| An Analysis of Helicopter Pilot Scan Techniques While Flying at Low Altitudes and High Speed |
Sep 2012 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher E Kirby; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
|
 | This study compared the eye scan patterns of nonexperienced and experienced helicopter pilots during a simulated high-speed, low-level flight. For helicopters, flying at high speeds and low levels is not the safest way to fly, but in times of war, it is necessary for survival. Subjects were 17 active-duty Navy helicopter pilots, all of whom had different levels of flight experience based on their total flight times. Each pilot was ... |
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| Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge in Low-Functioning Autism as Assessed by Eye Movements, Pupillary Dilation, and Event-Related Potentials |
Jun 2012 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Barry Gordon; Kerry Ledoux; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| We have been testing the hypothesis that relatively implicit measures of cognitive processing (eye movements, pupillary dilation monitoring, and the N400 component of event-related potentials) will prove sensitive to receptive vocabulary knowledge, even in the absence of more traditional behavioral responses. We have sought to first demonstrate the use of these measures in three populations in whom behavioral responses are expected to be reliable: normal adults, normally developing children, and ... |
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| Abnormal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexesin Autism: A Potential Endophenotype |
Jun 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Keith D White; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| The overarching objective of this study is to characterize abnormalities of vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Specific aim 1: Characterize horizontal VOR post-rotary nystagmus without optokinetic feedback using a velocity step test. We hypothesize that in ASD vertical eye movement intrusions during horizontal nystagmus will occur more frequently than normal, will be time-locked to horizontal nystagmus, and will differ from voluntary saccades. Specific aim 2: Characterize horizontal ... |
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| Human Oculomotor Functions and Their Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury |
Feb 2012 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher W Tyler; Lora T Likova; Gregory L Goodrich; SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INST SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| Diagnosis of oculomotor system deficits requires accurate knowledge of the binocular coordination dynamics, which have been studied only sparsely in humans. To provide such essential baseline data, Aim 1 will conduct the first large-scale study of a) the normal parameters of binocular coordination dynamics during saccades, vergence and accommodation, and b) the normal range of binocular coordination and vergence instabilities during reading. These parameters will be determined by fitting an ... |
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| Effectiveness of Computerized Oculomotor Vision Screening in a Military Population: Pilot Study |
Jan 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Jose E Capo-Aponte; Aaron K Tarbett; Thomas G Urosevich; Leonard A Temme; Navjit K Sanghera; Melvyn E Kalich; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| The prevalence of oculomotor dysfunctions associated with blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in warfighters has increased as a consequence of recent conflicts. This study evaluated the effectiveness of computerized oculomotor vision screening (COVS) in a military population. Oculomotor functions were assessed with COVS and by conventional methods in 20 U.S. military personnel with and 20 without mTBI. The validity of COVS was determined by Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman method ... |
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| Objective Methods to Test Visual Dysfunction in the Presence of Cognitive Impairment |
Oct 2011 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Randy Kardon; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
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| Purpose: to develop and validate objective tests to diagnose vision deficits in patients with cognitive impairment and ensure effective monitoring of their treatment. Scope: objective methods to monitor visual function include 1) the pupil light reflex, 2) light evoked potentials from the brain and from the eye and 3) purposeful eye movements to track moving targets that are resolved. Major Findings (year one): 1) a hand held pupillometer was evaluated ... |
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| Predicting Individual Differences in Response to Sleep Loss |
15 Sep 2011 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph F Chandler; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT DAYTON WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Fatigue resulting from poor or insufficient sleep is commonplace in the modern military. Previous work at this laboratory sought to validate the use of noninvasive eye-tracking (PMI FIT 2000) and cognitive (FlightFit) performance tests to detect individual impairment due to fatigue in a military population (see technical report: DTIC ADA522106). Over the course of 25 hours of continual wakefulness in a laboratory setting, eye-tracking measures of saccadic velocity (eye movement ... |
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| Disequilibrium After Traumatic Brain Injury: Vestibular Mechanisms |
Sep 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Walker; CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV CLEVELAND OH
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| The purpose of this study is to investigate mechanisms of disequilibrium and imbalance in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom / Operation Iraqi Freedom who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanism of chronic dizziness and imbalance after TBI is not known. The hypothesis for this study is that TBI leads to an impairment in the vestibular reflexes that compensate for linear movements of the head and body during standing ... |
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| Automatic Multimodal Cognitive Load Measurement (AMCLM) |
JUN 2011 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Fang Chen; NATIONAL INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AUSTRALIA EVELEIGH (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This report summarizes the research activities, results of the user studies, and research accomplishments out of the AMCLM project in the past year. We investigated the validity of using speech formants and their fusion to measure cognitive load automatically. For the research on eye-activity based cognitive load measurement, we had examined various features, including blink latency, fixation time, saccade speed and pupil size. We further investigated the use of pupil ... |
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| Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge in Low-Functioning Autism as Assessed by Eye Movements, Pupillary Dilation, and Event-Related Potentials |
Jun 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Barry Gordon; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| Approximately 50% of individuals affected by autism fail to develop useful speech, and many of these individuals never learn to communicate in any functional way. An important scientific as well as practical question about such individuals, as well as in those with other diagnoses and a similar inability to express themselves, is whether this lack of expressive ability is necessarily accompanied by an equally severe deficit in knowledge of receptive ... |
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| Abnormal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Autism: A Potential Endophenotype |
Jun 2011 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Keith White; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| The overarching objective of this study is to characterize abnormalities of vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Specific Aim 1: Characterize horizontal VOR post-rotary nystagmus without optokinetic feedback using a velocity step test. We hypothesize that in ASD vertical eye movement intrusions during horizontal nystagmus will occur more frequently than normal, will be time-locked to horizontal nystagmus, and will differ from voluntary saccades. Specific Aim 2: Characterize horizontal ... |
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| The Expressive Gaze Model: Using Gaze to Express Emotion |
Jul 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Brent J Lance; Stacy C Marsella; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The Expressive Gaze Model is a hierarchical framework for composing simple behaviors into emotionally expressive gaze shifts for virtual characters. Its primary components are the Gaze Warping Transformation, which generates emotionally expressive head and torso movement in a gaze shift, and an eye movement model. |
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| Modeling Human Eye-Movements for Military Simulations |
Mar 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick Jungkunz; Christian J Darken; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA MODELING VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AND SIMULATION (MOVES)
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| Models of eye movements of an observer searching for human targets are helpful in developing accurate models of target acquisition times and false positive detections. We develop a new model describing the distribution of gaze positions for an observer which includes both bottom-up (salience) and top-down (task dependent) factors. We validate the combined model against a bottom-up model from the literature and against the bottom up and top down parts ... |
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| A Model for Visual Decision Making Under Time Pressure |
02 Sep 2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Preeti Verghese; SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INST SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| This proposal examined how humans combine multiple sources of information when deciding to select a region of interest in a visual display. We considered tasks in which the observer was under time pressure to search a noisy display for a variable number of targets, or when the observer had to build an accurate representation of a new shape. We measured task performance as well as eye-scanning strategies as observers performed ... |
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| Assessment of Psychophysiological Differences of West Point Cadets and Civilian Controls Immersed within a Virtual Environment |
Jan 2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas D Parsons; Christopher Courtney; Louise Cosand; Arvind Iyer; Albert A Rizzo; Kelvin Oie; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| An important question for ecologically valid virtual environments is whether cohort characteristics affect immersion. If a method for assessing a certain neurocognitive capacity (e.g. attentional processing) is adapted to a cohort other than the one that was used for the initial normative distribution, data obtained in the new cohort may not be reflective of the neurocognitive capacity in question. We assessed the psychophysiological impact of different levels of immersion upon ... |
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| A Measure of Search Efficiency in a Real World Search Task |
Dec-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Melissa R Beck; Maura C Lohrenz; J G Trafton; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE
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| In visual search, preattentive processes locate potential target regions and selective attention is directed to potential target locations. The current experiments examined the role of global visual clutter in participants' ability to deploy attention to target regions containing relatively more or less local clutter. Participants searched maps of high, medium, or low global clutter for a target in a high or low local clutter region. Global and local clutter influenced ... |
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| A Real-Time Closed-Loop System for Predicting and Counteracting Lapses of Attention |
07-Oct-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David A St Kobus; Mark John; Matthew R Risser; PACIFIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GROUP INC SAN DIEGO CA
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| Vigilance tasks, from driving to surveillance to security remain important and frequent tasks for the U.S. Army. Yet the difficulty users have sustaining vigilance is well known. Augmented cognition offers new methods for supporting sustained vigilance via a closed-loop attention management system (CLAM). A CLAM system monitors operators' psychophysiology for signs of inattention and then triggers a countermeasure to rouse them and help them sustain vigilance and good task performance. ... |
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| Interdisciplinary Studies on the Combat Readiness and Health Issues Faced by Military Personnel |
Sep-2008 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Steven R Goodman; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS
|
| The goal of this research project was twofold: 1) Assemble multimodal human performance laboratory including complex human motor assessment system, 128 channel EEG/ERP, pupilometer/ eyetracking system, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation system. 2) Conduct a pilot research study demonstrating the capabilities of performing multimodal assessment of object retrieval, particularly when those objects may be considered threatening or nonthreatening. |
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| Targeted Eradication of Prostate Cancer Mediated by Engineered Mesenchymal Stem |
DEC 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Yan Cui; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV NEW ORLEANS
|
| This report reviews the third year of research on the diagnostic utility of psychophysiological indict that may predict the current and future functional efficiency of the soldier. The research focuses especially on the measurement of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), together with additional indices including salivary cortisol and subjective state. Two studies at the University of Cincinnati demonstrated that CBFV declines during cognitive vigilance and ... |
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| Using Peripheral Processing and Spatial Memory to Facilitate Task Resumption |
OCT 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Raj M. Ratwani; Alyssa E. Andrews; Malcolm McCurry; J. G. Trafton; Matthew S. Peterson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR APPLIED RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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| Theories accounting for the process of primary task resumption following an interruption have focused on the suspension and retrieval of a specific goal. The ability to recall the spatial location of where in the task one was prior to being interrupted may also be important. We show that being able to maintain a spatial representation of the primary task facilitates task resumption. Participants were interrupted by an instant message window ... |
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| Diagnostic Methods for Predicting Performance Impairment Associated with Combat Stress |
AUG 2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald Matthews; JOEL S. WARM; David Washburn; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| This report reviews the third year of research on the diagnostic utility of psychophysiological indict that may predict the current and future functional efficiency of the soldier. The research focuses especially on the measurement of cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) together with additional indices including salivary cortisol and subjective state. Two studies at the University of Cincinnati demonstrated that CBFV declines during cognitive vigilance and during ... |
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| A Review of the Mental Workload Literature |
01 JUL 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Brad Cain; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
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 | The intent of this paper is to provide the reader with an overview of the mental workload literature. It will focus on other state-of-the-art surveys with reference to some specific reports of the practical application of mental workload measurement. The surveys will be limited to those in English. Manzey reportedly provides a review of psycho-physiological methods in German; a comparable, recent review in English was not found although a NATO ... |
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| Goal and Spatial Memory Following Interruption |
JUL 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michel E. Brudzinski; Raj M. Ratwani; J. G. Trafton; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR APPLIED RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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| The process of resuming an interrupted task has been understood by task level goals. Recent empirical evidence has implicated spatial memory as a component of the resumption process suggesting that spatial level representations are important as well. We collected eye track data in an interruptions paradigm to examine the perceptual processes involved in resumption. Four models were created to illustrate the importance of the role of spatial representations and further, ... |
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| Advanced Usability Evaluation Methods |
APR 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Terence S. Andre; Margaret Schurig; AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO INST FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
|
| The Behavioral Sciences and Leadership Department at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) developed a low-cost human-computer interaction (HCI) laboratory in 2004. Since that time, the lab has grown into a teaching laboratory introducing HCI concepts to cadets in the Behavioral Sciences-Human Factors option as well as cadets in the Systems Engineering-Human Systems concentration. The HCI lab exposed cadets to contemporary methods and tools used in usability evaluation. The ... |
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| An Experimental Investigation of Improving Human Problem-Solving Performance by Guiding Attention and Adaptively Providing Details on Information Displays |
APR 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
N. H. Narayanan; AUBURN UNIV AL
|
| This report presents a summary of the research activities, major accomplishments, publications and presentations resulting from the project supported by ONR grant N00014-03-1-0324 to Auburn University. Key contribution of this project was the development and experimental testing of a variety of information displays, called "reactive information displays," that could modify the presented information in real-time in response to the viewer's gaze patterns. Designs of these displays were based on a ... |
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| Augmenting Cognition: Optimizing Strategic Visual Processing |
30 MAR 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie M. Doane; MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV MISSISSIPPI STATE
|
| This report details a research project investigating the acquisition and transfer of strategic stimulus processing skills. Previous research suggests that humans initially acquire processing strategies that reduce the number of redundant comparisons required for accurate visual discriminations. Further, strategies acquired during exposure to one set of visual stimuli can be transferred to a novel stimulus set. Strategies are transferred regardless of their effectiveness, and once acquired, they are difficult to ... |
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| A Smart Video Coding Method for Time Lag Reduction in Telesurgery |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mingui Sun; Qiang Liu; Jian Xu; Amin Kassam; Sharon E. Enos; Ronald Marchessault; Gary Gilbert; Robert J. Sclabassi; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| In the future war against terror and new types of offensive activities away from home, telemedical systems, including a telesurgical system, may become standard military medical equipment. In recent years, there have been significant technological advances in both telecommunications and robotics. These advances have made remotely operable telemedicine possible. However, a key technology that rapidly encodes, transmits, and decodes surgical video with the minimum round-trip delay and the least influence ... |
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| Minimal use of Working Memory in a Scene Comparison Task |
2006 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A. Gajewski; John M. Henderson; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Eye movement behavior in hand-eye tasks suggests a preference for a 'just in time' processing strategy that minimizes the use of working memory. In the present study, a scene comparison task was introduced to determine whether the preference holds when the task is primarily visual and when more complex naturalistic scenes are used as stimuli. Participants made same or different judgments in response to simultaneously presented pairs of scenes that ... |
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| Using Cognitive Task Analysis and Eye Tracking to Understand Imagery Analysis |
2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Laura Kurland; Abigail Gertner; Tom Bartee; Michael Chisholm; Scott McQuade; MITRE CORP BEDFORD MA
|
| The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is the national-level producer of Geospatial Intelligence, serving both policy makers and DoD elements. One core task of Geospatial Intelligence Analysts is to develop intelligence through the exploitation of imagery (including overhead, airborne, and video sources), with geospatial data and additional intelligence sources supporting the analysis process. Currently there is a gap between the exploitation and analysis capabilities of senior analysts and incoming junior analysts. ... |
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| Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation |
2006 |
|
| Authors:
Tony Ezzat; Gadi Geiger; Tomaso Poggio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, videorealistic, speech animation module. A human subject is rst recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject's mouth uttering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized utterance is ... |
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| Now, Where Was I? Examining the Perceptual Processes while Resuming an Interrupted Task |
2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Raj M. Ratwani; J. G. Trafton; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Several empirical papers have demonstrated that interruptions are disruptive and that after being interrupted it takes some time to resume the primary task. This study examined the cognitive processes, specifically at the perceptual level, that were used to resume a task after being interrupted. Eye movement data showed that participants were able to use spatial memory to return to the general area where they were interrupted. This spatial heuristic was ... |
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| Cross-Validation of Indicators of Cognitive Workload |
DEC 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Sandra P. Marshall; Mike Bartels; EYETRACKING INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The original 2000 AMBR project sought to evaluate how well four human performance models simulated behavior of human participants. Participants and models completed a modified version of an air traffic control task and were compared on the dimensions of performance, reaction time, and subjective workload ratings. The current study replicated the human performance findings of the previous phase of AMBR and added eye tracking analyses to enhance understanding of participants' ... |
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| Detection of Human Fatigue |
28 SEP 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Stern; Timothy B. Brown; BIO-BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS SYSTEMS LLC ST LOUIS MO
|
| Military personnel are frequently required to perform tasks for which fatigue is a common problem. Lapses in alertness associated with fatigue are major contributors to human error. We have proposed to create a system that will use unobtrusively obtained bio-behavioral measures to detect such lapses in alertness and thus lower the incidence of human errors. In the current phase of this work, we have developed and used a test task ... |
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| Saccadic Velocity and Pupillary Reflexes During Acclimatization to Altitude (4300m) |
JUL 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
A. Cymerman; S. R. Muza; A. L. Friedlander; C. S. Fulco; P. B. Rock; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Oculometrics have been shown to be responsive to hypoxemia. We investigated whether oculometrics could be used as an objective index of a hypoxic effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and altitude acclimatization. We hypothesized that oculomotor reflexes (pupil diameter (PD), constriction amplitude (CA), constriction latency (CL), and saccadic velocity (SV)) changed in concert with a select number of accepted acclimatization variables and that these changes correlated with the severity ... |
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| Augmented Cognition: Amplification of Attention for Better Decision |
25 JAN 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Misha Pavel; OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIV BEAVERTON DEPT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The primary purpose of this project was to investigate the underlying principles for the future development of systems capable of estimating the cognitive state of an operator, the demands of the task, and the relevant environmental conditions. The cognitive state is estimated using physiological as well as behavioral measures. Examples of the physiological measures include EEG, heart rate, plethysmography, and galvanic skin response. The behavioral measures include performance on the ... |
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| Developing an Adaptive Intelligent Flight Trainer |
2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy Ludwig; Sowmya Ramachandran; William R. Howse; ARMY RESEARCH INST FIELD UNIT FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) seek to mimic the learning improvement provided in a one-on-one tutor/student relationship. To effectively teach to a student, the ITS must adapt to the student's current understanding. Many ITSs judge a student's knowledge by current and historic performance in a subject area. From this information, an ITS can determine a number of facts about the student relevant to tutoring. This current/past performance view of tutoring ignores ... |
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| Gaze Control in Complex Scene Perception |
JAN 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Henderson; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| During human scene perception, visual acuity is highest at fixation and drops off precipitously and continuously with increasing visual eccentricity. The highest quality visual information is acquired from the region of the scene projecting to the fovea, a region of the retina corresponding to about the central 20 of the viewed scene. The human visual-cognitive system takes advantage of the fovea by reorienting fixation over the viewed scene an average ... |
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| Soft Constraints in Interactive Behavior: The Case of Ignoring Perfect Knowledge In-The-World for Imperfect Knowledge In-The-Head |
15 DEC 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne D. Gray; Wai-Tat Fu; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE
|
| Constraints and dependencies among the elements of embodied cognition form patterns or microstrategies of interactive behavior. Hard constraints determine which microstrategies are possible. Soft constraints determine which of the possible microstrategies are most likely to be selected. When selection is non-deliberate or automatic the least effort microstrategy is chosen. In calculating the effort required to execute a microstrategy each of the three types of operations, memory retrieval, perception, and action, ... |
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| DARPA Augmented Cognition Technical Integration Experiment (TIE) |
DEC 2003 |
239 pages |
| Authors:
M. St. John; D. A. Kobus; J. G. Morrison; PACIFIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GROUP INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Augmented Cognition program is developing innovative technologies that will transform person-machine interaction by making information systems sensitive to the capabilities and limitations of the human component of the person-machine system. By taking better advantage of individual human capabilities, and being sensitive to human limitations, it is expected that an order of magnitude improvement in system performance can be achieved. There have been many ... |
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| Non-Invasive Techniques for Monitoring Human Fatigue |
DEC 2003 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Qiang Ji; NEVADA UNIV RENO
|
| In this report, we summarize our efforts in developing real time non- intrusive technology-for monitoring human fatigue. Through this research, we have developed state of the art technologies and a prototype fatigue monitor for real time non-intrusive human fatigue monitoring. Our contributions include: 1) the development of various computer vision techniques for real-time and non- intrusive extraction of multiple fatigue parameters related to eyelid movements, gaze, head movement, and facial ... |
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| Global Transsaccadic Change Blindness During Scene Perception |
SEP 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Henderson; Andrew Hollingworth; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING
|
| Each time the eyes are spatially reoriented via a saccadic eye movement, the image falling on the retina changes. How visually specific are the representations that are functional across saccades during active scene perception? This question was investigated with a saccade-contingent display- change paradigm in which pictures of complex real-world scenes were globally changed in real time during eye movements. The global changes were effected by presenting each scene as ... |
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| Integrating Digital Eye Tracking With Personnel Optimization Research |
07 FEB 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie Doane; Gary Bradshaw; MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV MISSISSIPPI STATE DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| This award funded the purchase of a Digital Eye Tracking Research System (DETRS). The DETRS is a state-of- the-art system that allows cognitive scientists at Mississippi State University to integrate eye movement capture into their personnel optimization research. The DETRS enables integration of video and eye tracking data by capturing video data in a digital format, and allows access to several aspects of the same performance, such as pupil measures ... |
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| Towards Pervasive Robotics |
2003 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Artur M. Arsenio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| In the near future, pervasive robotics will require small, light, and cheap robots that exhibit complex behaviors. These demands led to the development of the M2-M4 Macaco project -- a robotic active vision head. Macaco is a portable system, capable of emulating the head of different creatures both aesthetically and functionally. It integrates mechanisms for social interactions, autonomous navigation, and object analysis. |
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| A Comparison of Visual Fields with Fixed and Moving Fixation Points. Volume I |
SEP 2002 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
William E. McLean; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Four procedures were used to measure the extent of the detection fields of four primary meridians of the binocular visual fields of four subjects. Procedures I (Moving Target) used a horizontally moving target and a stationary fixation point. Procedure II (Fixed Target) used a stationary target and a horizontally moving fixation point. Procedure III (Saccadic Move) used a saccadic eye movement between two stationary horizontal fixation points and a stationary ... |
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| Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation |
JUN 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Tony F. Ezzat; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| I describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, video realistic, speech animation module. A human subject is first recorded using a video camera as he/she utters a pre-determined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject's mouth littering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized ... |
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| Development of the "Mirror System": A Computational Model |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
Giorgio Metta; Lorenzo Natale; Satyajit Rao; Giulio Sandini; GENOVA UNIV (ITALY)
|
| The authors are studying the development of the mirror system from a computational perspective with the ultimate goal of realizing a physical implementation. They are using an anthropomorphic robot as a development platform. The body of the robot provides the physical interaction between the computational structure and the environment. Single neuron recording and microstimulation in the monkey have shown that the premotor cortex contains visually responsive neurons. These neurons are ... |
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| Target Probability Modulates Neuronal Activity in the Primate Saccadic System |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
M. A. Basso; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
|
| The brain has a limited capacity to process information, so perceptual discriminations made when viewing natural visual scenes require that individual stimuli be singled out as targets for further analysis. Motor systems are similarly challenged since goal directed behaviors - by definition - require identification of a single goal. The current report focuses on whether neuronal activity within structures related to the generation of rapid reorienting movements of the eyes, ... |
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| Neural Mechanisms of Top-Down Selection During Visual Search |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Narcisse P. Bichot; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
|
| The brain's representation of visual information depends greatly on the behavioral relevance of the viewed stimuli. While in some instances behavioral significance is derived from conspicuity, in many situations significance depends on top-down factors such as the viewer's goals and knowledge. Studies combining neural recordings and behavioral observations have begun to elucidate how the brain selects visual stimuli based on top-down information. While many visual areas of the brain that ... |
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| Continuous Measurements of Eyeball Area and Their Spectrum Analyses -- Toward the Quantification of Rest Rhythm of Horses by Image Processing |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
T. Ohnishi; W. Chen; T. Kobayashi; Y. Honda; T. Saito; SOKA UNIV HACHIOJI TOKYO (JAPAN) DEPT OF BIOENGINEERING
|
| The motion of eyelids and eyeballs in domestic animals had been recognized well agreement with the sleep depth estimated by spectrum analyses of electroencephalogram at half closed eye and fully closed eye. This study aimed at quantitative estimating rest rhythm of horses by the analyses of eyeball movement. The mask attached with a miniature CCD camera was newly developed. The continuous images of the horse eye for about 24 hours ... |
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| Robust Computer-Assisted Laser Treatment Using Real-Time Retinal Tracking |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Nahed H. Soluma; Abou-Bakr M. Youssef; Yehia A. Badr; Yasser M. Kadah; CAIRO UNIV (EGYPT) DEPT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
|
| We propose a new computerized system to accurately guide laser shots to the diseased areas within the retina based on predetermined treatment planning, The proposed system consists of a fundus camera interfaced to a computer that allows real-time capturing and processing of a sequence of images at video frame rates, The first image in the sequence is used as a reference for manual treatment planning, A new segmentation technique was ... |
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