| Performance Evaluation of Commercial CFx Materials in Lithium Batteries |
Oct-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Don Foster; Jeffrey Read; Jeffrey Wolfenstine; Michelle Marx; Sheng Zhang; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
 | The performance of six different commercially available carbon monofluoride (CFx) materials were evaluated at four different discharge rates. The physical and chemical properties of the CFx materials were correlated to cell performance in lithium coin cells. This study was undertaken to determine if there are specific physical or chemical properties that can be tied to performance and if modification of these properties could lead to an improved carbon monofluoride material. ... |
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| New Electrocatalysts for Direct Oxidation of Organic Fuels |
12-Jun-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Elton J Cairns; Jeffrey A Reimer; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB
|
| This project has focused on a detailed study of electrocatalysis of organic fuels and important intermediates (COads) on platinum and platinum alloy electrocatalysts, using advanced NMR tools developed in our laboratory. The highlights of the results include: * CO(g) and CH30H adsorb onto and are oxidized from two types of Pt sites: weakly-bound (WB) hydrogen closely-packed sites, and strongly-bound (SB) hydrogen loosely-packed sites. * Relative rates of adsorption have been ... |
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| Utilization of Non-Destructive Tools for In-Situ Determination of Hydrogen Content in Advanced Materials |
Feb-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Angelique Lasseigne; Kamalu Koenig; David L Olson; Joshua Jackson; Brajendra Mishra; GENERATION 2 MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LLC FIRESTONE CO
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| OUTLINE: Introduction; Common Factor Between Electronic Tools and Hydrogen Measurement; Non-Destructive Hydrogen Content Sensors; Thermoelectric Power Measurements; Low Frequency Impedance Measurements; Results; Summary. |
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| Polyfibroblast: A Self-Healing and Galvanic Protection Additive |
29-Jan-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jason J Benkoski; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD
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| The goal of this project is to develop a primer additive that mimics the self-healing ability of skin by forming a polymer scar across scratches. Designed to work with existing military grade primers, Polyfibroblast consists of microscopic, hollow zinc tubes filled with a moisture-cured polyurethane-urea (MCPU). When scratched, the foaming action of a propellant ejects the resin from the broken tubes and completely fills the crack. No catalysts or curing ... |
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| Liquid Metal Anode for JP-8 Fuel Cell |
15-Jan-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Tao; Ralph White; Stephen Klotz; CELLTECH POWER LLC WESTBOROUGH MA
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| Report developed under STTR contract W911NF-08-C-0075 for topic A08-T007. JP-8 is a high-energy density liquid fuel available to the soldier, but its electrochemical oxidation in a fuel cell is problematic. The purpose of this effort is to advance the development of a liquid metal based fuel cell operating directly on JP-8 for application in a field portable battery charger. During Phase 1 an evaluation was performed of a range of ... |
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| Unraveling Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms on Carbon-Supported Fe-Phthalocyanine and Co-Phthalocyanine Catalysts in Alkaline Solutions |
Jan-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Deryn Chu; Rongrong Chen; Haixia Li; Guofeng Wang; INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
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| In this work, we combine electrochemical measurements, such as the rotating disk electrode (RDE) and the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the mechanisms of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on carbon-supported Fe-phthalocyanine (FePc/C) and Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc/C) catalysts in 0.1 M NaOH solutions. The onset potential for ORR on FePc/C catalyst is found to be around 0.05 V vs. Hg/HgO in 0.1 M ... |
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| Propulsion and Power Rapid Response R&D Support Delivery Order 0041: Power Dense Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems: High Performance, High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Materials and Load Control |
Dec-2008 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen W Sofie; Steven R Shaw; Peter A Lindahl; Lee H Spangler; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN
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| High Performance, High Power Density Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Materials: The current geometry and materials set of the state-of-the-art anode supported cell (ASC) yields several deficiencies that limit the performance and robustness of the cell/stack under demanding aero based operational requirements. These deficiencies are embodied in poor gas transport through mechanically strong anodes, the limited use of cerium oxide in the anode due to unfavorable thermal expansion, and the poor ... |
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| Galvanic Corrosion Study on Stainless Steel Cartridge Design |
Nov-2008 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel P Schmidt; Donald R Skelton; Michelle E Malham; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ MUNITIONS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CENTER
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| A new ammunition design incorporates stainless steel as the cartridge case, a copper alloy bullet jacket, and an aluminum plug insert for structural support. The dissimilar materials in the new design will be physically connected (electrical contact) and may be exposed to environments that result in an electrolyte connection. Therefore, a study on the possible galvanic corrosion issues of the new ammunition design was conducted. Several different representative galvanic couples ... |
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| The Influence of Acidity on Microbial Fuel Cells Containing Shewanella Oneidensis (PREPRINT) |
01-Sep-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn R Johnson; Justin C Biffinger; Jeremy Pietron; Orianna Bretschger; Lloyd J Nadeau; Cynthia C Williams; Kenneth H Nealson; Bradley R Ringeisen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
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| Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) traditionally operate at pH values between 6 and 8. However, the effect of pH on the growth and electron transfer abilities of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (wild-type) and DSP10 (spontaneous mutant), bacteria commonly used in MFCs, has not been characterized. Miniature MFCs using bare graphite felt electrodes and nanoporous polycarbonate membranes with MR-1 or DSP10 cultures generated > 8 W/cu m and ~ 400 microA between pH ... |
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| Electron Transport in Boron Fullerenes |
Aug-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Ravindra Pandey; Haiying He; Shashi P Karna; Ihsan Boustani; MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV HOUGHTON DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| The electron transport properties of B80 fullerene are studied using first-principles density functional theory in conjunction with the Landauer-Buettiker quantum transport formalism. The electron transmission in B80 fullerene is calculated to be much higher than that in C60 fullerene in the Fermi-level region. The enhanced transmission in the B80 fullerene is attributed to its spatially extended charge distribution in delocalized bonds. |
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| Bio-Nanotechnology Infrastructure and Technology Oriented Research |
17-Jul-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W K Jones; FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIV MIAMI ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST (AMERI)
|
| FIU research concentrated in the following areas of development: nanoelectronics, bio-nanosensors, and nanomaterials, processes, and characterization. Five projects were supported: next generation information storage devices-both three-dimensional magnetic and protein-based, high power cold cathodes for microwave generators, carbon nanotube-based bio-sensors, silicon/polymer nanophotonics, and doped nanodiamonds and nanoceramic lasers for future devices. In magnetic storage devices, this work has resulted in patterned soft underlayer metallizations to localize the recording and sensitivity fields ... |
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| Development and Implementation of Carbon Nanofoam Cathode Structures for Magnesium-Hydrogen Peroxide Semi-Fuel Cells |
05-May-2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher H Renninger; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD
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| Magnesium/hydrogen peroxide (Mg-H2O2) semi-fuel cells are mission critical to the Navy as a primary power source for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV); consequently, this Trident project has sought to improve the electrochemical performance of Mg-H2O2 semi-fuel cells by fabricating porous carbon nanofoam composites as nanostructured electrode scaffolds for palladium nanoparticle electrocatalysts. |
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| A Preliminary Model for Correlation of Plasmon Resonance Spectra with Adherence Properties of Corrosion Inhibitors, VpCI-415 |
May-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
S G Lambrakos; P P Trzaskoma-Paulette; N Tran; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIV
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| Recent studies have shown that there is correlation between the effectiveness of additives containing corrosion inhibitors and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra. In principle, SPR spectroscopy is a valuable tool to examine metal-inhibitor association because it is specifically sensitive to interface structure or electrochemical processes at a metal surface due to contact with water or an electrolyte solution. In this paper we present a preliminary design of a fiber-optic sensor ... |
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| Imaging Tools and Thin Film Coatings for Corrosion Prevention in Aluminum Alloys |
18 JAN 2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A. Buttry; WYOMING UNIV LARAMIE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The fundamental activities involved use of various imaging techniques to study corrosion processes that occur at metal surfaces. We applied these methods to understand both the anodic and cathodic processes involved in corrosion at Al alloy surfaces, and how those processes are influenced by environmental conditions. The applied activities were development and testing of new corrosion inhibition systems based on blends of thermoplastics and conducting polymers. These blends contain smart ... |
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| Secondary Batteries: Lead Acid Battery Thermal Runaway |
13 NOV 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Henry A. Catherino; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| The thermal runaway effect observed in sealed lead acid batteries is reviewed and reassessed as a means for understanding the effect at a more fundamental level. It is to be noted that a popular explanation for the heat generated when a sealed cell is overcharged is that the oxygen recombination taking place at the negative electrode is an exothermic process. Although it is a fact that this recombination reaction is ... |
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| Electrochemical Investigations of the Interface at Li/Li+ Ion Conducting Channel (Supplemental) |
07 NOV 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Munichandraiah Nookala; INDIAN INST OF SCIENCE BANGALORE (INDIA) DEPT OF INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
|
| Studies were undertaken to examine the effect of substrate materials on impedance behaviour of lithium dipthalocyanine (Li2Pc). Several symmetrical cells were assembled using stainless steel (SS), gold foil, gold sputtered SS, copper, nickel and lithium electrodes. It was found that the Nyquist impedance spectrum obtained with SS electrodes consisted of two semicircles with total resistance of 1700 kOhm. But the cell with gold electrodes produced a single semicircle with resistance ... |
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| Novel, Solvent-Free, Single Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolytes |
31-Oct-2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Bruno Scrosati; UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA ROME (ITALY) DIPT DI CHIMICA
|
| The work carried out within this project has lead to the development of new types of dual composite PEO-based electrolytes having outstanding properties. This also, and particularly, applies to the new member of the family discussed in this report, i.e. the electrolyte formed by the combination of a calyx(6)pyrrole, CP anion-trapping compound with a large anion lithium salt, such as lithium bis(oxalate) borate, LiBOB. The results here described show that ... |
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| Preparation of Nanoporous Silicon |
OCT 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne A. Churaman; Luke Currano; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| While research has focused on the optical properties of nanoporous silicon and its use as an isolation material in integrated circuits, there is a great deal to be gained by understanding the formation process of such a versatile material. The structure itself is made up of millions of pores that are formed through an electrochemical wet etch, which results in network clusters of nanoporous material with a surface area on ... |
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| Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles for the Robotic Soldier |
01-Sep-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Ray Baughman; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON
|
 | Two types of novel actuators that are powered by high-energy-density fuels (hydrogen, methanol, or formic acid fuel combined with air or oxygen) have been experimentally demonstrated in this program. The first type uses a carbon nanotube electrode that simultaneously functions as a muscle, a fuel cell electrode and a supercapacitor electrode. The result is a muscle that converts the chemical energy in the fuel to electrical energy and can use ... |
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| Multifunctional Structural Composite Batteries for U.S. Army Applications |
SEP 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
J. F. Snyder; R. H. Carter; K. Xu; E. I. Wong; P. A. Nguyen; E. H. Hgo; E. D. Wetzel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report is a reprint from the Proceedings of the 2006 Army Science Conference at Orlando, FL on 27 30 November 2006. We are developing structural polymeric composites with battery functionality. These devices both carry structural loads and store electrochemical energy. If designed with sufficient structural and energy efficiency, these materials could enable significant system-level weight reductions by replacing inert structural components while providing supplementary power for light load applications. ... |
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| Polyarylenethioethersulfone Membranes for Fuel Cells (Postprint) |
SEP 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley J. Rodrigues; Thomas L. Reitz; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| High performance, sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) polymers have been developed as membranes for fuel cells. These high molecular weight polymers synthesized by a polycondensation process have an aromatic backbone along with high sulfonic acid content that provides for their high conductivity and robust mechanical properties. Bulky phenyl-based end-capping agents are incorporated into the system to maintain high water stability and retain high proton conductivity. Films with good mechanical properties were obtained ... |
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| Integrating Structure with Power in Battery Materials |
SEP 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James F. Snyder; Robert H. Carter; Eric D. Wetzel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| This report is a reprint from the Proceedings of the 2004 Army Science Conference at Orlando, Florida, in 2004. We have developed a multifunctional material concept that combines structural performance with power generation. Such devices would replace inert structural components in U.S. Army systems, such as a ground vehicle body or a soldier's helmet, and simultaneously provide supplementary power for light load applications. The emphasis of our research is two-fold. ... |
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| Electrothermal-Chemical Plasma Ignition of Gun-Propelling Charges: The Effect of Pulse Length |
SEP 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Lang-Mann Chang; Stephen L. Howard; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of plasma pulse length on gun-charge ignition. The investigation began with visualization of open-air, capillary-generated plasma jet flows and concluded with plasma interaction with a JA2 propelling charge in a 25-mm gun chamber. The plasma energy utilized by the capillary was about 1.1 kJ. With plasma pulse lengths of 0.3 and 1 ms, the resultant flow fields observed were profoundly different in ... |
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| Entrapment of Enzymes and Carbon Nanotubes in Biologically Synthesized Silica: Glucose Oxidase-catalyzed Direct Electron Transfer, Preprint |
AUG 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Dmitri Invitski; Kateryna Artyuskova; Rosalba A. Rincon; Plamen Atanassov; Heather R. Luckarift; Glenn R. Johnson; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE DEPT OF CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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| This work demonstrates a new approach for building bio-inorganic interfaces by integrating biomimetically-derived silica with single-walled carbon nanotubes to create a conductive matrix for immobilization of enzymes. Such a strategy not only allows simple integration into bio-devices but presents an opportunity to intimately interface an enzyme and manifest direct electron transfer features. Biologically-templated silica/carbon nanotube/enzyme composites were evaluated electrochemically and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Voltammetry of the ... |
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| Power and Thermal Technologies for Air and Space. Delivery Order 0003: Development of High-Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Technology for Remote Base Applications |
AUG 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Haiming Xiao; Thomas Reitz; UES INC DAYTON OH
|
| The longevity performance of a tape cast SOFC using a LSM-based cathode was studied for 500 hours at various power densities. Polarization experiments indicated an enhancement in performance during the long-term polarization. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were used to deconvolute the component impedances in the cell. The EIS data indicated that the vast majority of cell activation was associated with a single semi-circular feature which occurred in the low ... |
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| Research Synthesis and Characterization of 2D Conjugated Polymers |
13-Jul-2007 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Fredrico Rosei; INRS ENERGIE MATERIAUX TELECOMMUNICATIONS VARENNES (CANADA)
|
| Use heterocyclic multidentate monomers specifically designed for this purpose by Density Functional Theory calculations. The main challenge in this design is the geometry of the monomer and the resulting oligomer (i.e., the most favorable all-trans geometry of a polythiophene chain on the Scheme should necessarily result in a continuous brick wall 2D structure). Furthermore, the design should eliminate any steric hindrances in the oligomers which would result in non-planar conformations. ... |
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| Development of a Cytochrome c Oxidase Based Sensor for Monitoring Respiration and Metabolism |
JUN 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Fred M. Hawkridge; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Electrodes modified with bilayers that incorporate cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in mammalian respiration, will be studied as biosensors for cyanide. This CCO modified electrode has an architecture that exhibits robust response behavior and stability that mimics the in vivo behavior of this enzyme. These CCO modified electrodes remain active on storage in buffer, can withstand exposure to temperatures as extreme as 80 deg C (176 deg F) ... |
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| Demonstration of Pipe Corrosion Sensors at Fort Bragg, NC: Final Report on Project AR-F-317 for FY05 |
Jun-2007 |
239 pages |
| Authors:
James Bushman; van; Vincent F Hock; Vicki L Blaricum; Bopinder Phull; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| This Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Prevention and Control Program project demonstrated the use of sensors that are permanently installed in the potable water distribution system to monitor water chemistry/corrosivity and corrosion rates. One water chemistry sensor and one corrosion-rate sensor were installed at each of four locations in the potable water distribution system at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and were interfaced with the supervisory control and data ... |
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| Ohmic Contacts for Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally Synthesized Transmitters |
21 MAY 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Suzanne E. Mohney; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
|
| Ohmic contacts to InAs and InGaAs have been investigated with the objective of providing low contact resistance, good thermal stability, and process compatibility for scaling lnP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors to smaller sizes. For p-type InAs, the combination of modest contact resistance and good thermal stability at 250 0 C was achieved with metallizations that had thin Pd layers deposited first, fol lowed by W or Ti/Pt barrier layers, then Au. ... |
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| Advanced Materials Deposition for Semiconductor Nanostructures Using Supercritical Fluids |
APR 2007 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Chien M. Wai; IDAHO UNIV MOSCOW
|
| Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide provides an attractive medium for depositing materials in small structures with high aspect ratios and poorly wettable substrates due to the fact that it is able to dissolve solutes like a liquid and transport dissolved materials like a gas. Metal and metal sulfide nanoparticles of controllable size can be synthesized in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide using water-in-CO2 microemulsion as template. Continuous tuning the size of metallic ... |
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| Vertical Alignment of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Nanostructure Fabricated by Atomic Force Microscope |
30 MAR 2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Haiwon Lee; HANYANG UNIV SEOUL (KOREA SOUTH) DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| This project focused on the behavior of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the electrophoresis cells and aligned growth of SWCNTs by thermal chemical vapor deposition on selectively deposited metallic nanoparticles. Field emission characteristics of vertically aligned SWCNTs films were also studied. |
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| Bistability in Doped Organic Thin Film Transistors (Preprint) |
MAR 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery T. Stricker; Anna D. Gudmundsdottir; Adam P. Smith; Barney E. Taylor; Michael F. Durstock; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| Organic thin film transistors (TFTs) with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid), PEDOT:PSS, as the active layer and crosslinked, layer-by-layer assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) multilayers as the gate dielectric layer were investigated. A combination of spectroscopic data and device performance characteristics were used to study the behavior of these TFT devices under a variety of controlled environmental test conditions. It was shown that depletion and recovery of the device ... |
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| Fabrication of Organic Thin Film Transistors Using Layer-By-Layer Assembly (Preprint) |
MAR 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery T. Stricker; Anna D. Gudmundsdottir; Adam P. Smith; Barney E. Taylor; Michael F. Durstock; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| Layer-by-layer assembly is presented as a deposition technique for the incorporation of ultra-thin gate dielectric layers into thin-film transistors utilizing a highly doped organic active layer. This deposition technique enables the fabrication of device structures with a controllable gate dielectric thickness. In particular, devices with a dielectric layer comprised of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) bilayer films were fabricated to examine the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the transistor active ... |
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| Mechanism of Thermal Runaway in VRLA Batteries and Methods to Suppress It - Phase II |
MAR 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Detchko Pavlov; BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SOFIA
|
| The aim of this project is to elucidate the mechanism of thermal runaway in VRLA batteries and especially the eventual role of the AGM separator. The oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen recombination reactions (ORR) proceed in the cells, and the only work done by the input power is to transfer water from anode to cathode through these reactions, the remaining energy being dissipated as heat. The heat generators in the ... |
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| Characterization of Surface Film Growth During Electrochemical Process: Nickel/Nickel Alloys in Seawater |
NOV 2006 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
A. S. Rao; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD SURVIVABILITY STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS DIRECTORATE
|
| In order to better understand the formation of films during corrosion processes, an analytical technique using x-ray diffraction was developed to examine the structure of compounds in closest proximity to the metal liquid interface. The in situ structure at the metal liquid interface was examined for pure nickel, 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni alloy in seawater solution at room temperature. The nickel-seawater system was investigated at potentiostatically controlled potentials of -800 ... |
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| International Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials (6th) Held in Gurzuf, Crimea, Ukraine, on September 25-29, 2006 |
29 SEP 2006 |
215 pages |
| Authors:
Ya. Vertsimakha; UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES KIEV INST OF PHYSICS
|
| The Final Proceedings for 6th International Conference `Electronic Processes in Organic Materials', 25-29 September 2006. This conference will cover the following topics: 1. Energy structure of organic materials and electronic processes in organic compounds 2. Electronic processes at interfaces of organic materials to metals, as well as biological, organic, inorganic media and nanostructures 3. Electro-optic processes in confined liquid crystals 4. Nonlinear properties of organic structures and composites 5. Electronic ... |
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| Investigation of Plasma Spray Coatings as an Alternative to Hard Chrome Plating on Internal Surfaces |
14 SEP 2006 |
180 pages |
| Authors:
Keith O. Legg; Bruce D. Sartwell; Jean-Gabriel Legoux; Montia Nestler; Christopher Dambra; Daming Wang; John Quets; Paul Natishan; Philip Bretz; Jon Devereaux; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Hard chromium electroplating is extensively used by aircraft manufacturers and military maintenance depots to provide wear and/or corrosion resistance or to restore dimensional tolerance to components. However, chrome plating utlizes hexavalent chromium, which is a highly toxic carcinogen, with increasingly stringent government regulations making it more expensive for DoD. This document constitutes the final report on an investigation of deposition of coatings using miniature plasma spray guns that could replace ... |
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| Microfabricated Multianalyte Sensor Arrays for Metabolic Monitoring |
01 SEP 2006 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V. Pishko; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK
|
| Glucose sensor arrays were fabricated on gold electrodes on flexible polyimide sheets by cross-linking glucose oxidase and redox polymer using UV-initiated free radical reaction. Using conventional silicon fabrication methods, five-element array Au microdisks were initially fabricated using mid-UV photolithography. Active glucose oxidase was entrapped in hydrogel by UV-initiated photo polymerization with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate or PEG-DA on the array electrodes. The fabricated microarray sensors were individually addressable and with no ... |
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| Switches and Frequency-Agile Sources With Photonic Bandgap Structures |
07 AUG 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Philippe M. Fauchet; ROCHESTER UNIV NY DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The tunable devices are made mostly in bulk silicon (porous silicon one- and two-dimensional photonic bandgap structures) although a few have been made in SOI (two-dimensional photonic bandgap structures). Porous silicon is formed by electrochemically etching a silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric acid-based solution. By choosing the proper silicon doping and controlling the applied current density, it is possible to achieve high quality photonic bandgap structures. Liquid crystals are the ... |
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| Analysis of the Electrospray Plume from the EMI-Im Propellant Externally Wetted on a Tungsten Needle |
JUL 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Yu-Hui Chiu; Geraldine Gaeta; Thomas R. Heine; Rainer A. Dressler; Dale J. Levandier; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The room temperature ionic liquid propellant, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-Im) is being tested for the NASA DRS-ST7 mission. A capillary thruster configuration is planned for ST7, and time-of-flight experiments have shown that the spray of EMI-Im produces a mixture of primarily droplets and low levels of ions, resulting in a low specific impulse. Recently, pure ion emission was achieved for EMI-Im in a wetted needle thruster, suggesting that this propellant, which ... |
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| Developing of Design Criteria for Highly Efficient Fuel Cells |
JUN 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Ulrich Stimming; TECHNICAL UNIV OF MUNICH GARCHING (GERMANY)
|
| Catalytic activity of islands and single clusters prepared on different substrates using either delocalized deposition pulse technique or tip induced deposition in a electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC STM) was studied in order to determine the optimal size and distribution of catalytic active metals. Activity at these islands, single clusters, as well as cluster arrays has been measured in situ immediately after preparation to avoid degeneration. In case of single ... |
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| Canola Oil Fuel Cell Demonstration: Volume 2 - Market Availability of Agricultural Crops for Fuel Cell Applications |
JUN 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Adams; Craig Cassarino; Lee Spangler; Duane Johnson; Joel Lindstrom; Michael J. Binder; Franklin H. Holcomb; Scott M. Lux; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to electrical energy with very high efficiency, and with very low levels of environmental emissions. The reformation of vegetable oil crops for fuel cell uses is not well known; yet vegetable oils such as canola oil represent a viable alternative and complement to traditional fuel cell feedstocks. This report summarizes a study conducted to identify various Montana oil crops available for ... |
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| Development of a Cytochrome C Oxidase-Based Sensor for Monitoring Respiration and Metabolism |
JUN 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Fred M. Hawkridge; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Electrodes modified with bilayers that incorporate cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) the terminal enzyme in mammalian respiration will be studied as biosensors for cyanide. This CCO modified electrode has an architecture that exhibits robust response behavior and stability that mimics the in vivo behavior of this enzyme. These CCO modified electrodes remain active on storage in buffer can withstand exposure to temperatures as extreme as 8OoO (I 76oF) and have a ... |
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| Bioanalytical Method to Determine the Effects of Cyanide, Cyanide Metabolites and Cyanide Antidotes on the Activity of Cytochrome C Oxidase Immobilized in an Electrode Supported Lipid Bilayer Membrane |
Jun-2006 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Steven I Baskin; James B Kelly; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The bioanalytical studies pursued in this research take advantage of the electron transfer reactivity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) when immobilized in a bilayer attached to an electrode surface. This enzyme immobilization method enables CCO to exhibit reaction chemistry that mimics its in vivo behavior because the bilayer structure is thought to reproduce its in vivo environment in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition this experimental platform for CCO enables ... |
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| Role of Estrogen Metabolism in the Initiation of Prostate Cancer: Biomarkers of Susceptibility and Early Detection |
MAY 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Ercole L. Cavalieri; NEBRASKA UNIV MEDICAL CENTER OMAHA
|
| Treatment of Noble rats with testosterone plus estradiol (E2) induces prostate carcinomas. We think that estrogens initiate prostate cancer by reaction of catechol estrogen-3,4-quinone (CE-3,4-Q) metabolites with DNA. Formation of depurinating adducts by CE-3,4-Q, which generate apurinic sites in DNA, would be the critical event leading to mutations that initiate prostate cancer. After treatment of rats with CE or CE-3,4-Q, CE metabolites and CE-glutathione (GSH) conjugates were lower in regions ... |
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| Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Upon Colloidal Deposition of Thin Films for Lower Temperature Operation (Preprint) |
APR 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
T. L. Reitz; H. Xiao; UES INC DAYTON OH
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| In order to reduce the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), anode-supported cells incorporating thin film electrolytes in conjunction with anode/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interlayers were studied. SOFC button cells were prepared through deposition of colloidal slurries onto anode supported substrates and were analyzed as a junction of temperature and polarization via Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Single SOFC button cells with electrode interlayers were then characterized as ... |
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| Corrosion of Hawk Lead-in-Fighter Hydraulic Pipe Work |
FEB 2006 |
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| Authors:
A. R. Trueman; G. McAdam; D. R. Gerrard; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) MARITIME OPERATIONS DIV
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| In 2003, corrosion damage to hydraulic and nitrogen pipe work resulted in thirteen RAAF Hawk aircraft being declared unserviceable. The reason for the corrosion was not readily apparent and DSTO was approached to identify the cause and recommend suitable prevention measures. Initial appearances indicated that the corrosion was most likely due to either incorrect use of corrosion protective coatings or their application and/or galvanic corrosion due to exposure in a ... |
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| Micro-Plasma Protective Coatings for 2024 and 7085 Aluminium Alloys |
JAN 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
V. A. Nadolinny; NIKOLAEV'S INST OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOVOSIBIRSK (RUSSIA)
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| This report results from a contract tasking Nikolaev's Institute of Inorganic Chemistry as follows: Two strategies have historically been used to reduce corrosion in AA s: (1) barrier coatings and (2) electrochemically-active corrosion-inhibitors. Barriers are formed from materials impervious to the penetrations or migrations of such corrosion-inducing species as chloride ions, oxygen, water, and/or free electrons. Plasma oxidation would provide an impervious coating on the surface of specific aircraft parts ... |
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| Multi-Paradigm Multi-Scale Simulations for Fuel Cell Catalysts and Membranes |
JAN 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
III Goddard W.; B. Merinov; A. van Duin; T. Jacob; M. Blanco; V. Molinero; S. S. Jang; Y. H. Jang; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA DIV OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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| Dramatically improving the performance of fuel cell systems with their complex heterogeneous structures involving electrocatalysts, proton conducting membrane, reactant, and interfaces between them requires understanding the fundamental chemical, electrochemical, and physical phenomena at the heart of these complex materials and relating these fundamentals to the properties and performance of the membrane electrode assembly. Our goal is to develop a predictive model that can be used to estimate the changes in ... |
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| Strategies for Mitigation of Hydrogen Environment Assisted Cracking of High Strength Steels |
2006 |
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| Authors:
John R. Scully; Beth A. Kehler; Yongwon Lee; Richard P. Gangloff; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS HOUSTON TX
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| Modem ultra high strength alloy steels (UHSS) have been developed with outstanding combinations of strength and fracture toughness. Such steels are characterized by high purity and nanoscale strengthening clusters/coherent precipitates in a complex precipitation hardened, martensitic microstructure. However, the performance of such steels is degraded dramatically by internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) and hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE). Thus, the development of an UHSS that is immune to hydrogen embrittlement is of ... |
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