| Characterization of the Effects of Fatigue on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Drug Therapies |
NOV 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Laura Mery; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO
|
 | This study aimed to establish a rat fatigue model to test fatigue countermeasures. The model focused on central fatigue. Central fatigue associated with sleep disruption may precede peripheral fatigue, and therefore may predict impaired performance earlier than peripheral fatigue. The modified flower pot method of sleep disruption was used to induce fatigue. This study utilized hippocampal dependant tasks, the radial arm maze and the Barnes maze, to characterize the effects ... |
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| Faigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) Phase II SBIR Final Report, Part 1 |
MAY 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas R. Eddy; Steven R. Hursh; NTI INC DAYTON OH
|
 | The purpose of the FAST(TradeMark) Phase II effort has been to enhance the SBIR product. This was accomplished by adding features to the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST(TradeMark)), which contains a highly researched and recognized model of human sleep and cognitive performance and by conducting studies to acquire new data and to valid the model perditions. The Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST(TradeMark)) allows a user to predict cognitive performance and ... |
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| Fundamentals of Shiftwork Scheduling |
APR 2006 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
James C. Miller; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
|
| This report is designed for use by managers, supervisors, shiftwork schedulers and employees. It defines the principles and components of a method of shiftwork scheduling for regular, cyclic shifts that can minimize fatigue effects in the workplace, The report scheduling approaches, assessment tools and examples. Subjects discussed include fatigue, safety, calendar arithmetic, circadian stability, the Principles of Chronohygiene, shiftwork satisfaction, the numbers of workers needed, the basic structure of shiftwork ... |
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| A Survey of Fatigue in Selected United States Air Force Shift Worker Populations |
MAR 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
William T. Thompson; Anthony P. Tvaryanas; TERRA HEALTH SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess fatigue in several United States Air Force (USAF) shift worker populations. An epidemiological cross-sectional survey of 172 USAF personnel was conducted from October 2004 to May 2005. The study sample was recruited from 4 different USAF populations using some form of shift work to include irregular, rotational, or fixed shifts. Self-reported average daily sleep and steep quality did not correlate with ... |
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| Air Force Shift Worker Fatigue Survey |
AUG 2005 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
James C. Miller; Scott D. Fisher; Christina M. Cardenas; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/BIODYNAMICS ANDPROTECTION DIV
|
| An Internet-based survey was conducted during the fall and winter of 2003-2004 to help assess the impact of shift worker fatigue on ground mishaps and operational errors. The survey was designed for those commanders, first sergeants, superintendents, supervisors, schedulers, and shift workers in 24/7 operations. In addition, aerospace physiologists, flight surgeons, chiefs of medical staff and wing ground safety personnel were asked to participate. Of the 9,242 respondent 5,890 were ... |
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| Sleep and Other Activities of Off Duty Pilots |
MAY 2005 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Mark S. Crabtree; Douglas R. Eddy; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| An exhaustive search of archives, reports, databases and publications was performed to locate research data that describe the activities of off-duty pilots as they prepare for night or long duration missions. An extensive review of relevant literature and reports generated by flight surgeons and by safety officers within the AF did not reveal information appropriate for generating an algorithm for predicting pilot sleep from the time of their mission. This ... |
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| Augmented Cognition: Amplification of Attention for Better Decision |
25 JAN 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Misha Pavel; OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIV BEAVERTON DEPT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The primary purpose of this project was to investigate the underlying principles for the future development of systems capable of estimating the cognitive state of an operator, the demands of the task, and the relevant environmental conditions. The cognitive state is estimated using physiological as well as behavioral measures. Examples of the physiological measures include EEG, heart rate, plethysmography, and galvanic skin response. The behavioral measures include performance on the ... |
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| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Shows Potential for Predicting Individual Differences in Fatigue Vulnerability |
JUN 2004 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Caldwell; Jennifer K. Smith; J. L. Caldwell; Qiwen Mu; Mark George; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/ BIODYNAMICS ANDPROTECTION DIV
|
| Fatigue from sleep loss exerts deleterious effects on group performance, and some individuals are more affected than others. Underlying pattern of cortical activation may partially account for such individual differences. The present research utilized fMRI procedures to examine the non- sleep-deprived cortical activation of a group of active-duty military pilots on whom the effects of sleep loss had previously been quantified& The pilots completed a Sternberg Working Memory Task (SWMT) ... |
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| Caffeinated Gum Maintains Vigilance, Marksmanship, and PVT Performance During a 55 Hour Field Trial |
2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
G. H. Kamimori; D. Johnson; G. Belenky; T. McLellan; D. Bell; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| In a 2001 report the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) stated that military personnel are often placed in unique situations in which extended alertness is required. This is most evident in situations involving sentry duty, radar monitoring, communications, long-range air support missions, and logistical supply requirements as well as in combat itself. In addition, personnel are often required to forgo sleep in order to meet mission requirements and this ... |
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| The DTIC Review- Consequenses of Combat (CD-ROM) |
2004 |
|
| Authors:
DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 73 files; HyperText Markup Language (.HTML), Adobe Acrobat (.PDF), and .JPG and .GIF images. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 181 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: ABSTRACT: Military personnel in war zones frequently have serious reactions to their traumatic war experiences. Sometimes the reactions continue after they return borne. Ongoing reactions to war-zone fear, horror, or helplessness are connected to posttraumatic stress and ... |
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| Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Acute and Delayed Neurodegenerative Consequences of Stress and Anticholinesterase Exposure |
AUG 2003 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Hermona Soreq; HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM (ISRAEL)
|
| The effect of stress and exposure to anti-cholinesterases on the cholinergic system were tested in vitro and in vivo. Rapid muscle fatigue was identified and electrophysiologically characterized in mice with elevated levels of AChE-S, the synaptic variant of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Anxiety responses were observed in mice that over-expressed the stress-associated variant, AChE-R. The binding partner of AChE-R in mouse neurons was identified as a component of the protein kinase-C signaling ... |
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| Fleet Battle Experiment Juliet Final Summary Report |
APR 2003 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley Gallup; Gordon Schacher; Jack Jensen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA (MEYER) INST OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
|
| Final Summary Report, Reconstruction and Analysis Report and Appendices of data collection, analysis and results from Fleet Battle Experiment Juliet (conducted July and August 2002). |
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| Enhanced Situation Awareness in Sea, Air and Land Environments |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
John Chiasson; Braden J. McGrath; Angus H. Rupert; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
| United States (US) military Special Forces teams currently use 2D visual displays for navigation information in the air, in water, and on the ground. These current displays demand the user 5 visual attention, which can compromise mission effectiveness, and using visual displays in low light visibility environments can cause fatigue, degrade performance, and compromise a clandestine situation. If navigation equipment that is dependent on visual displays were integrated with a ... |
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| Sleep/Wakefulness Management in Continuous/Sustained Operations |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
| To preserve a good level of vigilance and performance we have to respect our sleep wakefulness cycle. The sustained and continuous operations induce disturbances of this biological rhythm, such as sleep loss jet-lag... There is an antinomy between the physiological requirement and the operational requirement. To be able to continue the mission but also to preserve our security and the security of the crew we need an appropriate sleep-wakefulness management. ... |
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| An Overview of Sleep Deprivation and The Ameliorative Effects of Modafinil |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Ross A. Pigeau; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| An overview of total sleep deprivation is offered that attempts to sample the broad array of studies conducted in the area. A distinction is made between sleepiness and fatigue as explanations for the behavioural effects attributed to sleep loss. The first, sleepiness, concerns itself with the pressure to fall asleep that is moderated by circadian pressures, while the second, fatigue, addresses a hypothesized monotonic (more or less) degradation in capability ... |
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| Efficacy of Napping Strategies to Counter the Effects of Sleep Deprivation |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Caldwell; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| There is an abundance of evidence indicating that a nap taken during long periods of otherwise continuous wakefulness is extremely beneficial for improving alertness and performance (Bonnet, 1990; 1991; Dinges Whitehouse Orne and Orne 1988; Lorizio Terzano Parrino, Cesana, and Priore, 1990; Matsumoto and Harada, 1994; Rogers, Spencer, Stone, and Nicholson 1989; Rosa, 1993; Webb, 1987). However, scheduling naps is not a simple matter. Several factors are important to consider ... |
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| Fatigue in Aviation Sustained Operations, the Utility of Napping, and the Problem of Sleep Inertia |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
John A. Caldwell; Brian F. Frazinko; B. S. Caldwell; J. L. Caldwell; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Improperly managed aircrew fatigue can seriously degrade the performance alertness and safety of personnel in the operational environment. Fortunately this danger can be minimized by the use of carefully planned napping strategies. Naps are effective because they are known to reduce the homeostatic drive for sleep. In a variety of settings napping has been shown to produce several relatively long-lasting benefits. Unfortunately there is a down side to the countermeasure ... |
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| Placebo-Controlled Studies of Sustaining the Alertness and Flight Performance of Aviators with Dexedrine |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
J. A. Caldwell; K. K. Hall; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Dextroamphetanmine (Dexedrine) is a stimulant capable of temporarily reversing many of the effects of sleep deprivation. This report substantiates the efficacy of Dexedrine for aviation sustained operations. Specifically it is shown that this countermeasure maintains flight skills psychological mood and physiological activation in sleep-deprived pilots. Dexedrine's positive impact is not offset by marked disruptions In recovery sleep although "lighter sleep" was noted after the drug than after placebo. It is ... |
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| Wakening Substances: Caffeine (Substance eveillante: la cafeine) |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Didier LaGarde; Bruno Sicard; Francoise Chauffard; Maurice Beaumont; INSTITUT DE MEDECINE AEROSPATIALE DU SERVICE DE SANTE DES ARMEES CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
| Caffeine is the most widely used psychostimulant, whose acceptance, tolerance and side effects are well known. The development of a slow released (SRC) formulation optimizes caffeine as a fatigue and sleep deprivation counter-measure. Due to its pharmacokinetic properties (delayed T (sub max) and reduced C (sub max)), a single 300 mg SRC oral dose per day is effective to maintain alertness and performance, up to 45 hours in a total ... |
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| How to Alleviate Jet Lag/The Chronobiotic Substances (Comment reduire les effects du decalage horaire: les substances chronobioktiques) |
NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Didier LaGarde; Mauriace Beaumont; INSTITUT DE MEDECINE AEROSPATIALE DU SERVICE DE SANTE DES ARMEES CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
| The current operational concept relies upon sustained or continuous operations that demand 24-hour round-the-clock capability so that they need a high level of performances overnight and a good quality of sleep during short rest periods before working. Otherwise, numerous missions need air transportation across multiple time zones, making the personnel exposed to jet-lag desynchronosis. This results in sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness and performance impairment that tend to increase the hazard ... |
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| Noninvasive Detection of Microdamage in Bone |
OCT 2002 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dale R. Sumner; RUSH-PRESBYTERIAN-ST LUKE'S MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
|
| This concept exploration proposal seeks to determine if a novel x-ray technique called diffraction enhanced imaging, which provides dramatic gains in contrast over conventional radiography, can be used to identify microdamage in bone non-invasively. This technique has been used successfully in soft tissues, including recent studies by our group to detect damage in articular cartilage. Here, we plan to extend our work to studies relevant to microdamage accumulation and repair ... |
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| Drowsiness Warning and Driver Acceptance - a Simulator Experiment |
12 SEP 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Albert-jan Roskam; Dick de Waard; Karel Brookhuis; Everd Uneken; Serge Boverie; Alain Giralt; GRONINGEN RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT (NETHERLANDS) DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Driver's opinion on, and response to, a drowsiness warning system was studied in a driving simulator. Within-subject factor in the experiment was Vigilance' and had the values (conditions) fatigued' (directly after a night-shift) and vigilant'. The dependent variables were self-report measures and vehicle measures. Results show that in general workload and state assessment scales conformed the participants supposed state during each of the two conditions. Post-hoc comparisons were made for ... |
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| U.S. Coast Guard Guide for the Management of Crew Endurance Risk Factors - Version 1.0 |
MAY 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Carlos A. Comperatore; Anita M. Rothblum; Pik K. Rivera; Leonard C. Kingsley; Antonio B. Carvalhais; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| A ship's endurance depends on how long it can support operations at sea without replenishing supplies or requiring in-port maintenance. Similarly, crew endurance can be described as a function of physiological and psychological resources that support crew members ability to perform their jobs effectively. Recent studies of Coast Guard personnel on cutters, at small boat stations, and at air stations have shown that some of our traditional work practices can ... |
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| Acute Recovery of Physiological and Cognitive Function in U.S. Army Ranger Students in a Multistressor Field Environment |
01 MAR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Karl E. Friedl; Mary Z. Mays; Tim R. Kramer; Ronald L. Shippee; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The time course for soldier recovery and reentry to the battlefield following high intensity direct action missions is of importance to unit commanders and military planners. It also provides a critical background understanding for medical researchers investigating approaches to extend the limits of soldier physical and psychological endurance. This report summarizes findings for soldiers followed through two recovery periods, during and after, a prolonged exhaustive military activity, the U.S. Army ... |
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| Managing Fatigue in Long Duration Airlift Operations 1994 |
01 MAR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Jonathan French; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
|
| During September, 1994 the operational tempo for US Air Force C-5 transport crews was at a record high. Support flights were routinely sent to assist international efforts to bring peace to warring factions in Rwanda, Somalia and, in addition to their normal full time responsibilities, there were additional flights needed to reinstate the elected government in Haiti. I interviewed crews at Dover AFB to learn their perspectives of the sources ... |
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| The Effects of Exhaustive Military Activities in Man. The Performance of Small Isolated Military Units in Extreme Environmental Conditions |
01 MAR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Leif Vanggaard; ROYAL DANISH NAVY GENTOFTE (DENMARK) DANISH ARMED FORCES HEALTH SERVICES
|
| The aim of this article is to focus on selection criteria for duty in isolated areas, on factors relevant for such a duty, the importance and content of training, the role and duties of the back-up organization, and finally how this is accomplished in the operations of the Danish dog-sledge patrol in the Northernmost Arctic. Operating small isolated military units especially under extreme climatic conditions present a series of problems. ... |
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| Individual Differences in the Adaptability to Irregular Rest-Work Rhythms/Status of the Use of Drugs in Sleep-Wakefulness Management (Les Differences entre individus concernant les fac |
MAR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION BRUSSELS (BELGIUM)
|
| These proceedings include the Technical Evaluation Report, two Keynote Addresses and 20 solicited papers of the Workshop sponsored by the NATO Human Factors and Medicine Panel and held at the Scuola Navale Militare "Francesco Morosini" in Venice, Italy, from 3-4 June 1999. NATO Contingency Operations provide new challenges to military personnel's health, safety and performance. In fact, these operations are commonly characterized by the need ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Persian Gulf War Era Veterans |
DEC 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Roberta F. White; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Gulf War (PGW) veterans have reported a constellation of health symptoms referred to as "Gulf War Syndrome." Suggested causes of these symptoms include exposure to environmental hazards and biological or chemical warfare agents. Some of the symptoms reported overlap with those of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Both exposure to neurotoxicants and the disorders noted above ... |
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| The Relationship of Exercise to Fatigue and Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer |
AUG 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Anna L. Schwartz; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE
|
| Seventy-eight women with breast cancer have been entered in the study. All subjects received instruction to follow an eight-week, home-based exercise program. Two new analyses have been conducted. The first examined the effect of exercise on body weight in 78 subjects. Women who adhered to the exercise program maintained their body weight, while nonexercisers steadily gained weight (p |
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| GULF WAR ILLNESSES: Procedural and Reporting Improvements Are Needed in DoD's Investigative Processes |
FEB 1999 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| Many servicemembers who served in the Persian Gulf War have subsequently experienced health problems such as fatigue, muscle and joint pain, gastrointestinal complaints, headaches, memory loss, and sleep disturbances. Whether these health problems are related to these servicemembers' exposures to chemical, biological, or environmental agents during their Gulf War service has been a topic of much controversy. To ensure that all issues related to Gulf War ... |
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| Fatigue in Naval Tactical Aviators |
20 AUG 1998 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Diane Williams; Jackson Streeter; Tamsin Kelly; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Surveys were distributed to 78 tactical aviators in two groups to determine their sleeping habits and any problems with fatigue. All aircrews surveyed had completed a minimum of one fleet tour and included only Naval and Marine Corps aircrews in the F/A-18 and the F-14 communities. The results of the survey suggest that tactical aviators believe their job performance is compromised by fatigue. Tactical aviators in the first group indicated ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Persian Gulf War Era Veterans |
MAY 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Roberta F. White; BOSTON UNIV MA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Persian Gulf War (PGW) veterans have reported a constellation of health symptoms referred to as Gulf War Syndrome. Suggested causes of these symptoms include exposure to environmental hazards and biological or chemical warfare agents. Some of the symptoms reported overlap with those of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Both exposure to neurotoxicants and the disorders noted above are known to produce ... |
|
| United States Air Force Expeditionary Forces. Volume 3: Appendix 1 |
FEB 1998 |
390 pages |
| Authors:
V. Gavron; H. Taylor; J. Howe; R. Hughes; D. Stevens; SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD (AIR FORCE) WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study was produced by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). It was requested and approved by both the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Air Force. It summarizes the deliberations and conclusions of the study committee on providing an overall picture of the SAB concept for Aerospace Expeditionary Forces. Aerospace Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) are defined to be tailorable and rapidly employable air and space assets that provide ... |
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| The Efficacy of Hypnotic-Induced Prophylactic Naps for the Maintenance of Alertness and Performance in Sustained Operations |
FEB 97 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Caldwell Jr; Roger W. Jones; J. L. Caldwell; Jose A. Colon; Andre Pegues; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Army aviation units must be capable of sustained operations to achieve a tactical advantage over enemy forces. However, when adequate numbers of personnel are unavailable to staff all shifts 24 hours per day, cognitive efficiency, mood, and motivation rapidly deteriorate because of insufficient sleep. A solution for this problem may be the implementation of a prophylactic napping strategy which allows personnel to store a limited amount of sleep prior to ... |
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| Muscle Activity and Fatigue during Push-ups Performed by Women: An Electromyographic and Videographic Analysis of Fifteen Muscles |
APR 1996 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Michael D. Robinson; WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study sought to determine the primary muscles used by women during pushups and to establish differences in muscle firing patterns and utilization between elite and marginal performers Design: Cohort Analytic Study assessing differences in muscle activity and utilization during pushups between two groups of women at differing levels of ability. Participants : Sixty three women scoring in elite or marginal categories were enrolled. Main Outcome Measure: Video and intramuscular ... |
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| Micronutrient/Antioxidant Supplementation and Immune Function in Women: Effects of Physiological Stress |
APR 1996 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Anita Singh; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Immune responses to exercise after acute supplementation with zinc (25 mg Zn and 1.5 mg copper) and vitamin E (400 IU E) were evaluated in 10 eumenorrheic women. Subjects (age 32 + 1 years) were studied on three occasions: once per menstrual cycle, between days 5 and 8, after supplementation with Zn, E and a placebo (P). They ran at 65 to 70% of their maximal aerobic capacity to exhaustion ... |
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| The Effects of Differing Glycemic Index Meals on Substrate Utilization and Endurance Performance |
20 OCT 95 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Steve E. Black; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Few studies have investigated the effects of pre-exercise meals with differing glycemic responses on substrate utilization and endurance performance in subsequent exercise. Those few which have been done have looked at foods of limited application to a pre-exercise meal consumed prior to a morning event. This study investigated the effects of commonly eaten breakfast cereals on exercise performance. Ten physically active male subjects participated in this study. The subjects reported ... |
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| Blinks, Saccades, and Fixation Pauses During Vigilance Task Performance: 1. Time on Task |
DEC 94 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Stern; Donna Boyer; David Schroeder; Mark Touchstone; Nikolai Stoliarov; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| In the future, operators of complex equipment will spend more time monitoring computer controlled devices rather than having hands-on control of such equipment. The operator intervenes in system operation under "unusual" conditions or when there is a computer malfunction. The latter occurs relatively seldom. The operator's task thus becomes a "vigilance" task, one requiring attention to monitoring equipment with little need for action. An individual's ability to maintain vigilance is ... |
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| Battlefield Stress: Adequacy of U.S. Army Doctrine |
94 |
|
| Authors:
Paul A. Laski; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This study evaluates the adequacy of current U.S. Army doctrine for the control of battlefield stress. A framework for evaluation is developed from a review of the literature in the field of battlefield stress. This framework includes identification of the stressors in combat, normal and dysfunctional reactions to stressors, countermeasures for prevention of battlefield stress casualties, and a framework for treatment of battlefield stress casualties. Content analysis is used to ... |
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| Estimating Wartime Disease, Non-Battle Injury and Battle Reaction Casualties in the U.S. Air Force |
MAR 93 |
|
| Authors:
Danny J. Sharon; Ronald W. Shephard; BDM FEDERAL INC MCLEAN VA
|
| This paper presents the deliberations and conclusions of a series of USAF expert panels convened to derive a methodology and data for predicting the likely number of disease, non-battle injury (DNBI) and battle reaction casualties to be expected among U.S. Air Force personnel during future wartime operations. The information will support development of the DNBI module of the Threat Related Attrition (THREAT) System. Battle fatigue, Disease, Casualty estimation, DNBI, Combat ... |
|
| In-Flight Evaluation of Noise Levels and Assessment of Active Noise Reduction Systems in the Seahawk S-70B-2 Helicopter |
92 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
R. B. King; D. A. Foran; AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABS MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
|
| Cabin and at-ear sound spectra in the S-70B-2 at various crew positions and flight conditions were measured in order to determine the noise attenuation properties of the ALPHA helmet and the effectiveness of active noise reduction (ANR) systems developed by the Defence Research Agency-Aerospace Division (formerly the Royal Aerospace Establishment) and the BOSE Corporation. Results show that if newly proposed hearing conservation guidelines are adopted, aircrew wearing the ALPHA helmet ... |
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| Training, Muscle Fatigue, and Stress Fractures |
01 MAR 90 |
|
| Authors:
Clinton T. Rubin; TUFTS UNIV BOSTON MA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The stress fracture is one of the most frequent injuries in peacetime military populations, responsible for the military's greatest drain of both lost recruit time and medical resources. Unfortunately, not until we improve our understanding of the causative agents of this pathology can we expect to take effective measures in diminishing its appearance. Thus far, the studies we have undertaken have demonstrated that the origins of the lesion stem from ... |
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| Training, Muscle Fatigue and Stress Fractures |
25 JUL 89 |
|
| Authors:
Clinton A. Rubin; TUFTS UNIV NORTH GRAFTON MA MUSCULOSKELETAL RESEARCH LAB
|
| The stress fracture is one of the most frequent injuries in peacetime military populations, responsible for the military's greatest drain of both lost recruit time and medical resources. Unfortunately, not until we prove our understanding of the causative agents of this pathology can we expect to take effective measures in diminishing its appearance. Thus far, the studies we have undertaken have demonstrated that the origins of the lesion stem from ... |
|
| Training, Muscle Fatigue, and Stress Fractures |
15 JUL 88 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Clinton T. Rubin; TUFTS UNIV NORTH GRAFTON MA MUSCULOSKELETAL RESEARCH LAB
|
| The sharp rise in physical demands initiated during basic training all too frequently will precipitate stress fractures in the lower appendicular skeleton of new recruits. During peacetime, stress fractures are by far the most common physical injury in the military population, and are responsible for the military's greatest drain of both lost recruit time and medical expense. The objective of this three year research program is to study the etiology ... |
|
| Physical Fitness and Physical Performance during Continuous Field Artillery Operations |
APR 1987 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Patton; James A. Vogel; Andrew I. Damokosh; Robert P. Mello; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The purposes of this study were to 1) determine the effects of a continuous field artillery scenario on physical fitness capacity and performance, 2) relate physical capacity to task performance during the scenario, and 3) estimate the physical intensity of the scenario by continuous heart rate monitoring. Twenty-four artillerymen comprising three, 8-man guncrews participated in an 8-day, combat-simulated operation. Body composition and measures of fitness (isokinetic strength of the arms ... |
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| Physiological and Management Factors Affecting Field Productivity |
AUG 86 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur D. Ayars Jr; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
| Chapter 2 reviewed worker physiology and metabolism and the susceptability of the labor force to environmental conditions. The impact of temperature, altitude and air quality was discussed. The nature of task difficulty and posture as the affect the worker's ability to perform work was examined. Chapter 3 reviewed various management factors including leadership; participative decision making; planning, scheduling and communication; and motivation. The qualitities of a successful leader were discussed ... |
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| Combat Engineer Effectiveness in Sustained Operations |
24 JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
W. S. Myles; T. T. Romet; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| The effect of sleep deprivation and physical fatigue on self-paced work output was determined in two sustained combat engineer operations. In the first (Ripe Sapper), four subjects from 2 Combat Engineer Regiment went without sleep for 690 hours. During this period they performed only four physically demanding tasks, three of them in the last 24 hours. Continuous recordings of heart rate (HR) indicated that sleep deprivation, in the absence of ... |
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| Carbamate Induced Performance Decrement Restored with Diazepam and Atropine in Rats |
JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Candace B. Matthew; Roger W. Hubbard; Ralph P. Francesconi; Glenn J. Thomas; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| When rats (500g, male) are exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill, pretreatment with the carbamate physostigmine reduces endurance capacity. Our objective was to determine whether pharmacological intervention could reverse these decrements in performance. The following drugs were administered separately via tail vein: vehicle-control (C), atropine (200 ug/kg, A), diazepam (500 ug/kg, D), and physostigmine (200 ug/kg, PH). After drug administration, rats were run (11 m/min, 6 deg elevation, Ta = ... |
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| Human Cerebral Function at High Altitude |
MAR 85 |
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| Authors:
Thomas F. Hornbein; Brenda D. Townes; Robert B. Schoene; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY
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| Between 1981 and 1984, fifty one mountaineers from five separate expeditions to Mount Everest were given a series of two neurological exams, the first immediately prior to their climb and the second shortly after their return. These expeditions afforded an opportunity to study the consequences of extreme sustained hypoxia on human cerebral function. The goal was to ascertain whether exposure of healthy acclimatized individuals to extreme high altitude results in ... |
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| Coordination Mechanisms in Fast Human Movement. Experimental and Modelling Studies |
15 JUL 84 |
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| Authors:
Walter P. Kroll; William L. Kilmer; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST
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| Result summaries are provided for the modeling and experimental studies of coordination mechanisms in fast human movement. Both isotonic and isometric exercise regimens were used to produce two different levels of fatigue in the agonist or antagonist muscle groups. The triphasic EMG pattern associated with fast ballistic movement was shown to be affected chiefly by a lengthening of the agonist motor time. Faster movement times were produced by antagonist muscle ... |
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