| Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD and VA Need to Improve Efforts to Identify and Notify Individuals Potentially Exposed during Chemical and Biological Tests |
FEB 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Davi M. D'Agostino; Robert L. Repasky; Tommy Baril; Renee S. Brown; Brian D. Pegram; Steven Putansu; Terry L. Richardson; Karen Thornton; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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 | Tens of thousands of military personnel and civilians were potentially exposed to chemical or biological substances through Department of Defense (DoD) tests since World War II. DoD conducted some of these tests as part of its Project 112 test program, while others were conducted as separate efforts. GAO was asked to do the following: (1) assess DoD's efforts to identify individuals who were potentially exposed during Project 112 tests, (2) ... |
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| Engineered Nanoscale Materials and Derivative Products: Regulatory Challenges |
22 JAN 2008 |
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| Authors:
Linda-Jo Schierow; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | Scientists and engineers are rapidly learning how to examine, design, and manipulate materials at the molecular level, termed nanoscale, between 1 and 100 billionths of a meter. The U.S. government has invested billions of dollars to ensure that American industry remains a global leader in the field, because the products of nanotechnology are seen to have great economic potential and offer possible solutions to national problems ranging from energy efficiency ... |
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| Identifying Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention in a Rat Model. Addendum |
DEC 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ralph W. deVere White; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
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| The purpose of this grant was to determine the molecular events that occur in the dorsal and ventral lobes of the rat prostate gland after 20 weeks of exposure to PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine). Our Final Report was submitted July 2007 and summarized our data from the completion of Task 1 and Task 2 (published in Neoplasia). Task 3 was still pending at that time. This Final Addendum Report includes data from ... |
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| Molecular Mechanisms of Nonlinearity in Response to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation |
12 OCT 2007 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Zelanna Goldberg; David M. Rocke; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
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| In this very new project we have begun a systematic evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of radiation adaptation. We have developed a wound-healing model that will provide a functional assessment of the promitogenic effects of low dose radiation exposure. We have begun detailed cell cycle analysis of low dose radiation exposure on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as survival as says following priming and challenge doses of ionizing radiation. ... |
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| Evaluation of Two Cold Thermoregulatory Models for Prediction of Core Temperature During Exercise in Cold Water |
20 SEP 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Castellani; Catherine O'Brien; Peter Tikuisis; Ingrid V. Sils; Xiaojiang Xu; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| COld thermoregulatory model(CTM) have primirily been developed to predict core temperature (t sub core) responses during sednetary immersion. Few studies have examined their efficacy to predict T(sub core) during exercise cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare observed T(sub core) responses during exercise in cold water with the predicted T(sub core) from a three-cylinder (3-CTM) and a six-cylinder (6-CTM) model, adjusted to include heat production from exercise. ... |
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| Feasibility of Biomonitoring of Exposure to Permethrin Through Analysis of Long-Lived (Metabolite) Adducts to Proteins |
SEP 2007 |
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| Authors:
Daan Noort; TNO DEFENCE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| Biomonitoring of exposure to the insecticide permethrin is usually performed by analysis of its urinary metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3- PBA). However, chronic low-level exposures and cumulative exposures cannot be assessed by analyzing urinary biomarkers. We are engaged in the development of a methodology to assess the cumulative internal dose of exposure to permethrin, which is based on the assumption that (reactive) glucuronide conjugates of the major permethrin metabolites 3-PBA and ... |
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| Identifying Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention in a Rat Model |
01 JUN 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ralph W. deVere White; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
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| The purpose of this grant is to determine the molecular events that occur in the dorsal and ventral lobes of the rat prostate gland after 20 weeks of exposure to PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine). PhIP is a potent inducer of mutations in the rate prostate where we have previously shown that it forms bulky DNA adducts. The scope of this research includes: 1)Generation of a rat model, 2) Analysis of the rat ... |
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| In Utero Exposure to Cadmium, Mammary Gland Development, and Breast Cancer Risk |
MAY 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer D. Webster; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC
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| In utero exposures to estrogen or estrogen mimics such may alter later breast cancer risk. Some of these estrogen-responsive pathways utilized during fetal development, are re-employed at times of tissue remodeling or wound healing during adulthood. These signal transduction systems effect proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis which in turn may affect later breast cancer risk. The heavy metal cadmium potently binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, having a half life ... |
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| Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging in US Army Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War Potentially Exposed to Sarin and Cyclosarin |
24 MAR 2007 |
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| Authors:
Kristin J. Heaton; Carole L. Palumbo; Susan P. Proctor; Ronald J. Killiany; Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd; Roberta F. White; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV
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| In March 1991, a munitions storage complex at Khamisiyah, Iraq was destroyed, potentially exposing more than 100,000 US troops to low levels of the organophosphate nerve agents sarin and cyclosarin. Little is known about the neurophysiological effects of low-dose exposure to sarin/cyclosarin in humans, although some research has indicated subtle but persistent neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in individuals exposed to sarin/cyclosarin at levels insufficient to produce obvious clinical symptoms. However, ... |
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| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
29 NOV 2006 |
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| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used mainly by the Department of Defense (DoD) and related industries, perchlorate also occurs naturally and is present in organic nitrate fertilizer from Chile. This very soluble, persistent compound has been disposed of in the ground for decades and has been detected in sources of drinking water for more than 11 million people. It also ... |
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| Third-Source Causation: An Alternative Explanation for the Check Mark Pattern |
AUG 2006 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
William G. Jackson; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE BROOKS AFB TX AIR FORCE HEALTH STUDY (RANCH HAND) BRANCH
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| The Air Force Health Study (AFHS) is a 20-year longitudinal study examining the health, mortality and reproductive outcomes of the Air Force Operation Ranch Hand veterans responsible for handling and aerially spraying herbicides (including Agent Orange), several of which were contaminated with 2,3 ,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. Several statistical analyses performed in the conduct of the AHFS have produced results that exhibit apparently paradoxical findings. These ... |
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| The Probitfit Program to Analyze Data from Laser Damage Threshold Studies |
MAY 2006 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Brian J. Lund; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SAN ANTONIO TX INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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| The ProbitFit program has been developed at the US Army Medical Research Detachment to analyze dose-response data from laser damage threshold experiments. ProbitFit expands on the capabilities of the Probit program, developed at the USAF Armstrong Laboratory, while producing identical results when used to analyze the same data sets. ProbitFit implements the iterative probit analysis procedure developed by Finney. Probit analysis and the fitting procedure used by ProbitFit is described. ... |
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| Studies on Neuronal Apoptosis Following Soman Exposure in the Rat |
01 OCT 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Price; J. R. Moffett; M. J. Williams; L. C. Velarde; I. Koplovitz; S. M. Schulz; F. C. Tortella; J. R. Dave; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Exposure to chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNA) is an ongoing threat to military personnel and civilian populations. The pathological consequences of CWNA exposure, including apoptosis, have not been well characterized. In the present study we have characterized the time course of the neuronal apoptotic events (caspase-3 activation, high molecular weight DNA fragmentation and Comet assay analysis) occurring out to 48 h following Soman exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with ... |
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| Relationship Between the Dose-Response Curves for Lethality and Severe Effects for Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents |
01 OCT 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas R. Sommerville; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed a categorical logistic regression approach for regressing ordered response categories on one or more factors due to toxicant exposures. This approach can also be used in analyzing chemical warfare agent toxicity. Towards this end, three previous mammalian studies (involving acute inhalation exposures to G-type nerve agents) were reviewed and analyzed. For all three studies, slightly more than one standard deviation separated an effective ... |
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| Gene-Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer on Long Island, NY |
14 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L. Teitelbam; MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
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| This research project will build upon the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP), a large population based, case-control study of the environment and breast cancer. Participants completed an in-person interviewer-administered interview, donated blood and urine samples and had home environment samples (dust, soil and water) collected. For this study, 200 cases and 200 controls who donated urine samples will be selected and their urine samples will be analyzed for ... |
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| Vasopressin Regulation and Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Handling in Rat Models of Acute and Chronic alcohol Exposure |
14 SEP 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine F. Uyehara; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
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| Fluid and electrolyte balance appears to be affected differently at different stages of alcohol use. In rat models of acute and chronic alcohol exposure and alcohol withdrawal, we systematically elucidated the role of vasopressin, an important hormone in body fluid regulation, in the physiological response to alcohol. Changes in vasopressin circulating levels do not account for altered fluid handling with alcohol exposure. Rather, alcohol-induced changes in renal responsiveness to vasopressin ... |
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| Combined Inhibition of Chk1 and MEK1/2 Leads to Tumor Cell Death In Vivo |
SEP 2005 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Dent; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
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| In vitro colony formation studies demonstrated that UCN-01 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD184352 interacted to synergistically kill human mammary carcinoma cells (MDA-MB- 231, MCF7) . Athymic mice were implanted in the rear flank with either MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 cells and tumors permitted to form to a volume of 100 mm(exp 3) prior to a two day exposure of either Vehicle, PD184352 (25 mg/kg), UCN-01 (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) or the drug combination. ... |
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| Therapy After Exposure to Toxins (I) |
SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
M. Polhuijs; A. M. de Vries; W. E. Kaman; TNO DEFENSE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| During their duties, military personnel can be exposed to military relevant toxins. Then, efficient therapy is needed. Alternative antibodies, aptamers, can be used to neutralise and remove the toxins from the body. Aptamers are developed by means of the SELEX technology (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). The results obtained in this report suggest that it is worthwhile to further develop aptamers against the neurotoxin saxitoxin. Development of aptamers ... |
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| Task Order Final Report for the Period 20 January 2003 to 19 January 2005 (Northrop Grumman) |
17 AUG 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Denton; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SAN ANTONIO TX INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
|
| The goal of the reviewed research is to determine the effect of laser radiation on human tissues. The analysis includes quantification of cellular and tissue parameters, response to laser irradiation and modeling of the laser-tissue interaction. The research encompassed photoacoustic, photothermal, cellular insult, photochemical and photomechanical processes and their effect on in vitro and in vivo models. Understanding laser tissue interaction is the first step toward optimizing military application of ... |
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| Application of Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Method for Field Sampling and Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Industrial Chemicals |
17 AUG 2005 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
Gary L. Hook; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOMETRICS
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| The first question that must be answered prior to substantive quantitative exposure monitoring, regardless of the sampling and analysis method employed, is: What chemicals are present? In order to answer this question rapidly, there is increasing demand for field analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds with instrumentation that provides definitive identification. The military's interest in this capability stems from Presidential Review Directive 5 and other Department of Defense implementing ... |
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| Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication |
17 AUG 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Smith; Michael C. Babin; Robyn C. Kiser; Robert P. Casillas; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic, mutagenic and vesicating properties. It use on the battlefield results in debilitating injuries to skin, eyes and the respiratory system (1, 2). To elucidate the toxic sequelae that follow cutaneous exposure to HD, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has undertaken a broad-based research program encompassing both intramural and extramural research. This report summarizes our current ... |
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| Control of Nerve Agent-Induced Seizures is Critical for Neuroprotection and Survival |
17 AUG 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
T. M. Shih; S. M. Duniho; J. H. McDonough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD DEPT OF PHARMACY
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| All six nerve agents studied were capable of producing prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) and neuropathology, and all 5 tested drugs were capable of terminating seizure activity. This presentation focused on the aspect of the influence of seizure activity, whether it was or was not terminated by any of the drug treatment, on neuropathological consequence and on mortality. Regardless of doses and drug treatment, control of seizure was strongly associated with ... |
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| Neuroprotection for Nerve Agent-Induced Brain Damage |
17 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Newmark; Gerald P. Ballough; Margaret G. Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This presentation will explain the rationale behind the neuroprotection Science Plan which has been established at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense as part of the medical chemical defense program. This program attempts to address a need that has not been specifically addressed before in any country, which is specifically to save vulnerable neurons that have been damaged due to seizures secondary to exposure to nerve agents. ... |
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| The Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Stress on the Acute Phase Response and Symptoms in the Chemically Intolerant |
AUG 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Fiedler; Robert Laumbach; Howard Kipen; Paul Lioy; Junfeng Zhang; Paul Lehrer; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OFNEW JERSEY NEWARK
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| Exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and other petrochemical combustion products were the exposures reported by the greatest percentage of all Gulf War veterans (GWV) . Along with diesel exhaust and other chemical exposures, psychological stress has been implicated in the onset of unexplained symptoms such as chemical sensitivity among GWV. The purpose of the proposed study is to test a model for chemical sensitivity in GWV, in which simultaneous acute ... |
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| Thermophysiological Responses of Human Volunteers to Whole Body RF Exposure at 220 MHz |
19 MAY 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Eleanor R. Adair; Dennis W. Blick; Stewart J. Allen; Kevin S. Mylacraine; John M. Ziriax; Dennis M. Scholl; ADVANCED INFORMATION ENGINEERING SERVICES BROOKS CITY-BASE TX
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| Since 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24-63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures ... |
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| New Approaches towards the Elucidation of Epidermal-Dermal Separation in Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Human Skin and Directions for Therapy |
01 MAY 2005 |
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| Authors:
Marijke Mol; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
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| This study sought to broaden knowledge about therapies for sulfur mustard (HD agent) exposure by examining the compound's mechanism of action. Results of experiments with a human skin ex vivo model show that apoptosis and metalloprotease activity are key elements in HD-induced skin pathogenesis, and that intervention in these two processes is successful in resisting microvesication and impairment of epidermal cells. The observation that pancaspase and metalloprotease inhibitors can prevent ... |
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| The Detection of Protective Antigen (PA) Associated with Spores of Bacillus Anthracis and the Effects of Anti-PA Antibodies on Spore Germination and Macrophage Interactions |
22 APR 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
C. K. Cote; C. A. Rossi; A. S. Kang; P. R. Morrow; J. S. Lee; S. L. Welkos; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
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| The protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxins is an essential virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis and is the major protective immunogen. The kinetics of PA production during growth of B. anthracis, and the roles of anti-PA antibody in host immunity are not clearly defined. Production of PA by the vegetative organisms peaks during the shift from exponential to stationary phase of growth. Recently, PA was also found to ... |
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| Neurotoxins and Neurodegenerative Disorders in Japanese-American Men Living in Hawaii |
APR 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
G. W. Ross; PACIFIC HEALTH RESEARCH INST HONOLULU HI
|
| Pesticide exposure has been associated with increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Results from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) supported by this project showed PD risk doubled in individuals who worked on plantations over 20 years. Others have found high organochlorine levels in brains from decedents with PD relative to controls and dopaminergic neuron toxicity has been demonstrated in vitro but not proven in humans. This supplement aim was to measure ... |
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| Dietary Genistein and Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention |
APR 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Coral A. Lamartiniere; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| The goal of this research is to determine if there is a developmental window for suppressing prostate cancer with the phytoestrogen, genistein, and its mechanisms of chemoprevention. Genistein in the diet has suppressed chemically induced prostate cancer in rats. Lifetime (starting at birth) exposure to genistein was more effective in conferring protection against prostate cancer than neonatal/prepubertal or adult-only exposure, suggesting that developmental effects plus maintenance regulation play a role ... |
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| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
23 FEB 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Perchlorate is the main ingredient of solid rocket fuel and has been used mainly by the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and related industries. This highly soluble and persistent compound has been disposed of on the ground for decades, and now has been detected in sources of drinking water that serve more than 11 million people. It also has been found in milk and ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Gulf War Veterans Exposed to Pesticides and Pyridostigmine Bromide |
FEB 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Maxine H. Krengel; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Gulf War (GW) veterans continue to complain of short-term memory and mood problems many years following their return from the Persian Gulf. Suspected causes for these health complaints continue to be investigated and include additive and/or synergystic effects of the varying combinations of exposures to pesticides, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), low-level nerve agents, and psychological trauma. Many pesticides are neurotoxicants as are PB and nerve agents. Two subsets of these chemicals, ... |
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| Effect of Pretreatment With Human Butyrycholinesterase Scavengers on the Toxicokinetics and Binding of Nerve Agents in Guinea Pigs and Marmosets |
JAN 2005 |
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| Authors:
Jan P. Langenberg; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
| An effective therapy against intoxication with nerve agents has been developed involving combined administration of atropine, oxime and anticonvulsant. Administration of the therapeutic agents almost immediately after intoxication is a prerequisite for their efficacy, which renders this approach less satisfactory under field conditions. The treatment is a fortiori much less effective if the nerve agent forms an inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that is, or rapidly becomes, resistant to reactivation by an ... |
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| Proteomic Analyses of the Acute Tissue Response for Explant Rabbit Corneas and Engineered Corneal Tissue Models Following In Vitro Exposure to 1540 nm Laser Light |
JAN 2005 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
T. E. Eurell; T. E. Johnson; W. P. Roach; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA
|
| Two-dimensional electrophoresis and histomorphometry were used to determine if equivalent protein changes occurred within native rabbit corneas and engineered corneal tissue models following in vitro exposure to single pulse, 1540 nm laser light operating at a pulse width of 0.8 milliseconds. Frozen sections of exposed tissues were processed to detect laser-induced protein changes. Isoelectric points, molecular weights and relative densities were used to characterize corneal proteins of interest that were ... |
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| Non-Invasive Methods for Determining Lesion Depth from Vesicant Exposure |
17 NOV 2004 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Braue E. H.; J. S. Graham; B. F. Doxzon; K. A. Hanssen; H. L. Lumpkin; R. S. Stevenson; R. R. Deckert; S. J. Dalal; Larry W. Mitcheltree; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Before sulfur mustard injuries can be effectively treated, assessment of lesion depth must occur. Accurate depth assessment is important, because it dictates how aggressive treatment needs to be to minimize or prevent cosmetic and functional deficits. Depth of injury is typically assessed by physical examination. Diagnosing very superficial and very deep lesions is relatively easy for the experienced burn surgeon. Lesions of intermediate depth, however, are often problematic in determining ... |
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| Forskolin, an Inducer of Camp, Up-Regulates Acetylcholinesterase Expression and Protects Against Organophosphate Exposure in Neuro 2A Cells |
16 NOV 2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Nabaneeta Pal; Bryan F. Curtin; Jaimee R. Compton; Richard K. Gordon; Madhusodana P. Nambiar; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Bioscavenger prophylactic therapy using purified human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butylcholinesterase (BChE) is a promising treatment for future protection against chemical warfare agent (CWA) exposure. However, the potential limitations of this approach has led to our investigation of alternative bioscavenger approaches using Forskolin, an inducer of cyclic AMP (cAMP). The optimal dose found for repeated treatment of Forskolin was 12-24 M. Exposure to the organophosphate diisopropylflurophophate (DFP) showed that Forskolin treatment ... |
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| Low-Level Inhalation Exposure to Chemical Nerve Agent Vapor Induces Expression of Neuronal Apoptosis and Regeneration Genes |
16 NOV 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Sekowski; M. A. Orehek; J. Bucher; M. Vahey; M. Nau; M. s. Horsmon; D. Menking; C. Whalley; B. Benton; R. Mioduszewski; S. Thomas; J. J. Valdes; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| For over a decade following end of the first Gulf War in 1991, there has been increasing concern to understand the immediate and persistent effects of sub-acute and low-level exposures to chemical warfare agents. Although low-level exposures may not cause obvious pathology at the time of exposure, they may cause molecular-level toxic injuries in the brain and other vital organ systems. The work described in this manuscript was designed to ... |
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| Hair Follice as a Source For Biomarkers Associated With Low-Level Vapor Exposure to GF and VX in the Rat And Minipig Model |
16 NOV 2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
A. Chambers; M. A. Orehek; B. Benton; S. Hulet; R. Mioduszewski; J. J. Valdes; J. W. Sekowski; M. DiAmico; J. Traicoff; V. Knezevic; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| During the aftermath of the 1995 subway terrorist attack in Tokyo, the thousands of individuals who sought treatment completely overwhelmed resources at local emergency rooms. Of these patients, those who thought they had been exposed to nerve agent outnumbered those who were truly exposed by a ratio of five to one. The most common test for OP compound exposure is measurement of blood acetylcholinesterase. Unfortunately, this blood test is neither ... |
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| Decreased Miotic Potency of Sarin Vapor Following Multiple Low-level Inhalation Exposures |
16 NOV 2004 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley Hulet; Edward M. Jakubowski; David Burnett; William Muse; Jacqueline Scotto; Emily Davis; Bernard Benton; Jeffry S. Forster; Sharon Reutter; Robert Mioduszewski; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
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| Serum Profiling for the Discovery of Biomarkers Associated With Low Level Vapor Exposure to VX GB in the Rat and Minipig Model |
16 NOV 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
M. C. Orehek; B. J. Benton; S. W. Hulet; T. Muse; D. B. Miller; C. L. Crouse; K. L. Matson; J. A. Scotto; J. S. Forster; J. Manthei; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The need to develop a rapid, low-level chemical nerve agent exposure detection system necessitates the development of a blood test that does not require individual initial baseline measurements. Toward this goal, we have begun a series of experiments to screen serum from animals exposed to low levels of OP nerve agents for biomarkers associated with exposure. This manuscript describes the use of strong anion exchange chromatography and Surface Enhanced Laser ... |
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| Empirical and Theoretical Dosimetry in Support of Whole Body Radio Frequency (RF) Exposure in Seated Human Volunteers at 220 MHz |
18 SEP 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Stewart J. Allen; Eleanor R. Adair; Kevin S. Mylacraine; William Hurt; John Ziriax; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/BIODYNAMICS ANDPROTECTION DIV
|
| This study reports the dosimetry performed to support an experiment that measured physiological responses of seated volunteer human subjects exposed to 220 MHz fields. Exposures were performed in an anechoic chamber which was designed to provide uniform fields for frequencies of 100 MHz or greater. A vertical half-wave dipole with a 90 reflector was used to optimize the field at the subject's location. The vertically polarized E field was incident ... |
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| Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Damages Brain Signal Transduction System |
SEP 2004 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin K. Caldwell; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE
|
| This final report details the results of our studies. The proposal's overall goal is to uncover biochemical mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. These studies have yielded novel information about the effects of fear conditioning on brain phospholipase C-Betala (PLC-Betala), indicating that PLC- Betala may play an important role in the biochemical processes underlying fear- conditioned learning and memory formation. We have uncovered the molecular basis of the observed association ... |
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| Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolities for Use in Risk Assessment |
SEP 2004 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Tammie R. Covington; Harvey J. Clewell; Jeffrey W. Fisher; ENVIRON HEALTH SCIENCE INST RUSTON LA
|
| A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed which provides a comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichioroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichioroethanol (TCOH), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), in the mouse, rat, and human, for both oral and inhalation exposure. The model includes descriptions of the three principal target tissues for cancer identified in animal bloassays: liver, lung, and kidney. Dose metrics that can be calculated with the model for ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUL 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| For Task 0001, Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility successfully functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations while developing and improving medical countermeasures against relevant chemical agents. In Task 0002, 594 total compounds/combinations have been tested in the mouse ear assay. In Task 0003, penetration cells, MS paper, rabbits and guinea pigs are used to test topical skin protectants (TSP). Gene array analyses of mouse skin exposed ... |
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| Medical Managment of the Acute Radiation Syndrome: Recommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group |
15 JUN 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jamie K. Waselenka; Thomas J. MacVittie; William F. Blakely; Nicki Pesik; Albert L. Wiley; William E. Dickerson; Horace Tsu; Dennis L. Confer; Norman Coleman; Thomas Seed; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and ... |
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| Environmental Exposures at Birth and at Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer |
JUN 2004 |
208 pages |
| Authors:
Jo. L. Freudenheim; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO AMHERST RESEARCH FOUNDATION
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| This population-based study examines early life exposure to environmental pollutants from industrial sites, toxic waste sites and heavily trafficked roadways as risk factors for breast cancer; with a focus on exposure to benzene and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAHs). We have geocoded 15,340 individual addresses for 3,286 participants in Erie and Niagara counties in New York State. A validation study assessed the positional accuracy of addresses geocoded on the Dynamap2000 using a ... |
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| Biotechnology for Near Real-Time Predictive Toxicology for Warfighter Protection |
JUN 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas J. DelRaso; Richard R. Stotts; John J. Schlager; Marck P. Westrick; Victor Chan; Nicholas V. Reo; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| An increasingly important issue in force protection is the toxicology associated with toxic chemical and mixture exposure at uncharacterized deployed sites. Current methods for determining or monitoring toxic exposures to the warfighter in their working or living environment are not adequate to prevent serious health effects. Deployed personnel may be exposed to toxic chemicals as a result of industrial accidents, intentional or unintentional activities of enemy or friendly forces, or ... |
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| Tools and Techniques for Enhanced Health Surveillance in Deployed Settings |
JUN 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth L. Cox; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX RISK ANALYSIS DIRECTORA
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| Historically, diseases and non-battle injuries (DNBI) have had the greatest impact on mission performance. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) continuously monitors health events in deployed troops, seeking to minimize the adverse effects of DNBI. For many years, military preventive medicine efforts focused on broad categories of endemic communicable diseases and non-battle injuries. As concerns surfaced about unexplained illnesses among Gulf War veterans and of possible disease clusters associated ... |
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| Investigation of Soman Adducts of Human Hemoglobin by Liquid Chromatography |
APR 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
B. A. Logue; B. J. Pieper; S. D. Royster-Cunningham; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Verification of exposure to chemical agents is a requirement of the intelligence, depot, and demilitarization communities to confirm claims of exposure to chemical warfare agents. Improving current analytical methods and developing novel methods to verify chemical agent exposure are vital, considering the increased threat of chemical agent use and therefore the possibility of large numbers and types of biomedical samples that a relatively small number of labs must analyze. The ... |
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| Sulfur Mustard- and Phosgene-Increased IL-8 in Human Small Airway Cell Cultures |
APR 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
F. M. Cowan; W. J. Smith; T. S. Moran; M. M. Paris; A. D. Williams; A. M. Sciuto; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Inflammation and edema are associated with respiratory and cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) as well as with phosgene-induced lung injury. IL-8 is a key chemotactic inflammatory cytokine that recruits neutrophils and contributes to progression of acute lung injury caused by inhalation of these chemical agents. In the present study, human lung small airway cell (SAC) cultures were exposed to either SM 25 to 400 micrometers or phosgene 0.1 to ... |
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| Photo-Oxidation From Mode-Locked Laser Exposure to hTERT-RPE1 Cells |
JAN 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Denton; Debbie M. Eikum; Gary D. Noojin; David J. Stolarski; Randolph D. Glickman; Benjamin A. Rockwell; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SAN ANTONIO TX INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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| Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (hTERT-RPE1) were used to detect photo-oxidation products generated from chronic NIR (810 nm) laser exposure. Exposure of a discrete area within cell monolayers provided a means of distinguishing fluorescence above background levels. Oxidative stress was detected using the fluorescent dye H2DCF-DA and its analog CM-H2DCF-DA. Fluorescence was detected in cells exposed to mode-locked (76 MHz, -160 femtoseconds) but not CW laser exposure. Detection of ... |
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