| The Miniaturization and Reproducibilty of the Cylinder Expansion Test |
Oct 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
C G Rumchik; R Nep; G C Butler; B Breaux; C M Lindsay; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE/ORDNANCE DIVISION/ENERGETIC MATERIALS BRANCH
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 | The cylinder test (aka cylinder expansion or Cylex test) is a standard way to measure the Gurney velocity and determine the JWL coefficients of an explosive and has been utilized by the explosives community for many years. More recently, early time shock information has been found to be useful in examining the early pressure-time history during the expansion of the cylinder. Work in the area of nanoenergetics has prompted Air ... |
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| Unique Challenges of Flammable Liquid Fires in Ground Vehicles (Postprint) |
Dec 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
John R Hawk; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE/AIRBASE TECHNOLOGIES DIV
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| In 2006, the Fire Research Team of the Air Force Research Laboratory began studies on fire suppression for ground vehicles. The Fire Research Team is part of the Airbase Technologies Division in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and is located at Tyndall Air Force Base near Panama City, Florida. The studies were to look at the problem of protecting occupants in vehicles, not engine compartment or fuel tank fires. Specifically ... |
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| Numerical Modeling of S-Wave Generation by Fracture Damage in Underground Nuclear Explosions |
30-Sep-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Charles G Sammis; Ares J Rosakis; Harsha S Bhat; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
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| The quasi-static micromechanical damage mechanics originally formulated by Ashby and Sammis (PAGEOPH, 1990) has been expanded in three important ways: (1) An energy density function has been derived that allows a self-consistent inclusion of the effects of dynamic damage evolution on the elastic and anelastic response. (2) whereas the Ashby/Sammis model was only applicable to the case where the initial cracks are all parallel and the same size, we can ... |
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| Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus Anthracis using Laser Irradiation of Micro-Etched Platforms |
Mar-2009 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B Bacon; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| The purpose of this research was to determine the probability of kill for a thermal inactivation strategy for use against biological agents; specifically the resilient endospore of Bacillus anthracis (Ba). The effort focused on short durations (milliseconds to several seconds) and temperatures (300 to 1300 K) simulating the periphery effects after an explosion generated by conventional munitions. For an improved statistical counting, applied microlithography techniques were used to produce micro-etched ... |
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| Finite Element Analysis of M15 and M19 Mines Under Wheeled Vehicle Load |
MAR 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Pavlovic; William Ng; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ ENERGETICS WARHEADS AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
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| Unfuzed M15 and M19 mines are present in different proving grounds and test ranges, both as intended and unintended targets for testing of various munitions and weapon systems. There is a concern that these unfuzed mines may be accidentally driven over by various Army vehicles (HMMW, Bobcats, etc.). Composition B is typically the explosive found in these mines and also in many gun launched projectiles (i.e., 155-mm artillery, 3O-mm grenades, ... |
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| Seismic and Infrasound Energy Generation and Propagation at Local and Regional Distances Phase 1 - Divine Strake Experiment |
11 OCT 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Stump; Relu Burlacu; Chris Hayward; Kristine Pankow; Sue Nava; Jessie Bonner; Sebastin Hock; David Whiteman; Aileen Fisher; Tae-Sung Kim; SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV DALLAS TX DEPT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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| Eleven single infrasound systems and six infrasound arrays were deployed at existing seismic sites in Utah in order to gather a comprehensive set of seismic and infrasound recordings from rocket motor explosions. These preliminary efforts have resulted in the identification of regular (over 21 recorded) and large (40,000-80,000 lbs) surface explosions at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) of the Hill AFB. The rocket motor explosions occur about every ... |
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| Math-Based Simulation Tools and Methods |
10 OCT 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sudhakar Arepally; ARMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND WARREN MI
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| These briefing charts review numerous mathematical methods for simulating crashworthiness and occupant protection in motor vehicles. The following methods are reviewed: matrix operations, ordinary and partial differential system of equations, Lagrangian operations, Fourier transforms, Taylor Series, Finite Difference Methods, implicit and explicit finite element methods, and statistical methods (probabilistic and regression analysis). The slides are labeled as follows: HMMWV 30-mph Rollover Test, Soldier Gear Effects, Occupant Performance in Blast Effects, ... |
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| Test Methodology for Protection of Vehicle Occupants against Anti-Vehicular Landmine Effects (Methodologie d'essais pour la protection des occupants de vehicules contre les effets des mines terrestres anti-vehicules) |
APR 2007 |
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| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
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 | In 2001, the NATO/RTO HFM-090/TG-25 was created in response to the NATO/RTO HFM ET-007, which identified the lack of suitable information for injury assessment of the anti-vehicle mine threat. Furthermore, the Task Group was asked to help the STANAG 4569 Team of Experts to develop an injury assessment methodology for the qualification of light-armored and logistic vehicles (blast) land mines protection systems. Injury criteria, tolerance levels and measurement methods were ... |
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| Use of the Naval Hydrocode Gemini to Simulate In-Air Explosions and Predict Shock Conditions in Field Fortifications |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan C. Bennett; William F. Heard; Michael J. Roth; Ryan D. Stinson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| This paper presents results from a research and development effort directed toward the enhancement of warfighter capability to perform rapid vulnerability assessments of blast effects (from threats such as car bombs) on field fortifications. This is a capability that does not currently exist in the warfighters toolkit, and is considered to be of tremendous relevance based on the current operational environment and common mode of enemy attack. The approach to ... |
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| High-Speed Laser Imaging, Emission and Temperature Measurements of Explosions |
SEP 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Thuvan Piehler; Barrie Homan; Rachel Ehlers; Richard Lottero; Kevin McNesby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| This presentation reports results of laser high brightness imaging, optical temperature, emission and heat flux measurements of explosive combustion products by explosives. High brightness images were recorded by a high-speed camera synchronized to the output of a Cu-vapor laser (510 nm, 12 kHz). Time resolved measurements of temperature and heat flux of fireballs produced by open-air detonation of explosives were made using three-color pyrometry and high-speed heat flux gauges, respectively. ... |
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| High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Assessments |
14 APR 2006 |
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| Authors:
Clay Wilson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can disrupt at a distance numerous electrical systems and high technology microcircuits that are especially sensitive to power surges. A large-scale EMP effect can be produced by a single nuclear explosion detonated high in the atmosphere. This method is referred to as High-Altitude EMP (HEMP). A similar, smaller scale EMP effect can be created using non-nuclear devices with powerful batteries ... |
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| Combating Terrorism Technology Support Office 2006 Review |
01-Jan-2006 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT) WASHINGTON DC COMBATING TERRORISM TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT OFFICE
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| In the fight against those who would destroy our freedom, the United States Armed Forces, the Federal law enforcement community, and national first responders require new and improved capabilities. Since 2001, numerous departments and agencies have instituted programs to fill these gaps, but the Combating Terrorism Technology Support Office (CTTSO) has maintained its position at the leading edge of innovation. As a program office under the Assistant Secretary of Defense ... |
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| Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq: Effects and Countermeasures |
23 NOV 2005 |
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| Authors:
Clay Wilson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are responsible for many of the more than 2,000 deaths and numerous casualties suffered by U.S. and coalition forces since the invasion of Iraq. The bombs have been hidden behind signs and guardrails, under roadside debris, or inside animal carcasses, and encounters with IEDs are becoming more numerous and deadly. The threat has expanded to include vehicle-borne IEDs, where insurgents drive cars laden with explosives directly ... |
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| Explosive Comparison Trials; Cast TNT and TNT Drill Dust |
OCT 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J. Knox; Timothy J. Shelley; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NMSPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| A series of six blast experiments was conducted to compare the blast environments produced by Cast TNT (military TNT Demolition Charge blocks) and by TNT Drill Dust, a by-product of reclaiming cast TNT from decommissioned military ordnance. Each experiment employed 50-lb net explosive weight of the test explosive, and the blast environment was compared with that predicted by the ConWep software tool for uncased TNT. The Cast TNT produced a ... |
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| Apparatus for Utilizing Waste Heat from Weapon Propulsion System to Produce Vapor Explosion |
05 JAN 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Kuklinski; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| This patent application discloses an apparatus that uses waste heat generated by a weapon propulsion system to melt and, ultimately, superheat metal. Upon termination of the weapon's mission the apparatus explodes, thereby causing molten and superheated metal to be instantly introduced to the liquid medium through which the weapon travels. The reaction of the molten and superheated metal with the liquid medium produces a vapor explosion that significantly enhances the ... |
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| High Brightness Imaging for Real Time Measurement of Shock, Particle, and Combustion Fronts Produced by Enhanced Blast Explosives |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin L. McNesby; Barrie E. Homan; Richard E. Lottero; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| High brightness imaging (HBI) has been used to study the structure of the leading shock, particles immediately behind the leading shock, and the following contact surface of combustion front (i.e., the "fireball") produced during testing of enhanced blast explosives (two kg main charge weight) in real time. These measurements are preliminary, as only six different explosives formulations were tested. However, results show that HBI can provide valuable information regarding the ... |
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| Design and Validation of Modular, Reinforced Concrete Bunkers |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Roth; Thomas R. Slawson; CORPS OF ENGINEERS VICKSBURG MS
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| The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), has recently completed an experimental development and validation effort focused on the performance of reinforced concrete bunkers for use in Iraq and Afghanistan. The experimental work considered two similar structures: a field-improvised design observed to be in use in-theatre, and one developed by ERDC to meet specific warfighter requirements. Three objectives directed the experimental program, and ... |
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| Glass Breakage and Injury - Yet Another New Model? |
AUG 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Peter O. Kummer; BIENZ KUMMER AND PARTNER LTD ZOLLIKERBERG (SWITZERLAND)
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| Today, many quite sophisticated models exist for the calculation of glass breakage due to air blast loading and subsequent effects on persons within reach of the flying glass shards. Further, experience from accidents shows that the lethality rate from flying glass is rather low. Therefore, one might ask the question why do we need an additional new model and what shall it be used for? Despite the fact that the ... |
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| Design Level Ship Shock Simulation of USS WINSTON S. CHURCHILL (DDG-81) |
JUN 2004 |
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| Authors:
William A. Fensterer; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Because of the large number of ships crippled by indirect detonations during World War II, the U.S. Navy took an interest in underwater explosion phenomena. To ensure future ship survivability, Navy rules soon dictated that the first ship in every new class or flight would be subjected to ship shock test trials. The Navy selected the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, USS WINSTON S. CHURCHILL (DDG-81), as the most recent platform ... |
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| Feasibility and Design of Blast Mitigation Systems for Naval Applications Using Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems |
JUN 2004 |
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| Authors:
Julie A. Kitchenka; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| The recent trend of using fine water mist systems to replace the legacy HALON-1301 fire suppression systems warrants further study into other applications of the water mist systems. Preliminary research and investigation indicates that fine mists (20-25 micro droplet size) may reduce peak overpressures of a shock wave traveling through a space. Such pressure reductions could be used to mitigate the destructive effects of a shock wave (initiated by an ... |
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| Dirty Bombs: The Technical Aspects of Radiological Dispersion Devices |
JUN 2004 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin F. Visger; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Considering the ever-rising threat of terrorist attack and disruption of the economy and of daily activity, the potential strength of a radiological dispersion device must be evaluated. A dirty bomb is a weapon in the terrorist arsenal that is highly effective in creating chaos, panic and disruption. All of the immediate deaths caused by a dirty bomb are due to blast effects, however the public association with radiation and nuclear ... |
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| Simulation of Reaction Dynamics for Synthesis of Energetic Materials and Resistant Coatings |
10 MAR 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Sharon Hammes-Schiffer; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
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| The objective of this research was the development of theoretical and computational methods to guide the efficient synthesis of HEDM (High Energy Density Matter) for use in advanced propellants and POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes) for use in coatings resistant to extreme conditions such as heat and abrasion. The research centered on the design of new methodology for the simulation of hydrogen transfer reactions. The projects included the development of the ... |
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| An Introduction to Detonation and Blast for the Non-Specialist |
NOV 2003 |
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| Authors:
C. R. WIlkinson; J. G. Anderson; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION SALISBURY (AUSTRALIA) SYSTEMS SCIENCES LAB
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| Blast effects can play a significant role in target damage. This report gives an overview of how blast waves are formed and describes methods for scaling blast overpressure. The aim is to provide a concise overview of blast for the non specialist. |
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| Blast-Resistant Window Concepts |
JUL 2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
William S. Strickland; Mark Anderson; Dov Dover; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| Terrorist bombs threaten American civilians and military personnel both at home and abroad. Analysis of data from previous terror attacks indicates the largest number of injuries result from projected glass shards from shattered windows and facades. Three key issues have led to increased interest in new window materials as well as changes in building design codes: (1) actual terror attacks, (2) the threat of future terror attacks, and (3) monetary ... |
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| A Particle-Level-Set Based Sharp Interface Cartesian Grid Method for Impact, Penetration, and Void Collapse |
APR 2003 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Linhbao Tran; H. S. Udaykumar; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF MECHANICALAND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
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| An Eulerian, sharp interface, Cartesian grid method is developed for the numerical simulation of the response of materials to impact, shocks and detonations. The mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved along with evolution equations for deviatoric stresses and equivalent plastic strain. These equations are cast in Eulerian conservation law form. The Mie-Gruneisen equation of state is used to obtain pressure and the material is modeled as a Johnson- Cook ... |
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| Modeling an Improvised Nuclear Device in an Urban Environment |
MAR 2002 |
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| Authors:
William T. Viar; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| Current nuclear weapons modeling software, CATS and PDCALC, both have limitations that prevent them from accurately modeling a nuclear weapon in an urban environment. This thesis evaluated a conventional explosion simulator, Eblast(TM) , compared it to CATS and PDCALC, and evaluated its potential as a nuclear weapons modeler. This thesis had four objectives. The first objective reviewed the four blast effects: blast wave, thermal radiation, ionizing radiation, and electromagnetic pulse ... |
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| Non-Lethal Airburst Munition(s) for Objective Individual Combat Weapon |
15 AUG 2001 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Camilo A. Sanchez; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
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| Dynamic Lateral Earth Pressure on Underground Structures |
20 SEP 2000 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Sam M. Helwany; Asadul Chowdhury; WISCONSIN UNIV-MILWAUKEE DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
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| The dynamic lateral earth pressures resulting from underground detonation can cause severe damage to underground structures. The shock exerted on an underground structure caused by an underground explosion will vary with the detonation depth, the intensity of detonation force, and distance of detonation source from the underground structure. This study includes a preliminary investigation of the lateral propagation and attenuation of shock waves, and ... |
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| Fractal and Topological Complexity of Radioactive Contamination |
2000 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
N. G. Makarenko; L. M. Karimova; A. G. Terekhov; M. M. Novak; INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS ALMATY (KAZAKHSTAN)
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| There is verified the hypothesis about multifractal nature of radioactive contamination due to nuclear explosions on Semipalatinsk test site (STS) in Kazakhstan. The fields of terrestrial contamination have extreme high variability caused by a number of nature processes. There are used the methods of multifractal formalism and computation topology. The results of analysis support the existence of multifractal scaling which is different for natural and man-made isotopes. It means that ... |
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| A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Evaluation of Impulse Noise Criteria Using Human Volunteer Data |
OCT 1999 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Philemon C. Chan; Kevin H. Ho; Kit K. Kan; James H. Stuhmiller; JAYCOR SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The evaluation of impulse noise criteria is becoming more critical as many new weapons exceed exposure levels for single hearing protection set forth by the MIL-STD-1474D. Previous man-rating studies have consistently shown that auditory injury does not occur at these levels. Consequently, there is general belief that the current standards under predict the threshold at which injury occurs. Four impulse noise auditory injury criteria adopted by NATO countries, namely, the ... |
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| Blast Wave Mitigation by Water |
Aug-1998 |
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| Authors:
Philippe Chabin; Franck Pitiot; GROUPE SNPE PARIS (FRANCE)
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| Safety systems designed to mitigate blast wave effects are absolutely vital in the explosives industry. As a general rule, barricades made of soil, sand or concrete are used, but these systems cannot be moved once they have been constructed. Since plants or installations are frequently required to change location the concept of a mobile barricade is of considerable interest. The effect of a water wall on blast wave mitigation was ... |
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| Small-Scale Testing on Ground Shock Propagation in Mixed Geological Media |
Aug-1998 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Yingxin Zhou; Karen O Chong; Yaokun Wu; MINISTRY OF DEFENSE SINGAPORE APPLIED BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES DEPT
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| This paper presents results of a series of small-scale tests conducted to investigate shock propagation through mixed geological media. The tests were conducted in a granite quarry pit. Soil backfill with geotechnical properties similar to the in situ residual soil was placed on top of the granite rock to simulate the soil cover. A vertical charge hole was drilled in the granite rock to simulate an underground storage chamber. Various ... |
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| MINEFIELD DATABASING AND VERIFICATION IN THE US SECTOR OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, |
MAY 1998 |
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| Authors:
Thomas T. Steck; FRED CLODFELTER; RONALD R. RUPP; GEORGE B. MAKSYMONKO; SON T. NGUYEN; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMANDFORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
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| (U) THIS PAPER IS A NON-TECHNICAL DISCUSSION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF MAPS AND TABLES ATTEMPTING TO LOCATE THE NUMEROUS MINEFIELDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WAR IN BOSNIA. |
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| TARGET ACQUISITION ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTATOR, |
MAY 1998 |
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| Authors:
JAMES M. FAWCETT; TIMOTHY M. WATTS; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP BALTIMORE MD ELECTRONIC SENSORS AND SYSTEMS DIV
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS A SEMI-TECHNICAL DISCUSSION OF THE TARGET ACQUISITION ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (TA ATD) WHICH IS INTENDED TO DEMONSTRATE THE IMPROVEMENTS COMBAT VEHICLES WILL REALIZE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPLEMENT THE ADVANCES IN AUTOMATION THAT HAVE BEEN WORKED ON OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS. THE EMPHASIS IS ON THE DECREASE OF OPERATIONAL TIMELINES IN THE MULTISPECTRAL ACQUISITION, IDENTIFICATION, AND ENGAGEMENT OF TACTICAL TARGETS. THE PAPER CITES THE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ... |
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| LAND WARRIOR PROGRAM OVERVIEW, |
MAY 1998 |
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| Authors:
JULIUS F. BOGDANOWICZ; HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO EL SEGUNDO CA ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND DATA SYSTEMS GROUP
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| (U) THIS PAPER GIVE AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRAM DEVOTED TO THE LAND WARRIOR WHICH IS A MODULAR, INTEGRATED FIGHTING SYSTEM INTENDED TO ENHANCE A SOLDIER'S LETHALITY, SURVIVABILITY, MOBILITY, COMMAND AND CONTROL, AND SUSTAINABILITY BY PROVIDING IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTING, NIGHT VISION, WEAPONRY, BALLISTIC PROTECTION, AND LOAD CARRYING CAPABILITIES. THE PROGRAM IS SCHEDULED TO FIELD THE FIRST UNIT EQUIPPED IN THE FOURTH QUARTER 2000. THE PAPER DISCUSSES THE LAND WARRIOR'S PART ... |
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| TACTICAL SENSORS PROGRAM, |
MAY 1998 |
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| Authors:
EDWARD CARAPEZZA; DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA
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| (U) THIS PAPER IS COMPOSED OF THE SLIDES USED IN THE AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION GIVING A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SNIPER DETECTION AND TACTICAL SENSORS PROGRAMS, DEMONSTRATING SNIPER DETECTION SYSTEMS, INTERNETTED UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS (IUGS), MINIATURE ADVANCED SENSORS, AND ADVANCED MICRO IUGS. THE SLIDES DISPLAY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES, AND IMPACT AND SPONSORSHIP. THE PAPER IS NECESSARILY SEMI-TECHNICAL SHOWING SCHEDULING AND BROAD DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE CONCEPTS, INVOLVING SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION, GENEROUSLY ... |
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| Shock Testing the SEAWOLF Submarine, Final Environmental Impact Statement |
MAY 1998 |
563 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This FEIS evaluates the environmental consequences of shock testing the SEAWOLF submarine at an offshore location. The submarine would be subjected to a series of five 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) explosive charge detonations of incrementally increasing intensity sometime between 1 April and 30 September 2000. The FEIS evaluates a no action alternative and analyzes in detail two alternative areas offshore of Mayport, Florida and Norfolk, Virginia. Alternatives are compared with ... |
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| Design, Construct and Test the Hi-Therm Simulator |
01 FEB 98 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Peter D. Zavitsanos; Michael C. Matthews; L. D. DeDominicis; Howard Semon; Kenneth Lerner; GENERAL SCIENCES INC SOUDERTON PA
|
| Under the previous SBIR programs, GSI investigated the application of highly exothermic intermetallic reactions with the most energetic of these reactions constituting the basis for the Hi-Therm Simulator. The objective of the technical effort pursued under this effort was to develop and demonstrate a thermal source simulator prototype which is capable of uniformly irradiating a 30 foot by 10 foot area with a target plane peak flux of 150 cal/cm^2/sec ... |
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| DARK CURRENT GENERATING MECHANISMS IN SHORT WAVELENGTH INFRARED PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
R. E. DeWames; D. D. EDWALL; M. Zandian; L. O. Bubulac; J. G. Pasko; W. E. TENNANT; J. M. ARIAS; A. D'SOUZA; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP THOUSAND OAKS CA SCIENCE CENTER
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| (U) THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTUM EFFICIENCIES OF DOUBLE LAYER HETEROSTRUCTURE PHOTODIODES, AND REPORTS RESULTS ON DEVICES WITH CUTOFF WAVELENGTHS OF 1.8, 2.4, AND 3.3 MICRONS. THE RESULTS OBTAINED ARE ALLEGEDLY EXPLAINED BY SIMPLE MODELS USING INDEPENDENTLY MEASURE LAYER PARAMETERS SUCH AS THE MINORITY CARRIER LIFETIMES. ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT THE SHALLOW SHOCKLEY-HALL-READ (SHR) CENTERS LOCATED AT 78% OF THE ENERGY GAP CAUSE THE EFFECTS, AND ARE NOT ... |
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| COMPARISON OF MBT AND BTQB QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR DESIGNS, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
S. W. KENNERLY; D. W. BEEKMAN; J. W. LITTLE; A. C. Goldberg; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO GAAS/ALGAAS QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETCTOR (QWIP) DESIGNS; THE MINIBAND TRANSPORT (MBT) AND THE BOUND TO QUASI-BOUND (BTQB). TWO QWIP DETECTOR TEST ARRAYS WERE PREPARED, DESIGNED TO HAVE THE SAME PEAK OPERATING WAVELENGTH, DOPING DENSITY, BARRIER THICKNESS, AND EXCITED STATE BINDING ENERGY. THE DETECTORS ARE LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED (LWIR), EACH HAVING ABOUT A 9.1 MICRON PEAK WAVELENGTH. THE DETECTOR ARRAY TEST STRUCTURES USED ... |
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| MWIR DLPH HGCDTE PHOTODIODE PERFORMANCE DEPENDENCE ON SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
A. I. D'SOUZA; J. BAJAJ; R. E. DeWames; D. D. EDWALL; N. N. NAYAR; BOEING NORTH AMERICAN ANAHEIM CA
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS FOR P-ON-N DLPH DEVICES FABRICATED IN PACE-1 AND COMPARES THEM TO P-ON-N DLPH DEVICES FABRICATED IN LATTICE MATCHED CDZNTE GROWN AT THE SAME TIME IN THE SAME FURNACE AND PROCESSED TOGETHER. RESULTS ARE ALSO COMPARED TO PREVIOUSLY FABRICATED N+-ON-P PACE-1 DEVICES. THE PAPER DESCRIBES THE MATERIAL GROWTH AND PRESENTS RELEVANT MATERIAL PARAMETERS OBTAINED. DEVICE ARCHITECTURE AND FABRICATION IS DESCRIBED IN THE PAPER AND THE PAPER ... |
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| THE IMPACT OF SUBMICRON CMOS ON IR FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
L. J. KOZLOWSKI; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP THOUSAND OAKS CA SCIENCE CENTER
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES SOME OF THE ADVANCES IN CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT THAT HAVE LED TO ADVANCES IN MIXED SIGNAL VLSI READOUT CIRCUITS USED IN INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS, AND TO COST REDUCTIONS AND A RAPID EVOLUTION OF INTEGRATED SENSORS. THE PAPER DISCUSSES THE HYBRID TECHNOLOGY AND THE EFFECT ON COST AND MANUFACTURING. THE PAPER DISCUSSES FABRICATION OF 128X128 READOUTS IN CMOS PROCESSES ENCOMPASSING 0.5 MICRON THROUGH 2 MICRON LITHOGRAPHY. ... |
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| A SPECTROMETER ON A CHIP FOR SWIR, MWIR, AND LWIR BANDS: INTEGRATED HYPERSPECTRAL AND MULTISPECTRAL INFRARED FOCAL PLANES, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
A. Hoffman; J. West; S. BYERS; G. CARDENAS; M. DAHLIN; J. ELLIOTT; T. MERLO; J. OLESON; S. ORTEGA; SANTA BARBARA RESEARCH CENTER GOLETA CA
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS A BRIEF SKETCH OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND MULTISPECTRAL INFRARED SENSOR CHIP ASSEMBLIES (SCAS) DESIGNED, FABRICATED, AND TESTED USING A CONCEPT THAT ALLOWS INTEGRATION OF THE SPECTRAL DEFINITION FILTERS DIRECTLY INTO THE SCA, WHICH BECOMES A SPECTROMETER ON A CHIP, MADE DESIRABLE AT LOW COST AS A SPECTRAL IMAGER. THE COLOR DISPERSION IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH A WEDGE FILTER, WHILE THE MULTISPECTRAL BAND SELECTION IS DEFINED BY A FILTER ... |
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| SILICON MICROBOLOMETER UNCOOLED INFRARED FPAS WITH 50 MK NETD, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
W. RADFORD; A. FINCH; A. KENNEDY; J. KOJIRO; D. Murphy; M. RAY; R. WYLES; R. CODA; D. GLEICHMAN; SANTA BARBARA RESEARCH CENTER GOLETA CA
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| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES AN UNCOOLED MICROBOLOMETER, BASED ON VANADIUM OXIDE USING A DRY ETCH PROCESS, AND DESIGNED FOR GENERAL USE, BUT SPECIFICALLY INCORPORATED INTO A PROTOTYPE RIFLE SIGHT. THE MONOLITHIC FPA UTILIZES A CMOS READOUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ROIC) THAT IS CLAIMED TO ACHIEVE HIGH SENSITIVITY, LOW OUTPUT NONUNIFORMITY, AND LARGE SCENE DYNAMIC RANGE. THE 320X240 FPA HAS 50X50 MICRON PIXELS AND OPERATES AT FRAME RATES UP TO 60 HZ ... |
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| DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE AND FREQUENCY REPSONSE IN LOW COST UNCOOLED A-SI MICROBOLOMETER ARRAYS, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
T. SCHIMERT; R. GOOCH; R. KELLER; W. MCCARDEL; B. RITCHEY; R. TERRILL; S. BORRELLO; TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC DALLAS
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| (U) THIS PAPER PRESENTS A SUMMARY OF AMORPHOUS SILICON (A-SI) DEPOSITION AND FILM PROPERTIES. THE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND TRADEOFFS LEADING TO ENHANCED PERFORMANCE AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN UNCOOLED A-SI MICROBOLOMETER ARRAYS ARE DISCUSSED. THE ARRAYS UNDER DEVELOPMENT INCLUDE 15X31, 120X160, AND 256X78 FORMATS. THE ROIC UNDER DEVELOPMENT INVOLVES A UNIT CELL SWITCHED CAPACITOR INTEGRATING AMPLIFIER DESIGN, WHICH PERFORMS FULL FRAME INTEGRATION IN A SERIES OF SUBFRAME INTEGRATIONS. THE ISSUES SURROUNDING ... |
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| ADVANCED AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT VEHICLE (AAAV), |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
WALTER ZEITFUSS; DIRECT REPORTING PROGRAM MANAGER ADVANCED AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT WOODBRIDGE VA
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| (U) THIS PAPER IS DEMONSTRATED IN THE SLIDES PRESENTED BY THE AUTHOR IN HIS PAPER. THE SLIDES INDICATE THAT THE MISSION IS TO PROVIDE HIGH SPEED TRANSPORT OF EMBARKED MARINE INFANTRY FROM SHIPS LOCATED BEYOND THE HORIZON TO INLAND OBJECTIVES; AND TO PROVIDE ARMOR PROTECTED LAND MOBILITY AND DIRECT FIRE SUPPORT DURING COMBAT OPERATIONS ASHORE. IT INDICATES THAT THE WHOLE TRADE STUDY INFLUENCES SYSTEM DESIGN, COMBINED WITH HIGHER ISSUES. |
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| LOW EMISSIVITY POLYMER-METAL PIGMENTS AND COATINGS, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
A. YIALIZIS; M. J. MEISNER; D. C. Booth; P. SARMAN; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE NEED FOR AND USE OF LOW EMISSIVITY VACUUN DEPOSITED METAL AND/OR DIELECTRIC THIN FILMS USED TO COAT VARIOUS SUBSTRATES FOR USE IN THE FINAL APPLICATION OR FOR PIGMENT PRODUCTION, WITH COST CONSIDERATIONS. A HIGH SPEED POLYMER DEPOSITION PROCESS HAS BEEN USED TO PRODUCE MULTILAYER THIN FILM COATINGS AND PIGMENTS IN A VACUUM ENVIRONMENT. MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACRYLATE POLYMERS WITH GOOD THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ARE DISCUSSED. METAL/POLYMER ... |
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| DYNAMIC CLOUD TARGET OBSCURATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (DCTOMS), |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
JAMES G. YALE; DENNIS R. BODRERO; WILLIAM J. JOHNSON; GREGG R. ALLEN; ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND UT
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| (U) THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A SYSTEM, THE DYNAMIC CLOUD TARGET OBSCURATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, MEANT TO BE A SURROGATE TO THE HUMAN OBSERVER., WHICH IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING OF VIDEO TAPE ACQUIRED DURING THE TEST OF TARGET OBSCURATION. A DESCRIPTION OF THE ALGORITHM USED IS GIVEN, INCLUDING THE INITIAL RESULTS AND A STATISTICAL EVALUATION COMPARING HUMAN OBSERVER TARGET OBSCURATION READINGS AND THE DATA PROCESSED USING THE TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED IN ... |
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| CALIBRATION AND TESTING OF A COMPUTER-BASED CAMOUFLAGE EVALUATION SYSTEM, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
LISA B. HEPFINGER; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER MA
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE MOBILE ARMY CAMOUFLAGE EVALUATION SYSTEM WHICH WAS DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE DEVELOPERS OF SOLDIER CAMOUFLAGE TREATMENTS WITH A PORTABLE, COMPUTER BASED TOOL FOR RANKING THE FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PROTOTYPES, CORRELATING WITH HUMAN VISUAL EVALUATIONS. THE SYSTEM DETERMINES THE VALUE OF A SET OF FEATURES FOR EACH COMPONENT OF THE INTERNATION COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION (CIELAB) COLOR SPACE, INCLUDING STATISTICAL TEXTURE MEASUREMENTS AND FIRST ORDER DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR ... |
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| STATE OF THE ART BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE FACILITY AT NSWC, CARDEROCK, |
FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
PETER SARMAN; JAMES JAFOLLA; MICHAEL BEECROFT; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD
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| (U) THIS PAPER DISCUSSES A BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTOMETER (BDR) DESIGNED AND FABRICATED BY SURFACE OPTICS, INC. TO A DETAILED PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION. THIS INSTRUMENT INCORPORATES TWO BROADBAND AND FIVE LASER SOURCES WHICH PROVIDE A SPECTRAL RANGE OF 0.3 TO 12.5 MICRONS WITH A NOISE FLOOR LEVEL OF E-3 STER(-1) FOR BROADBAND SOURCES AND E-6 FOR LASER SOURCES. ATTAINABLE INCIDENT ANGLES ARE 0 TO 80 DEGREES WITH BROADBAND SOURCES AND 0 TO 85 ... |
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