| Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America: An Overview and Selected Issues |
27-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
M A Villarreal; Jennifer E Lake; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) is a trilateral initiative that was launched in March 2005 to increase cooperation and information sharing for the purpose of increasing and enhancing security and prosperity in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The SPP is a government initiative that was endorsed by the leaders of the three countries, but it is not a signed agreement or treaty and, therefore, contains ... |
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| Assistance to North Korea |
20-May-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Mark E Manyin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Since 1995, the United States has provided North Korea with over $1.2 billion in assistance, about 60% of which has paid for food aid and about 40% for energy assistance. U.S. aid fell significantly in the mid-2000s, bottoming out at zero in 2006. The Bush Administration resumed energy aid in the fall of 2007, after progress was made in the Six-Party Talks over North Koreas nuclear program. The Six-Party Talks ... |
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| Cuba: Issues for 111th Congress |
14-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mark P Sullivan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Cuba, which remains a hard-line communist state with a poor record on human rights, commemorated the 50th anniversary of its revolution on January 1, 2009. Cuba's political succession from the long-ruling Fidel Castro to his brother Raul in 2006 was characterized by a remarkable degree of stability. After Raul Castro officially assumed the presidency in February 2008, his government announced a series of economic changes that included lifting restrictions on ... |
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| Assistance to North Korea |
02-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Mark E Manyin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since 1995, the United States has provided North Korea with over $1.2 billion in assistance, about 60% of which has paid for food aid and about 40% for energy assistance. U.S. aid fell significantly in the mid-2000s, bottoming out at zero in 2006. The United States also provides technical assistance to North Korea to help in the nuclear disablement process, a role that could be expanded should North Korea move ... |
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| Zimbabwe |
01-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Lauren Ploch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| President Mugabe's government has been seen in the past decade as autocratic and repressive by its critics, and its human rights record is poor. The government has suppressed freedom of speech and assembly, and many contend that the government has restricted access to food, already scarce, in opposition areas. The MDC, divided over how to respond, split into two factions in 2005, hampering its ability to challenge the ruling party. ... |
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| Bactericidal Efficacy of Sanitizers Produced by Commercial Water Treatment Generators |
Apr-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
CLAIRE LEE; Edmund M Powers; Joshua Magnone; Chad Haering; POWERS (EDMUND M) CO FRAMINGHAM MA
|
 | Five commercial water sanitizer generators were tested, by the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), for bactericidal efficacy of their sanitizer on stainless steel surfaces. Sanitizers generated were Acid Electrolyzed Water (AEW), hydrogen peroxide, mixed oxidants, and ozone. Manually produced chlorine dioxide was also tested. Surfaces were inoculated with three strain cocktails of S. aureus and E.coli, dried and then immersed in a solution of each ... |
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| NRL/NAVSEA Research and Related |
30-Mar-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Shelby F Thames; James W Rawlins; Lon Mathias; Kenneth Mauritz; Sergei Nazarenko; Robson F Storey; Marek Urban; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI HATTIESBURG
|
| Waterborne, very low volatile organic compound (VOC) content Navy haze gray (NHG) coatings were developed using vegetable oil macromonomer (VOMM)-based latexes. The coatings successfully met the requirements of specifications MIL-PRF-24635C and MIL-PRF-24569A. The monomer and latex syntheses were scaled up to prepare 20 gallons of the NHG coating, which was shipped to two Florida locations, Pentech and NRL, for evaluation on December 2, 2008. AFM characterization techniques developed to track ... |
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| Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries |
30-Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Carolyn V Torsell; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| This report summarizes principal federal disaster assistance programs for possible use by Members of Congress and their staffs in helping address the needs of constituents. A number of federal agencies provide assistance to individual victims; state, territorial, and local governments; and nongovernmental entities, following a disaster. The Federal forms of assistance include grants, loans, loan guarantees, temporary housing, and counseling. The programs summarized in this report fall into two broad ... |
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| Opportunities to Improve Management of the Quick Response Fund |
29-Jan-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Nancee K Needham; David R Warren; Frank W Slayton; Walter J Franzen; W R Gentry; OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ARLINGTON VA SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
|
| The Quick Response Fund program (QRF) was created by the Department of State (DoS) in 2007 to allow Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Iraq to support initiatives that promote efforts by community-based leaders and organizations to improve their communities' access to public services, economic opportunities, employment, and education. The U.S. Embassy's Office of Provincial Affairs (OPA) reviews and selects projects and either OPA or the U.S. Agency for International Development ... |
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| MASLOW: The First Step in Coin |
06-Jan-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony A King; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| Since 11 September 2001, the American military has been learning important lessons on how to fight among the populace of another country in military operations most commonly known as counterinsurgency operations, or COIN. These lessons have resulted in the re-writing of the counterinsurgency manual (MCWP 3-33.5), the institution of several initiatives centered on cultural training, and new successes in COIN operations. Cultural considerations are vital in earning the trust of ... |
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| Human Security Concept: The Root of U.S. National Security and Foreign Policy |
Jan-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen L Cosby; MARINE CORPS COMBAT DEVELOPMENT COMMAND QUANTICO VA
|
| The concept of human security Was first defined by the UN Development Program (uNDP) in 1994.. It was defined as the security of persons in seven domains: economic security (assured basic income); food security (physical and economic access to food); health security (relative freedom from disease and infection); environmental security (access to sanitary water supply, clean air and a non-degraded land system); personal security (security from physical , violence and ... |
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| The Assessment of a Novel In Situ Forming Wound Dressing for Military Use |
Dec-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sameer Shums; John Jackson; Arthur Lu; Xiaowen Zhai; Thomas Hirt; Fiona Carney; BIOCURE INC NORCROSS GA
|
| Presented is an evaluation of the biocompatibility and physical properties of a novel hydrogel which cures in situ to form an effective wound dressing. This dressing has the capability of meeting the needs of both the far forward soldier and for use in hospital settings. The GelSpray(Trademark) product platform was developed by BioCure, Inc. [Norcross, GA.] in concert with the Center for Military Biomaterials Research (CeMBR). The GelSpray(Trademark) formulation has ... |
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| Development of a Portable DNA Sensor System |
Dec-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J J Sumner; P Freudenthal; C D Meinhart; H T Soh; K W Plaxco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| A fully-integrated, palmtop, field-portable DNA analyzer that is capable of responding within 30 minutes to a sample of as little as three strands of DNA will enhance the survivability of the warfighter. This technology has been sponsored through the Institute of Collaborative Biotechnologies and was lead by Nanex LLC with co-investigators from the US Army Research Laboratory and the University of California, Santa Barbara. This analyzer will not sacrifice selectivity ... |
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| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
16-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used heavily by the Department of Defense (DOD) and related industries, perchlorate also occurs naturally and is present in some organic fertilizer. This soluble, persistent compound has been detected in drinking water supplies, especially in California. It also has been found in milk and many foods. Because of this widespread occurrence, concern over the potential ... |
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| China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy |
09-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China relations were remarkably smooth for much of the George W. Bush Administration, although there are signs that U.S. China policy now is subject to competing reassessments. State Department officials in 2005 unveiled what they said was a new framework for the relationship with the United States willing to work cooperatively with China while encouraging Beijing to become a responsible stakeholder in the global system. U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson ... |
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| Haiti: Legislative Responses to the Food Crisis and Related Development Challenges |
02-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Clare R Seelke; J F Hornbeck; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Haiti faces several interrelated challenges, the most immediate being a lingering food crisis that in April 2008 led to deadly protests and the ouster of Haiti's prime minister. Haiti also suffers from a legacy of poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment that is compounding security problems for its new and fragile democracy. On May 23, 2008, the Bush Administration announced that it would send an additional $25 million in emergency food aid ... |
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| Military Uniform Procurement: Questions and Answers |
02-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Valerie B Grasso; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Military uniforms are procured through the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), an agency of the Department of Defense (DOD). DLA is DOD's largest combat support agency, providing worldwide logistics support for the United States (U.S.) military services, civilian agencies, and foreign countries. With headquarters in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, DLA operates three supply centers, one of which is the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia (DSCP), in Philadelphia, PA. DSCP is responsible for procuring ... |
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| Zimbabwe: 2008 Elections and Implications for U.S. Policy |
26-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Lauren Ploch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On March 29, 2008, Zimbabwe held presidential, parliamentary and local elections. Months later, the country's political future remains uncertain. For the first time since independence, the ruling party has lost its majority in the National Assembly. After a month of rising tensions, the results of the presidential race were belatedly announced on May 2. They indicated that opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai had received more votes than the incumbent, President Robert ... |
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| Health and Safety Concerns Over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview |
22-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| China is a major source of U.S. imports of consumer products (such as toys) and an increasingly important supplier of various food products. Reports of unsafe seafood, pet food, toys, tires, and other products imported from China over the past year or so have raised concern in the United States over the health, safety, and quality of imported Chinese products. This report provides an overview of this issue and implications ... |
|
| China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy |
23-Jul-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kerry Dumbaugh; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China relations were remarkably smooth for much of the George W. Bush Administration, although there are signs that U.S. China policy now is subject to competing reassessments. State Department officials in 2005 unveiled what they said was a new framework for the relationship with the United States willing to work cooperatively with China while encouraging Beijing to become a responsible stakeholder in the global system. U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson ... |
|
| Effects of Indomethacin and Buprenorphine Analgesia on the Postoperative Recovery of Mice |
01-Jul-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
M D Blaha; L R Leon; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Buprenorphine (Bup) is the most commonly used analgesic in mice, yet few objective assessments address its superiority for postsurgical recovery. In mice, IP implantation of a radiotelemetry device induces decreases in body weight (BW), food and water intake (FI, WI), core temperature (Tc), and activity levels that persist approximately 14 d in the absence of analgesia. To compare the efficacy of (Bup with that of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug indomethacin ... |
|
| Zimbabwe: 2008 Elections and Implications for U.S. Policy |
22-May-2008 |
|
| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On March 29, 2008, Zimbabwe held presidential, parliamentary and local elections. More than a month later, the country's political future remains uncertain. For the first time since independence, the ruling party has lost its majority in the National Assembly. After a month of rising tensions, the results of the presidential race were belatedly announced on May 2. They indicated that opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai had received more votes than the ... |
|
| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
19-May-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Frank Gottron; Jim Monke; Dana A Shea; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases. Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| Second FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes |
08 MAY 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen Daggett; Susan B. Epstein; Rhoda Margesson; Curt Tarnoff; Pat Towell; Catherine Dale; Shannon S. Loane; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| After planning to bring up a bill on May 8, the House has put off floor consideration of a measure to provide FY2008 and FY2009 supplemental appropriations for overseas military operations, international affairs, and domestic programs. As described by the House Appropriations Committee on May 7, the draft bill provides $183.7 billion in discretionary appropriations in FY2008 and FY2009. The bill also includes an expansion of veterans' education benefits at ... |
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| Cancer Mortality in Populations in Kazakhstan Subjected to Irradiation from Nuclear Weapons Testing in China |
01-May-2008 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
B I Gusev; N N Kurakina; A Kh Sekerbaev; ITT CORP ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DIV
|
| From 1964 to 1981, 24 surface and atmospheric nuclear explosions were conducted in China at the Lop Nor Test Site. As a result of these tests, freshly produced fission products appeared in objects in the environment and in milk in the population points of the Makanchy, Urdzhar, and Taskesken Districts of the Semipalatinsk Province, Kazakhstan, located 900-1,100 km away from the Chinese Test Site. The contamination levels varied within very ... |
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| International Food Security: Insufficient Efforts by Host Governments and Donors Threaten Progress to Halve Hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2015 |
MAY 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas Melito; Phillip J. Thomas; Carol Bray; Ming Chen; Debbie Chung; Martin De Alteriis; Leah DeWolf; Mark Dowling; Etana Finkler; Melinda Hudson Acknowledgments; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Persistent food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily due to several factors, including low agricultural productivity, limited rural development, government policy disincentives, and the impact of poor health on the agricultural workforce. Additional factors, including rising global commodity prices and climate change, will likely further exacerbate food insecurity in the region. The gap between the average grain yield in sub- Saharan Africa compared with the rest of the world's developing ... |
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| The Berry Amendment: Requiring Defense Procurement to Come from Domestic Sources |
30 APR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Valerie B. Grasso; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| To protect the U.S. industrial base during periods of adversity and war, Congress passed domestic source restrictions as part of the 1941 Fifth Supplemental Department of Defense (DoD) Appropriations Act; these provisions later became the Berry Amendment. The Berry Amendment requires DoD to give preference in procurement to domestically produced, manufactured, or home-grown products, notably food, clothing, fabrics, and specialty metals. The Berry Amendment (Title 10 U.S.C. Section 2533a) contains ... |
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| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
03 APR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| Targeting Mucosal Dendritic Cells with Microbial Antigens from Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria |
01 MAR 2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Mansour Mohamadzadeh; Tri Duong; Timothy Hoover; Todd Klaenhammer; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Using vaccines against infectious microbes has been critical to the advancement of medicine. Various vaccine strategies combined with or without adjuvants have been established to eradicate various bacterial and viral pathogens. A new generation of vaccines is being developed using specific strains of the gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, and notably some probiotic lactobacilli. These bacteria have been safely consumed by humans for centuries in fermented foods. Therefore, they can be ... |
|
| Development of a Biosensor for Identifying Novel Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals |
FEB 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Laurel J. Standley; SILENT SPRING INST INC NEWTON MA
|
| Substantial evidence indicates that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) particularly those that interact with the estrogen receptor may play a role in reproduction and hormonal cancers in humans and animals. EDCs can mimic or alter the action of the endogenous hormones, which have been shown to affect the reproductive and endocrine systems of mammals and reptiles. EDCs are found in food, water, air, and consumer products and originate from pharmaceutical, industrial, ... |
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| Avian Flu Pandemic: Potential Impact of Trade Disruptions |
03 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Danielle Langton; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Concerns about potential disruptions in U.S. trade flows due to a global health or security crisis are not new. The possibility of an avian flu pandemic with consequences for global trade is a concern that has received attention recently, although some experts believe there is little cause for alarm. Experts disagree on the likelihood of an avian flu pandemic developing at all. This report considers possible trade disruptions, including possible ... |
|
| Diel Variation in Beaked Whale Diving Behavior |
01 JAN 2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Robin Baird; Daniel L. Webster; Gregory S. Schorr; Daniel J. McSweeney; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Diel variation in beaked whale diving behavior is investigated using data from time-depth recorders deployed on six Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and two Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris) beaked whales. Deep foraging dives (>800 m) occurred at similar rates during the day and night for Blainville's beaked whales (daymean=0.38 h-1; nightmean=0.46 h-1), and there were no significant diel differences in depths, durations, ascent or descent rates for deep dives. Dives to mid-water depths ... |
|
| A Perfect Storm: The Dynamics Confronting U.S. Agribusiness |
01-Jan-2008 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| Linked by a series of converging forces, the long-standing imperatives of sustaining and safeguarding people have become more closely coupled than at any time in history. The U.S. agribusiness industry, a vast and technologically-advanced enterprise, is the secret behind America's ability to feed its own people, and indeed much of the world. Across the U.S., agriculture-related businesses generate more than 13 percent of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employ ... |
|
| Evaluation of Orally Delivered ST-246 as Postexposure Prophylactic and Antiviral Therapeutic in an Aerosolized Rabbitpox Rabbit Model |
01-Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Aysegul Nalca; Josh M Hatkin; Nicole L Garza; Donald K Nichols; Sarah W Norris; Dennis E Hruby; Robert Jordan; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Orthopoxviruses, such as variola and monkeypox viruses, can cause severe disease in humans when delivered by the aerosol route, and thus represent significant threats to both military and civilian populations. Currently, there are no antiviral therapies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat smallpox or monkeypox infection. In this study, we showed that administration of the antiviral compound ST-246 to rabbits by oral gavage, once daily ... |
|
| Equine Risk Assessment for Insecticides Used in Adult Mosquito Management |
Jan-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Schleier; Jerome J III; Paula A Macedo; Leslie M Shama; Ryan S Davis; Robert D Peterson; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN
|
| Since West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York City in 1999, it has subsequently spread through the Americas, creating human and animal health risks. Our equine risk assessment focused on three pyrethroid insecticides (phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin), pyrethrins, and two organophosphate insecticides (malathion and naled). Piperonyl butoxide, a synergist commonly used in pyrethroids, was also assessed. The objective was to use deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment methodologies to ... |
|
| Zimbabwe |
06-Dec-2007 |
|
| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Zimbabwe's prospects appeared promising in 1980, as it gained independence after a long liberation war. The country exhibited steady economic growth, enabling the new government to provide free education and widespread access to health care. Challenges grew in the 1990s, however. Rising inflation and unemployment bred discontent, as evidenced by regular student and labor protests, and led in 1999 to the formation of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). ... |
|
| Agricultural Terrorism (Agroterror) and Escalation Theory |
DEC 2007 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Aeneas R. Gooding; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The debate about whether sub-state actors have an interest in conducting a WMD attack using chemical or biological weapons is embedded within escalation theory, which holds that in order to maintain credibility terrorist groups must demonstrate a continued ability to conduct operations and inflict significant numbers of casualties on their enemy, maintaining a consistent, if not escalating, level of violence. This thesis uses E. coli in produce and foot and ... |
|
| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
15 NOV 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| Floodplain Wetlands as Nurseries for Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix: A Conceptual Model for Use in Managing Local Populations |
NOV 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Krista A. Varble; Jan J. Hoover; Steven G. George; Catherine E. Murphy; K. J. Killgore; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This study summarizes recent observations of silver carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, in small wetlands of the Lower Mississippi River and suggests management actions for their control based on wetland hydrology and pattern of fish movements. |
|
| North Korean Refugees in China and Human Rights Issues: International Response and U.S. Policy Options |
26 SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Rhoda Margesson; Emma Chanlett-Avery; Andorra Bruno; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| North Koreans have been crossing the border into China, many in search of refuge, since the height of North Korea s famine in the 1990s. The State Department estimates that 30,000-50,000 North Korean refugees currently live in China (some non-governmental organizations estimate the number is closer to 300,000) and believes those who are repatriated may face punishment ranging from a few months of labor correction to execution. A number of ... |
|
| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
10 SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
04 SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| Health and Safety Concerns over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview |
28 AUG 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Wayne M. Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| China is the second largest source of U.S. imports, a major supplier of consumer products (such as toys), and an increasingly important supplier of various food products. Reports of unsafe seafood, pet food, toys, tires, and other products imported from China over the past year have raised concern in the United States over the health, safety, and quality of imported Chinese products. This report provides an overview of this issue ... |
|
| China-U.S. Trade Issues |
11 JUL 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Wayne M. Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. Total U.S.-China trade, which totaled only $5 billion in 1980, rose to $343 billion in 2006. China is now the 2nd largest U.S. trading partner, its 2nd largest source of U.S. imports, and its 4th largest export market. With a huge population and a rapidly expanding economy, China is a potentially huge market for U.S. exporters. However, economic relations ... |
|
| A Population-Based Study of Dietary Acrylamide and Prostate Cancer Risk |
JUN 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Hans-Olov Adami; KAROLINSKA INST STOCKHOLM (SWEDEN)
|
| The aim of this study is to determine whether intake of foods found to have high levels of acrylamide increase the risk of prostate cancer among men. Methods: A population-based case-control study on prostate cancer. The exposure to acrylamide was estimated by using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and by hemoglobin adducts in blood. Results: The intake of acrylamide and adduct levels are in line with previous studies, but there ... |
|
| Vaccination of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients with Carbohydrate Mimicking Peptides |
MAY 2007 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Kieber-Emmons; ARKANSAS UNIV FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES LITTLE ROCK
|
| The expression of the Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens such as the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY) and gangliosides such as GM2 and GD2IGD3 are amplified on breast cancer cells and is linked to poor prognosis and high risk of disease relapse. Immunotherapy to direct responses to TACA is therefore perceived to be of clinical benefit. To overcome this deficiency we developed mimotopes of TACA to induce more robust cross-reactive and ... |
|
| Agriculture and Food: Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources Sector-Specific Plan as Input to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan |
MAY 2007 |
251 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Protecting the Nation's agriculture and food critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) is an important responsibility shared by Federal, State, local, and tribal governments and private industry. Because of the open nature of many portions of the Food and Agriculture Sector, attacks against the Nation by using food or agricultural infrastructure or resources as weapons could have a devastating impact on public health and the economy. Traditional physical security practices ... |
|
| Ending the Conflict in Iraq -- Is Partition the Answer? |
30-Apr-2007 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
David W Riggins; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN INST FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
|
| This paper examines current and recent literature on the employment of partition within conflict-laden nations as a means of ending hostilities and promoting long-term peace. This framework is then used to explore the situation in Iraq and answer the question put forth in the paper's title. In November 2005, the National Security Council published the National Strategy for Victory in Iraq, which broadly lays out the U.S. policy for helping ... |
|
| Polyphenols and Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention |
APR 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Coral A. Lamartiniere; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
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| Asians consuming a diet high in soy products have reduced incidence of clinically manifested prostate cancers. Likewise, Asians have a long history of drinking tea. Significant components of these two staples of the traditional Asian diet are the polyphenolic compounds. The primary polyphenols associated with prostate chemoprevention are the soy isoflavone, genistein, and the tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Another polyphenol that has recently received attention as a cancer suppressor is ... |
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| In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Cost and Performance Report |
MAR 2007 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Lutes Mr. Chris; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
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| Chlorinated solvent contamination of groundwater is a widespread problem at many military and civilian facilities. This class of compounds includes widely used chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene. In addition to their roles in many industrial processes, CAHs have been used extensively for cleaning and degreasing. The U.S. Armed Forces are faced with widespread, costly remediation problems related to these compounds. ... |
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