| Genesis of Infrared Decoy Flares: The Early Years from 1950 into the 1970s. First Edition |
26-Jan-2009 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard E Douda; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CRANE DIV IN
|
 | The evolution of decoy flares did not follow a direct or pre-planned path. Instead, the development was influenced by many factors and requirements existing at the time. One of the most important of these is that the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), Inyokern China Lake, California had an assigned mission to develop rockets and missiles. This mission became the basis for the requirement that drove flare developments. Fortunately there were ... |
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| Ultrasound Imaging of Breast Cancer |
Jul-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Paul W Erhardt; TOLEDO UNIV OH
|
| The synthesis of the final target probe compound has been accomplished on a scale that should be large enough for initial biological testing. While attempts to finalize an in vitro cell culture assay for enhancement of ultrasound images are still ongoing, we have been able to generate spheroids with our experimental cell lines, perfect our gel matrix for in vitro testing, and detect our cells in this system using a ... |
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| Ultrasound Imaging of Breast Cancer |
JUL 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul W. Erhardt; TOLEDO UNIV OH
|
| The synthesis of the fully-protected version of the target probe compound (i.e. its penultimate intermediate) has been accomplished on a scale that should be large enough to yield the desired amount of the final product. Attempts to develop an in vitro, cell culture assay for enhancement of ultrasound images have not yet been successful. |
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| The Supreme Court's Climate Change Decision: Massachusetts v. EPA |
18 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Robert Meltz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | On April 2, 2007, the Supreme Court handed down "Massachusetts v. EPA," its first pronouncement on climate change. By 5-4, the Court held the following: (1) Massachusetts had standing to sue, (2) Section 202 of the Clean Air Act authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate emissions from new motor vehicles on the basis of their possible climate change impacts, and (3) Section 202 does not authorize EPA to ... |
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| The Dissociative Recombination of Fluorocarbon Ions III: CF2+ and CF3+ |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
A. Ehlerding; A. A. Viggiano; F. Hellberg; R. D. Thomas; V. Zhaunerchyk; W. D. Geppert; H. Montaigne; M. Kaminska; F. Osterdahl; M. af Ugglas; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE WEATHER CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
|
| Cross sections and branching ratios are presented for the dissociative recombination of the CF2+ and CF3+ ions with electrons. It is found that the channel producing CF + F is dominant for the reaction with CF2+ and the production of CF2 + F is dominant for the reaction with CF3+. The cross sections for these two ions are very similar. |
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| Electron Attachment and Detachment, and the Electron Affinities of C(5)F(5)N and C(5)HF(4)N |
19 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jane M. Van Doren; Donna M. Kerr; Thomas M. Miller; A. A. Viggiano; COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS WORCESTER MA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Rate constants have been measured for electron attachment to C5F5N (297-433 K) and to 2,3,5,6-C5HF4N (303K) using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus (at a He gas pressure of 133 Pa). In both cases only the parent anion was formed in the attachment process. The attachment rate constants measured at room temperature are 1.8 plus or minus 0.5 x 10(exp -7) and 7 plus or minus 3 x 10(exp -10)cu cm/s, respectively. ... |
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| Interaction of Candidate Cleaning Solutions for Sensitive Equipment Decontamination With Polymeric Materials |
17 AUG 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Brian S. Ince; Wendel J. Shuely; SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMANDABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Chemical-polymer compatibility is an important criterion for the cleaning, decontamination, and extraction of hazardous chemicals from sensitive equipment (electronics, optics, and other advanced polymeric materials). Candidate cleaning fluids for sensitive equipment include fluorocarbons and supercritical fluids. The initial evaluation strategy involves the measurement of the sorption and desorption diffusion coefficients of the candidate cleaning fluid in a spectrum of polymer compositions. The objective was to characterize the complete desorption process ... |
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| Determination of Mechanical and Surface Properties of Semicrystalline Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites |
02 AUG 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Laura E. Moody; Darrell Marchant; Wade W. Grabow; Andre Y. Lee; Joseph M. Mabry; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes are three dimensionally precise silicon/oxygen nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be tailored to maximize the interactions between the POSS compounds and the polymer by the modification of the organic groups surrounding the inorganic cage. This study examines the ability of POSS to improve the mechanical and surface properties of three semicrystalline polymers, fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and isotactic polypropylene (PP). The POSS materials used included methyl(sub-8)T(sub-8) ... |
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| Adenosine Receptor Agonist Pd 81,723 Protects Against Seizure/Status Epilepticus and Neuropathology Following Organophosphate Exposure |
17 NOV 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jaimee R. Compton; Stacy M. Crawford; Ruthie H. Ratcliffe; Keith H. Steele; Richard K. Gordon; Madhusoodana P. Nambiar; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| A novel approach to broad-specificity medical countermeasure against chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) poisoning is by preventing excessive accumulation of ACh attributable to AChE inhibition of CWNA exposure. The effectiveness of various partial adenosine A1 receptor agonists as post-CWNA exposure (1 hour) neuroprotectants was investigated in the study using a rat seizure/status epilepticus model that employs the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate, a surrogate comparable to the nerve agent soman. Physiological data collected ... |
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| Enzymatic Decontamination of C/B Threat Materials: From Concept to Commercialization |
17 NOV 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Defrank; Steven P. Harvey; Vipin K. Rastogi; Tu-chen Cheng; Christopher S. Penet; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The ability of enzymes to hydrolyze and detoxify organophosphorus compounds goes back nearly 60 years to when Mazur published work with mammalian tissues conducted during World War II (Mazur, 1946). He determined that enzymatic activity in a variety of tissues could catalytically detoxify diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). More recently, a variety of enzymes with activity against G- and V-type nerve agents as well as organophosphorus pesticides have been identified from numerous sources, ... |
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| Technical Evaluation Report (HFM Panel Symposium) |
01 SEP 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Howard Champion; NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| In ground based tactical situations casualties can not be avoided. It is well documented that immediate haemostatic surgery can be life saving, and the most significant factor for survival is the time from injury to surgery. Late complications like septicemia and multi organ failure are in most cases sequelae of the initial hypo perfusion. In situations where evacuation will be delayed, the prehospital handling and management are of critical importance. ... |
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| European Symposium on Fluporine Chemistry, Pizbab (Poland) (14th). Self Assembly of ULtrahydrophobic |
15 JUL 2004 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Ashwani Vij; Joseph Mabry; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
|
| Toward Optically Monitored Cytosensors |
17 MAY 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Philip N. McFadden; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
|
| Fish scales display arrays of thousands of colored living cells known as chromatophores. In this study, the use of color changes in isolated lish scales was evaluated as a rapid warning signal for delayed neurotoxic agents. The focus was on detecting delayed effects of organophosphate nerve agents like sarin, though the less toxic diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) was used as a sirnulant. DFP caused rapid and long-lasting scale color changes. These signals ... |
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| Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion |
APR 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Dromsky; Bruce D. Spiess; Andres Fahlman; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER BETHESDA MD
|
| We examined an adjunctive treatment for severe decompression sickness (DCS) to be used when hyperbaric treatment is delayed or unavailable. Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that intravenous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion combined with 100% inspired O2 would improve the outcome in severe DCS. Methods: Swine (n = 45) were compressed to 4.9 ATA on air for 22 h and brought directly to 1 ATA at 0.9 ATA min 1. The animals ... |
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| Amphiphilic Nanocontainers for Binding and Catalysis |
20 DEC 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Sankaran Thayumanavan; TULANE UNIV NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| The objective of the proposed work is to achieve efficient phase transfer catalysis in fluorophase. For this purpose, we had developed a new dendrimer design that can potentially be used as the amphiphilic nanocontainer. Since dendrimers are too expensive to synthesize, we are approaching novel polymers as the target nanocontainers to achieve the required properties. The dendrimer design however provides an avenue for the fundamental studies. In this report, we ... |
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| POSS is not Just a Sphere: (Living Next Door to a Fluorine Chemist) |
05 MAR 2003 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Brent D. Viers; Joseph Mabry; Rene L. Gonzalez; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| This document is a report of POSS(Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane). |
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| Derivation of Navy Occupational Exposure Limits (OELS) for Two Solvent Compounds: Vertrel MCA and HFE-71DE |
MAR 2003 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Darryl P. Arfsten; Linda V. Kane; Warren W. Jederberg; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TOXICOLOGY DETACHMENT
|
| Currently the US Navy uses the solvent HFC-141b to clean hydraulic gauges in a semi-closed system prior to gauge calibration. The US Navy will not be able to use the solvent HFC-141b after 31 December 2002 because of a ban on its manufacture. The Navy is considering both Vertrel MCA and HFE-71DE as replacements for HFC-141b. Both solvents are azeotropic mixtures consisting of trans 1,2-DCE and either fluorocarbons or ethers ... |
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| Fluorinated POSS |
28 FEB 2003 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph M. Mabry; Patrick N. Ruth; Rusty L. Blanski; Rene Gonzalez; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| Fluorinated POSS may be useful to make spacecraft coatings resistant to atomic oxygen by forming a silica-like passivating layer. Fluorinated POSS may be useful in fluoropolymer seals and gaskets to increase mechanical strength and improve creep characteristics. Fluorinated POSS may also be useful to decrease surface energy in hydrophobic surfaces. |
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| Constraining the North Atlantic Circulation with Transient Tracer Observations |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Xingwen Li; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The capability of transient tracers to constrain the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic is explored. Study of an idealized tracer shows that inferences of circulation properties from transient state distributions are impacted by uncertainties in the time-varying boundary conditions and sparse data coverage. Comparison of CFC, tritium, temperature and salinity (T-S) observations with model results in the North Atlantic shows that regions of important model-data disagreements in the transient ... |
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| A Force-Detection NMR Sensor in CMOS-MEMS |
Jan-2003 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin M Frederick; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) on micro-liter samples using the Force Detection NMR (FDNMR) method will enable mobile and embedded detection of many elements without a multi-tesla superconducting magnet. This report presents a FDNMR sensor which has the ability to detect hydrogen of a 0.52 microliters water sample in a 1 tesla magnetic field. The sensor is a micromachined cantilevered paddle within a CMOS chip measuring 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm ... |
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| Thermal Management Research for Power Generation. Delivery Order 0002 - Volume 2: Closed-Loop Spray Cooling of High-Power Semiconductor Lasers |
DEC 2002 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Lanchao Lin; UES INC DAYTON OH
|
| A closed-loop spray cooling test setup is established for the cooling of high-power diode lasers. Eight miniature nozzles in a multinozzle plate are used to generated a spray array targeting at a 1 by 2 cm2 cooling surface. FC- 87, FC-72, methanol and water are used as the working fluids. Thermal performance data for the multinozzle spray cooling in the confined and closed system are obtained at various operating temperatures, ... |
|
| Organic-Inorganic Interactions in Hydrothermal Processing |
26 OCT 2002 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas B. Brill; DELAWARE UNIV NEWARK DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The effect of inorganic species alone and on organic reactions at hydrothermal conditions was being investigated. The method involves the use of real-time IR spectroscopy in a windowed flow reactor. The specific studies were directed at the water gas shift reaction below the critical temperature of water; the kinetics of decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl, sodium tetracarbonylcobaltate, and cyclopentadienyl cobalt dicarbonyl at hydrothermal conditions; decarboxylation and defluorination of trifluoroacetate and fluoroform; ... |
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| Wide Temperature Range Kinetics of Elementary Combustion Reactions for Army Models |
JUL 2002 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur Fontijn; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The goals of this program are to provide accurate kinetic data on isolated elementary reactions at temperatures relevant to Army combustion models, particularly for propellant combustion dark zones and also for development of halon replacements for fire retardation. Measurements have been made in high temperature photochemistry (HTP) reactors. Rate coefficient expressions over wide temperature ranges are reported for the reactions O+N2O -> O2+N2,N + N2O ->N2 + NO,O +CHF3 ->OH ... |
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| The Evaluation of Water Mist With and Without Nitrogen as an Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fire Suppression System |
FEB 2002 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Reinhardt; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ATLANTIC CITY NJ AIRPORT AND AIRCRAFT SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
|
| This report documents the full-scale evaluation tests of a water mist systerm with and without nitrogen that would be available from an onboard inert gas generation system (OEIGGS) against a series of standardized aircraft cargo fires. These evaluation tests followed the testing protocols specified in the Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems modified with a draft new protocol for an exploding aerosol can fire scenario ... |
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| Prevention of Organophosphorous Lethality with OPA Anhydrolase (OPAA-2) Containing Stealth Liposomes |
OCT 2001 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
James Leong-Way; TEXAS A AND M RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLLEGE STATION
|
| This research is focused on the use of various liposome-like drug carrier systems containing recombinant organophosphorus (OP) hydrolyzing enzymes (OPH = Organophosphorus Acid Hydrolase; OPAA = Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase) to prevent organophosphorus poisoning. The objective is to provide long term protection against OP intoxication by using OP-hydrolyzing enzymes with various liposome-based enzyme carrier Systems such as sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) and modified liposome-like carriers (NT). Present research is focused on: ... |
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| Tagging of Breast Tumors for Excision and Specimen Radiography and of Sentinel Nodes for Ultrasound-Guided Localization Using Novel Particulate Agents |
AUG 2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Mattrey; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| During the first year, we identified a radiopaque tumor-marking agent and optimized the dose. During the second year we worked on coloring the agent and worked on the second agent for sentinel node detection to improve upon the water-soluble dye. Scope: We could not color the radiopaque perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion but successfully suspended India Ink within it. The optimum dose of the mixture was injected in tumors. We followed the ... |
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| Free Volume and Percolation in S-SEBS and Fluorocarbon Proton Conducting Membranes |
01 JUL 2001 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
C. A. Edmondson; J. J. Fontanella; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD
|
| Electrical conductivity results at a variety of pressures, temperatures and water contents arc evaluated for sulfonated styrene/ethylene- butylene/styrene. (S-SEBS) triblock polymer, Nafion 117, and Dow 800 proton conducting membranes. In addition, room temperature and atmospheric pressure diffusion coefficients determined from conductivity and H1 pulsed gradient spin- echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies are considered. While the S-SEBS and fluorocarbons exhibit a percolation threshold at 10 and 4 wt-%, respectively, all ... |
|
| Conference Eighth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes |
APR 2001 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. Winslow; COMPLETE CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Partial contents: BLOOD SUBSTITUTES: CURRENT STATUS AND NEW CHALLENGES, OXYGEN SENSING AND OXYGEN-DEPENDENT GENE EXPRESSION, THE INTRINSIC STABILITY OF LIGANDED HEMOGLOBINS IS DESTABILIZED BY CHLORIDE: ROLE OF SITE- SPECIFIC INTRAMOLECULAR MICRODOMAINS, ADMINISTRATION OF FLUOROCARBON EMULSION REDUCES DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF A SICKLE TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL, SITE SPECIFIC SURFACE DECORATION OF HEMOGLOBIN-A WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL: CORRELATION BETWEEN INCREASED HYDRODYNAMIC VOLUME AND MASS OF PEG CONJUGATED, HYPERONCOTlC, HYPEROSMOTIC AND HYPEROSMOTIC/HYPERONCOTIC ... |
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| Transient Application, Recirculating Pool Fire, Agent Effectiveness Screen: Final Report, NGP Project 3A/890 |
APR 2001 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
William Grosshandler; Anthony Hamins; Kevin McGrattan; Cary Presser; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LAB
|
| In this study, a laboratory-scale facility has been developed to screen the suppression effectiveness of agents that are delivered in a transient fashion such as solid propellant gas generators. The transient application, recirculating pool fire (TARPF) agent effectiveness screen features a propane fire stabilized behind an obstruction, which is known to be a highly challenging suppression configuration. The character of the flame and the impact of the air flow, fuel ... |
|
| Viton GLT O-Ring Resilience Study |
15 MAR 2001 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
T. W. Giants; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA LAB OPERATIONS
|
| As part of an ongoing study of the resilience properties of O-ring materials made of Viton(registered), the properties of Viton GLT were compared with those of Viton B under comparable conditions. This study was the result of a contractor-proposed change in O-ring seal material. United Technologies Chemical Systems Division had proposed a change in the O-ring seal material used on the Titan solid rocket motor (SRM) clevis joint from Viton ... |
|
| Thermal Management Research Studies. Volume 2: Experimental Investigation of Oscillating Heat Pipes for Actuator Cooling |
MAR 2001 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Lin Lanchao; UES INC DAYTON OH
|
| Operation requirements of oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) were proposed. Based on the requirements, OHPs with acetone and nonflammable fluorocarbon fluids, FC-72 and FC-75, as the working fluid were developed. The OHPs had 40 tubing turns formed from a copper tubing with an inner diameter of 1.75 mm and a total length of 18.61 m. The OHPs were formed in the shape of a planer array that was 256-min wide and ... |
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| Inhalation Toxicologic Procedures for Exposure of Small Laboratory Animals to Highly Toxic Materials: Part B: Exposures to Aerosols with Notes on Toxicity of Ricin |
FEB 2001 |
|
| Authors:
R. W. Bide; D. J. Risk; M. F. Ladouceur; D. G. Beifus; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELDRALSTON (ALBERTA)
|
| The estimation of military hazard from toxic materials usually requires an estimate of the human toxicity. With expensive, rare and highly toxic substances, only small amounts of substance may be available for testing or safety considerations may restrict the amounts of material that may be used at one time. A functional modular system has been developed for the exposure of mice, rats and guinea pigs to highly toxic liquid, gas ... |
|
| Durable Fluorocarbon-Based Coatings for Aircraft |
NOV 2000 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Julke; Hajimu Kawa; EXFLUOR RESEARCH CORP ROUND ROCK TX
|
| New perfluoroalkyl-branched diols were synthesized. Polyols and polyesters were prepared from the perfluoroalkyl-branched diols. The branching perfluoroalkyl groups are expected to form a protective layer between the polymer backbone and the atmosphere. Thus, the fluorinated polyols and polyesters could be key ingredients for the development of durable for military aircraft. |
|
| Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems |
SEP 2000 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Reinhardt; David Blake; Timothy Marker; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION TECHNICAL CENTER ATLANTIC CITY NJ FIRE SAFETY SECTION
|
| This report documents the test results of the testing conducted during the development of a minimum performance standard for aircraft cargo compartment gaseous fire suppression systems. It also includes the final version of the standard. The development work was performed in conjunction with the International Halon Replacement Working Group. |
|
| Tagging of Breast Tumors for Excision and Specimen Radiography and of Sentinel Nodes for Ultrasound-Guided Localization Using Novel Particulate Agents |
AUG 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Robert F. Mattrey; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| Year 1, we identified a radiopaque tumor-marking agent and optimized the dose. This year we worked on coloring that agent and sentinel node detection. We could not color the radiopaque perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion, but successfully suspended India Ink within it. The optimum dose was then injected in tumors. We followed the black tract to locate/remove the tumor at 72-hours. The resected specimen was then radiographed. We worked on sentinel node ... |
|
| Inhalation Toxicologic Procedures for Exposure of Small Laboratory Animals to Highly Toxic Materials: Part A: Exposures to Gasses with Notes on theToxicity of PFIB |
JUN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
R. Bide; D. J. Risk; D. Beifus; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELDRALSTON (ALBERTA)
|
| The estimation of military hazard from toxic materials usually requires an estimate of the human toxicity. With expensive, rare and highly toxic substances, only small amounts of substance may be available for testing or safety considerations may restrict the amounts of material that may be used at one time. A functional system has been developed for the exposure of animals to highly toxic gas or ... |
|
| US Army Ground Vehicle Crew Compartment Halon Replacement Program |
2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Clauson; Steve McCormick; Hal Cross; ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE AND ARMAMENTS COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| Halon 1301 is used as the primary fire and explosion extinguishing material for a multitude of industrial and military applications. However, halons have very high ozone depleting potentials and their production was stopped in 1994 in most of the world. The Army's halon replacement program sought to identify and develop replacement technologies that will satisfy the performance and logistics requirements of fire protection for ground combat vehicles. Early investigations indicated ... |
|
| Impact of a Ventilated Hood on Heat Stress at High Relative Humidity |
05 AUG 1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Kaufman; Gregory Askew; Barry Shender; Kambiz Farahmand; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
|
| Heat stress is a major problem associated with use of encapsulating chemical protective garments. Metabolic and externally imposed heat loads can be degrade cognitive and physical performance and prove life-treating if not adequately extracted from within protective clothing ensembles. Two approaches have historically been used to actively remove heat from encapsulating clothing ensembles: (1) vapor phase cooling, where the heat transfer medium is a vapor such as air; and (2) ... |
|
| Effects of Pyridostigmine in Flinders Line Rats Differing in CholinergicSensitivity (AIBS GWI 0055) |
JUL 1999 |
206 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Overstreet; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| The present project had two major objectives. The first aim was to determine whether pyridostigmine would have differential effects on serum growth hormone in rats with differing cholinergic sensitivity. It was confirmed that the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats exhibited greater growth hormone responses to pyridostigmine than the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. However, there were no significant hypothermic effects of pyridostigmine, suggesting that the ... |
|
| Miscibility, Solubility, Viscosity, and Density Measurements for R-236eawith Four Different Exxon Lubricants |
JUN 1999 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
H. M. Kang; M. B. Pate; IOWA STATE UNIV AMES DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The report discusses miscibility, solubility, viscosity, and density data for the refrigerant hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236ea (or R-236ea) and four lubricants supplied by Exxon Corporation. Such data are needed to determine the suitability of refrigerant/lubricant combinations for use in refrigeration systems. The miscibility tests were performed in a test facility consisting of a series of miniature test cells submerged in a constant temperature bath, precisely controlled over ... |
|
| Fluorine-Containing Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers |
30 APR 1999 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Karen L. Wooley; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Macromolecular structures of varying architectures have been prepared and studied, in order to gain a fundamental understanding of the role of molecular parameters upon the properties of polymeric materials and to lead to the development of unique and advanced materials. Improved knowledge of the structural conformation, three-dimensional solid-state packing, and physical and mechanical properties of highly-branched polymers has been gathered through several means of investigation, each ... |
|
| Miscibility, Solubility, Viscosity, and Density Measurements for R-236fawith Potential Lubricants |
FEB 1999 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
H. M. Kang; M. B. Pate; IOWA STATE UNIV AMES
|
| Miscibility, solubility, viscosity, and density data are needed to determine the suitability of refrigerant/lubricant combinations for use in refrigeration systems. These property data have been obtained for HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) -236fa and two potential lubricants. The tested oils were a ISO68 pentaerythritol ester mixed-acid, hereafter referred to as Castrol SW-68 manufactured by Castrol, and a ISO46 polyol ester mixed-acid, hereafter referredto as Mobil Arctic-46 manufactured by Mobil. |
|
| Recent Results from the Dispersed Liquid Agent Fire Suppressant Screen |
1999 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jiann C. Yang; Nikki C. Prive; Michelle K. Donnelly; William L. Grosshandler; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LAB
|
| Most of the current methods for fire suppression efficiency screening (e.g., cup burners) are designed for evaluating gaseous fire suppression agents. Potential uses of liquid agents as halon replacements have been recently proposed in several applications (e.g., shipboard machinery spaces, engine compartments in armored vehicles). Under the auspices of the US Department Defense Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program (NGP), the National Institute of Standards and ... |
|
| Diode Laser Measurements of HF Concentrations from Heptane/Air Pan FiresExtinguished by FE-36 and FE-36 Plus Ammonium Polyphosphate |
1999 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
R. R. Skaggs; R. G. Daniel; A. W. Miziolek; K. L. McNesby; C. Herud; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36 or FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Recent advances in room temperature fiber coupled, near- infrared diode lasers provide isolation of the laser and signal processing electronics from the hostile sampling site. For the fires studied, the change ... |
|
| Fire Suppression Efficiency Screening Using a Counterflow Cylindrical Burner |
1999 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jiann C. Yang; Michelle K. Donnelly; Mikke Prive; William L. Grosshandler; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LAB
|
| The design and validation of a counterflow cylindrical burner for fire suppression efficiency screening are described. The stability limits of the burner were mapped using various fuel (propane) and oxidizer (air) flows. The stability envelopes compared favorably with those reported in the literature. The apparatus was characterized using inert gases (argon, helium, and nitrogen), and the relative fire suppression efficiency ranking of these three gases was found to be commensurate ... |
|
| On the Design of an Apparatus for Screening Liquid Fire Suppressants |
1999 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jiann C. Yang; Michelle K. Donnelly; Nikki Prive; William L. Grosshandler; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LAB
|
| This paper discusses the design and use of an apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of liquid fire suppression agents as possible replacement for halon 1301. The apparatus consists of a porous cylindrical burner located in the test section of a vertical wind tunnel and a droplet generation system. Liquid droplets are injected into the flow stream and entrained upward toward the burner for evaluation. The ... |
|
| Photoreductions in Aqueous Semiconductor Suspensions and Properties of Modified Polyacrylonitrile Films |
14 DEC 1998 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Calhoun Jr; AUBURN UNIV AL
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| Particles of the semiconductor titanium dioxide have been shown to heterogeneously catalyze the destruction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in both air saturated and degassed aqueous suspensions. The photoreduction of CFC-11 or R-11 (CCl3F) in this manner was studied over a range of initial R-11 concentrations, and UV light intensities. Kinetic determinations of the reduction progress were performed via ion-selective electrodes. The reduction takes place via radical chain mechanism which is eventually ... |
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| Allosteric Modifiers of Hemoglobin: Potential Applications in Red Cell Storage and Liposome-Encepsulated Hemoglobin Development |
30 NOV 1998 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas G. Burke; Stean Kruszeweki; Danzhou Yang; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON COLL OF PHARMACY
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| The overall objective of the research program is to develop allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin? that are effective in vivo. The ability of a novel agent 02-50, a trifluoromethyl substituted analog of LRl6, was found to strongly modulate the P10 value of purified hemoglobin. 02-50 displayed activity greater than that of LRl6. However, the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) strongly modulated the pharmacological properties of LRl6 and ... |
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| Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects in Monkeys of Low Level Exposures to Sarin, Pyridostigmine, Pesticides and Botulinum Toxoid |
OCT 1998 |
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| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE COLUMBUS OH
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| The primary objective of the research is to determine if exposures to low levels of sarin (GB) in combination with botulinum toxoid (BotTox) create health problems in rhesus monkeys. Secondarily, the effect of low-level sarin exposures on possible toxic effects produced by other compounds, especially chemicals that have mechanisms of toxicity similar to that of sarin, also is being investigated. Pilot studies are being performed to ... |
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| Chronic Organophosphorus Exposure and Cognition |
AUG 1998 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry J. Buccafusco; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA
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| Chronic, low-level exposure to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor organophosphorus (OP) insecticides or chemical warfare agents produces abnormalities in the function of brain acetylcholine (ACh) neurons, and in humans they may be associated with impaired cognitive function well after withdrawal from such exposure. The purpose of the present study was to identify the severity of cognitive impairment of rats and monkeys following protracted withdrawal from chronic, Low-level exposure to the OP agent ... |
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FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS
