| Discrete Film Cooling in a Rocket with Curved Walls |
Dec-2009 |
178 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan F McCall; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
 | This study quantified the effects of discrete wall-based film cooling in a rocket with curved walls. Simulations and experiments showed decreasing with wall radius of curvature, holding jet diameter constant, improves net heat flux reduction (NHFR) and adiabatic effectiveness (eta) for 90 compound injected cylindrical jets, though is reduced at the highest curvature. NHFR and eta improved further with a high favorable stream-wise pressure gradient (K=2.1x10-5) at all tested blowing ... |
|
| The Emerging Petroleum and Natural Gas Economy |
30-Sep-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Frank Verrastro; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
|
| The title of the symposia is the Emerging Petroleum and Natural Gas economy. Topical focus in these briefing charts is on: peak oil, technology developments, NOCs and IOCs, game changes, climate and natural gas. |
|
| Persian Gulf Issues |
29-Sep-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jean-Francois Seznec; GEORGETOWN UNIV HOSPITAL WASHINGTON DC
|
| The main points of these briefing charts are: local wars for oil within the Persian Gulf, tensions between US and China leading to armed conflict, major world players unlikely to seek control of one or more Gulf States, Gulf States policies seem to point to a switch away from an emphasis on military might to economic might, long term interest of Saudi Arabia and of other Gulf States is to ... |
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| Department of Defense Fuel Spending, Supply, Acquisition, and Policy |
22-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Anthony Andrews; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Department of Defense (DOD) fuel consumption varies from year to year in response to changes in mission and the tempo of operations. DOD may consume upwards of 1% of the petroleum products refined in the United States annually. Petroleum products purchased and consumed overseas may double DOD's consumption. The majority of DOD's bulk fuel purchases are for jet fuel, which has ranged as high as 101 million barrels annually in ... |
|
| U.S. Air Force Energy Program |
Sep-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David King; AIR FORCE
|
| AIR FORCE ENERGY: Successes and Challenges. AVIATION OPERATIONS: Aircraft Design * Weight Reduction * Simulator Utilization * Direct Routing * Air Refueling Optimization. INFRASTRUCTURE: Facility Energy Conservation Programs * Metering Plans * Asset Management * Sustainable Buiding Design. ACQUISITIONS AND TECHNOLOGY: Efficient/Adaptive Engine Procurement * Alternative Fuels Certification * Advanced Design Systems * Aircraft Technology * Fully-burdened Cost of Fuel Assessment. |
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| Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel Evaluations HMMWV Test Track Evaluation |
Sep-2009 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Eric Sattler; Edwin A Frame; Gregory Hansen; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| This report compares the results of running a HMMWV on four different fuels. Evaluation criteria includes; fuel economy, emissions, vehicle performance, and engine wear. The fuels involved are ULSD, JP8, Synthetic Fischer-Tropsch S8, and a 50/50 blend of JP8 and the Synthetic Fuel. |
|
| FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations |
15-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen Daggett; Curt Tarnoff; Rhoda Margesson; K A Kronstadt; Kennon H Nakamura; Susan B Epstein; Sarah A Lister; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 11, 2009, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees announced a conference agreement on H.R. 2346, a bill providing supplemental appropriations for the remainder of FY2009. The House passed the conference report (226 to 202) on June 16; the Senate passed it (91 to 5) on June 18. President Obama signed it into law (P.L. 111-32) on June 24. On key issues, the agreement includes: $5 billion, as in ... |
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| Ship Utilization in Support of the Global War on Terror |
15-Jul-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
William H Johnson; OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ARLINGTON VA SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
|
| The overall objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and procedures used to ensure that activated Government-owned and Government-chartered vessels are used to the maximum extent prior to procuring commercial transportation to Southwest Asia (SWA). We performed this audit as required by Public Law 110-181, ?The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008,,? section 842, ?Investigation of Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Wartime Contracts and Contracting Processes in ... |
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| Possible Effects of the Department of Defense Acting as a Buyer on the Derivatives Futures Market |
01-Jun-2009 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas R Bowman; Evan P Wright; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The purpose of our professional project is to research the possible effects of the Department of Defense's (DoD) participation as a buyer in the commercial futures market for derivatives. The idea that DoD should participate in derivatives trading has been proposed and published by others in the past; however, the recommendations we reviewed failed to provide empirical evidence to highlight likely outcomes if their recommendations were put into practice. With ... |
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| Energy Sustainability and the Army: The Current Transformation |
Apr-2009 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Natalie D Northern; ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INST ARLINGTON VA
|
| The purpose of this paper is to examine the U.S. Army's use of conservation and renewable energy systems (RES) for the purposes of sustainability and national security. Initiatives in these areas will allow the U.S. Army to transform itself into a more business-like entity when it comes to energy use. They also will encourage both CONUS Army Installations and OCONUS Forward Operating Bases to reduce their dependency on foreign oil. ... |
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| Chemical Modeling for Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion |
31-Mar-2009 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Heinz Pitsch; LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV CA
|
| In the present project the focus was on developing advanced combustion models for large-eddy simulations (LES) and to develop automatic chemistry reduction techniques and reduced chemical mechanisms for JP-8 surrogate fuels. The aim of the combustion LES modeling part was to advance the models for non-premixed and premixed combustion towards a generalized combustion model that covers all combustion regimes. Towards this end, for the premixed regime, a dynamic model for ... |
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| Tough Guys Go Green: Expanding DoD's Role in Energy Security |
17-Mar-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Farrell; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| America's dependency on fossil fuels is a critical National Security issue. The United States needs to develop alternative means to power and fuel aircraft, ships and ground vehicles with the ultimate goal of achieving energy independence from foreign oil sources. This monograph examines the linkages between a National Energy Policy, National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy and National Military Strategy. Our dependence on foreign oil sources and the lack of ... |
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| Cost Analysis of Electric Grid Enhancement Utilizing Distributed Generation in Post-War Reconstruction |
Mar-2009 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Darol D Fiala; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have presented significant civil infrastructure rebuilding challenges to these nations, as well as to the United States, coalition allies, and the United Nations. Iraqi and Afghan critical infrastructure has been destroyed, or fallen into disrepair, due to years of war, international sanctions, sabotage and neglect. Electrical infrastructure, in particular, is a critical economic and social component that is failing to meet the essential ... |
|
| Impacts of U.S. Export Control Policies on Science and Technology Activities and Competitiveness |
25-Feb-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| On Wednesday, February 25, 2009 at 10:00 am in room 2318 Rayburn House Office Building, the Committee on Science and Technology will hold a hearing to review the impacts of current export control policies on U.S. science and technology activities and competitiveness and to examine the findings and recommendations of the National Academies study, Beyond Fortress America: National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. The Cold ... |
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| Excess Material Support: The Unrecognized Operational Risk |
17-Feb-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence D Moreland; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Excessive material support to the Theater Operations carries strategic risks. Whether the risks are those experienced by LTG Heiser in the congested rail yards of France and Korea, or as suggested by Clausewitz as an encumbrance of little use in rapid operations, the U.S. military must assess its stock levels, account for them in military planning, and determine the risk they impose on the force. The baggage trains of Clausewitz's ... |
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| The Oxidation of a Gasoline Surrogate in the Negative Temperature Coefficient Region |
12-Feb-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
David B Lenhert; David L Miller; Nicholas P Cernansky; Kevin G Owens; DREXEL UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
|
| This experimental study investigated the preignition reactivity behavior of a gasoline surrogate in a pressurized flow reactor over the low and intermediate temperature regime (600-800 K) at elevated pressure (8 atm). The surrogate mixture, a volumetric blend of 4.6% 1-pentene, 31.8% toluene, 14.0% n-heptane, and 49.6% 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane (iso-octane), was shown to reproduce the low and intermediate temperature reactivity of full boiling range fuels in a previous study. Each of the ... |
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| Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Classification with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares |
13-Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Mark H Hammond; Jeffrey A Cramer; Robert E Morris; Susal L Rose-Pehrsson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will have regulations in effect no later than 2010 requiring sulfur content to be no greater than 15 parts per million (ppm) for on-road, off-road, and marine diesel fuel applications. Hydrotreatment will remove sulfur, but it also removes other polar compounds that impart fuel lubricity. The rapid and accurate discrimination of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels is then important for both regulation compliance ... |
|
| Propulsion and Power Rapid Response Research and Development Support: Fundamental Science Investigations for Propulsion and Power Systems |
Jan-2009 |
236 pages |
| Authors:
Donald B Hanson; UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGY CORP DAYTON OH
|
| Research was conducted for the Propulsion Directorate's research and development efforts in core technology areas for turbine engines, hypersonics, and aerospace power. Experimental and theoretical research was conducted in the technical disciplines of fuels and combustion; mechanical subsystems and life management; aerodynamics; aerospace power systems including applied and high temperature superconductivity, physics of electrical discharges, applied atomic and molecular spectroscopy, thermophysics and high temperature dielectric materials, thermal nanofluids for heat ... |
|
| On-Site Field-Feeding Waste to Energy Converter |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
L Knowlton; D Pickard; J Diebold; K Lasnik; A Lilley; K Browne; ARMY NATICK SOLDIER RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA
|
| Military field-feeding generates tons of solid waste that is a costly logistic burden, requiring personnel, vehicles, and fuel that could otherwise be used for the warfighting mission. Such waste also represents a source of chemical energy sufficient to power a field kitchen and/or other force sustainment systems. This research investigated the concept of employing an air-blown downdraft biomass gasifier to convert foodservice waste into useful energy. A prototype system was ... |
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| Modeling Combustion Chamber Dynamics of Impinging Stream Vortex Engines Fueled With Hydrazine-Alternative Hypergols |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
C C Chen; M J Nusca; M J McQuaid; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| To advance the development of Impinging Stream Vortex Engines (ISVEs) for tactical missile propulsion system applications, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability has been developed and employed to simulate the combustion chamber dynamics of various ISVE designs. Simulations of firstgeneration ISVE configurations fueled with monomethylhydrazine/ red fuming nitric acid (MMH/RFNA) led to insights that inspired a combustion chamber design change, and simulations of an ISVE with the new feature ... |
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| Hydrothermal Processing of Base Camp Solid Wastes To Allow Onsite Recycling |
Sep-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L Gerdes; Deborah Curtin; Christopher Gutkowski; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Bouldin Corp., McMinnville, TN, has developed a technology to process domestic solid waste using a unique hydrothermal system. The process was successfully demonstrated at Forts Benning and Campbell, where it was determined that, while the process was energy intensive, it had potential as a means to recycle Army solid wastes, both within and outside the Continental United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if the hydrothermal system ... |
|
| Grid-Free Electrostatic Plasma Simulations |
09-Jul-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Andrew Christlieb; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING
|
| This report summarizes work done between September 2007 and June 2008 related to the development of a set of grid-free simulation tools for problems in plasma dynamics. As noted in the abstract on page one, the research objectives are: (1) to develop a grid-free field solver, fluid model, and kinetic model, (2) to evaluate these tools in comparison with traditional mesh-based methods, and (3) to demonstrate the capability of the ... |
|
| Port Security in the Persian Gulf |
01-Jun-2008 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Munson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The United States and the international community have implemented numerous measures since 2001 designed to improve the security of maritime commerce. Special attention has been paid to the vulnerability of port facilities to exploitation by terrorists or other illicit actors. While the implementation of enhanced port security measures in Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Iraq may have improved some aspects of maritime security, significant vulnerabilities remain. While strong physical security at ... |
|
| Fire for Effect: Calling for a More Potent Energy System |
22-May-2008 |
114 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan E Jeckell; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| The United States and its allies depend heavily on energy for their way of life and key capabilities in warfare. The current energy system has served us well for nearly 100 years, but is now shifting out of our favor and is creating strategic liabilities and tactical vulnerabilities. Our leaders are becoming increasingly concerned about these issues, but most of the attention is focused on alternative sources for the civilian ... |
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| An Army Discussion on Ground Vehicles and the ARC |
20 MAY 2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Pete Schihl; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Agenda: Introduction to Army Ground Vehicles; TARDEC Strategic Thrust Areas; Mobility and Propulsion Synergy with TARDEC; Conclusions |
|
| International Partnerships to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction |
MAY 2008 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Paul I. Bernstein; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
|
| Building international partnerships is a central element of U.S. strategy to combat weapons of mass destruction (WMD). U.S. policy recognizes that the proliferation problem is far too large, complex, and important for any one nation to tackle alone. Meaningful and sustained progress in combating WMD requires active collaboration among all states that have a stake in managing the problem and the will and capacity to contribute. Current policies build on ... |
|
| Direct Logistic Fuel JP-8 Conversion in a Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA-SOFC) |
09-Apr-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas Tao; Jeff Bentley; Mark Koslowske; Linda Bateman; Bill McPhee; CELLTECH POWER LLC WESTBOROUGH MA
|
| This program was proposed as an extension of the DARPA/MISER program that was concluded in the first half of 2006. The DARPA/MISER program objective was the development of a technology for direct conversion of field packaging waste into energy. Under the DARPA/MISER program CellTech Power also demonstrated the ability of the Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA SOFC) to direct convert logistic fuel, JP-8. The demonstration of direct ... |
|
| ARFF Ultra High Pressure Fire Fighting Systems (Briefing Charts) |
01-Apr-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J McDonald; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| The Air Force Research Laboratory has developed Ultra High Pressure (UHP) fire fighting as a method to reduce the amount of agent and extinguishment time required for fuel fires. Initial work was conducted on a 14 gpm system, but has been scaled up to 300 gpm. The effort included large scale experiments to demonstrate an overall reduction of agent usage to 28% of the amount required using conventional technology. UHP ... |
|
| The UIR Framework: An Approach to Developing Culturally Savvy Logisticians |
25 MAR 2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Marvin S. Whitaker; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| An important long-term realization that has resulted from the Global War on Terror and the current counterinsurgency operations occurring in Iraq and Afghanistan is the explosion of needed cultural awareness insights that in itself has arguably created a cultural awareness revolution within the military services. The Department of Defense and the military services have placed an incredible amount of emphasis and resources to fuel this cultural awareness explosion. This paper ... |
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| Defense Management: Overarching Organizational Framework Could Improve DoD's Management of Energy Reduction Efforts for Military Operations |
13 MAR 2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Solis; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Several issues, such as rising fuel costs, worldwide energy demand, and the high fuel burden during operations, underscore the importance of energy to DOD. Fuel costs for DOD are substantial and the volatility of world oil prices will likely continue to affect the department which may require DOD to make difficult trade-offs, such as redirecting funds from ongoing programs to pay for needed fuel. In addition, both the Army and ... |
|
| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Human Keratinocytes |
MAR 2008 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie McCormack-Brown; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Nanotechnology promises to be the defining technology of the 21st century. At an annual investment of $1B, it provides significant contributions to manufacturing, medicine, energy conservation, and the environment. Nanoparticles are structures with at least one dimension in the 1 to 100 nanometer (nm) range. DoD and US Air Force interest in aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) stems from its ability to enhance combustion jet fuel, thus increasing fuel efficiency. The ... |
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| Remaining a Light Force |
19-Feb-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
S L Gosnell; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| The Marine Corps must embrace the light infantry concept to remain relevant on the modern battlefield. The light infantry unit requires less equipment and less logistics support but more training. Unfortunately, current Marine infantry units have moved more toward the conventional infantry mindset in terms of their equipment sets and military tactics. The projection and sustainment of this equipment requires significant logistical support. In adopting this mindset, the Marine Corps ... |
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| Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD Energy Strategy, "More Fight - Less Fuel" |
FEB 2008 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| On May 2, 2006 the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (USD(AT&L)) directed the Defense Science Board to create a Task Force to examine DoD Energy Strategy Citing significant risks to both our nation and our military forces, he challenged the Task Force to find opportunities to reduce DoD's energy demand, identify institutional obstacles to their implementation, and assess their potential commercial and security benefits to the ... |
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| Comparison of F-15E and F-16 Dynamic Targeting Persistence in a Fuel-Limited Environment |
14 DEC 2007 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Brian M. Farrar; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The United States Air Force (USAF) has developed the ability to strike newly detected targets within minutes by pre-positioning aircraft near potential targets. This "dynamic targeting" process provides responsiveness and flexibility, but it also has limitations. In order to strike a newly emerged target, an appropriately armed aircraft must be available to provide the desired effects. Such availability requires loitering, and limited fuel access could severely restrict loiter time near ... |
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| Conducting a Business Case Analysis for Net Zero Plus - Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) |
DEC 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Hsueh M. D. Ong; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Net Zero Plus (NZP) is an approved Fiscal Year 2007 Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) initiative by the United States Rapid Equipping Force (REF). The purpose of JCTD is to identify significant military needs and match them to mature technologies or technology demonstration programs, so that the military needs can be addressed rapidly. The operational issue that underlies this research is how to reduce the risk to logistics forces by ... |
|
| Green Energy for the Battlefield |
DEC 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie D. Halcrow; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The amount of energy the United States (U.S.) consumes increases every year and this growth in energy consumption outpaces energy production. To fill this gap, the U.S. imports thirty-five percent of its energy. More importantly, the U.S. imports over 60 percent of its total oil consumption. Our country's energy production, especially our transportation sector, is highly dependent on foreign sources. Add to this, 70 percent of this energy is from ... |
|
| Perspective on One Decade of Laser Propulsion Research at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Preprint) |
28 NOV 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
C. W. Larson; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| The Air Force Laser Propulsion Program spanned nearly 10-years and included about 35-weeks of experimental research with the Pulsed Laser Vulnerability Test System of the High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, WSMR/HELSTF/PLVTS. PLVTS is a pulsed CO2 laser that produces up to 10 kW of power in -10 cm2 spot at wavelength of 10.6 microns. The laser is capable of a pulse repetition ... |
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| Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Policy Implications of Expanding Global Access to Nuclear Power |
01 NOV 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Mary B. Nikitin; Jill M. Parillo; Sharon Squassoni; Anthony Andrews; Mark Holt; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| After several decades of decline and disfavor, nuclear power is attracting renewed interest. New permit applications for 30 reactors have been filed in the United States, and another 150 are planned or proposed globally, with about a dozen more already under construction. In the United States, interest appears driven, in part, by provisions in the 2005 Energy Policy Act authorizing streamlined licensing that combine construction and operating permits, and tax ... |
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| Meeting Unmanned Air Vehicle Platform Challenges Using Oblique Wing Aircraft |
01 NOV 2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
R. K. Nangia; NANGIA AERO RESEARCH ASSOCIATES BRISTOL (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| There is an ever increasing emphasis on unmanned vehicles for all kinds of roles. Recent experience suggests that their capability and payoff could be complementary to manned vehicles in combat situations. However, the levels of platform and inter-disciplinary technologies need to be developed to take full advantage of their performance potential as part of an integrated defence system. This applies to all classes of Unmanned vehicles. Further, a balance has ... |
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| Multi-Scale Computational Analyses of JP-8 Fuel Droplets and Vapors in Human Respiratory Airway Models |
31 OCT 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Clement Kleinstreuer; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| Using representative human nasal, oral and tracheobronchial airway models, transient 3- D as well as equivalent steady-state solutions have been obtained for the transport and deposition of spherical particles and droplets as well as vapors. It should be noted that equivalence to transient airflow and particle deposition results was achieved by employing matching Reynolds and Stokes numbers for steady-state simulations. Inhalation inlet conditions and aerosol characteristics resembled JP-8 fuel exposure ... |
|
| Synthesis of Nanostructured LaB6 Powders |
25-Oct-2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Olivia A Graeve; NEVADA UNIV RENO
|
| Nanocrystalline powders of LaB6 with an average crystallite size of 20 nm, as determined from x-ray diffraction analysis, have been obtained using a combustion synthesis technique that makes use of lanthanum nitrate, boron, and carbohydrazide as precursors. The optimum fuel-to-oxidizer ratio was found to be 0.25, which is quite low compared to typical combustion synthesis experiments. The powders are phase-pure except for about a 3 mol% contamination of LaBO3. |
|
| Roadmap for Bioenergy and Biobased Products in the United States |
Oct-2007 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The United States has become increasingly dependent in recent decades on imported petroleum to meet its energy needs. A portfolio of more diverse and domestic feedstocks for our nation's energy and chemical supply must be found to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and to secure future energy supply. Biomass resources are a sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock that can contribute significantly to a diverse energy portfolio. The Roadmap identifies ... |
|
| Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Operation With Dual Fuel Flexibility |
OCT 2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
JOSEPH DALY; George Steinfeld; David K. Moyer; Franklin H. Holcomb; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The ability to operate highly-efiicient, pollution-free, distributed-generation power plants on either natural gas or HD-5 grade propane is of interest to the U.S. Army and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security as secure power for critical power operations. To address this interest, Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC) teamed with FuelCell Energy (FCE) to test an internally reforming 250 kW carbonate direct fuel cell using HD-5 propane. This fuel cell power plant, ... |
|
| A Study of Flame Physics and Solid Propellant Rocket Physics |
OCT 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
John Buckmaster; BUCKMASTER RESEARCH URBANA IL
|
| Topics that have been examined include heterogeneous propellant flame modeling, the construction of 1-dimensional flame models from subgrid 3-dimensional descriptions, aluminum agglomeration, the combustion of heterogeneous propellants containing aluminum, the use of a genetic algorithm to optimally define false-kinetics parameters in propellant combustion modeling, the calculation of fluctuations above a burning propellant and the effect of these fluctuations on the turbulent chamber flow, the 1-dimensional combustion of fine aluminum and ... |
|
| Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles for the Robotic Soldier |
01-Sep-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Ray Baughman; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON
|
| Two types of novel actuators that are powered by high-energy-density fuels (hydrogen, methanol, or formic acid fuel combined with air or oxygen) have been experimentally demonstrated in this program. The first type uses a carbon nanotube electrode that simultaneously functions as a muscle, a fuel cell electrode and a supercapacitor electrode. The result is a muscle that converts the chemical energy in the fuel to electrical energy and can use ... |
|
| Electro-Magnetic Actuated Valve for MEMS Fuel Metering System |
01-Sep-2007 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Albert P Pisano; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY
|
| The goal of this research project is to develop a fuel injection system which delivers the desired ratio of air/fuel mixture to small scale internal combustion engines. Small scale engines require precise fuel control, but the fuel delivery system must be small and low-power. Our research is focused on the development of a planar fuel valve with high fuel delivery rates. The planar nature allows for successful system integration with ... |
|
| Optimal Control Strategies for Constrained Relative Orbits |
SEP 2007 |
227 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Irvin David J.; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The US Air Force's ability to protect space assets is enhanced by a proficiency in satellite proximity operations and Space Situational Awareness (SSA). In pursuit of that proficiency, this research develops a key capability of interest to mission planners; the ability of a deputy satellite to "hover" within a defened volume fixed in the vicinity of a chief satellite for an extended period of time. This research finds optimal trajectories, ... |
|
| Ignition and Dentonation Characteristics of Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Fuels in a PDE |
SEP 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Tim Heifrich; Fred Schauer; Royce Bradley; John Hoke; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TURBINE ENGINE DIV
|
| Over the past two decades, several fuels have been tested in pulsed detonation engines (PDEs) throughout the world. This research focuses on developing a baseline set of ignition and detonation performance measures for six distinct fuels in air: Hydrogen, ethylene, propane, aviation gasoline (avgas), JP-8, and Fischer-Tropsch JP-8 (S-8). To quantify the ignition and detonation performance, four parameters are examined: Ignition time, deflagration- to-detonation transition (DDT) time, DDT distance, and ... |
|
| Optimal Aircraft Routing in a Constrained Path-Dependent Environment |
SEP 2007 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
III Karczewski Norbert J.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In this thesis, we present a method of automatically generating a route of flight for an aircraft, or a group of aircraft flying in formation, from an origin to a destination in the presence of threats. The threats encountered at a point of the route are a function of the route used to arrive there. The route is constrained by limits on one or more resources, such as fuel and ... |
|
| Gaining Control of Iraq's Shadow Economy |
SEP 2007 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
David S. Ramirez; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Four and a half years after freeing Iraqi citizens from a ruthless dictatorship, the country is still mired in poverty, corruption and insurgent violence. These conditions fuel a sprawling, decades-old shadow economy manipulated by elements of organized crime, militias, and insurgents to fund attacks on Coalition forces, infrastructure and innocent Iraqi civilians. The shadow economy is also used extensively by the poor and women for subsistence living. The combined effect ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
FUELS
