| Polymer Drag Reduction and Bioluminescence Reduction |
Mar-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael I Latz; CALIFORNIA UNIV REGENTS SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA CA
|
 | Drag reducing polymers interfere with the bursting process in turbulence by absorbing the energy like a shock absorber. The objective of this project was to test the effect of the polymer drag reducing agent polyethylene oxide (PEO) on bioluminescence stimulation in fully-characterized pipe flow. The well-documented reduction of turbulent skin friction by PEO was hypothesized to also result in a similar reduction of flow-stimulated bioluminescence. Drag reduction and bioluminescence suppression ... |
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| Grazing Impacts of Diverse Zooplankton Taxa on Thin Layers |
Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M Bollens; Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV VANCOUVER
|
| The US Navy needs to know how distributions and abundances of light-scattering and sound-scattering organisms in the ocean vary in space and time, particularly in the vertical dimension. Recent field observations have shown that many biological properties may vary substantially over small (e.g. centimeter) scales, commonly referred to as thin layers. Our previous ONR-funded research has allowed us to begin to understand how zooplankton interact with thin layers and how ... |
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| LOCO: Characterization of Phytoplankton in Thin Optical Layers |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jan Rines; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Our long-term goal is to understand the ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which species-specific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (dinoflagellates) interact with physical mixing processes to regulate spatio-temporal distribution patterns. We wish to understand these processes in sufficient detail to be able to predict bloom dynamics, size structure, and the impact of species-specific ... |
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| A Comprehensive Modeling Approach Towards Understanding and Prediction of the Alaskan Coastal System Response to Changes in an Ice-diminished Arctic |
Jan-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Wieslaw Maslowski; John J Cassano; John J Walsh; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Our research combines state-of-the-art regional modeling of sea ice, ocean, atmosphere and ecosystem to provide a system approach to advance the knowledge and predictive capability of the diverse impacts of changing sea ice cover on the bio-physical marine environment of coastal Alaska and over the larger region of the western Arctic Ocean. The focus of this project on seasonally ice-free Alaskan coasts and shelves is in direct support of the ... |
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| Functional Genomics of a Non-Toxic Alexandrium Lusitanicum Culture |
FEB 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia A. Martins; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a human intoxication associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with a family of neurotoxins called saxitoxins. Many species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium have been shown to produce these toxins. Here I report the first case of a culture of Alexandrium that has completely lost the ability to produce saxitoxins. The loss of toxicity was accompanied by a reduction in growth capability. A subculture ... |
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| Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium |
SEP 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Emily L. Lilly; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The incidence and known distribution of paralytic shellfish poison- producing Alexandrium dinoflagellates have both increased dramatically in recent decades. This thesis explores the phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of Alexandrium in light of this expansion. Alexandrium rDNA sequence phylogeny did not correlate with morphological traits traditionally used to identify and group species. The morphospecies of the tamarensis complex, A. catenella, A. tamarense, and A. fundyense, did not represent valid species by ... |
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| Genetic Regulation in the Aiptasia Pallida Symboisis |
20 JUL 1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Clayton B. Cook; HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOGRAPHIC INST INC FORT PIERCE FL
|
| The objective of this study was to identify differences in expressed genes in algae that live as symbionts in sea anemones. We compared several characteristics of algae as they lived in host tissue with those of the same- algae when grown in culture outside of the host. The cultured algae exhibited none of the carbon release that is characteristic of symbionts living in the host. However, if the cultured algae ... |
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| Bioluminescent Bioassay System. |
24 NOV 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Hugh D. Copeland; David Lapota; Dena E. Rosenberger; Gary F. Mastny; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A system for measuring toxicity levels of a solution includes a water proof sample container transparent to visible light which holds an aqueous test solution containing bioluminescent organisms. A light tight chamber has a cavity which holds the sample container and includes a light port. A stress generating system positioned in the sample container generates pressure pulses which stimulate the organisms to generate light emissions. A light detector system mounted ... |
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| An Experimental-Numerical Study of Small Scale Flow Interaction with Bioluminescent Plankton |
04 SEP 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michael I. Latz; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH DIV
|
| Numerical and experimental approaches were used to investigate the effects of quantified flow stimuli on bioluminescence sUmulatidn at the small length and time scales appropriate for individual plankton. Bioluminescence was used as a sensitive tool for examining essentially instantaneous organism response. Based on laboratory work with defined flow fields, a consistent picture of organism response emerges. There is a response threshold in laminar flow ... |
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| Use of a Rapid Bioluminescent Bioassay (QwikLite) Using Oceanic Dinoflagellates to Assess Toxicity in Sediments |
APR 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
C. H. Liu; D. Lapota; D. E. Rosenberger; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMANDSAN DIEGO CA
|
| The Navy has developed a rapid bioassay system (QwikLite) that is proving to be a valuable asset for conducting bioassays on other test media (e. g., metals, storm drain discharge, ship hull coatings, and marine sediments). The basis of detection is to measure a reduction in light from the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra following exposure to a toxicant. The toxic response is usually measured within 24 hours from the start ... |
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| Molecular Biology and Biochemical Mechanisms of Marine Microorganisms |
01 JAN 1998 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Hastings; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| Dinoflagellate genes of interest, including those associated with bioluminescence, were isolated from a Gonyaulax polyedra cDNA library by PCR amplification, screening by homologous probes or antibodies. Sequences were compared to those in gene and protein data bases to gain insight into the evolutionary status of G. polyedra. Genomic sequences were used to look for the existence of introns, the +1 site of the mRNAs, and ... |
|
| Marine Phytoplankton Culture Collection: Resources for Algal Biotechnology |
1997 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Andersen; BIGELOW LAB FOR OCEAN SCIENCES WEST BOOTHBAY HARBOR ME
|
| The tasks outlined in the ONR Grant entitled 'Marine Phytoplankton Culture Collection: Resources for Algal Biotechnology' have been completed. The Provasoli-Guillard National Center for culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP) has provided both starter cultures and large volume batch cultures for ONR scientists working in the areas of algal biotechnology and nanofabrication. In addition, we provided culturing assistance via the telephone and e-mail for ONR ... |
|
| Bioluminescence Source Emission Characterization |
30 SEP 95 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Michael I. Latz; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH DIV
|
| A study of the hydrodynamics characterization of the excitation of bioluminescence was performed in collaboration with NRaD scientist Dr. James Rohr. Present research using fully developed pipe flow confirmed previous work using Couette flow that the excitation threshold for dinoflagellate bioluminescence occurred in laminar flow at a shear stress level greater than typical levels in the mixed layer. Maximum response was achieved at high laminar flow values, with no further ... |
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| An Investigation of Amoebae from an Organically-Contaminated Aquifer at Cape Cod, Mass, USA |
SEP 94 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Warren; NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
|
| Eukaryotic microbes (protists) are now thought to be widespread in subsurface environments and evidence is accumulating that they play an important role in the biodegradation of organic contaminants in polluted aquifers. The most commonly isolated protists are flagellates and amoebae. In previous investigations, populations of subsurface protists have been analyzed using culture and enumeration techniques designed for a broad range of organisms. No studies have been made using techniques designed ... |
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| Immunochemical Studies on Selected Marine Toxins |
31 MAY 93 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Fun S. Chu; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON FOOD RESEARCH INST
|
| Among many low molecular weight, heat resistant, naturally-occuring marine toxins, paralytic shellfish positions and cyclic peptide toxins produced by algae are potentially hazardous to human health. We proposed to develop sensitive diagnostic methods for selected dinoflagellate toxins such as saxitoxin (STX), and microcystin (MCYST), cyclic peptide produced by some cyanobacteria. The objectives of this project are development of methodologies for the production of different antibodies and different testing ligands, and ... |
|
| The Genetic Basis of Specificity in Dinoflagellate-Invertebrate Symbiosis |
30 SEP 91 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Robert K. Trench; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| The prime goals of this award were: (1) to study the composition of the cell walls of symbiotic dinoflagellates, (2) analyse the chemical composition of the glycoproteins exuded by symbiotic dinoflagellates and (3) sequence the SSU rRNA gene from the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium pilosum and assess its phylogenetic position relative to other protists. All three of these goals have been accomplished, and manuscripts or published papers describing the observations are ... |
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| An Amoeba/Zoozanthellae Consortium as a Model System for Animal/Algal Symbiosis |
18 JUN 91 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Miriam Polne-Fuller; Robert Trench; Aharon Gibor; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| We have been studying animal/plant symbiosis using a model system of a single cell plant, the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. We have cultured the two partners as a consortium as well as independently. We have been describing the life history of the newly isolated and poorly known amoeba, and investigating its interactions, with several species of these symbiotic dinoflagellates. |
|
| Molecular Biology of the Photoregulation of Photosynthetic Light- Harvesting Complexes in Marine Dinoflagellates |
04 JUN 91 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara B. Prezelin; Edward L. Triplett; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| Our goal is to continue to use biotechnological techniques to study the genetic bases of light- and nutrient-regulation of photosynthetic light- harvesting complexes in marine dinoflagellates. We chose the peridinin- chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) complexes of dinoflagellates as a model system for proposed genetic analyses. Since these phytoplankton are a spectral representative of the large group of marine algae whose light-harvesting components are dominated by blue-light absorbing xanthophylls. knowledge gained through ... |
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| Dinoflagellate Toxins Responsible for Ciguatera Food Poisoning |
30 MAR 91 |
225 pages |
| Authors:
Donald M. Miller; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT CARBONDALE DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
|
| During the four years of contract over 600 grams dry weight of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus was grown in large scale culture. Chemosystematic studies resulted in information which allowed improvements in both culturing and toxin production. Gram levels of cells and toxic extracts were processed in an effort to improve toxin production by G. toxicus, NMR characterization of suspected toxin was completed and partially analyzed. Crude and semi-purified toxins were ... |
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| Dinoflagellate Toxins Responsible for Ciguatera Food Poisoning |
30 MAR 91 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Donald M. Miller; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT CARBONDALE DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
|
| Ciguatera is a syndrome occurring in humans who have become intoxicated from eating poisonous fish. Fish sporadically accumulate the toxin through the food chain or directly from eating toxic dinoflagellates. Previous research points to the presence of multiple toxin involvement. Some of these toxins are purported to be ion channel inhibitors or activators. In this fourth year of the contract, growth of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus in mass culture has ... |
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| Effects of Alum Treatment on Phosphorus Dynamics and Phytoplankton Response in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin |
SEP 90 |
|
| Authors:
John W. Barko; William F. James; William D. Taylor; Dwilette G. McFarland; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The hypolimnion of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, was treated with aluminum sulfate (alum) in 1986 to reduce excessive phytoplankton production associated with high phosphorus loading from anoxic, profundal sediments. Prior to treatment, internal total phosphorus (TP) loading was 3 to 6 time greater than external TP loading during summer stratification. Periodic increases in epilimnetic TP mass and chlorophyll alpha concentrations closely corresponded with elevated internal TP. For 1 year following ... |
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| Microbiological Assay Using Bioluminescent Organism. |
21 AUG 1990 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur V. Stiffey; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A microbiological assay based on bioluminesce employing the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula. An oil well drilling fluid sample is prepared according to E.P.A. procedures to obtain a suspended particulate phase sample. An aliquot of the sample is added to a growth medium containing Pyrocystis lunula in suspension. The mixture is agitated to subject th Pyrocystis lunula to a shear stress. Light emitted as a result of the shear stress on ... |
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| Dinoflagellate Blooms and Physical Systems in the Gulf of Maine |
JUN 90 |
|
| Authors:
Peter J. Franks; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense have been nearly annual occurrences along the coast of Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts since 1972. However, the mechanisms controlling the timing and spread of these blooms have not been well understood. Based on intense hydrographic and biological sampling from 1987 to 1989 in the affected region, I concluded that blooms of A. tamartense were advected alongshore in a coastally trapped buoyant plume ... |
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| Binding Assays for the Quantitative Detection of P. brevis Polyether Neurotoxins in Biological Samples and Antibodies as Therapeutic Aids |
15 MAY 90 |
|
| Authors:
Daniel G. Baden; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FL
|
| The polyether lipid-soluble toxins isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis can be detected using immunoassays. Brevetoxins can be covalently linked to proteins to produce fully antigenic materials. Antigen can be used to raise antibodies in goats using the toxin- protein conjugates. Both radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunoassays can be developed using the goat antibodies. Toxin derivatives in which enzymes are covalently attached are unstable and lose enzymatic activity under all ... |
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| Binding Assays for the Quantitative Detection of P. Brevis Polyether Neurotoxins in Biological Samples and Antibodies as Therapeutic Aids for Polyether Marine Intoxication |
15 MAR 90 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel G. Baden; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FL
|
| The polyether lipid-soluble toxins isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis can be detected using a number of different types of immunosorbant assay. A comparison of six different formats were undertaken, evaluating each of sensitivity and for background color development. Further purification of specific anti-brevetoxin antibody, followed by utilization in four different types of immunosorbant assay, indicated that a sandwich-type assay employing toxin adsorbed to plates, specific antibrevetoxin antibody, and ... |
|
| Immunological Techniques for Detection of Fungal and Dinoflagellate Toxins |
15 JAN 90 |
|
| Authors:
Fun S. Chu; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON FOOD RESEARCH INST
|
| Among many low molecular weight heat resistant naturally-occurring toxins discovered in recent years, trichothecene mycotoxins and marine toxins such as paralytic shellfish poisons and cyclic peptide cyanogensins are potentially hazardous to human health. Trichothecene mycotoxins have been implicated as a biological warfare agent used by the USSR. Since both marine toxins occur naturally and the trichothecenes are readily produced by fungi in the laboratory, these toxins could be used by ... |
|
| Photosynthetic Pigment Investigations in the North Atlantic Ocean (FY89- 90) |
90 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Robert R. Bidigare; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The major focus of the Marine Bioluminescence and Upper Ocean Physics Program (Marine Light-Mixed Layer, MLML) is to understand and predict the spatio-temporal variability of the bioluminescent light field in the upper ocean. Successful fulfillment of this objective requires the development of mechanistic models which describe interactions among important optical, biological and physical processes. The major scientific objectives of this current research task are to: (1) develop models for accurately ... |
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| Bioluminescence Measurements and Light Budget Analysis in the Vestfjord, Norway in the Fall 1989 |
90 |
|
| Authors:
David Lapota; David K. Young; Dennis Lavoie; Irene DePalma; Mark Hulbert; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Light budgets were constructed from biological collections and compared with bathyphotometric measurements of bioluminescence intensity made at five stations in Vestfjord, Norway, during October 1989. These comparisons suggested three different types of bioluminescence profiles. Types 1, 2, and 3 exhibited the lowest, intermediate, and greatest numbers of bioluminescent dinoflagellates and integrated water column bioluminescence dinoflagellates and a light budget dominated by Ceratium fusus to a depth of 15 m. Below ... |
|
| Northern Lights: A Study of Bioluminescence in a High Latitude Norwegian Fjord |
90 |
|
| Authors:
D. K. Young; D. Lapota; D. Lavoie; F. C. Stephens; I. Depalma; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| An oceanographic cruise (NORTHERN LIGHT) was conducted during October 1989 in Vestfjord, Norway, to determine causes for spatial and temporal variability of bioluminescence at the end of the fall plankton bloom. Profiles of bioluminescence, chlorophyll fluorescence, beam attenuation coefficient and temperature suggested three different bioluminescence-related water types. Upper fjord and western fjord water showed high amounts of bioluminescence in the upper 10 to 20 m coinciding with a shallow thermocline ... |
|
| Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates Relative to Phytoplankton Biomass and Community Structure in Vestfjord, Norway |
90 |
|
| Authors:
F. C. Stephens; I. Depalma; D. Lavoie; D. Lapota; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| In-vivo fluorescence measurements indicate horizontal patchy distribution of phytoplankton on scales of 10's of kilometers and finer in Vestfjord in the fall (October) of 1989. Measurements of both total extractable chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a in size-fractionated phytoplankton reveal vertical as well as horizontal heterogeneity of biomass and community structure. Cell counts from preserved samples show that in some areas, monads and flagellates frequently dominated communities. In other areas, diatoms ... |
|
| Toxin-Induced Activation of Rat Hepatocyte Prostaglandin Synthesis and Phospholipid Metabolism |
22 DEC 89 |
|
| Authors:
Syed M. Naseem; Kulthoum A. Mereish; Rikki Solow; Harry B. Hines; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The effects of microcystin-LR a trichothecene (T-2 toxin) and saxitoxin on membrane lipid mediators of inflammatory processes were evaluated in cultured rat hepatocytes. Microcystin-LR significantly stimulated the release of prostacyclin and thromboxane B(2) in a concentration-dependent manner. The trichothecene toxin, T-2, enhanced the release of prostaglandin F(2)a (PGF(2)a) by 24% (p <0.05) and arachidonic acid by 29% (p <0.05); while saxitoxin failed to cause the release of prostaglandins or arachidonic ... |
|
| Dinoflagellate Toxins Responsible for Ciguatera Food Poisoning |
20 DEC 1989 |
|
| Authors:
Donald M. Miller; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT CARBONDALE DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
|
| During the third contract year over 300 grams dry weight of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus was grown in large scale culture. Chemosystematic studies resulted in information which allowed improvements in both culturing and toxin production. Gram levels of cells and toxic extracts were processed in an effort to improve toxin production by G. toxicus. Crude and semi-purified toxins were delivered. Keywords: Ciguatera syndrome, Toxins, Inhibitor, RA I, Dinoflagellates, Mass culture, ... |
|
| Molecular Biology and Genetic Regulation in Marine Dinoflagelletes |
26 JUN 89 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Hastings; L. Fritz; T. Lewis; HARVARD COLL CAMBRIDGE MASS PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS
|
| Our studies are concerned with the structure, organization and expression of the genome of marine dinoflagellates; they commonly occur as free living photosynthetic marine unicells, but also include endosymbiotic, parasitic and heterophic taxa. Some are bioluminescent; some produce potent neurotoxins; and some cause red tides. The dinoflagellate nucleus is unusual in that the chromosomes remain condensed throughout interphase and lack nucleosomes and histone like proteins. We have undertaken the cloning ... |
|
| The Genetic Basis of Specificity in Dinoflagellate-Invertebrate Symbiosis |
21 JUN 89 |
|
| Authors:
Robert K. Trench; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| The aim of the study is to understand how marine invertebrates can distinguish between certain dinoflagellates with which they form symbioses, and others with recognition involving algal cell wall-associated proteins/ protetoglycans that inter-act with receptors on the animal cel symbiosome membrane. We have successfully isolated cell walls from three symbiotic dinoflagellate species that have been grown in axenic culture. These three species of algae represent examples of a) a species ... |
|
| An Amoeba/Zooxanthellae Consortium as a Model System for Animal/Algal Symbiosis |
08 JUN 89 |
|
| Authors:
Miriam Polne-Fuller; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| The interactions between the marine amoeba Trichosphaerium Am-I-7 and a variety of symbiotic and non-symbiotic dinoflagellates is being studied. The amoeba may eat specific available algae, ignore some species, and phagocytose other species but not digest them. Non symbiotic dinoflagellates were quickly digested. Symbiotic dinoflagellates especially of the genus Symbiodinium, were either avoided or phagocytosed to different extents but were not digested. Of the symbiotic dinoflagellates Symbiodinium species 8 was ... |
|
| Lack of an Effect of Saxitoxin on the Contractility of Isolated Guinea Pig Trachea, Lung Parenchyma and Aorta |
14 FEB 89 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Casey P. Robinson; David R. Franz; Maria E. Bondura; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The effects of saxitoxin were investigated in guinea pig tracheal rings, lung parenchymal strips and aorta rings. Tracheal rings were used both with epithelium present and with it removed. Aorta rings were used both with endothelium present and with it removed. Saxitoxin, 1 picomole to 0.1 micro mole, did not alter the resting tension of either airway tissues or aorta. Also, 0.1 micro mole saxitoxin did not reduce tension of ... |
|
| Binding Assays for the Quantitative Detection of P. brevis Polyether Neurotoxins in Biological Samples and Antibodies as Therapeutic Aids for Polyether Marine Intoxication |
15 DEC 88 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel G. Baden; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FLA
|
| The polyether lipid-soluble toxins isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) can be detected using two separate types of specific binding reaction. Using tritiated PbTx-3 as a specific probe for binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels in rat brain synaptosomes or to specific polyclonal antibodies, binding equilibria and displacement by unlabeled brevetoxins have been compared. Labeled toxin can be displaced in a competitive manner by any of the ... |
|
| Characterization of the Ptychodiscus brevis Polyether Neurotoxin Binding Component in Excitable Membranes |
31 JUL 88 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel G. Baden; Thomas J. Mende; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FLA
|
| The research is aimed at characterization of the binding site for Ptychodiscus brevis neurotoxin PbTx-3 (formerly known as T17) in nerve tissues, specifically in rat brain synaptosomes. The polyether lipid-soluble toxins isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) bind to a unique site, Site V, associated with the voltage- sensitive sodium channel probe for binding at Site V, dissociation constants and binding maxima have been determined in ... |
|
| Respiratory Effects of Brevetoxin (PbTx-3) and Saxitoxin in Awake Guinea Pigs |
27 JUL 88 |
|
| Authors:
David R. Franz; Ross D. LeClaire; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (brevetoxin) is associated with 'Florida red tide' and causes neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Saxitoxin is the agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning. Clinical reports of human intoxication suggest that both toxins affect the respiratory system. The toxins were administered by slow intravenous infusion. The effects of the toxins on respiratory function of awake guinea pigs in a pressure plethysmograph were studied. Both toxins caused lactic acidosis of unknown etiology ... |
|
| Molecular Biology of the Photoregulator of Photosynthetic Light- Harversting Complexes in Marine Dinoflagellates |
20 JUN 88 |
|
| Authors:
Barbara B. Prezelin; Edward L. Triplett; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
|
| Our goal is to continue to use biotechnological techniques to study the genetic bases of light- and nutrient- regulation of photosynthetic light- harvesting complexes in marine dinoflagellates and their consequences for the bio-optical features of these algae. The studies are significant to determining the molecular bases of environmental regulation of gene expression and photosynthetic performance in marine phytoplankton. Results also contribute to understanding the linkages between light environments and cell ... |
|
| Immunological Techniques for Detection of Fungal and Dinoflagellate Toxins |
12 MAY 88 |
|
| Authors:
Fun S. Chu; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON FOOD RESEARCH INST
|
| 1) A new direct ELISA, which involves the use of a generic type antibody for T-2 toxin and 3-acetyl-neosolaniol-hemisuccinate (3-Ac-NEOS-HS) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase for the analysis of T-2 toxin metabolites, was established. 2) Analysis of 5 metabolites, i.e. T-2 toxin, HT-2, T-2-4ol, 3'-OH-HT-2, NEOS and a mixture of these five toxins, added at toxin concentrations of 50 and 200 ng/mL of urine, revealed that 87% of the added toxins ... |
|
| An Antibody to Prevent the Effects of Brevetoxin Poisoning in Conscious Rats |
09 MAR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Charles B. Templeton; Mark A. Poli; Ross D. LeClaire; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The marine dinoflagellate, Ptychodiscus brevis, primarily responsible for Florida red tides, produces toxins which cause massive fish kills in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Florida coast. In humans, these toxins (brevetoxins) also cause a respiratory tract irritation from contact with seaspray and an intoxication known as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. These toxins may be considered as potential biological warfare threat agents; therefore, finding a method of prophylaxis and therapy ... |
|
| Planktonic Bioluminescence Measurements in Arctic Waters |
FEB 88 |
|
| Authors:
D. Lapota; NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Bioluminescence has been observed infrequently in arctic waters although recent measurements at high latitudes, even under pack ice, indicate that measured intensities are comparable to open ocean and coastal intensities. Bioluminescence measurements were conducted in the summer months of 1986 above the Arctic Circle in open water in Vestfjord, Norway and in pack ice in the Beaufort Sea, northeast of Pt. Barrow. Stations in the ice were kept open by ... |
|
| Binding Assays for the Quantitative Detection of P. brevis Polyether Neurotoxins in Biological Samples and Antibodies as Therapeutic Aids for Polyether Marine Intoxication |
01 DEC 87 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel G. Baden; MIAMI UNIV CORAL GABLES FLA
|
| The polyether lipid-soluble toxins isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve bind to a unique site, Site V, associated with voltage-dependent sodium channels in rat brain synaptosomes. Using tritiated PbTx-3 as a specific probe for binding a Site V, a K sub d of 2.9 nM and a Bmax of 6.8 pmoles/mg synaptosomal protein has been determined. Binding equilibria and displacement by unlabeled PbTx-3 occur in a ... |
|
| Solid-State Photometer Circuit. |
25 AUG 1987 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur V. Stiffey; David L. Blank; George I. Loeb; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This patent discloses a stable, inexpensive and easily constructed photometer consisting of a commercial integrated photodetection assembly, complementary solid-state operational amplifiers and a solid-state power supply for use in the detection and quantification of low level light emissions from bioluminescence organisms and for the detection of the absence of bioluminescence. Means are provided for controlling the sensitivity of the system as well as providing for direct readout or integration of ... |
|
| Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Paralytic Shellfish Poison Poly- and Monoclonal Antibodies for Development of Identification and Prophylaxis/Therapy Techniques |
01 AUG 86 |
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| Authors:
Peter H. Duquette; BIO-METRIC SYSTEMS INC EDEN PRAIRIE MN
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| Massive dinoflagellated blooms in coastal waters are the cause of the phenomenon known as the red tide. These organisms produce a very potent group of tetrahydropurine-based toxins involved in paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The mode of action of the PSP is based upon their ability to act as potent blocking agents of the voltage-sensitive sodium ion channels in neuromuscular membranes. They disrupt the ion passage which prevents signal transmission in ... |
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| System for Measuring Bioluminescence Flash Kinetics. |
07 JAN 1986 |
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| Authors:
Jon R. Losee; David Lapota; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| A test chamber is disclosed for determining the bioluminescent signatures of planktonic organisms in which a light tight chamber has at least one light port, and preferably two light ports, where photomultiplier tubes are connected to the test chamber for detecting and measuring the flash kinetics of marine organisms. A door is pivotally mounted on the light tight chamber for permitting insertion and withdrawal of an organism sample holder. A ... |
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| Biological Activity at Oceanic Fronts |
DEC 85 |
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| Authors:
William M. Dunstan; Kimberley Davis; OLD DOMINION UNIV NORFOLK VA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Oceanic fronts, the sharp transition regions between different water masses, exhibit enhanced biological activity which can: (1) mechanically concentrate and/or sort various plankton and particulate substances, including pollutants; (2) stimulate increased autotrophic and heterotrophic productivity, including red tide conditions; (3) affect behavioral patterns such as diurnal vertical movements of plankton and migration of oceanic fishes; (4) juxtapose communities that otherwise would not interact, forming new community assemblages; and (5) limit ... |
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| Studies on the Immunochemical Techniques for Detection of Selected Fungal and Dinoflagellate Toxins |
31 AUG 85 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
F. S. Chu; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
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| Methods for the production of antibodies in rabbits against diacetoxysirpenol (DAS), deoxyverrucarol (DOVE), acetyl-deoxynivalenol (Ac-DON) and T-2 toxin metabolities including were developed. A number of tritiated trichothecene mycotoxins of high specific radioactivity were prepared. A new improved method for the production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and DAS in rabbits was developed. With the availability of different antibodies, sensitive and specific RIAs for thes mycotoxins were developed. An indirect ELISA ... |
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| Studies on the Immunochemical Techniques for Detection of Selected Fungal and Dinoflagellate Toxins |
15 AUG 85 |
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| Authors:
F. S. Chu; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
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| Conditions for improving antibody production against T-2 toxin were studied. Methods for the production of antibodies in rabbits against diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxyverrucarol (DOVE), acetyl-deoxynivalenol (Ac-DON) and T-2 toxin metabolities were developed. A new improved method for the production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and DAS in rabbits was developed. A generic-type antibody which cross-reacted with most type A trichothecene mycotoxins was obtained. Saxitoxin antibody was raised after immunizing rabbits with ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
DINOFLAGELLATA
