| High Strain-Rate Testing of Mechanical Couplers |
Sep-2009 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen P Rowell; Clifford E Grey; Stanley C Woodson; Kevin P Hager; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
 | Criteria for designing structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions are defined by Army Technical Manual (TM) 5-1300. These structures are built using steel-reinforced concrete. The current practice of splicing the flexural reinforcing steel is to lap the steel, which often creates a congestion of the steel in floors, walls, and adjoining corners. In 1971, a limited number of types of splices were tested at the U.S. Army Engineer ... |
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| Mission Connect Mild TBI Translational Research Consortium |
Aug-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
J R Perez-Polo; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
| Brain injury, particularly mild 'blast type' injuries due to improvised exploding devices are difficult to detect clinically, although there are long term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Key inflammatory cytokines are unregulated after traumatic insults that play a role in the development of long-term deficits. Early events are increased IL-1 and TNFalpha cytokine levels, that contribute to cell death and inflammation, and microglial and astrocytic activation, mediators dysfunction via persistent inflammation. ... |
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| An Engineering Trade Space Analysis for a Space-Based Hyperspectral Chromotomographic Scanner |
26-Mar-2009 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip Sheirich; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Hyperspectroscopy for fast transient events such as battlefield explosions is an undeveloped area of spectral imaging. This thesis is a discussion of issues involved with taking a laboratory design for a rotating prism hyperspectral chromotomographic (CT) instrument and producing a first approximation satellite payload design, operating scheme and trade space analysis to support demonstration of this technology in low-earth orbit. This instrument promises the capability of adding a time dimension ... |
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| Strengthening Hospital Surge Capacity in the Event of Explosive or Chemical Terrorist Attacks |
Mar-2009 |
271 pages |
| Authors:
Joan McInerney; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Medical Care is a Public Trust. Americans expect that hospitals and healthcare providers will be available and prepared to care for their every medical need. Yet the medical community is severely challenged daily to care for the influx of patients to its Emergency Departments with current resources. Healthcare is ill-prepared to meet community needs in the event of a mass casualty event from a terrorist attack using weapons of mass ... |
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| Evaluation of an OPNET Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks |
Mar-2009 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Clifton M Durham; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Over the last few years, there has been an explosion in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in military operations, as well as civilian and commercial applications. UAV Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are fast becoming essential to conducting Network-Centric Warfare. As of October 2006, coalition UAVs, exclusive of hand-launched systems, had flown almost 400,000 flight hours in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. This document outlines our ... |
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| The Economic Cost of Methamphetamine Use in the United States, 2005 |
Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
James Chiesa; Nancy Nicosia; Rosalie L Pacula; Beau Kilmer; Russell Lundberg; RAND HEALTH SANTA MONICA CA
|
 | This monograph presents the first national estimate of the economic cost of methamphetamine (meth) use in the United States. The analysis suggests that the economic cost of meth use in the United States reached $23.4 billion in 2005. Given the uncertainty in estimating the costs of meth use, the study provides a lower-bound estimate of $16.2 billion and an upper-bound estimate of $48.3 billion. The analysis undertaken to generate these ... |
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| Promising New High-Explosives: Triaminoguanidinium (TAG) and Dinitramide (DN) Salts |
Dec-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas M Klapoetke; Norbert Mayr; Joerg Stierstorfer; LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS UNIV MUNICH (GERMANY) DEPT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
|
| High nitrogen energetic materials with astonishing thermal behaviors and performances were synthesized by different metathesis reactions. Particularly the new compound triaminoguanidinium 1-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate (TAG-1 Me-AtNO2, 4) shows great explosion performance and may be an alternative to commonly used and toxic RDX. An improved synthesis for the promising energetic compound 4 is also presented. The new compound TAG2-OD (trianinoguanidinium 3,3'-bis-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-onate, 7) with an N-content of 60% and a relatively low isobaric (20 ... |
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| The Weakest Pillar: U.S. Northern Command's Role in Solving the Federal Government's Domestic Consequence Management Problem |
31-Oct-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Robert DeBuse; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Domestic Consequence Management has been marginalized in recent national strategy guidance. Agencies, forces, and command structures designated to respond and recover from a terrorist attack are not prepared for a large weapon of mass destruction (WMD) scenario. Radiological, explosive, and chemical WMDs represent the most likely terrorist threats to the homeland. An analysis of three case studies, each designed to model the most likely threats, yields deficiencies in command and ... |
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| Shear Wave Generation by Decoupled and Partially Coupled Explosions |
30-Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Heming Xu; Jeffry L Stevens; G E Baker; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The objective of this project is to investigate the sources of shear wave generation by decoupled and partially coupled explosions, and the differences in shear wave generation between tamped and decoupled explosions. A perfectly spherical explosion at the center of a perfectly spherical cavity large enough to fully decouple the explosion would generate no shear waves, so all shear waves from decoupled explosions are due to asymmetries in and near ... |
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| Numerical Modeling of Heterogeneous High Explosives |
01-Sep-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher M Engelhardt; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
|
| This report contains a numerical algorithm for modeling the detonation and explosion of a heterogeneous mixture of high explosive and small metal particles. The simulation examines a spherical explosive design with a mixture of nitromethane as the high explosive and steel as the metal particles. The algorithm provides a computational model of the detonation and explosion by producing position, velocity, and temperature profiles for the metal particles over time. For ... |
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| Solving Multi-Dimensional Problems of Gas Dynamics Using MATLAB |
01-Jun-2008 |
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| Authors:
L K Antanovskii; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) WEAPONS SYSTEMS DIV
|
| This report describes and implementation of a Godunov-type solver for gas dynamics equations in MATLAB(trade name). The main attention is paid to providing a generic code that can be easily adapted to particular problems in one, two or three dimensions. This is achieved by employing a cell connectivity matrix thus allowing on to use various structured and unstructured meshes without modification of the core solver. The code has been thoroughly ... |
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| Near Source Energy Partitioning for Regional Waves in 2D and 3D Models |
30-Apr-2008 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Ru-Shan Wu; Xiao-Bi Xie; Thome Lay; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ
|
| The complex excitation and energy partitioning mechanisms yielding regional phases are difficult to empirically separate by data analysis. Thus, numerical modeling approaches are valuable for investigating excitation and propagation of regional seismic phases. We use accurate full-wave simulations (2D and 3D finite-difference method, and 2D boundary element method) to calculate seismic wave excitation and propagation in near-source region. An embedded array slowness analysis is used for quantifying how energy will ... |
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| The UIR Framework: An Approach to Developing Culturally Savvy Logisticians |
25 MAR 2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Marvin S. Whitaker; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| An important long-term realization that has resulted from the Global War on Terror and the current counterinsurgency operations occurring in Iraq and Afghanistan is the explosion of needed cultural awareness insights that in itself has arguably created a cultural awareness revolution within the military services. The Department of Defense and the military services have placed an incredible amount of emphasis and resources to fuel this cultural awareness explosion. This paper ... |
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| Incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Burned Service Members: Preliminary Report |
FEB 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn M. Gaylord; Douglas B. Cooper; Janyna M. Mercado; Jan E. Kennedy; Linda H. Yoder; John B. Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Although sustaining physical injury in theater increases service members' risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), exposure to explosive munitions may increase the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The authors hypothesized a higher incidence of PTSD and mTBI in service members who sustained both burn and explosion injuries than in nonexplosion-exposed service members. A retrospective review of PTSD and mTBI assessments was completed on burned service members between September ... |
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| Prehospital Tourniquet Use in Operation Iraqi Freedom: Effect on Hemorrhage Control and Outcomes |
FEB 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Alec C. Beekley; James A. Sebesta; Lorne H. Blackbourne; Garth S. Herbert; David S. Kauvar; David G. Baer; Thomas J. Walters; Philip S. Mullenix; John B. Holcomb; MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER TACOMA WA
|
| We hypothesized that prehospital tourniquet use decreased hemorrhage from extremity injuries and saved lives, and was not associated with a substantial increase in adverse limb outcomes. Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved, retrospective review of the 31st combat support hospital for 1 year during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Inclusion criteria were any patient with a traumatic amputation, major extremity vascular injury, or documented prehospital tourniquet. Results: Among 3,444 total admissions, ... |
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| Spectral Studies of Shallow Earthquakes and Explosions: Implications for P/S Energy Partitioning, Stress Drop, and Discrimination |
16-Jan-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Shearer; Bettina Allmann; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA INST OF GEOPHYSICS AND PLANETARY PHYSICS
|
| We compute and analyze P-wave spectra from 18,101 earthquakes and 1770 explosions recorded by 196 broadband seismic stations in southern California at epicentral distances up to 100 km. We use an online waveform database stored on a RAID system at Caltech, which provides complete access to the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) seismogram archive. We compute spectra using 1.28s noise and signal windows, positioned immediately before and after the P ... |
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| Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical Equipment Standardization in the U.S. Navy Surface Force: A Case of Competing Objectives and Stakeholder Trade-Off Decisions |
14 DEC 2007 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
Jerome R. White; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The lack of a successful Standardization Program for Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E) equipment and components of ships in the surface force costs the United States Navy hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Approximately half of the total parts in the surface fleet are installed on three or fewer ships and nearly 20 percent are one of a kind. These parts are not officially considered to be "non-standard" since they ... |
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| Tympanic Membrane Perforation and Hearing Loss From Blast Overpressure in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Wounded |
OCT 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Amber E. Ritenour; Aaron Wickley; Joshua S. Ritenour; Brian R. Kriete; Lorne H. Blackbourne; John B. Holcomb; Charles E. Wade; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Primary blast injury is tissue destruction caused by the blast wave of high-pressure air that travels outward from an explosion. Tympanic membrane (TM) rupture is the most common form of primary blast injury. Since the ear is, by design, the body's most sensitive pressure transducer, it is the organ most commonly affected by the dramatic changes in ambient air pressure that occur close to an explosion. Studies of service members ... |
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| Identity Crisis: Defining the Problem and Framing a Solution for Terrorism Incident Response |
01-Sep-2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Landahl; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND SECURITY
|
| The date is July 17, 1996. Emergency services personnel from Suffolk County, NY and the United States Coast Guard respond to a report of a catastrophic explosion and the crash of a passenger airliner over the ocean off the southern coast of Long Island. The initial assumption is a nexus to terrorism. The East Moriches Coast Guard Station is designated as the operations command post, staging area, and evidence collection ... |
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| A Modular Approach to Time-Based UAN Simulation Development |
SEP 2007 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Betancourt; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The necessity to project naval combat power throughout the littorals has resulted in the explosion of growth in the development and implementation of wireless underwater networks. Contrary to the terrestrial wireless signal, which uses electromagnetic (radio) signals as a medium for the transfer of data, an underwater network utilizes acoustic signals to carry data. Additionally, unlike the terrestrial counterpart, the underwater acoustic network operates in a dynamic, ever changing environment ... |
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| Geomorphic Identification and Verification of Recent Sedimentation Patterns in the Woonasquatucket River, North Providence, Rhode Island |
MAR 2007 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Maureen K. Corcoran; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The Woonasquatucket River in North Providence, RI, is a postglacial river flowing approximately 18 miles from its headwaters in North Smithfield, RI, to Providence, RI, where it joins the Moshassuck River and enters the Providence River. In 1776, a powder mill was constructed along the river to support the Colonies efforts in the American Revolutionary War. The powder mill exploded in 1779, sending tons of gunpowder into the river. Subsequently, ... |
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| Mass Casualties in Combat: Lessons Learned |
01-Jan-2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Alex C Beekley; MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER TACOMA WA
|
| The current military trauma systems in Iraq and Afghanistan are effective at dealing with both routine multiple casualty events and the less common mass casualty event. Analysis of multiple and mass casualty events from current conflicts can provide critical lessons learned regarding triage and resource utilization that can potentially be applied to other conflicts or civilian multiple or mass casualty events. Although the findings of this study regarding blood product ... |
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| Decontamination of Explosives-Contaminated Range Scrap Using A Transportable Hot Gas Decontamination (HGD) System: Cost & Performance Report |
JAN 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah Furnari; Wayne Sisk; Steve Starbuck; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
|
| The Department of Defense (DoD) has numerous target, bombing, test, and firing ranges that have accumulated a substantial amount of recyclable scrap metal in the form of range residue. This scrap metal includes practice bombs, expended artillery, small arms and mortar projectiles, aircraft bombs and missiles, rockets and rocket motors, hard targets, grenades, incendiary devices, experimental items, demolition devices, and other materials fired on or upon a military range. This ... |
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| Droplet Breakup Energies and Formation of Ultra-Fine Mist |
13 SEP 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
K. C. Adiga; Heather D. Willauer; Ramagopal Ananth; Frederick W. Williams; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Blast-induced droplet breakup energy absorption and vaporization time scales were estimated for the fragmentation of a 0.5 mm parent droplet into 20 micrometer mono-dispersed droplets. The energy extraction from vaporization was found to be more significant in weakening the shock as compared to droplet breakup energy extraction. The efficiency of the droplet breakup process proved to be critical in increasing the total surface area of the ultra-fine mist (UFM) generated. ... |
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| Chemical Facility Preparedness: A Comprehensive Approach |
SEP 2006 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Pennington; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| Across the country thousands of facilities use, manufacture, or store large stockpiles of toxic and/or flammable substances. Many sites are clustered together in densely populated areas. If terrorists cause catastrophic chemical releases or explosions at these key facilities, large numbers of Americans will be put at risk of injury or death. Such attacks may also have a devastating impact on the U.S. economy. Surprisingly, in light of these risks most ... |
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| Evaluation of Ground Vibrations Induced by Military Noise Sources |
AUG 2006 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Donald G. Albert; Patrice Boulanger; Keith Attenborough; Michael J. White; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Measurements from locations with a variety of ground types were analyzed to determine the mechanisms and levels of the ground vibrations produced by airborne detonations of C4. The measurements show that an early seismic arrival from an underground path is always much smaller than the vibration induced by the air blast arrival. The acoustic-to-seismic coupling ratio for the atmospheric wave is a constant with respect to distance and peak pressure ... |
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| Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts |
14 JUL 2006 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
D. Schwer; K. Kailasanath; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC LAB FOR COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS
|
| This is the third in a series of reports focusing on numerical simulations of blasts and blast mitigation. This report uses the models developed in the first two to specifically examine the effect of water mists consisting of sub-50-micron droplets on blast shock-fronts and the development of quasi-static overpressure in enclosed spaces. In unconfined blasts, results showed that the water mist does not directly suppress the secondary reactions. Mitigation of ... |
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| A Review of the History of Fire Suppression on U.S. DoD Aircraft |
13 JUL 2006 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Donald P. Bein; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND LAKEHURST NJ
|
| As the Department of Defense's (DoD) Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program (NGP) culminates its research efforts, it is prudent to capture the history of fire suppression on DoD aircraft. This paper provides a synopsis of the history of fire suppression on DoD aircraft to provide a context against which the findings of the NGP can be assessed. The following aircraft fire suppression applications are reviewed: (1) power plant compartments, ... |
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| U.S. Nuclear Cooperation With India: Issues for Congress |
27 JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
Sharon Squassoni; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On July 18, 2005, President Bush announced he would "work to achieve full civil nuclear energy cooperation with India" and would "also seek agreement from Congress to adjust U.S. laws and policies," in the context of a broader, global partnership with India to promote stability, democracy, prosperity and peace. Administration officials have promoted nuclear cooperation with India as a way to reduce India's carbon dioxide emissions and its dependence on ... |
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| Formation of Ground Truth Databases and Related Studies and Regional Seismic Monitoring Research |
JUN 2006 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Ivan Henson; Indra Gupta; Robert Wagner; MULTIMAX INC LARGO MD
|
| The main objective of this project is the formation of databases providing ground truth for regional seismic monitoring research conforming to the latest Center for Monitoring Research (CMR) schema. Selected Calibration Event Bulletin (CEB) events from China, the former Soviet Union (FSU), and North America are reanalyzed using the seismic analysis software program Geotool starting with the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) solutions. In order to add a large number of ... |
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| Novel Laser-Based Hyper-Short Pulse Sources and Single Particle Devices |
08 MAY 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Alexander E. Kaplan; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| New results obtained in the field of extreme nonlinear optics and novel radiation sources: (1) The discovery of new principle of generating sub-femto- and zepto-second pulses and ultra-high magnetic field, using cyclotron-like radiation of highly-relativistic ionized electrons driven by a circularly-polirized petawatt laser (2) The prediction of nano-tsunami shock waves in the Coulomb explosion of nanoscale clusters ionized by high-intesity laser; (3) The proof-of-principle experiment and theory of medical application ... |
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| Collection and Analysis of Ground Truth Infrasound Data in Kazakhstan and Russia |
MAY 2006 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Won-Young Kim; Golam Sarker; COLUMBIA UNIV PALISADES NY LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY
|
| Our final report is in two parts. Part one is a text of a draft manuscript prepared for publication, titled "Seismic and Infrasound Observations at Borovoye, Northern Kazakhstan." In this paper, we have analyzed seismic and infrasound signals from large mining explosions in Northern Kazakhstan - Ekibaastuz (distance=380 km) and Kokchetav (distance=74 km) Detection of infrasound signals at these distance ranges at mid-latitude (50 degrees N), suggests the existence of ... |
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| Characterization of Exploding Film Plasmas Using Emission Spectroscopy |
May-2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
W J Sarjeant; A Halstead; K Burke; R Lange; J Mahan; H Moore; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO ENERGY SYSTEMS INST
|
| Exploding films have a variety of potential applications including current interrupters, ignition of energetic materials, and sources of intense light. However, characterization of these events remains a challenge as the average duration of an event is only on the order of 100 ?s in our studies. An effort to obtain a complete understanding of the exploding film and plasma generation phenomena is underway. This paper investigates the spectral and electrical ... |
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| Effect of Substrate Thickness on Exploding Films |
May-2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
A Halstead; H Moore; S Olabisi; J Zirnheld; P Strzempka; B Urbanczyk; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO ENERGY SYSTEMS INST
|
| The exploding wire phenomenon is well researched due to its vast and practical applications which include, but are not limited to, shock wave generation, pulsed power, Z pinch physics, plasma ignition, fuses, and fusing applications. However, the focus of this research is on a surrogate for exploding wires. In this research, metallized capacitor grade-polypropylene film was used as an alternative for the traditional wire of a uniform diameter. The films ... |
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| Seismic-Acoustic Active Range Monitoring for Characterizing Low-Order Ordnance Detonation |
APR 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas S. Anderson; Jason C. Weale; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A seismic-acoustic field data acquisition experiment was conducted in March 2005 to support the ERDC Environmental Quality program, Distributed Source focus area. The Distributed Sources focus area strives to characterize the level of contamination in range environments attributed to ordnance residue for the purpose of range management and environmental remediation. This remote sensing research project emphasizes seismic magnitude measurements and subsequent inference of partial detonations and unexploded ordnance. The analysis ... |
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| Characterization of Detonation Phenomena Observed in High-Speed Visible Imagery |
MAR 2006 |
118 pages |
| Authors:
Trevor W. Warren; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Measurements for radius, angular velocity, initial time of observation, and final time of observation were made for turbulent vortices around detonation fireballs. A proxy for vortex power, determined through unit analysis, was found to correlate well to initial (and final) time of observation with R(exp 2) equal to 0.8572. The linear trend on a log(sub 10)-log(sub 10) plot was indicative of a rapid decrease (over 10(exp -1 s)) in power ... |
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| Development and Calibration of a Frangible Leg Instrumented for Compression and Bending |
FEB 2006 |
|
| Authors:
M. J. Footner; D. M. Bergeron; R. J. Swinton; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA)
|
| In order to quantify the loads transferred to a human leg during a landmine explosion, the lower portion of the Frangible Surrogate Leg (FSL) was modified to incorporate a load sensor. This report describes these modifications and the work carried out to calibrate the response of the modified FSL (FSLM) to static and dynamic loads. Non-destructive drop tests were performed to characterise repeatability from test to test for a given ... |
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| Evaluation of Cross-Correlation Methods on a Massive Scale for Accurate Relocation of Seismic Events |
28 SEP 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Won-Young Kim; Paul G. Richards; David P. Schaff; Felix Waldhauser; Jian Zhang; LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY
|
| Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) at Columbia University is evaluating a method of locating seismic sources (earthquakes, explosions) based on the use of waveform cross-correlation (WCC) measurements instead of using the conventional measurements of seismic wave arrival time (phase picks). WCC measurements have been demonstrated to be 10 to 100 times more accurate, where they can be used. The principal issue we are exploring is the extent to which a significant ... |
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| Resource Sharing: Building Collaboration for Regionalization |
SEP 2005 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Susan K. Reinertson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| The major challenge in securing the homeland is to provide for all citizens effective and capable prevention and responsiveness to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive events. States have different homeland security organizational structures, priorities, funding strategies, and implementation methods. Consequently, the nation lacks a clear, uniform prevention and response strategy that translates into an overall capability that cannot be qualitatively defined. To combat this situation, the Department of Homeland ... |
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| Word Level Predicate Abstraction and Refinement for Verifying RTL Verilog |
JUN 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Himanshu Jain; Natasha Sharygina; Daniel Kroening; Edmund Clarke; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Model checking techniques applied to large industrial circuits suffer from the state space explosion problem. A major technique to address this problem is abstraction. The most commonly used abstraction technique for hardware verification is localization reduction, which removes latches that are not relevant to the property. However, localization reduction fails to reduce the size of the model if the property actually depends on most of the latches. This paper proposes ... |
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| Short-Range Seismic and Acoustic Signature Measurements Through Forest |
MAY 2005 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen N. Decato; Donald G. Albert; Frank E. Perron Jr.; David L. Carbee; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The effect of forests on low frequency military noise propagation is unknown. As part of a joint project, ERDC-CERL and ERDC CRREL conducted measurements at the Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant located in Texarkana, Texas, to investigate these effects. In this report, the short-range measurements conducted by ERDC-CRREL are documented. Blast noise waveforms produced by C4 explosions at distances from 30 to 567 m were recorded and are presented in ... |
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| Sequential Desorption of Nitroaromatic Compounds (NAC) from Soils |
MAR 2005 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Monika Emmrich; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are widely used energetic chemicals. Especially at many military facilities and former ammunition plants the contamination of soil and water with explosives and related NACs has been recognized as a serious environmental problem. Studies, performed on ranges in both the United States and Canada, have shown that there is a large degree of variability in NACs contamination type, concentration, and spatial distribution [11, 12, 15, 16]. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ... |
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| Submarine Hydraulic Fluid Explosion Mitigation and Fire Threats to Ordnance |
18 JAN 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
John B. Hoover; Jean L. Bailey; Heather D. Willauer; Frederick W. Williams; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Previous work has shown that leaks in submarine hydraulic systems can produce sprays and mists that are highly flammable and potentially explosive. To evaluate the feasibility of using currently available Fire extinguishing technologies for preventing or mitigating these explosions, large-scale tests were conducted in the SHADWELL/688 test area aboard ex-USS Shadwell. PKP AFFF, carbon dioxide, and water (applied with a Vari-Nozzle, a Navy applicator, and a water mist spray system) ... |
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| Test of Models for Electron Transport in Laser Produced Plasmas |
2005 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
D. G. Colombant; W. M. Manheimer; M. Busquet; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC PLASMA PHYSICS DIV
|
| This paper examines five different models of electron thermal transport in laser produced spherical implosions. These are classical, classical with a flux limit f, delocalization, beam deposition model, and Fokker-Planck solutions. In small targets, the results are strongly dependent of f for flux limit models, with small f's generating very steep temperature gradients. Delocalization models are characterized by large preheat in the center of the target. The beam deposition model ... |
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| Past Research on Sound Propagation through Forests |
OCT 2004 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Donald G. Albert; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This report reviews past scientific research to determine whether forests have any noise reduction effects for blast noise from artillery training or explosions. Unfortunately, there has been very little relevant work that would contribute to answering this question. For military noise sources, the main frequencies of interest are below 100 Hz. Most of the past investigations have been done at high frequencies using low-amplitude continuous wave noise sources rather than ... |
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| New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials |
31 MAY 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Zvatopluk Zeman; INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN PARDUBICE (CZECHOSLOVAKIA)
|
| The seventh consecutive Seminar on new trends in research of energetic materia?s is intended to be a world meeting of young people and university teachers working in the field of teaching research development processing analyzing and application of all kinds of energetic materials Topics include explosions of gaseous dispersing and condensed systems. |
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| An Augmented Virtual Reality Interface for Assistive Monitoring of Smart Spaces |
04 SEP 2003 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Shichao Ou; Deepak R. Karuppiah; Andrew H. Fagg; Edward Riseman; Roderic Grupen; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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| Large sensor networks in applications such as surveillance and virtual classrooms, have to deal with the explosion of sensor information. Coherent presentation of data coming from such large sets of sensors becomes a problem. Thus there is a need to summarize events while retaining the spatial relationship between sensors. Also, such systems are prone to routine failures influenced by hardware, software, or the environment. To recover from such failures, fault ... |
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| An Evaluation of Bioregulators/Modulators as Terrorism and Warfare Agents |
01-Jul-2003 |
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| Authors:
Zvonko Orehovec; Slavko Bokan; CROATIAN MILITARY ACADEMY (ZAGREB)
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| Bioregulators or modulators are biochemical compounds, such as peptides, that occur naturally in organisms. Advances in biotechnology thus create the potential for the misuse of peptide bioregulators in offensive biological weapons programmes. They are new class of weapons that can damage nervous system, alter moods, trigger psychological changes and kill. Within neuroscience over the last twenty years has been an explosion of knowledge about the receptor systems on nerve cells ... |
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| Laser-Based Instrumentation for Real-Time, In-Situ Measurements of Combustible Gases, Combustion By-Products, and Suppression Concentrations During Fire Suppression |
JUL 2003 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin L. McNesby; R. R. Skaggs; Andrzej W. Miziolek; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| This report describes results of a 3-year program to investigate applications of laser-based instrumentation to real-time measurements of combustible gases, combustion by-products, and suppression concentrations during suppression of fires and explosions. This program was sponsored by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. |
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| Analysis of Gases Produced by Three Underwater Cutting Devices |
JUL 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Lillo; J. M. Caldwell; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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| The gas produced during underwater testing of 3 cutting systems was collected and analyzed to assess the explosion hazard related to the 3 processes. The underwater plasma cutting system produced up to 6% H2, while the UK cutting rod produced up to 95% H2. As the lower flammable/explosive limits of H2 in air are 4%, H2 safety issues are potentially related to using both these cutting processes. However, the explosive ... |
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