| Probabilistic Model for Laser Damage to the Human Retina |
Mar 2012 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Wooddell David A; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
 | Understanding how lasers interact with media during propagation is a premiere field of physics. The subject area known as laser bioeffects explores laser interactions with biological cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. This research includes laser applications used in medicine, establishes safe exposure limits for industry and academia, and generally studies the many effects of laser light on living creatures. The bioeffects community relies heavily on deterministic modeling and simulation tools ... |
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| Noise Attenuation Loss Due to Wearing APEL Eye Protection with Ear-Muff Style Headset Systems |
14 Feb 2012 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Efrem Reeves; Elmaree Gordon; Summer Nomura; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| This report describes a baseline study to determine the level of acoustic leakage that can be expected when donning APEL eye protection while using earmuff type communication headsets. For the first phase of this study, three headsets, two helmets, nine pair of APEL eyewear, and four pair of non-APEL eyewear were tested using an ATF to determine the amount of attenuation loss due to eyewear. For the second phase of ... |
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| Directed Energy in the Military Environment |
Jan 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Leedjia Svec; Jeremy Beer; Dave Freeman; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIV VA
|
| The military operates in the land, air, and maritime environments. In each of these environments, lasers and laser devices are increasingly being seen and used in a variety of ways. Accordingly, the military must protect itself and civilians from the potentially dangerous effects of lasers and other directed-energy devices. Lasers are being used on the ground to determine the intentions of people who approach checkpoints and to dissuade aircraft from ... |
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| Host-dependence of Trivalent Erbium (Er3+) Spectra Relevant to Solid-state Lasers: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) and Sesquioxides |
Sep 2011 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Larry D Merkle; Nikolay Ter-Gabrielyan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory is developing technologies for power-scalable solid-state lasers operating at cryogenic temperatures. We have particular interest in operation at wavelengths that present the least risk of ocular damage, resulting in considerable focus on trivalent erbium (Er3+). We have carried out extensive comparisons of the spectra of Er3+ in two particularly promising types of oxide crystals: yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and various cubic sesquioxides. This report presents ... |
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| Airborne Laser Systems Testing and Analysis (essals et analyse des systemes laser embarques) |
APR 2010 |
338 pages |
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| This AGARDograph presents state-of-the-art methods for evaluating the performance of laser systems operating in the infrared with different operational and environmental conditions. Results of the PILASTER (PISQ LASer Test and Evaluation Range) research and development program, conducted by the Italian Air Force Flight Test Centre in collaboration with the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom (Cranfield University) are presented. For aircraft experimental activities with laser systems, it is important to ... |
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| Z-scan Measurement of the Upconversion Coefficient in Er:YAG |
Sep-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey O White; Robert Dibiano; Alexander B Fick; John E McElhenny; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Solid-state laser research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently emphasizing techniques for power scaling and achieving wavelengths in the eye-safer spectral region. We are studying erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), because it can be operated with a low quantum defect and has transitions around 1.6 micrometers. However, it suffers from cooperative pair upconversion, which can raise the lasing threshold, and thus lower the output power. In this ... |
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| Development and Validation of Eye Injury and Facial Fracture Criteria for the Focus Headform |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jill Bisplinghoff; Joseph Cormier; Stafan Duma; Eric Kennedy; Paul Depinet; Frederick Brozoski; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG
|
| A multi-year research effort focused on predicting eye and face injury resulting from blunt impacts has been completed through a collaborative partnership of Virginia Tech - Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Denton, and the United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. The primary goal of this effort is the development and validation of a physical headform capable of measuring face and eye impact loads. In order to assess the capability ... |
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| Yb-free, SLM EDFA: Comparison of 980-, 1470- and 1530-nm Excitation for the Core- and Clad-Pumping |
Mar-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
M Dubinskii; J Zhang; I Kudryashov; V Ter-Mikirtychev; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| We present the results of the experimental study and comparison of Yb-free, Er-doped, all-fiber, alignment free, single frequency (SF) fiber amplifiers operating under 980-, 1470- and 1530-nm pumping for the core- and clad-pumping architectures. In the single-mode core-pumped configuration Er-doped fiber amplifiers demonstrated 52% and 60% pump to output efficiencies for 980 and 1480 nm pump wavelength, respectively, producing over 140 mW of SF output power at seed wavelength approximately ... |
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| Damage Thresholds for Cultures RPE Cells Exposed to Lasers at 532 nm and 458 nm |
JUN 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Denton; Michael S. Foltz; Kurt J. Schuster; Larry E. Estlack; Robert J. Thomas; NORTHROP GRUMMAN SAN ANTONIO TX WARFIGHTER CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS DEPT
|
| The determination of safe exposure levels for lasers has come from damage assessment experiments in live animals, which typically involve correlating visually identifiable damage with laser dosimetry. Studying basic mechanisms of laser damage in animal retinal systems often requires tissue sampling (animal sacrifice), making justification and animal availability problematic. We determined laser damage thresholds in cultured monolayers of a human retinal pigment epithelial RPE cell line. By varying exposure duration ... |
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| OPTICS (Operational Threat Integrated Corrective Spectacles) Production and Initial Human Factors Testing (Lunettes Optics (Lunettes Correctrices Integrees a L'equipment de protection Contre les Menaces Operationnelles) - Production et Essais Initiaux Rel |
JUN 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Harry Angel; HUMANSYSTEMS INC GUELPH (ONTARIO)
|
| This report details the design, development and preliminary testing of three different Operational Threat Integrated Corrective Spectacles (OPTICS) concepts. The aim of the OPTICS project is to develop an integrated set of corrective eyewear inserts that will be compatible with ballistic protective eyewear and will be compatible for use inside the in-service C-4 respirator. Over the course of 13 months, three different OPTICS concepts were designed, developed and delivered to ... |
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| Corneal Injury to Ex-Vivo Eyes Exposed to a 3.8 Micron Laser |
17 AUG 2005 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
James G. Fyffe; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOMETRICS
|
| As a consequence of the significant expansion of laser use in medicine, industry and research, specific safety standards must be developed that appropriately address eye protection. The purpose of this study is to establish injury thresholds to the cornea for 3.8 micrometer 8 microsecond laser light pulses and to investigate a possible replacement model to live animal testing. Previous studies of pulsed energy absorption at 3.8 micrometers were performed using ... |
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| Ground and Air Test Performance of the Laser Event Recorder |
01-Mar-2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Craig R Schwarze; Robert Vaillancourt; David Carlson; James R Engel; Jerri Tribble; James Sheehy; OPTRA INC TOPSFIELD MA
|
| The primary objective of this effort is to develop a low-cost, self-powered, and compact laser event recorder and warning sensor for the measurement of laser events. Previously we reported on the technology and design of the Laser Event Recorder. In this paper we describe results from a series of ground and airborne tests of the Laser Event Recorder. |
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| Lasers Aimed at Aircraft Cockpits: Background and Possible Options to Address the Threat to Aviation Safety and Security |
26 JAN 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Bart Elias; DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FORT BELVOIR VA DAVID D ACKER LIBRARY AND KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY
|
| A recent rash of incidents involving lasers aimed at aircraft cockpits has raised concerns over the potential threat to aviation safety and security. While none of these incidents has been linked to terrorism, security officials have expressed concern that terrorists may seek to acquire and use higher powered lasers to, among other things, incapacitate pilots. There is also growing concern among aviation safety experts that the ubiquity and low cost ... |
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| In Harbor Underwater Threat Detection/Identification Using Active Imaging |
2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Weidemann; Georges R. Fournier; L. Forand; P. Mathieu; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| We present results from trials of the LUCIE 2 (Laser Underwater Camera Image Enhancer) conducted in Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia, Canada and Esquimalt Hurbor, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. LUCIE 2 is a new compact laser range gated camera (10 inches in diameter, 24 inches in length, and neutrally buoyant in water) originally designed to improve search and recovery operations under eye safe restrictions. The flexibility and eye safety of this ... |
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| Numerical Modeling of Laser Beam Propagation through Nonlinear Media (CD-ROM) |
21 JAN 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Eric Van Stryland; David Hagan; UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO SCHOOL OF OPTICS/CREOL
|
 | ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 209 files; HyperText Markup Language (.HTML), .GIF images, and data files. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 6.89 MB. Final report is in paper format. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible. ABSTRACT: Our overall research program involves the study, analysis and implementation of the use of nonlinear interactions between light and matter in passive optical limiters, devices to protect eyes and optical sensors ... |
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| Laser Obstacle Detection System Flight Testing |
SEP 2003 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Davis; Louis Centolanze; ARMY AVIATION SYSTEMS COMMAND FORT EUSTIS VA AVIATION APPLIED TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE
|
| The USSOCOM Mission Needs Statement (MNS) and Joint Operational Requirements Document (JORDS) on a Cable Warning/Obstacle Avoidance System define the need for an obstacle detection sensor for U.S. Military helicopters. The Helicopter Laser Radar System (HELLAS) was developed in Germany by EADS- Dornier. The Laser Obstacle Detection System (LODS) Foreign Comparative Test (FCT) program began in March 2002 with the objective of evaluating the HELLAS on a U.S. Army helicopter. ... |
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| Semiconductor Amplifiers and Laser Wave Length from Microscopic Physics to Device Simulation |
01 AUG 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
J. V. Moloney; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
|
| This contract involved a major effort in bringing to, maturity, a first-principles theory of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers based on a fully microscopic description of the light semiconductor material coupling. Earlier successes at the microscopic physics level enabled us to obtain quantitative agreement with gain/index and linewidth enhancement spectra measured for a variety of Quantum Well structures. The microscopic studies were extended to materials lasing at eye safe and telecoms ... |
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| A Study of the Effects of Multiple-Pulsed Laser Exposure on Increment Thresholds |
AUG 2003 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Smith; William Kosnik; Leon McLin; Brenda Novar; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SAN ANTONIO TX INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
|
| Little is known about the effects of brief, repetitive laser pulses in the microsecond and sub-microsecond range on visual adaptation. Although it is generally acknowledged that, for pulsed light exposures from 1 to 150 ms, the total energy of a flash (intensity x duration) determines its brightness or adaptation potential, there are little data supporting this reciprocal relationship in human subjects. The purpose of this study was to compare the ... |
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| Simulating the Effects of Laser Damage to the Retina |
DEC 2001 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
CONCEPTUAL MINDWORKS INC SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| This Phase II SBIR brought vision and signal processing researchers from the Air Force, academia and the public sector together to develop a visualization tool for modeling laser damage to the retina. The research resulted in experimental results, innovative models and two commercial products. |
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| Effects on Ocular Tissue of Multiple Laser Pulses and of Single Ultrashort Pulses of Varying Wavelength |
24 SEP 2001 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia A. Toth; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC DEPT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
|
| In order to evaluate laser safety standards, Dr. Toth examined fluorescein angiograms (in some cases OCT) and fixed tissue sections and aided in defining exposure limits for pulse widths less than one nanosecond. In our initial short pulse study, we were concerned with the restriction to a single wavelength. To verify that the tissue effects were due to the pulse structure, we obtained data outside a single wavelength. We obtained ... |
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| Physical and Optical Evaluation of Reflection Dielectric Laser Eye Protection (LEP) Spectacles |
SEP 2001 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis A. Maier; William R. Brockmeier; Jerry D. Hasten; Peter R. Edsall; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The physical properties, optical quality, spectral transmittance and laser protection measurements of reflective dielectric laser eye protection (LEP) spectacles supplied by Pilkington Optronics are reported. Research was performed under the Wideband Attenuating Reflective Dielectric Out-of-band Visor Evaluation (WARDOVE) Program whose objective was to define, develop and evaluate reflective dielectric coated out-of-band ALEP visors in the same manner that dye-based absorptive ALEP visors were previously evaluated. Vision performance and human factors ... |
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| Laser Pointers: Their Potential Affects on Vision and Aviation Safety |
APR 2001 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Van B. Nakagawara; Ronald W. Montgomery; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Laser pointers have been used for years to highlight key areas on charts and screens during visual presentations. When used in a responsible manner, laser pointers are not considered hazardous. While momentary ocular exposure to the light emitted by these devices can be startling to the observer and may result in temporary visual impairment, such exposures are too brief to cause any permanent ocular injury. However, as the availability of ... |
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| Investigations of YAG:Er(3+),Yb(3+) and YAG:Co(2+) Crystals for Laser Applications |
2001 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Z. Mierczyk; K. Kopczynski; M. Kwasny; T. Lukasiewicz; Z. Frukacz; MILITARY UNIV OF TECHNOLOGY WARSAW (POLAND) INST OF OPTOELECTRONICS
|
| The results of examinations of spectroscopic properties and generation parameters of new active media, i.e., Er(3+) and Yb(3+) doped YAG crystals are given. Erbium and ytterbium doped YAG single crystals were obtained by the Czochralski method. The spectral properties and laser characteristics were investigated. Absorption spectra of Er(3+) and Yb(3+) - doped active media were measured in the spectral range 190+5000 nm at room temperature. Excitation and luminescence spectra were ... |
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| Synthesis of New Dendritic Macromolecules as Potential Optical Limiting Materials |
06 NOV 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Charles W. Spangler; Lee H. Spangler; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| We have synthesized two new chromophore series whose bipolaron absorptions are in the spectral region 600-900 nm, an area of extreme interest for eye protection from laser attack. These chromophore series were derivatized for attachment to 3,5 dihydroxybenzyl alcohol to form dendrons, which were then attached to a core molecule, bis-phenol A, to form G-O dendrimers. We were also successful in preparing several dendrimers based ... |
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| Neuroprotective Treatment of Laser-Induced Retinal Injuries |
OCT 2000 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Mordechai Rosner; Yoram Solberg; Michael Belkin; TEL-AVIV UNIV (ISRAEL)
|
| Laser induced retinal injuries are operational and medical problem in the battlefield as a result of lasers used in military equipment and the introduction of visually incapacitating laser weapons. It is not possible to prevent all these injuries and there is no treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of memantine in our rat model of laser- induced retinal-lesions. Methods: Argon laser retinal lesions ... |
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| Selective Photon Light Pipe Experiments |
30 JUN 2000 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
K. C. Chen; Daniel J. Krommenhoek; Pedro Sarmiento; Ray Beach; Steve Payne; QUANTUM GROUP INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A feasibility study of using a combustion-driven light source to pump a 1540 nm eye-safe phosphate glass fiber laser was performed. The proposed laser pumping concept consists of a 980 nm narrow-band ytterbia selective emitter and a transparent sapphire filament light pipe that transfers the light to an eye- safe erbium-doped ytterbium phosphate fiber laser. The maximum radiant exitance and irradiance of the selective emitter light pipes ... |
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| Variability of Eye Positions with EPS-21 Sun, Wind, and Dust Goggle |
JUN 2000 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
William E. McLean; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Methods for providing advanced spectacle and goggle laser protection for visible lasers include reflective dielectric coatings and holograms, tuned for specific wavelengths. The primary advantage of these methods compared to the current fielded broad band absorptive dyes is the potential for increased visual transmission for a given amount of protection. However, dielectric coatings and holograms are angle and position sensitive such that the locations of the eye ... |
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| Basic Studies of Nonlinear Optical Materials for Eye and Sensor Protection |
15 JAN 2000 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
P. M. Tentzepis; P. Chen; I. V. Tomov; A. S. Dvornikov; D. A. Oulianov; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| We have studied the basic spectroscopy, kinetics and nonlinear optical properties of a set of power limiting materials, which include six metallobenzoporphyrins and ten donor-acceptor azulenic molecules. These compounds are known to have highly polarizable it-electrons, and therefore are expected to have nonlinear coefficients suitable for utilization in optical limiting devices. In order to diagnose the optical limiting properties of the materials, we developed ... |
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| Anesthesia Providers' Adherence to the Use of Gloves and Eye Protection |
03 JAN 2000 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Brian T. Koonce; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| The purpose of this study is to determine anesthesia provider adherence to universal precautions, specifically the use of gloves and eye protection. With documented poor adherence to the use of personal protective equipment, anesthesia providers place themselves at risk for occupational exposure to potentially contaminated blood and body fluids on a daily basis. In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control published universal precautions with the ... |
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| A Continuous Wave Raman Laser to Access a Broad Spectral Regime |
14 DEC 1999 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Rand Swanson; ADVR INC BOZEMAN MT
|
| The purpose of this work was to explore the continuous wave (cw) Raman laser for generating high-power laser radiation in the Infra-Red (IR) spectral regime. This was done by numerically modeling cw Raman lasers. The numerical models were compared with results from recent experiments to confirm their accuracy. A survey was conducted to identify necessary components for this technology, including mirrors and pump lasers. Results indicate ... |
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| The National Shipbuilding Research Program, Application of Industrial Engineering Techniques to Reduce Workers' Compensation and Environmental Costs - Deliverable C |
OCT 1999 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL STEEL AND SHIPBUILDING CO SAN DIEGO CA
|
| During 1996 and 1997 the Blast and Paint Department incurred 118 eye injuries 99 first aid injuries and 19 recordable 15 in 1996 and 4 in 1997. The types of eye injuries were abrasions infections irritations rust rings embedded foreign bodies and loose foreign bodies. Eye injuries have always been difficult to prevent in Blast and Paint due to the nature of work which includes painting, solvent washing, grinding, sanding, ... |
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| General Optical-Limiting Requirements |
AUG 1999 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Mary J. Miller; Andrew G. Mott; Brian P. Ketchel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Optical-limiting devices and materials may be used to protect U.S. military personnel and equipment from laser radiation damage. Many who consider doing research in this area are not familiar with the U.S. military unclassified requirements for materials or devices that would be fielded. This report attempts to set general guidelines for researchers in the field. |
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| High Density HGCDTE Avalanche Photodiode Array Performance |
AUG 1999 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
C. Anderson; S. Bailey; G. Chapamn; E. Gordon; P. Herning; RAYTHEON CO GOLETA CA
|
| Recent advances in Infrared materials and device design have been applied to developing a new class of high sensitivity It-Vi Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) for eyesafe applications. These devices utilize Hg(1-x) Cd(x) Te and are designed using separate absorber and avalanche layers. Low excess noise at high gains is achieved by exploiting the natural resonance for hole avalanche multiplication in the gain region while high quantum efficiency is obtained by separately ... |
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| Low Cost Grating Based Laser Sensor. Phase 2 |
15 APR 1999 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Craig Schwarze; OPTRA INC TOPSFIELD MA
|
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| Support to CBWCOM/Army CP-Lidar Program |
FEB 1999 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
SCHAFER CORP ARLINGTON VA
|
| The tasking to Schafer Corporation from Edgewood Arsenal, the Army and CBWCOM Agent for this program was to assist them in developing and fielding seven (7), later reduced to six (6), eye-safe LIDAR units being developed by Schwartz Electro-Optics, Inc. of Orlando, FL and Fibertek, Inc. of Herndon, VA and designed to be mounted in Apache helicopters, The purpose of these units is to detect by light-scattering LIDAR technology low-lying ... |
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| Proceedings of First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting, Cannes, France, 28 June-1 July 1998 |
1999 |
|
| Authors:
Francois Kajzar; Christophe Jurczak; Donald McGillen; Paras N. Prasad; Fabrice Charra; CEA CENTRE D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE SACLAY GIF-SUR-YVETTE (FRANCE); CEA CENTRE D
|
| The Final Proceedings for First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting, 28 June 1998 - 1 July 1998. This is an interdisciplinary conference. Topics include modeling of beam propagation, liquid crystalline, organic, semiconductor, photochromic and nanostructured materials, nonlinear absorption, thermal lensing, characterization techniques, and systems. |
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| Non-Slip Safety Glasses |
21 DEC 1998 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. Moody; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A side piece for eye glasses includes a front side piece portion and a rear side piece portion. The front side piece portion includes a forward end and a rearward end with an elongated, open-ended slot formed therein. The open end of the elongated open-ended slot is directed to the rearward end of the front side piece portion. The rear side piece portion includes a forward end and a rearward ... |
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| Optical Limiter Structure and Method |
08 SEP 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur W. Snow; James S. Shirk; Filbert J. Bartoli Jr.; James R. Lindle; Michael E. Boyle; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| An optical limiter structure which includes a limiter material preferably dissolved in a host. The limiter material is selected from substituted and unsubstituted phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, porphyrins, salts of these materials and mixtures thereof, whereas the host is selected from any material which can dissolve the limiter material to at least the extent of 0.1% by weight. |
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| Calculation of Hazard Distances for Scanning, Repetitively Pulsed Laser Systems |
AUG 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Alasdair McInnes; James Richards; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION SALISBURY (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This report details a methodology of evaluating the eye hazards due to scanning, repetitively pulsed laser radar systems. A computer model developed for carrying out such calculations is described in detail, and applied to an experimental laser radar system currently being developed in DSTO. |
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| Analysis of CARDlab Data for Interpupillary and Vertex Distance: Notes on the Construction of an "Eye-box" |
JUL 1998 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Elmar T. Schmeisser; Dennis A. Maier; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Data was obtained from the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Computerized Anthropometric Research and Design lab (CARDLab) describing the quantitative three dimensional location of various facial landmarks. This data was compared to a set of similar measurements made in clinical optometric practice. The values obtained were analyzed for their statistical distribution. These values can be used to predict the fit of eye centered protective eyeware ... |
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| Non-Lethal Defense III, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, February 25 & 26, 1998, Revised Agenda |
26 FEB 98 |
|
| Authors:
John B. Alexander; NATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONARLINGTON VA
|
| Partial contents include: (1) Non-Lethal Weapons and the Warfighter; (2) Department of Defense Non-Lethal Weapons Policy; (3) Courting the Law Enforcement Technology Market; (4) The Missing Tools Are Off the Shelf; (5) A non-Lethal Alternative to Anti-Personnel Land Mines; (6) Developments in Non- Lethal Payloads for 12-Gauge Shotguns and 40mm Grenade Launchers; (7) Expanded Use for the 66mm Grenade Family; (8) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Non-Lethal Payload (NL) Delivery System; ... |
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| Chromophores for Electro-Optics and Optical Switching |
FEB 1998 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Seth R. Marder; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| Two-photon absorption spectra have been measured for bis-donor diphenylpolyene derivatives with varying conjugation lengths and end groups. Large two-photon absorptivities are observed via nanosecond nonlinear transmission measurements in comparison to picosecond nonlinear transmission and two-photon excited fluorescence methods, which suggests a large contribution of excited-state absorption to the nanosecond nonlinear transmission results. Chromophores with conformationally locked bridges have been synthesized and the optical nonlinearity and thermal stability has been examined. ... |
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| Personal Protective Equipment |
1998 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
|
| To have an effective safety program one manager must be responsible for its coordination First-line supervisors must be convinced of the hazard and must be held accountable for their employees use of personal protective equipment A safety program for new employees is a necessary part of any orientation program An on-going safety program should be used to motivate employees to continue to use protective gear Teaming the correct personal protective ... |
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| Experimental Uncertainty in Laser-Based Optical Density Measurements |
SEP 1997 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Brian R. Kimball; Barry S. DeCristofano; Masata Nakashima; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA
|
| This report summarizes the development and application of an uncertainty analysis used to define the tolerances in experimentally determined laser-based optical density values of laser protective materials and devices, Uncertainty expressions are derived, which can be used to generate a unique tolerance for each experimental optical density measurement performed. The laboratory setup is described and a sample experimental run is presented, which compares ODs ... |
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| Measurement of Energy Distribution and Analysis of Hazard Probability of Long-Distance Laser Irradiation |
02 OCT 96 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Zongli Chen; Denglong Wang; Guidao Xu; Langshun Shi; Guisu Zhang; NATIONAL AIR INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| To appreciate laser safety, we introduce a beam spot method of measuring long-distance laser irradiation. Based on laboratory eye injury data, we calculated the laser beam divergence, energy distribution over the laser cross section, and laser beam hazard probability. With the ever-wider applications of laser technology and with advances in designing related equipment, such as laser ranging, laser communications, lidar, laser target indicators, etc., laser safety has become one of ... |
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| Failure Mechanisms in Aircrew Helmet Visors |
SEP 96 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis A. Maier; Connie S. LaPage; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The causes for removing aircrew helmet visors from service were investigated as part of the Armstrong Laboratory's Advanced Aircrew Vision Protection (AAVP) program. The reason for the investigation was to identify better technologies, specifications, or procedures that could be applied to the aircrew laser eye protection (ALEP) visors being transitioned under the AAVP program. Clear and neutral gray (sun) visors that were identified to be discarded were requested and received ... |
|
| Review of the Elemental Capability of Vision: Primary Visual Taxons |
AUG 96 |
|
| Authors:
Robert E. Miller Ii; Norm Barsalou; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The Joint Technical Coordinating Group/Munitions Effectiveness and Aircraft Survivability Crew Casualty Working Group (CCWG) was formed to review and standardize casualty assessments for the Tri-services. The goal of the CCWG is to design an accurate model which is sufficiently general to predict the probability of incapacitation from a wide range of weapon effects or insults (e. g., blast, penetration, blunt injury, acceleration, bums, toxic gases, biological agents, electromagnetic energy, etc.) ... |
|
| The Mathematical Foundation and the Boundary Conditions Encountered in Laser Energy Diffusion in a Solid and Skin Simulant Temperature Rise |
JUN 96 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Chia P. Wang; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABS MA CLOTHING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL S ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The energy diffusion from a laser beam in a solid was critically analyzed and the solutions were applied to the problem of temperature rise of a skin simulant irradiated with a laser beam. The solutions involved two sets of contradicting boundary conditions: The zero surface heat flux vs the constant surface heat flux at the boundary. It is shown that the constant surface heat flux boundary condition in the conventional ... |
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| Assessment Methodology for Integrated Helmet and Display Systems in Rotary-Wing Aircraft |
APR 96 |
242 pages |
| Authors:
Clarence E. Rash; Ben T. Mozo; William E. McLean; B. J. McEntire; Joseph L. Haley Jr; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| The U.S. Army is moving towards a trend of using helmet mounted displays in all rotary-wing aircraft. Such devices are integrated systems consisting of the basic helmet, an optical display, eye protection, and a head tracker. This report provides a comprehensive methodology for testing all aspects of such integrated helmet and display systems. The assessment methodology encompasses both laboratory and in-flight evaluations. The major evaluation areas for the laboratory assessment ... |
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| Improved, High Power, Eye Safe, Solid State Laser |
MAR 96 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Stolzenberger; CRYSTAL ASSOCIATES INC WALDWICK NJ
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| The Phase I SBlR technical results demonstrate the feasibility of a solid-state Raman shifter to generate 1.56 micron light. The 1.56 micron laser source was based on a compact, Nd:YAG-pumped, intracavitv Barium Nitrate, solid- state Raman shifter (SSRS). The experiment demonstrated diffraction limited, 1. 56 micron output at greater that 250 mJ/pulse, with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 60%. Some nice features of this novel technique were a very large ... |
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EYE SAFETY
