| Detection of Nuclear Weapons and Materials: Science, Technologies, Observations |
04-Aug-2009 |
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| Authors:
Jonathan Medalia; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | Detection of nuclear weapons and special nuclear material (SNM, certain types of uranium and plutonium) is crucial to thwarting nuclear proliferation and terrorism and to securing weapons and materials worldwide. Congress has funded a portfolio of detection R&D and acquisition programs, and has mandated inspection at foreign ports of all U.S.-bound cargo containers using two types of detection equipment. Nuclear weapons contain SNM, which produces unique or suspect signatures that ... |
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| Effect of Advanced Synthetically Enhanced Detector Resolution Algorithm on Specificity and Sensitivity of Portable High Purity Germanium Gamma Detector Spectra |
Jun-2009 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
LaTosha M Bell; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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 | The ability to identify special nuclear material is one of the necessary prevention mechanisms for preventing proliferation of special nuclear materials. Additionally, if a nuclear event were to occur, information about the nuclear material used may be extracted from gamma spectra, provided it is obtained quickly and accurately. This can be made possible with the use of the exceptional resolution of the HPGe detector. This experiment applied the Advanced Synthetically ... |
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| Detection of Nuclear Weapons and Materials: Science, Technologies, Observations |
06-Nov-2008 |
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| Authors:
Jonathan Medalia; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Detection of nuclear weapons and special nuclear material (SNM, certain types of uranium and plutonium) is crucial to thwarting nuclear proliferation and terrorism and to securing weapons and materials worldwide. Congress has funded a portfolio of detection R&D and acquisition programs, and has mandated inspection at foreign ports of all U.S.-bound cargo containers using two types of detection equipment. Nuclear weapons contain SNM, which produces unique or suspect signatures that ... |
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| Initial Nuclear Radiation Hardness Validation Test |
03-Nov-2008 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY WHITE SANDS TEST CENTER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NEW MEXICO SURVIVABILITY VULNERABILITY AND ASSESSMENT DIRECTORATE (SVAD)
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| This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) is an outline of the test and evaluation procedures required to assess the effects of the Initial Nuclear Radiation (INR) environments on Army materiel. The INR environments are comprised of the Gamma Dose Rate (GDR), Gamma Total Dose (GTD) and Neutron Fluence (NF) environments. |
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| Laser Manipulation of Nuclear Transitions |
14 APR 2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Olga Kocharovskaya; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| The project is focused on theoretical and experimental studies of the quantum coherence effects at the atomic and nuclear transitions in solids. The main results are the following. 1. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and all-optical writing and probing of quantum coherence in room temperature solids are demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 2. The method for coherent suppression of excited state absorption in laser crystals is suggested. It opens the ... |
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| Acute Effects of Irradiation on People and Animals from Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions |
Sep-2007 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
B I Gusev; N N Kurakina; A V Strelnikov; ITT CORP ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DIV
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| We studied the mechanisms and features of the formation of the response reactions in humans and in animals to the effects of radiation factors imposed on them from experimental nuclear explosions. It was established that, as a result of short-term exposure of testing participants and the populace to a low-lying radioactive nuclear explosion cloud in 1968, with an overall external gamma irradiation of from 170 to 260 mGy (17.0 to ... |
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| Homeostatic T Cell Expansion to Induce Anti-Tumor Autoimmunity in Breast Cancer |
01 APR 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Roberto Baccala; SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| We have previously shown that effective anti-tumor autoimmunity can be induced if a tumor-cell challenge is given to mice undergoing homeostatic T-cell proliferation, a process dependent on signaling by self-peptide/MHC and trophic cytokines. We investigated whether this principle can be applied to mouse models of advanced breast carcinoma, and whether the anti-tumor response can be enhanced using selected T-cell subpopulations, cytokines and tumorvaccines. The results indicated that (a) homeostatic T-cell ... |
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| Early Detection of Breast Cancer via Multiplane Correlation Breast Imaging |
01 APR 2007 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Anuj J. Kapadia; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
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| We are developing a tomographic technique called Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography (NSECT) for early detection of breast cancer. NSECT is sensitive to metabolic changes in trace element concentrations that are seen in tumors at very early stages of development. Detecting and measuring these element concentrations has the potential to detect breast cancer early. Using neutrons as the imaging radiation leads to significant concerns about patient dose. While preliminary experiments ... |
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| Nuclear Imaging for Assessment of Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy |
MAR 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Dongfeng Pan; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
|
| Background: Combination of the cytotoxic viral thymidine kinase (tk) and the prodrug acyclovir (ACV) has been reported to inhibit the growth of the C4-2 tumor a subline of LNCaP. However it remains unsolved to non-invasively detect the in vivo distribution expression and persistence of the toxic gene as well as to evaluate the therapeutic effect. In this project we will develop a nuclear gene imaging approach to assist the cytotoxic ... |
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| Simulation of HEAO 3 Background |
2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
B. L. Graham; B. F. Phlips; R. A. Kroeger; J. D. Kurfess; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA
|
| A Monte Carlo technique for modeling background in space-based gamma-ray telescopes has been developed. The major background components included in this modeling technique are the diffuse cosmic gamma-ray flux, the Earth's atmospheric flux, the decay of nuclei produced by spallation of cosmic rays, trapped protons and their secondaries, the decay of nuclei produced by neutron capture, and the de-excitation of excited states produced by inelastic scattering of neutrons. The method ... |
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| Excitation of Nuclei and Atoms Trapping in Optical Fields of High Intensity |
NOV 2006 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Anatoli Andreev; MOSCOW STATE UNIV (RUSSIA)
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| This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. ... |
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| Chemokine Blockade in Combination with Cytoreductive Conditioning in Metastatic Breast Cancer |
AUG 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Murphy; NEVADA UNIV RENO
|
| Chemokines have been shown to provide angiogenic effects. Blocking chemokines can reduce metastatic breast cancer cell growth. We proposed that cytoreductive conditioning will force the tumor to rely on angiogenesis as a survival mechanism and thus make the tumor more susceptible to chemokine blockade. We demonstrate that tumor cells increase production of IL-8 and MCP-1 transcripts in vivo in response to IL-8 neutralization and/or gamma irradiation and cytoxan administration. We ... |
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| Effects of Techa River Radiation Contamination on the Reproductive Function of Residents |
JUN 2006 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
M. M. Kosenko; L. A. Nikolayenko; S. B. Yepifanova; E. V. Ostroumova; ITT INDUSTRIES INC ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES DIV
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| Studies of the effects of radiation on reproductive function in large populations have revealed uncertain and sometimes contradictory results. Radiation from nuclear weapons has been implicated in transient amenorrhea, earlier menopause, and altered sex ratios in offspring but no difference from control populations with regard to fertility, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirth rates was noted. Russian studies of radiochemical plant employees exposed to external gamma radiation and incorporation of 239Pu have ... |
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| Medical Effects and Dosimetric Data from Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site |
JUN 2006 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
S. B. Balmukhanov; J. N. Abdrakhmanov; T. S. Balmukhanov; B. I. Gusev; N. N. Kurakina; T. G. Raisov; ITT INDUSTRIES INC ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES DIV
|
| In the former Soviet Union, two sites were used for most surface or atmospheric nuclear tests. One of these was at Novaya Zemlya in the arctic, but the earlier and more used of the two was in what is now the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS), or Polygon as it was called, was instituted in 1947. Data relating to the radiation levels were declassified in 1992 and ... |
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| PET and Hormone Receptor Ligands in Breast Cancer |
MAY 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Mary Gemignani; MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER NEW YORK
|
| F-18 labeled estradiol has been found to be useful in the evaluation of estrogen receptor status in patients with breast cancer using PET. To investigate this further, this project's objectives are: To evaluate the use of estrogen-like ligands labeled with positron emitters in preoperatively determining the ER status of breast cancer using PET. Correlate the ER positivity seen on PET imaging with ER positivity found on pathologic analysis of the ... |
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| HOXB7: An Oncogenic Gene in Breast Cancer |
MAY 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Hexin Chen; Ethel Rubin; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Homeobox genes control anterioposterior body axis patterning during development. Although expressed primarily in developing embryos, a growing body of evidence shows that homeobox gene re-expression in adult tissues is associated with tumorigenesis. Since a growing body of evidence showed that HOXB7 may be involved in ovarian, skin and breast cancer, we wanted to investigate its expression levels in breast carcinomas and evaluate its oncogenic potential in this study. A number ... |
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| Nuclear Imaging for Assessment of Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy |
APR 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Dongfeng Pan; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
|
| Background: Combination of the cytotoxic viral thymidine kinase (tk) and the prodrug, acyclovir (ACV) has been reported to inhibit the growth of the C4-2 tumor, a subline of LNCaP. However, it remains unsolved to non-invasively detect the in vivo distribution, expression and persistence of the toxic gene as well as to evaluate the therapeutic effect. In this project, we will develop a nuclear gene imaging approach to assist the cytotoxic ... |
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| Exploiting the Innate Antitumor Activity of Human gammadelta-TCells for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer |
APR 2006 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Lopez; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| We initially identified a CD2-mediated, interleukin (IL)-12 dependent signaling pathway which inhibits apoptosis in mitogen-stimulated human gamma/delta T-cells. We have since exploited this pathway to develop the methodologies allowing the large-scale ex vivo expansion of viable apoptosis-resistant - T cells. We have shown that apoptosis-resistant human T- cells retain significant innate, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cell lines. Purpose and scope: The aims of this project ... |
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| Fundamental Studies of Strengthening Mechanisms in Metals Using Dislocation Dynamics |
26 MAR 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Tariq Khraishi; Yu-Lin Shen; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| A distributed dislocation method has been developed to quantify the elastic fields of inclusion eigenstrain problems in 2D and 3D (Lerma et al. 2003). The inclusions can be of any shape or size and the eigertstrains can be arbitrarily assigned, i.e. constant or non-constant within the inclusion. The method works well for material or field points inside or outside the inclusion domain, and is straightforward to apply. The method is ... |
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| A Biophysico-computational Perspective of Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment Response |
MAR 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie M. Weaver; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
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| Apoptosis regulates the pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness of breast tumors yet the molecular mechanisms whereby breast cancer cells resist apoptosis remains unknown. We found that coincident with malignant transformation and in association with an increase in collagen deposition, cross-linking and reorganization, the mammary gland becomes incrementally stiffer and that the elastic modulus of the tissues to which breast tumor cells characteristically metastasize varies widely. We used natural collagen and basement ... |
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| Inactivation of Microorganisms by Gamma Irradiation |
DEC 2005 |
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| Authors:
R. E. Hilsen; B. Kournikakis; B. Ford; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUFFIELD (ALBERTA)
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| The purpose of this study was to establish kill curves detailing the sterilization efficiency of 60Co gamma irradiation on non-pathogenic vegetative and spore preparations. This was done by testing the viability of the microorganisms over a range of gamma irradiation exposures. The procedures used to carry out the work will be used in fliture sterilization studies of pathogenic microorganisms for later use as antigen reagents. The initial use of non-pathogenic ... |
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| A Primer on the Detection of Nuclear and Radiological Weapons |
24 AUG 2005 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Gary W. Philips; David J. Nagel; Timothy Coffey; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
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| The detection of materials or devices for nuclear or radiological weapons of mass destruction (NRWMD) is fundamentally important to both homeland security and to military operations. Detection technologies are necessary both to find and to verify the location of materials, components, and systems for NRWMD. They are also central to actions taken after deployment of a NRWMD. The study upon which this report is based was undertaken because of the ... |
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| Murine Macrophages Kill the Vegetative Form of Bacillus anthracis |
18 AUG 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Tae J. Kang; Matthew J. Fenton; Matthew A. Weiner; Stephen Hibbs; Subhendu Basu; Les Baillie; Alan S. Cross; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE CENTER FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
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| Anti-protective antigen antibody was reported to enhance macrophage killing of ingested Bacillus anthracis spores, but it was unclear whether the antibody-mediated macrophage killing mechanism was directed against the spore itself or the vegetative form emerging from the ingested and germinating spore. To address this question, we compared the killing of germination-proficient (gp) and germination-deficient (DeltagerH) Sterne 34F2 strain spores by murine peritoneal macrophages. While macrophages similarly ingested both spores, only ... |
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| Improved Multinuclide Imaging of Special Nuclear Material Using a High Purity Germanium Double Sided Strip Detector |
JUN 2005 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Fred D. Rothenbush Jr; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| In the conduct of this research effort, neutron activated Sn sources and standard radioactive sources were used to simulate the gamma energy spectrum of a nuclear weapon pit. A converging hole collimator was designed, constructed, and mated with an HPGe Double Sided Strip Detector. A MATLAB image processing code was developed to produce a grayscale image of the sources. A variety of source configurations was examined to demonstrate the system's ... |
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| Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation of CAD Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells |
MAY 2005 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Shaheen Khan; TEXAS A AND M RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLLEGE STATION
|
| The CAD gene is trifunctional and expresses carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspattate casbamyltransferase/ditiydoorotase, wbich are required for pyrimidine biosynthesis. TCDD inhibited E2-induced expression of CAD gene and also downregulated E2-mediated transactivation of CAD gene promoter constructs in transient transfection assays. Moreover the CAD gene promoter construct with a mutant DRE was also inhibited by TCDD suggesting that DRE is not important in Ahr mediated inhibition of CAD gene expression. Using fluorescence resonance energy ... |
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| HOXB7: An Oncogenic Gene in Breast Cancer |
MAY 2005 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Ethel Rubin; Saraswati Sukumar; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Homeobox genes control anterioposterior body axis patterning during development. Although expressed primarily in developing embryos, a growing body of evidence shows that homeobox gene re-expression in adult tissues is associated with tumorigenesis. Earlier work has shown that introduction of HOXB7, one of the members of this gene family, into non-expressing breast cancer cells induced expression of a number of pro- angiogenic factors and formed tumors upon xenograft into nude mice. ... |
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| HLA-A2 Supertype-Restricted Cell-Mediated Immunity by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Derived from Malian Children with Severe or Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Healthy Controls |
25 APR 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Kirsten E. Lyke; Robin B. Burges; Yacouba Cissoko; Lansana Sangare; Abdoulaye Kone; Modibo Dao; Issa Diarra; Marcelo A. Fernandez-Vina; Christopher V. Plowe; Ogobara K. Doumbo; Marcelo B. Sztein; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE CENTER FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
|
| Understanding HLA-restricted adaptive host immunity to defined epitopes of malarial antigens may be required for the development of successful malaria vaccines. Fourteen epitopes of preerythrocytic malarial antigens known to mediate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against target cells expressing HLA-A2-restricted epitopes were synthesized and pooled based on antigen: thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP), circumsporozoite protein (CSP), and export protein 1 (Exp-1) peptides. HLA-A2 supertype (*0201, *0202, *0205, *6802) peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected ... |
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| Identification of Novel Genes Affected by Gamma Irradiation Using a Gene-Trapped Library of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells |
APR 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer Malone; Robert Ullrich; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| We propose that the expression of several unknown genes is affected by gamma radiation. Abnormal expression of these genes may be one of the early steps in breast carcinogenesis induced by radiation. We plan to establish an assay that will allow us to screen for breast cells that contain a single mutation by gene trapping. We will be able to detect changes in the expression or a gene upon treatment ... |
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| Homeostatic T Cell Expansion to Induce Anti-Tumor Antoimmunity in Breast Cancer |
APR 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Baccale; SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| We have previously shown using a mouse model of melanoma that homeostatic T-cell proliferation, a process occurring in response to lymphopenia and dependent on signaling by self-peptide/MHC and trophic cytokines, may promote effective anti-tumor autoimmunity if induced in conjunction with a tumor-cell challenge. We are currently investigating whether this principle can be applied to mouse models of advanced breast carcinoma, and whether the anti-tumor response can be enhanced using selected ... |
|
| Mutagen Sensitivity and DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Hereditary and Sporadic Breast Cancer |
MAR 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Luisel J. Santi-Ruiz; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Breast cancer risk for both sporadic and familial breast cancer can better be elucidated in studies in women with BRCA1 mutations. Since the BRCA1 protein is involved in DNA repair, genotype-phenotype relationships can be established by the assessment of DNA repair efficiency and the identification of genetic polymorphisms in the BRCA1 DNA repair pathway. To study risks associated with certain polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, EBV-immortalized cells from women in ... |
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| Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Susan J. Knox; STANFORD UNIV CA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| A large body of data suggests that selenium supplementation may be used as a chemopreventative strategy to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. In spite of this, little is known about the use of selenium as a cancer therapy. The inorganic form of selenium, selenite, undergoes thiol-dependent reduction to selenide, which supplies selenium for the synthesis of selenoproteins. At lower concentrations, the major effects of selenite are related to its ... |
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| Network Tomography |
24 JAN 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Franklin Gavilanez; Carlos Berenstein; John Baras; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK INST FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
|
| While conventional tomography is associated to the Radon transform in Euclidean spaces, electrical impedance tomography or EIT is associated to the Radon transform in the hyperbolic plane. We discuss some recent work on network tomography that can be associated to a problem similar to EIT on graphs and indicate how in some sense it may be also associated to the Radon transform on trees. |
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| Autonomous Underwater X-Ray |
19 JAN 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Dock; NOMADICS INC STILLWATER OK
|
| In this SBIR Phase I Nomadics documented the penetration and backscatter of an underwater X-ray system. The system consists of an X-ray source water tank and a gamma ray detector capable of sensing the high-energy scattered X-rays. Using the results of these tests the model of X-ray penetration and backscatter can be verified and used to extrapolate expected performance of the final system. |
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| Prevention of Gamma Radiation-Induced Mortality in Mice by the Isoflavone Genistein |
2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
M. R. Landauer; V. Srinivasan; M. B. Grace; C. M. Chang; V. Parekh; T. K. Clarke; W. E. Jackson III; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| There is a need to develop medical countermeasures to protect first-responders and remediation workers from the biomedical effects of ionizing radiation. Agents that can protect against ionizing radiation and that can be administered before radiation would permit rescue workers to perform needed operations. The ideal radioprotector would be nontoxic and would not degrade performance. Soy phytoestrogens have strong antioxidant activity and have been reported to have many beneficial health effects, ... |
|
| Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed (PSSC Testbed) |
2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J. Simburger; Simon Liu; John Halpine; David Hinkley; Daniel Rumsey; Henry Yoo; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA
|
| The Picosatellite Solar Cell (PSSC) Testbed flight experiment is designed to obtain space environment degradation data for advanced solar cells. The purpose of the first flight (ISS orbit) is to develop and operationally test the picosatellite and associated ground station. Subsequent flights will be in a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit, which will provide accelerated radiation degradation data for missions to geosynchronous orbit. |
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| Investigation of Radiation Resistant Materials for Developing Space- Hardened Polymer Modulators |
NOV 2004 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Edward W. Taylor; INTERNATIONAL PHOTONICS CONSULTANT ALBUQERQUE NM
|
| An investigation of the radiation resistance of polymer based electro-optic modulators was conducted by the International Photonics Consultants for the Air Force Research Laboratory Photonics Technology Branch (SNDP) to determine the potential of polymer modulators for airborne and space environment microwave applications. Gamma-ray and proton irradiation of CPW- IIAPC, CLD-75IAPC, and other non-linear polymer materials received ionizing doses ranging to 163 krad(Si). Modulator parameters including half-wave voltage, insertion losses, and ... |
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| A New Multi-Sensor Track Fusion Architecture for Multi-Sensor Information Integration |
SEP 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Buddy H. Jean; John Younker; Chih-Cheng Hung; LOCKHEED AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS CO MARIETTA GA
|
| This paper proposes a new multi-sensor track fusion model. The widely used multisensor track fusion model is based on the Extended Kalman Tracker whereas the new fusion model is based on the alpha beta gamma tracker. This new technology will integrate multi-sensor information and extract integrated multi-sensor information to detect, track and identify multiple targets at any time, in any place under all weather conditions. This technology can be applied ... |
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| Intraoperative Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Nodes |
AUG 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen M. Greene; John N. Aarsvold; Nolan Hertel; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA
|
| The main objective of this investigation is to determine the feasibility and value of the use of a small field of view camera gamma camera intraoperatively for sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization in breast cancer patients. A camera with a 5 in. x 5 in. field of view (FOV) is being investigated. Clinical experience with 14 subjects using the 1 in. x 1 in. FOV and 15 subjects using the ... |
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| A Small Peptide (CEL-1000) Derived from the Beta-Chain of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule Induces Complete Protection Against Malaria in an Antigen-Independent Manner |
JUL 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Yupin Charoenvit; Gary T. Brice; David Bacon; Victoria Majam; Jackie Williams; Esteban Abot; Harini Ganeshan; Martha Sedegah; Denise L. Doolan; Daniel J. Carucci; Daniel H. Zimmerman; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| CEL-1000 (DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG) is a novel potential preventative and therapeutic agent. We report that CEL-1000 confers a high degree of protection against Plasmodium sporozoite challenge in a murine model of malaria, as shown by the total absence of blood stage infection following challenge with 100 sporozoites (100% protection) and by a substantial reduction (400-fold) of liver stage parasite RNA following challenge with 50,000 sporozoites. CEL-1000 protection was demonstrated in A/J (H-2a) ... |
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| Flocking for Multi-Agent Dynamic Systems: Algorithms and Theory |
22 JUN 2004 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Reza Olfati-Saber; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA CONTROL AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
|
| In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for design and analysis of distributed flocking algorithms. Two cases of flocking in free-space and presence of multiple obstacles are considered. We present three flocking algorithms: two for free-flocking and one for constrained flocking. A comprehensive analysis of the first two algorithms is provided. We demonstrate the first algorithm embodies all three rules of Reynolds. This is a formal approach to extraction ... |
|
| Investigation of Subcritical Fatigue Crack Growth in Gamma Titanium Aluminides |
26 MAY 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Blair London; CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
|
| Our titanium aluminide alloy was readily heat treated to a fully lamellar state by holding at 1345C for 1.5 hours and furnace cooling resulting in a grain size of 330 muon m. The yield stress, ultimate stress, and total elongation were 315MPa, 465MPa, and 0.46% respectively. The fully lamellar microstructure shows significant work hardening. No long cracks initiated at R=0.1 and variation max=300MPa with up to 1.4 million cycles. |
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| Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation of CAD Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells |
MAY 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Shaheen Khan; TEXAS A AND M RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLLEGE STATION
|
| The cad gene is trifunctional and expresses carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate carbamyltransferase/dihydroorotase, which are required for pyrimidine biosynthesis. Treatment of ZR-75 cells with 10 nM 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) resulted in significant downregulation of E2- induced cad mRNA levels. The mechanism of TCDD-induced downregulation was further investigated using constructs containing the growth-responsive -90 to +115 (pCAD1) and -90 to +115 (pCAD2) region of the cad gene promoter. E2 induced reporter gene (luciferase) activity ... |
|
| Identification of Novel Genes Affected by Gamma Irradiation Using a Gene-Trapped Library of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells |
APR 2004 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer L. Malone; Robert Ullrich; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| We propose that the expression of several unknown genes is affected by gamma radiation. Abnormal expression of these genes may be one of the steps in breast carcinogenesis induced by radiation. We plan to establish an assay that will allow us to screen for breast cells that contains a single mutation by gene trapping. We will be able to detect changes in the expression of a gene upon treatment with ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Dual Modality Imaging for the Early Detection and Monitoring of Breast Cancer During Therapy |
APR 2004 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Tandra R. Chaudhuri; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| Purpose was to develop non-invasive imaging systems to detect and treatment monitoring of breast cancer at the earliest stage in animal model. Scope: Scope of the second year's research is to perform in vitro and in vivo experiments, development of stable cell lines producing light-based reporters, development of additional viral vectors encoding dual reporter system, such as light based reporter (GFP, luciferase) and gamma camera based reporter (hSSTR2). Continue in ... |
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| Special Nuclear Material Imaging Using a High Purity Germanium Double Sided Strip Detector |
MAR 2004 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Clifford V. Sulham; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using a High Purity Germanium Double Sided Strip Detector (HPGeDSSD) to image Special Nuclear Material (SNM) for use in the field of nuclear nonproliferation. SNM shape can be determined by using a gamma ray imaging system that is capable of imaging either Pu-239 or U-235. The detector used for this research is a liquid-nitrogen cooled germanium detector with five ... |
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| CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide and Montanide ISA 51 Adjuvant Combination Enhanced the Protective Efficacy of a Subunit Malaria Vaccine |
FEB 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Sanjai Kumar; Trevor R. Jones; Miranda S. Oakley; Hong Zheng; Shanmuga P. Kuppusamy; Alem Taye; Arthur M. Krieg; Anthony W. Stowers; David C. Kaslow; Stephen L. Hoffman; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| Unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs present in bacterial genomes or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) serve as strong immunostimulatory agents in mice, monkeys and humans. We determined the adjuvant effect of murine CpG ODN 1826 on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed 19-kDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (yMSP1(sub19)) of the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. We found that in C57BL/6 mice, following sporozoite challenge, the degree of ... |
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| Radiation Induced Bystander Effects in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells |
DEC 2003 |
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| Authors:
Tamika M. Segura; Diana Wilkinson; Louise Prud'honne-Lalonde; Erika M. Thorleifson; Sylvie Lachapelle; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADAOTTAWA (ONTARIO)
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| It is well accepted that cells, in response to radiation, may release transmissible factors. These transmissible factors, clastogenic factors, have been reported to induce genomic instability in cells that have not been directly exposed to radiation. We hypothesize that this observed bystander effect might be a consequence of cellular interactions via secretory proteins released by the irradiated cells to affect the non-irradiated cells and initiate a systemic stress response to ... |
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| Fabrication and Optical Recombination in III-Nitride Microstructures and Devices |
OCT 2003 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Hongxing Jiang; Jingyu Lin; KANSAS STATE UNIV MANHATTAN DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| The research program at Kansas State University is to develop innovative approaches for fabricating high quality III- nitride QWs, heterostructures, microstructures, and micro-devices and to study their optical and optoelectronic properties. By optimizing the epilayer mobilities and optical emission properties, we have produced GaN,Al(x)Ga(1-x)N (x up to 1), In(x)Ga(1- x)N (x<0.3), and In(x)Al( y)Ga(1-x-y)N epilayers, III-nitride QWs with device qualities. We have successfully fabricated micro-size blue emitters and developed a ... |
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| Effect of Radiation on Silicon and Borosilicate Glass |
SEP 2003 |
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| Authors:
Clark L. Allred; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| A study was made that is logically divided into two parts, both involving radiation damage effects. The first is a study of the effects of neutron and gamma radiation on the dimensions of two borosilicate glasses, pyrex and Hoya SD-2. These two glasses are commonly used as substrates for silicon microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices, and radiation-induced compaction in a substrate can have deleterious effects on device performance. Results are presented for ... |
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| Intraoperative Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes |
AUG 2003 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen M. Greene; Nolan E. Hertel; GEORGIA TECH APPLIED RESEARCH CORP ATLANTA GA
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| The main objective of this investigation is to determine the feasibility and value of the intraperative use of a small field of view (FOV) camera gamma camera for sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization in breast cancer patients. Two cameras, on with a 1' x 1' FOV and one with a 5 x 5' FOV are being investigated. Clinical experience with 14 subjects using the 1 in x 1 in FOV ... |
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GAMMA RAYS
