| Approaches to Improving Transmon Qubits |
15-Dec-2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Bryan Jacobs; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
 | Progress (1) We have completed fabrication at JHU/APL of a variety of microwave resonator cavities. The devices have been diced and are ready for use. We have: a. Sapphire substrate, aluminum lift-off b. Sapphire substrate, niobium lift-off c. 110 silicon substrate, aluminum lift-off d. 110 silicon substrate, niobium lift-off (2) The machine shop finished fabrication of our specially-designed evaporator jig to allow double-angle evaporation (to form the transmon with a ... |
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| Development of a Versatile Conditioning Wind Tunnel for Evaporative Fate Studies |
Oct-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
H D Durst; James E Danberg; Daniel J Weber; Daniel Waysbort; Clayton S Moury; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This report documents the development of a conditioning wind tunnel that allows multiple test samples to be conditioned at identical environmental settings that are used in smaller vapor sampling wind tunnels. The conditioning of multiple samples, especially those involving persistent chemicals, allows for the efficient use of a limited number of instrumented vapor sampling tunnels. Up to nine samples can be sequentially and quickly cycled through the instrumented vapor wind ... |
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| Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Electrospray Plume from an Externally Wetted Tungsten Ribbon Emitter |
Aug-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Yu-Hui Chiu; Brian W Ticknor; Shawn W Miller; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| Angle-resolved mass spectrometry in conjunction with retarding potential energy analysis provides information on the mechanisms of ion field evaporation and spatial distributions of the emitted ions and droplets, the latter being of particular importance in the emitter array configuration. In the present study, we conduct mass spectrometric, retarding potential, and angular distribution measurements for ions. The angle resolved measurements indicate that the spray comprises a mixture of droplets and ions. ... |
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| Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents Measured Using 5 CM Wind Tunnels. 2. Munitions Grade Sulfur Mustard From Sand |
Jul-2009 |
184 pages |
| Authors:
H D Durst; Erin L Maloney; Christopher V Giannaras; Bruce E King; Joseph P Myers; Robert G Nickol; Seok H Hong; Kenneth B Sumpter; Carol A Brevett; John J Pence; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP GUNPOWDER MD
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| The evaporation of sulfur mustard from sand was studied as a function of temperature, drop size and air flow rate, using the same instrumentation as prior studies on glass. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed; and an empirical equation was determined that would allow for the calculation of the evaporation rate given the environmental conditions. |
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| First-Principles Monte-Carlo Simulation of Homogeneous Condensation in Atomic and Molecular Plumes |
Jun-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sergey Gimelshein; Ingrid Wysong; Ryan Jansen; Michael Zeifman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| First-principles kinetic theory is used in this work to analyze non-equilibrium homogeneous condensation of argon and water. The present model uses a recombination-reaction energy-dependent mechanism of the DSMC method for the dimer formation, and RRK model for the evaporation. Three-step validation of the model is conducted, (i) comparison of clusterization rates in an equilibrium heat bath with theoretical predictions, (ii) comparison of the argon dimer fractions in an orifice expansion ... |
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| Non-Evaporative Cooling Using Spin-Exchange Collision in an Optical Trap |
03-Feb-2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Jacob L Roberts; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
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| This report describes, with references, three areas of research that addressed open questions relevant to the implementation of a novel nonevaporative cooling technique for ultracold gases, called collision-assisted Zeeman (CAZ) cooling. First, robust CAZ cooling requires efficient optical pumping in dense ultracold gases in which reabsorption of scattered photons is a serious limitation. Mitigation of reabsorption in such gases via the temporal and spatial modulation of light is reported. Second, ... |
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| Convective Evaporation Through Water-Permeable Membranes for Rapid Beverage Chilling |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
D Pickard; M Izenson; W Chen; C W Haering; J Sung; CREARE INC HANOVER NH
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| This paper presents the results of a Phase III SBIR project that aims to produce a lightweight, evaporative beverage chiller. Soldiers equipped with this Individual Cooling Element (ICE) will be able to cool their beverages by at least 11 deg C (20 deg F) in hot, arid environments where relief from heat stress is critical. Testing and analysis showed that it was feasible to meet performance goals for high cooling ... |
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| Threshold Voltage Improvement and Gate Leakage Current Reduction in a Multi-dot Room Temperature Operating Single Electron Transistor (RT-SET) |
Dec-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
P S Karre; Paul L Bergstrom; Manoranjan Acharya; Daw D Cheam; MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV HOUGHTON DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| The single-electron transistor (SET) is one of the best candidates for future nano electronic circuits because of its ultralow power consumption and small size. SET devices operate on the principle of Coulomb blockade, which is more prominent at dimensions of a few nano meters. Typically, the SET device consists of two capacitively coupled ultra small tunnel junctions with a nano island between them. The electron tunneling through the tunnel junctions ... |
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| On the Ignition and Combustion Variances of Jet Propellant-8 and Diesel Fuel in Military Diesel Engines |
22-Sep-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schihl; Laura Hoogterp; ARMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| Currently, the U.S. Army can not purchase commercial off the shelf (COTS) on-road diesel engines for tactical wheeled vehicles due to a variety of reasons related to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission regulations. Such reasons include Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) incompatibility issues with exhaust after treatment devices and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems, unstable combustion regimes at part-load operation while operating on widely varying cetane number fuels such as JP-8, ... |
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| Evaporation of HD Droplets From Nonporous, Inert Surfaces in TGA Microbalance Wind Tunnels |
Sep-2008 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth B Sumpter; Seok H Hong; Wendel J Shuely; Robert G Nickol; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| The environmental fate of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is important because the contact or vapor hazard is critical input for models used to support decisions on the level of individual protection at fixed sites. Two different microbalances, configured in a wind-tunnel geometry, were used to measure the evaporation and desorption rates from surfaces. The overall experimental design covers several neat and thickened agents and several material surfaces. The initial elements ... |
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| Efficacy of Body Ventilation System for Reducing Strain in Warm and Hot Climates |
MAR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Troy D. Chinevere; Bruce S. Cadarette; Daniel A. Goodman; Brett R. Ely; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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 | This study determined whether a torso-vest forced ambient air body ventilation system (BVS) reduced physiological strain during exercise-heat stress. Seven heat-acclimated volunteers attempted nine, 2-h treadmill walks at 200 W/sq m in three environments, -40 C, 20% rh (HD), 35 C, 75% rh (HW), and 30 C, 50% rh, (WW) wearing the Army Combat Uniform, interceptor body armor (IBA) and Kevlar helmet. Three trials in each environment were BVS turned ... |
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| Velocity Profile Characterization for the 5-CM Agent Fate Wind Tunnels |
JAN 2008 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J. Weber; Mary K. Scudder; Clayton S. Moury; Wendel J. Shuely; John W. Molnar; James E. Danberg; Miles C. Miller; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This report describes the velocity profile characterization of the 5-cm Agent Fate Wind Tunnel. This facility, which fits in a standard chemical fume hood, is used to measure the release and retention of chemical warfare agents from various materials under simulated environmental conditions. The tunnel creates specified vertical velocity profiles representing the lower portion of the velocity profile produced by a wind-induced, atmospheric boundary layer. Characterization refers to the measurement ... |
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| Trapped Vortex Combustor Development for Military Aircraft |
2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
K. Barlow; D. Burrus; E. Stevens; B. Duncan; S. Lamellar; R. Boehm; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND PATUXENT RIVER MD PROPULSION AND POWER ENGINEERING
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| Tomorrow's military aircraft will require improved durability leading to life-cycle cost reductions and reduced emission levels while demanding higher performance. A combustor concept that is being developed with these goals in mind is the Trapped Vortex Combustor (TVC). Early testing at AFRL showed that the TVC has the potential to deliver exceptional performance and low emissions. Based on its potential for high power performance, the TVC was chosen as the ... |
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| Surface Plasmon Polariton Dependence on Metal Surface Morphology |
13 NOV 2007 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E. Peale; UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO
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| Generation and propagation of surface plasmons on nano-structured gold films was studied using optical and electron-beam techniques. Optical excitation of surface plasmons in Au-black films prepared by evaporation in moderate vacuum was observed. Initial indication of propagation of surface plasmons at visible-light frequencies over ~10 nm length scales was observed. A tunable terahertz detector based on two-dimensional plasmons in a semiconductor heterostructure was designed. These results have application to the ... |
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| Profiling Jet Fuel on Neurotoxic Components With Comprehensive Two-Dimensional GC |
NOV 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Henk C. Trap; TNO DEFENCE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| Exposure to jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) is probably the most occurring chemical exposure within the military. The discussion on the possible adverse health effects of such an exposure is ongoing. Methodology is needed to identify and quantify low concentrations of potentially toxic components in the complex JP-8 matrix. Comprehensive GC (GCxGC), in which continuous two-dimensional separation occurs, was shown to be highly suitable for this purpose. =In combination with time-of-flight ... |
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| Processing of Training Range Soils for the Analysis of Energetic Compounds |
SEP 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Hewitt; Susan Bigl; Marianne Walsh; Sylvie Brochu; Kevin Bjella; Dennis Lambert; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Large soil samples are often necessary to represent areas where analytes are distributed as particulates. Proper processing of these large samples impose additional time, space, and equipment requirements on the laboratory community servicing environmental programs to investigate military training ranges. Part of this study evaluated the robustness of two methods used to process large soil samples for the determination of energetic munitions residues whole sample mechanical grinding (comminution) and solvent ... |
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| A Smart Climatology of Evaporation Duct Height and Surface Radar Propagation in the Indian Ocean |
SEP 2007 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine L. Twigg; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Surface electromagnetic propagation over the ocean is highly sensitive to near-surface atmospheric variability, particularly the height of the evaporation duct. Seasonal variation in near-surface metrological factors and sea surface temperatures impact the evaporation duct height (EDH). Present U.S. Navy EDH climatology is based on sparse ship observations over a relatively short time period and an outdated evaporation duct (ED) model. This EDH climatology does not utilize smart, or modern, climatology ... |
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| Evaluation of 5-cm Agent Fate Wind Tunnel Velocity Profiles |
SEP 2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
James E. Danberg; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Velocity profiles measured in 5-cm Agent Fate wind tunnels have been evaluated for conformance to specified profiles. These facilities are used to determine evaporation and desorption rates of chemical warfare agents (CWA) from various surface materials. The specified profiles represent an atmospheric boundary layer for velocity conditions of 6, 3, and 0.5 m/s at a height of 2 m. The 5-cm tunnels are designed to duplicate the part of this ... |
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| Directed Assembly of Quantum Dots in Diblock Copolymer Matrix |
AUG 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick L. Beyer; Christopher R. Ziegler; Kevin Sill; Todd Emrick; Nicholas M. Benetatos; Karen I. Winey; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| The effect of ligand molecular weight on nanoparticle dispersion and nanocomposite morphology has been investigated. Nanoscopic particles, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), were dispersed into the polystyrene (PS) microdomains of a microphase separated, bulk PS-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer. The QDs were compatibilized with the PS-domains of the microphase separated block copolymer by the use of PS-based ligands associated with the surfaces of the QDs. A stock solution of the functionalized particles ... |
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| Dynamics of the Northwest Australian Shelf and Slope |
31 JUL 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth H. Brink; David C. Chapman; R. K. Shearman; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| We seek to understand shelf and shelf-edge phenomena associated with regional-scale currents, buoyancy forcing, wind forcing and mesoscale variability. We thus carried out a set of highly resolved physical oceanographic measurements off the northwestern coast of Australia during June-July, 2003. Among other sampling approaches, our primary sampling tool was the SeaSoar towed undulating platform which allows rapid, highly resolved sampling. During austral winter, winds were weak, but the air was ... |
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| Leveraging Process Knowledge to Improve Modeling of Evaporation Rate Data for Agent Fate Wind Tunnels |
01-Jun-2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A Donnelly; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| PURPOSE OF TALK: (1) Demonstrate how the modeling (regression analysis) of evaporation rate data can be improved by rescaling the variables based on knowledge of the process (2) Describe how running the experimental design trials in specific randomized blocks -- as compared to running the planned trials in a haphazard order -- facilitates (a) A sequential model building process (b) Identifying when running more trials adds little new information. |
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| Fabrication of Highly Ordered Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates on Silicon Substrates |
2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
A. Yin; M. Tzolov; D. Cardimona; L. Guo; J. Xu; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DIV OF ENGINEERING
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| The controlled fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates of unprecedented pore uniformity directly on Si, enabled by new advances on two fronts -- direct and timed anodisation of a high-purity Al film of unprecedented thickness (50 micrometres) on Si, and anodizing a thin but pre-textured Al film on Si, has been reported. To deposit high-quality and ultra-thick Al on a non-compliant substrate, a prerequisite for obtaining highly ... |
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| Modeling JP-8 Fuel Effects on Diesel Combustion Systems |
30 NOV 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schihl; Laura Hoogterp; Harold Pangilinan; Ernest Schwarz; Walter Bryzik; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Agenda: 1) Introduction/Background; 2) JP-8 Evaporation Rate Modeling; 3) JP-8 Ignition Modeling; 4) Engine Predictions Results; and 5) Conclusions. |
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| PMEL Contributions to the OceanSITES Program |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
H P Freitag; Michael J McPhaden; Meghan F Cronin; Christopher L Sabine; Dai C McClurg; Patrick D McLain; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION SEATTLE WA PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LABS
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| The OCEAN Sustained Interdisciplinary Timeseries Environment observation System (OceanSITES) is built around a worldwide network of long-term, deepwater reference stations measuring many oceanographic and meteorological variables of relevance to climate and biogeochemical cycles. OceanSITES is a contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System and international research programs. PMEL is a major contributor to OceanSITES in the context of the Tropical Ocean Atmosphere/ Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON) mooring array in ... |
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| Template-Growth of Highly Ordered Carbon Nanotube Arrays on Silicon POSTPRINT |
SEP 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Aijun Yin; Marian Tzolov; David Cardimona; Jimmy Xu; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DEPT OF ENGINEERING
|
| This paper reports on the success in and the key conditions for direct growth or carbon nanotubes or unprecedented uniformity on silicon. The uniformity is ensured through the growth within the highly ordered nanopores or an alumina oxide template, which is in turn formed on silicon through anodization of aluminum of unprecedented thickness evaporated on silicon. The formation of highly ordered nanopore array by anodization of thick aluminum evaporated on ... |
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| CW Atom Laser |
04 AUG 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
G. Raithel; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| A continuous-wave (cw), phase- and amplitude-stable atom laser based on magnetic guiding, magnetic compression, and continuous distributed evaporative cooling has been pursued. The continuous operation of a cold atomic beam in a high-gradient (up to 2.7kG/cm) magnetic guide of 1.7m length has been demonstrated. An imaging method has been developed that allows in-situ measurements of atom temperatures and fluxes. The atomic beam in the high-gradient portion of the guide has ... |
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| Transient Sweat Rate Calculation from Humidity Measurements Under Clothing |
JUL 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Miyo Yokota; Larry G. Berglund; Julio A. Gonzalez; Laurie A. Blanchard; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
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| This study demonstrates a method for monitoring evaporative sweat rates (EvapSR) during steady and intermittent activities. The method was validated on a sweating thermal manikin wearing a long sleeved shirt and trousers (standard military battle dress uniform) instrumented with temperature-humidity sensors under the clothing. The manikin tests were at steady state conditions in an environmental chamber at 35 degrees C/50%RH and wind speed ranging between 0.36 and 1.94 m.s-1. The ... |
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| Efficient Fluorescence Based Protein Chip using Pseudo 3D Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film |
22 MAY 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Hee C. Choi; POHANG UNIV OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KOREA SOUTH) DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| We have achieved two types of biomolecular sensors, colorimetric protein chips and label-free electrical sensors using high yield of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). First, pseudo 3-dimensional SWNT films coated with carbonyldiimidazole-Tween20 (CDI-Tween20) surfactant demonstrated as a facile platform for fluorescence based protein chip. Highly selective protein bindings of biotin-BSA+SA (streptavidin) and SpA (protein A)+IgG (Immunoglobulin G) pairs, as well as those of small molecules such as FLAG peptide+anti-FLAG and biotin-SA. ... |
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| Growth of Single Crystals and Fabrication of GaN and AlN Wafers |
MAR 2006 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Zlatko Sitar; Raoul Schlesser; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| GaN thin films were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates at 1050 deg C by controlled evaporation of Ga metal and reaction with NH3. Transport of Ga species from source-to-substrate during this process and the influence of ammonia-liquid Ga reaction on Ga transport were investigated. Experimental results were compared to theoretical predictions to quantify the mechanism of transport in the vapor growth technique. In presence of NH3 Ga transport far exceeded ... |
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| Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling |
21 FEB 2006 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John Hallett; Matt Bailey; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
|
| Laser beam propagation through the earth's atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope, deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records to crystals to provide a measure of their size, ... |
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| Conservation of Lateral Momentum in Heterostructure Integrated Thermionic Coolers |
2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Daryoosh Vashaee; Ali Shakouri; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| Thin film thermionic coolers use selective emission of hot electrons over a heterostructure barrier layer from emitter to collector resulting in evaporative cooling. In this paper a detailed theory of electron transport perpendicular to the multilayer superlattice structures is presented. Using Fermi-Dirac statistics, density-of-states for a finite quantum well and the quantum mechanical reflection coefficient, the current-voltage characteristics and the cooling power density are calculated. The resulting equations are valid ... |
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| Measurement of Chemical Agent Evaporation and Desorption in Microbalance Wind Tunnels |
01 OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Wendel Shuely; Robert Nickol; Seok H. Hong; Kenneth B. Sumpter; GEO-CENTERS INC ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The environmental fate of chemical warfare agents (CWA) is important because the contact or vapor hazard is critical input for models employed to support decisions on the level of individual protection at Fixed Sites. Several different microbalances configured in a wind tunnel geometry, were employed to measure the evaporation and desorption rates from surfaces. The overall experimental design covers several neat and thickened agents and several material surfaces. The initial ... |
|
| Geology and Historical Evolution of Sheldon Marsh Nature Preserve, Lake Erie, Ohio |
SEP 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Morang; Shanon Chader; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICSLAB
|
| Sheldon Marsh Nature Preserve is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Erie on the southeast end of the 10.5-km-long Cedar Point sand spit. The preserve resembles an inverted "L" with a 1.8-km long barrier beach that fronts Lake Erie and shields a wetland area. The center of the beach is at 82 36'42"W longitude and 41 25'26"N latitude (NAD83). Sheldon Marsh only covers 465 acres, but its ecological importance ... |
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| High Temperature Coatings by Pulsed Electron Beam Ablation |
AUG 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Olivier Sudre; David B. Marshall; Sergio Lucato; ROCKWELL SCIENTIFIC CO THOUSAND OAKS CA
|
| The objective of this program was to investigate the deposition and properties of new high temperature coatings using pulsed-electron-beam ablation (PEBA) and to characterize the corrosion of those compounds in relevant environments. The PEBA technique has potential advantages for depositing compounds that are known to be difficult to deposit by conventional electron-beam evaporation. The use of ablation rather than melting and evaporation avoids changes in composition associated with differing evaporation ... |
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| Discrete Velocity Numerical Approach to Strong Evaporation of Graphite |
31 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
A. V. Gusarov; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MOSCOW (RUSSIA) BAIKOV INST OF METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE
|
| Carbon vapor formed at graphite evaporation contains considerable amounts of molecules C2 and C3 along with single atoms C. A numerical kinetic approach to gas mixtures is proposed which is based on a relaxation model for the Boltzmann equation. It is found that relations between the pressure and temperature ratios and the Mach number behind the Knudsen layer do not depend on vapor composition and are the same as in ... |
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| Development of Ultra Sensitive Nanoscale Biosensor Devices using Carbon-Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs) |
27 JUL 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Hee C. Choi; Hongjie Dai; POHANG UNIV OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SOUTH KOREA)
|
| Direct formation of iron phosphate nanoparticles on solid substrates with a narrow size distribution (average diameter = 2.2 nm) has been achieved by a simple spontaneous reaction of ferric chloride and phosphoric acid on hydroxyl-terminated SiO2/Si substrates. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are grown in high yield from the synthesized iron phosphate nanoparticles by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method as confirmed by AFM and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, three-terminal p-type nanotube ... |
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| Molecular Dynamics Study on the Evaporation Part of the Kinetic Boundary Condition at the Interface Between Water and Water Vapor |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Tatsuya Ishiyama; Takeru Yano; Shigeo Fujikawa; HOKKAIDO UNIV SAPPORO (JAPAN)
|
| Molecular dynamics simulations of vapor liquid equilibrium states and those of evaporation from liquid phase into a virtual vacuum are performed for water. In spite of the formation of molecular clusters in the vapor phase and the presence of the preferential orientation of molecules at the interface due to uneven sharing of the bonding electron pair, essentially the same results as in our previous study for argon are obtained. That ... |
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| Back Flux for Pulsed Laser Evaporation into Vacuum |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Alexey A. Morozov; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NOVOSIBIRSK INST OF THERMOPHYSICS
|
| This paper proposes results on calculation of the back flux for the case of pulsed laser evaporation into vacuum. On the basis of the direct Monte Carlo simulation, one-dimensional plane expansion of vapor cloud was calculated for a wide range of the number of evaporated monolayers. A substantial back flux rise is observed if the rotational degrees of freedom are taken into account. Influence of relaxation collision number on the ... |
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| A Kinetic Model for Vapor-liquid Flows |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Aldo Frezzotti; Livio Gibelli; Silvia Lorenzani; POLITECNICO DI MILANO (ITALY) IST DI MATEMATICA
|
| The evaporation of a liquid slab into vacuum is studied by numerical solutions of the Enskog-Vlasov equation for a fluid of spherical molecules interacting by Sutherland potential. The main aim of this work is to obtain the structure of the vapor-liquid interface in non-equilibrium conditions as well as the distribution function of evaporating molecules. The results show that the distribution function of molecules crossing a properly defined vapor-liquid boundary is ... |
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| USW Area Analogs |
JUN 2005 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Keith Everett; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The purpose of this project is to investigate the feasibility of and methodology for the development of a set of environmental analogs of operational Undersea Warfare (USW) areas within fleet training areas. It is primarily a discussion of the identification of parameters that characterize the tactical USW environment, prioritization of these parameters, identification of existing databases that contain these parameters and an outline of the processes required to extract the ... |
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| Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Colloid Thruster Ion Emission from Selected Propellants |
JUN 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Yu-Hui Chiu; B. L. Austin; Rainer A. Dressler; Dale J. Levandier; P. T. Murray; P. Lozano; M. M. Sanchez Schatz; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Retarding potential, time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole mass spectrometric methods are applied to study the charged species emitted from a colloid thruster operated in a cone-jet mode at high-specific-impulse operating conditions. Measurements are conducted for two propellants, a 28.4 wt% NaI/formamide electrolyte solution and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]). When operated at a volume flow rate of 2-6 x 10(to the minus 14th power) m3/s and a positive polarity, the ... |
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| Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines |
01 MAY 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald Heus; Ed Schols; Lyda Kistemaker; TNO SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY EINDHOVEN (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Previous research have showed that cold injuries of feet occur more often than cold injuries of hands. Recently, an unexpectedly large number of cold injuries were observed during military training in Norway and a relationship between cold injuries and the use of the Alico ski boot was suspected. The Marine Corps and the Defence Clothing agency asked TNO to investigate whether the Alico ski boot, in combination with the Berghaus ... |
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| Water Mist Suppression of Propane-Air Frames: Interpretation of Experimental Results |
10 MAR 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Harsha K. Chelliah; Bradley A. Williams; James W. Fleming; NAVY TECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR SAFETY AND SURVIVABILITY WASHINGTON DC
|
| We report a modeling study to understand the observed suppression behavior of 14-, 30-, and 42-um-diameter water drops on propane-air non-premixed counterflow flames. The model employed is a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for treating the interaction of drops and counterfiow non-premixed flames. For treatment of the propane chemical kinetics, a skeletal model was developed with validation against experimental non-premixed counterfiow flame extinction conditions and low pressure flame structure data for both ... |
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| System for Bulk Growth of Gallium Nitride. Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Gallium Nitride by Gallium Arc Evaporation |
09 MAR 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sten J. Heikman; Umesh K. Mishra; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA
|
| A vapor phase growth system intended for the growth of bulk gallium nitride crystals was investigated. Potential advantages of the growth technique are cheap source materials of high purity, no corrosive gasses, and low operating and equipment costs. Ga contained in a crucible was evaporated by an arc discharge between a W-electrode and the Ga surface, and was transported to the growth zone by a carrier gas flowing over the ... |
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| Monte Carlo Simulation of a Rarefied Multiphase Plume Flow |
20 DEC 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Burt; Iain D. Boyd; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| Exhaust flows from solid propellant rockets are characterized by a number of complex and often overlooked phenomena which should be considered for accurate numerical modeling. In a typical solid rocket motor (SRM), a 10 to 20% mass fraction of aluminum powder is used to reduce combustion instabilities and increase specific impulse. Within the combustion chamber, this aluminum content undergoes a complicated process of melting, heretogenous combustion, evaporation, agglomeration, and breakup. ... |
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| Reproducing a Section of the Earth's Atmospheric Surface Layer in Small Wind Tunnels for Studies on the Environmental Fate of Chemical Warfare Agents |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
D. J. Weber; M. K. Scudder; S. H. Hong; K. B. Sumpter; W. J. Shuely; R. G. Nickol; J. J. Pence; J. W. Molnar; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Vapor and contact hazard tracking with computer models is critical to the commander after a Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) attack. The Agent Fate Program is providing the database of measurements for developing these hazard prediction models. Wind speed is one of the environmental variables controlling CWA volatilization. therefore. an accurate flow field over the CWA droplets or droplet wetted area had to be designed into small laboratory wind tunnels. The ... |
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| Agent Fate -- Measurement Of Chemical Warfare Agent Persistence On Contaminated Surfaces Under Controlled Environmental Conditions |
16 NOV 2004 |
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| Authors:
Wesley Ercanbrack; Beryl Schwartz; Travis Losser; Tom Lindsey; SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORP HAMPTON VA
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| An innovative 16 cell test fixture was constructed at the Kendall Combined Chemical Test Facility (CCTF) located at Dugway Proving Ground's West Desert Test Center to measure the vapor hazard of chemical warfare agents on contaminated surfaces under controlled environmental conditions. Vegetation, aged CARC coated steel, MHE coated steel and soil were tested at 35 deg C with 50% relative humidity (RH) and a wind speed of 1.65 miles per ... |
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| Laboratory Evaporation and Desorption Instrumentation Systems (Wind Tunnels) for Measuring the Environmental Fate of Toxic Chemicals: Comparison of Velocity Profiles with the Earth Surface Layer Profiles |
15 NOV 2004 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Weber; Mary Scudder; Wendel Shuely; Robert Nickol; John Molnar; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Evaporation of Chemical Warfare Agent HD on Glass Surface Under Various Environmental Conditions |
15 NOV 2004 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Seok H. Hong; Kenneth B. Sumpter; Robert Nickol; Wendel Shuely; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Environmental fate of the chemical warfare agents (CWA) is receiving increasing attention, since the evaluation of the contact or vapor hazard is the critical input for models employed to support decisions to determine the individual as well as collective protection level of the combatants. Once released, CWA might evaporate and be carried by the wind, sorb into the surface material, or both. This can be a function of not only ... |
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| A Model for Thermal Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide |
JUL 2004 |
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| Authors:
S. D. Heister; W. E. Anderson; J. H. Corpening; B. L. Austin; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
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| A one-dimensional model has been developed to investigate the thermal decomposition of rocket grade hydrogen peroxide (HP) in a stream of previously decomposed HP products. The model developed assumes steady, one-dimensional adiabatic flow and includes basic mass balances, droplet evaporation, gas-phase decomposition kinetics, droplet dynamics, and control volume conservation laws. The code is adjustable for HP percent concentration for both main and secondary flows, massflow rates for both flows, and ... |
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