| Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) Missile Shelters and Bunkers Scoping Survey Report |
01-Jun-2009 |
1203 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Rademacher; Joshua Hubbell; Derek Favret; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS CITY-BASE TX HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING (711TH)
|
 | The Weapons Safety Division, Headquarters, Air Force Safety Center (HQAFSC/SEW) and Radiation Health Branch, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM/OEHH) performed radiological scoping surveys on Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) site structures. Work coincided with oversight responsibilities during final status surveys and spot remediation under contract to Cabrera Services, and later remedial actions in pits and bunkers. In general, survey findings were comparative to survey measurements of shelter interiors ... |
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| Carcinogenicity of Embedded Tungsten Alloys in Mice |
Mar-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
John F Kalinich; JACKSON (HENRY M) FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| A variety of unique metal mixtures have entered the military arsenals of many countries in recent years. One such material is the tungsten alloys, which have been proposed as replacements for depleted uranium (DU) in armor-penetrating munitions. As a result, opportunities for exposure are increasingly likely. This leads to questions, similar to those originally surrounding DU, as to the health effects of exposure to the tungsten alloys, especially for embedded ... |
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| Carcinogenicity of Embedded Tungsten Alloys in Mice |
01-Mar-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
John F Kalinich; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| A variety of unique metal mixtures have entered the military arsenals of many countries in recent years. One such material is the tungsten alloys, which have been proposed as replacements for depleted uranium (DU) in armor-penetrating munitions. As a result, opportunities for exposure are increasingly likely. This leads to questions, similar to those originally surrounding DU, as to the health effects of exposure to the tungsten alloys, especially for embedded ... |
|
| Chapter 9 - Neurotoxicological Interactions with Physical and Psychological Stressors |
SEP 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Karl Friedl; Stephen Grate; Susan Proctor; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Over the past deade, the U.S. DoD invested >150M to investigate undiagnosed Gulf War Illness (GWI) and more than twice that amount in clinical management and related efforts with regard to the same issues. The research produced important new understanding of post-deployment health issues and potentially hazardous occupational, materiel, and environmental exposures. Gulf War Illnesses issues also created a new awareness of important neuropsychological and neurotoxicological interactions which were not ... |
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| Neurobehavioral Effects of Sodium Tungstate Exposure on Rats and Their Progeny |
30 JUN 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
S. M. Mclnturf; M. Y. Bekkedal; A. Olabisi; D. Arfsten; E. Wilfong; R. Casavant; W. Jederberg; P. G. Gunasekar; G. CHAPMAN; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER (DET) WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS LAB
|
| In the mid 1990's, the use of tungsten as a replacement for lead and depleted uranium began for the manufacture of small arms munitions and armor penetrator munitions, respectively. Recent reports have demonstrated that tungsten can solubilize in soil and is present in some US drinking water supplies, however, little research has been conducted to determine the human health consequences of exposure. The purpose of this study was to use ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tungsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2006 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; Alexandra C. Miller; David E. McClain; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This study investigated the carcinogenic and immunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA) consisting of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt. Male Fisher 344 rats were surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). Implanted WA resulted in the rapid formation of tumors, identified as rhabdomyosarcomas, surrounding the pellets. These tumors had, within the ... |
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| Effect of Solventless Bore Cleaning Device (SBCD) on Surface Finish and Contamination Transport in the M256 Gun Barrel |
SEP 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Bundy; James Garner; Gerald Garcia; Robert Baylor; Terry Marrs; Julius Pitts; Bob Vanina; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| A new solventless bore cleaning technique, marketed by GI Industries, is currently under review by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Benet Laboratory, and the Aberdeen Test Center. Previous studies have shown that this new cleaning system is efficient at removing propellant residue/glaze without producing any measurable bore wear. This report speaks to both the subtle question of whether or not this new method of cleaning roughens the surface finish; but ... |
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| Hafnium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses for Kinetic Energy Penetrators |
DEC 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Laszlo J. Kecskes; Brian T. Edwards; Robert H. Woodman; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A new family of quinary, hafnium-based, bulk-metallic glass-forming alloys has been developed for use in composite kinetic-energy penetrators. The alloys are based on an invariant point identified in the hafnium copper-nickel ternary system. They are denser than zirconium-based glass-forming compositions, and exhibit a higher reduced glass-transition temperature than alloys prepared by 1:1 hafnium substitution into the zirconium-based alloys. The combination of density and glass-forming ability exhibited by this alloy moves ... |
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| Carcinogenicity and Immunotoxicity of Embedded Depleted Uranium and Heavy-Metal Tugsten Alloy in Rodents |
OCT 2004 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Kalinich; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| This study investigates the carcinogenic and imunotoxic potential of embedded fragments of depleted uranium (DU) and a heavy-metal tungsten alloy (WA). Male Fischer 344 rats are surgically implanted with pellets of DU, WA, tantalum (inert metal, negative control), or nickel (known carcinogen, positive control). In Year 3 of this study, we found that implanted WA resulted in tumors at the implantation site in 100% of the rats. These tumors developed ... |
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| Neurotoxicity From Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
APR 2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Lasley; CHICAGO UNIV IL
|
| This project is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to depleted uranium (DU) impairs neuronal processes underlying cognitive function via alterations induced at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. As prescribed by the Statement of Work, efforts in year 2 concerned completion of Technical Objective I (establishment of chronic exposure protocol) and achieving substantial progress on Technical Objective 2 (defining integrity of hippocampal glutamate release). Blood and brain concentrations of uranium ... |
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| Preconceptional Paternal Exposure to Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments: Transmission of Genetic Damage to Offspring |
MAR 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra C. Miller; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| The Persian Gulf War resulted in friendly fire casualties among U.S. personnel injured by fragments of depleted uranium (DU) munitions. The demonstrated effectiveness of such weapons makes it likely that they may be used against U.S. forces in future conflicts. Uncertainty about how aggressively to remove fragments of the radioactive, chemically toxic DU has stimulated research into the long-term health consequences of embedded DU fragments. There has been no previous ... |
|
| DU Fragment Carcinogenicity: Extrapolation of Findings in Rodents to Man |
MAR 2004 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Fletcher F. Hahn; LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| Rats with implants of DU or injections of Thorotrast(Federal Registration) in muscles developed soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Tissue samples from this previously conducted life-span study were used to determine certain molecular changes associated with the STS induction. Significantly increased p53 expression was present in DU- induced STS compared with those induced by Thorotrast(Federal Registration). However, p53 expression was not found in the few microscopic tumors of the capsules around the ... |
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| HVOF Application of Nickel and Nickel Alloy to Tungsten Heavy Alloy Jacketed Penetrators |
NOV 2003 |
|
| Authors:
John V. Kelley; Russell Kilbane; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
 | In recent years, there has been an increased desire to replace depleted uranium (DL) anti-armor penetrators with tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) penetrators. However, the ballistic performance of WHA does not compare with that of DL). Many methods of improving the ballistic properties of tungsten have been explored. One recent method includes jacketing a long thin core of WHA with a more ductile metal. This report examines the use of thermal-sprayed, ... |
|
| HVOF Application of Nickel and Nickel Alloy to Tungsten Heavy Alloy for Jacketed Penetrators |
NOV 2003 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
John V. Kelley; Russell Kilbane; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In recent years, there has been an increased desire to replace depleted uranium (DU) anti-armor penetrators with tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) penetrators. However, the ballistic performance of WHA does not compare with that of DU. Many methods of improving the ballistic properties of tungsten have been explored. One recent method includes jacketing a long thin core of WHA with a more ductile metal. This report examines the use of thermal-sprayed, ... |
|
| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
OCT 2003 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard S. Jortner; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG
|
| This is the second year of a four-year project to evaluate neurotoxicity related to depleted uranium (DU) exposure and stress in rats. In this year, the project was modified based upon a scientific review of our project at the Force Health Protection Review of Depleted Uranium Projects. This resulted in addition of a pilot stress study, modification of the acute toxicity study and use of an en%enhanced stress model for ... |
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| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosols: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
|
| This proposal investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (CNS), diffusely distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxic responses. Potentially substantial inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) occurred during the GW and recent data suggests systemic DU enters the CNS and is associated with neurological deficits. Penetration of the nose-brain barrier can produce deposition ... |
|
| Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Uranium |
SEP 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Aschner; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Studies in Year 2 continued according to the original plan. Studies were carried out in RBE4 cells and in primary astrocyte cultures. In both cell types, there was a significant increase in 54manganese uptake due to the addition of uranium to the media. Incubation with uranium did not significantly alter DMT-1 may not be the putative transporter for uranium across the blood- brain barrier. In addition studies, which were delayed ... |
|
| Neurotoxicity From Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
APR 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M. Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| This project is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to depleted uranium (DU) impairs neuronal processes underlying cognitive function via alterations induced at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. As prescribed by the Statement of Work, efforts were initiated in year I on Technical Objectives 1 (establishment of chronic exposure protocol) and 2 (defining integrity of hippocampal glutamate release) and are continuing into year 2. Blood and brain tissue are being ... |
|
| Preconceptional Paternal Exposure to Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments: Transmission of Genetic Damage to Offspring |
MAR 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra C. Miller; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| The Persian Gulf War resulted in friendly fire casualties among U.S. personnel injured by fragments of depleted uranium (DU) munitions. The demonstrated effectiveness of such weapons makes it likely that they may be used against U.S. forces in future conflicts. Uncertainty about how aggressively to remove fragments of the radioactive, chemically toxic DU has stimulated research into the long-term health consequences of embedded DU fragments. There has been no previous ... |
|
| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosols: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2002 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE ERIC H WANG CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| This project is investigating the potential for inhaled uranium oxide aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (CNS), diffusely distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxic responses. The first year of the project has focused on generating aerosols representative of exposure concentrations and particle sizes that reflect exposure atmospheres potentially encountered in very short-term exposures likely in the Gulf War. The research ... |
|
| Literature Survey on Decorporation of Radionuclides from the Human Body |
APR 2002 |
|
| Authors:
E. A. Waller; R. Z. Stodilka; K. Leach; L. Prud'honne-Lalonde; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADAOTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| The broad use of radionuclides by many industries has greatly increased the probability of events that could lead to internalized contamination. Examples include accidents and/or intentional damage to nuclear power plants or radiation therapy units in hospitals, the use of radiological dispersal weapons, and lost or stolen radionuclide sources. Developing effective countermeasures requires knowledge of the physical and chemical composition of the radionuclides, their metabolic activities within the body, and ... |
|
| On the Aerodynamic Heating of a KE Pentrator - Conductive Material Heating and Thermal Gradients Prior to Transient Impact Loading |
SEP 2001 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Todd W. Bjerke; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The temperature increase in the main body portion of a kinetic energy penetrator flying at sea level with a speed of 1,500 m/s was calculated using an analytical conduction analysis with a convective boundary condition. The penetrator was modeled as a smooth cylinder of uniform diameter and material properties. The results from a previously published computational fluid dynamics simulation were used to provide the convective heat transfer coefficient and the ... |
|
| Remedial Action and Final Radiological Status, 1964 B-58 Accident Site, Grissom Air Reserve Base, Bunker Hill, Indiana |
DEC 2000 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Steven E. Rademacher; Brian Renaghan; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX SURVEILLANCE DIRECTORAT
|
| On 8 December 1964, during a routine Operational Readiness Inspection, a B-58 strategic bomber skidded off the runway a Bunker Hill AFB IN (later named Grissom AFB). The consequence of the accident was a fire and destruction of five nuclear weapons on the aircraft. The high explosives in the weapon did not detonate, but melted and burned, leaving residual radioactive contamination in soils adjacent to the runway. The contaminated area ... |
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| Remedial Action Workplan, 1964 B-58 Accident Site, Grissom Air Reserve Base, Bunker Hill, Indiana |
AUG 2000 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Steven E. Rademacher; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX SURVEILLANCE DIRECTORAT
|
| On December 8, 1964, during a routine Operational Readiness Inspection, a B-58 strategic bomber skidded off the runway at Bunker Hill AFB, IN (later named Grissom Air Force Base). The consequence of the accident was a fire and destruction of five nuclear weapons on the aircraft. The high explosives in the weapons did not detonate, but melted and burned, leaving some residual radioactive contamination in ... |
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| Carcinogenesis of Depleted Uranium Fragments |
JUN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Fletcher F. Hahn; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ALBUQUERQUE NM ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS OFFICE
|
| This study determined the carcinogenicity of depleted uranium DU(Ti) fragments in muscles of rats. Implants of DU(Ti) were compared to implants of tantalum (Ta), as a foreign-body control, and to injections of radioactive Thorotrast(R), a colloid of thorium dioxide, as a radioactive control. The test metals, in four squares (2.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 mm or 5.0 x 5.0 x 1.5 mm) or pellets (2.0 x 1.0 mm diam.) were ... |
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| Gulf War and Health Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Sarin, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Vaccines |
2000 |
|
| Authors:
Caroyln E. Fulco; Catharyn T. Liverman; Harold C. Sox; INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE WASHINGTON DC
|
| On August 2, 1990, Iraqi armed forces invaded Kuwait; within 5 days the United States began to deploy troops to Operation Desert Shield. Intense air attacks against the Iraqi armed forces began on January 16, 1991, and opened a phase of the conflict known as Operation Desert Storm. Oil-well fires became visible by satellite images as early as February 9, 1991; the ground war began OR ... |
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| Evaluation of the Health Risks of Embedded Depleted Uranium (DU) shrapnel on Pregnance and Offspring Development |
OCT 1999 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly A. Benson; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION ROCKVILLE MD
|
| This part of the medical research on "Evaluation of the Health Risks of Embedded Depleted Uranium D (DU) Shrapnel on Pregnancy and Offspring Development" was unable to be completed because the depleted uranium was not available. |
|
| Galvanic Corrosion of Tungsten Coupled With Several Metals/Alloys |
NOV 1998 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
F. C. Chang; J. H. Beatty; M. J. Kane; J. Beck; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| From an environment perspective, tungsten is a more desirable material than depleted uranium (DU) for penetrator applications. However, the ballistic performance attained by current tungsten (W) alloys is inferior to DU. Recently, advanced tungsten-metal (W-M) composites have been developed to improve their ballistic penetration, but the corrosion properties are unknown and need to be determined. In this work, the galvanic corrosion behavior of W coupled with several selected metals/alloys was ... |
|
| Carcinogenesis of Depleted Uranium |
OCT 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Fletcher F. Hahn; LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| Depleted uranium (DU)-containing shrapnel was found in the wounds of several Gulf War veterans. DU may be more hazardous than other shrapnel because of its radioactivity and known toxicity to the kidney. Predictions of risk are necessary to guide the medical management of soldiers with DU-bearing wounds both now and in the future. We are determining the carcinogenicity of radioactive DU fragments in tissues relative to nonradioactive foreign-body fragments and ... |
|
| The Performance and Deformation Behavior of Oriented Columnar-Grained Tungsten Polycrystalline Penetrators |
MAY 1998 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Lee S. Magness; Wendy A. Leonard; Deepak Kapoor; Moon Chung; Jeffrey Trogolo; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The flow and failure of monocrystalline tungsten penetrators, during the penetration of armor targets, has been shown to be anisotropic. The penetration performances of the single-crystal penetrators were found to be a function of the crystallographic orientation of the penetrator axis. The performance of the 100-oriented tungsten penetrators was roughly equivalent to that of depleted uranium penetrators. In this series of ballistic experiments, the performance and deformation behaviors of polycrystalline ... |
|
| Acquisition of a Computation/Visualization Server for the Center for Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science |
30 APR 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Diana Farkas; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV BLACKSBURG DEPT OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING
|
| The computation/visualization server for the Center for Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science (CMSMS) will support extensive computational research in fundamental areas of materials science that have an impact on the development and processing of novel materials. DOD-supported research to be enhanced by the server will address the design and performance of novel materials from first principles quantum mechanical calculations and non- equilibrium thermodynamic ... |
|
| Toxicological Evaluation of Depleted Uranium in Rats: Six-Month Evaluation Point |
01 FEB 1998 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
T. C. Fellmar; J. B. Hogan; K. A. Benson; M. R. Landauer; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| The use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions during Desert Storm resulted in a unique type of battlefield casualty DU shrapnel wounds. The toxicity associ- ated with embedded DU may differ significantly from other metals or other routes of uranium administration. This is a 6-month interim report of an 18- month study that is designed to assess the toxicity of implanted DU pellets. This study evaluates kidney behavioral and neural toxicity ... |
|
| Toxicological Evaluation of Depleted Uranium in Rats: Six-Month Evaluation Point |
FEB 1998 |
|
| Authors:
T. C. Pellmar; J. B. Hogan; K. A. Benson; M. R. Landauer; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| The use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions during Desert Storm resulted in a unique type of battlefield casualty, DU shrapnel wounds. The toxicity associated with embedded DU may differ significantly from other metals or other routes of uranium administration. This is a 6-month interim report of an 18-month study that is designed to assess the toxicity of implanted DU pellets. This study evaluates kidney, behavioral, and neural toxicity associated with ... |
|
| Health Risk Assessment of Embedded Depleted Uranium: Behavior, Physiology, Histology and Biokenetic Modeling |
OCT 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Terry C. Pellmar; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| This study assesses the health risks associated with embedded depleted uranium (DU) fragments by evaluating the behavioral, physiological and histological consequences of intramuscularly implanted DU pellets in a rodent model. Animals, distributed into S experimental groups: (1) control (20 1-mmx2-mm chemically inert tantalum (Ta) pellets), (2) high dose (20 1-mmx2-mm DU pellets), (3) medium dose (10 DU and 10 Ta pellets), (4) low dose (4 DU and 16 Ta pellets) ... |
|
| Gulf War Illnesses: Enhanced Monitoring of Clinical Progress and of Research Priorities Needed |
24 JUN 97 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL A FFAIRS DIV
|
| Before turning to the results of our work in detail, let me briefly provide some background information and discuss the methodology we used for our study. During their deployment associated with the Persian Gulf War, many of the approximately 700,000 veterans of the Gulf War may have been exposed to a variety of potentially hazardous substances. These substances include compounds used to decontaminate equipment and protect it against chemical agents, ... |
|
| Gulf War Illnesses: Improved Monitoring of Clinical Progress and Reexamination of Research Emphasis Are Needed |
23 JUN 97 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL A FFAIRS DIV
|
| Many of the approximately 700,000 veterans of the Persian Gulf War have complained of illnesses since the war's end in 1991. Some fear they are suffering from chronic disabling conditions because of wartime exposures to one or more agents with known or suspected health effects. This report responds to the mandate of the fiscal year 1997 defense authorization act that we analyze the effectiveness of the government's clinical care and ... |
|
| Toxicity of Depleted Uranium |
FEB 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Fletcher F. Hahn; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ALBUQUERQUE NM ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS OFFICE
|
| Several soldiers from the Gulf War were wounded by depleted uranium (DU)-containing shrapnel. There is concern that DU may be more hazardous than other shrapnel because of its radioactivity and known toxicity to the kidney. Predictions of risk are necessary to guide the medical management of soldiers with DU-bearing wounds both now and in the future. We are determining the carcinogenicity of radioactive DU fragments in tissues relative to nonradioactive ... |
|
| Health Risk Assessment of Embedded Depleted Uranium: Behavior, Physiology, Histology and Biokenetic Modeling |
NOV 1996 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Terry C. Pellmar; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTBETHESDA MD
|
| This study evaluates the consequences of both short-term and long- term exposure to DU fragments in the rat model. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we are assessing neurotoxicity, nephro-toxicity, histopathology of the tissue surrounding the fragment and pathology including evaluation of neoplastic changes in several body tissues. In addition, based on our animal data, we will develop a biokinetic model that describes the distribution of uranium from embedded fragments as a ... |
|
| A Ballistic Evaluation of Ti-6A1-4V versus Long Rod Penetrators |
JUL 96 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew S. Burkins; Jack I. Paige; Jeffrey S. Hansen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Previous research by the U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA, has shown that the most common titanium alloy, Ti-6A1-4V, provides weight-effective protection against small arms projectiles. Little follow-on research was performed with larger projectiles because the high cost of titanium precluded its use in land vehicle applications. However, since the cost of titanium has fallen relative to the cost of composite and ceramic armors, titanium is now a valid ... |
|
| Establishment of an Animal Model to Evaluate the Biological Effects of Intramuscularly Embedded Depleted Uranium Fragments |
JUL 96 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Carl A. Castro; Kimberly A. Benson; Victor Bogo; Eric G. Daxon; John B. Hogan; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| During the Persian Gulf War, 36 U.S. soldiers were wounded by depleted uranium (DU) munitions. Based on medical guidelines for conventional shrapnel injuries (nonradioactive), many DU fragments were left in soldiers. Unfortunately, health risks associated with embedded DU were unknown, and an animal model to investigate this did not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model to examine the health risks associated with DU shrapnel ... |
|
| A Toolbox for Health Risk Related Decisions |
MAY 1996 |
|
| Authors:
Clay E. Easterly; Troyce D. Jones; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| Development efforts since the late 1970s have resulted in a generalized method for ranking health hazards. This method provides the basis for a wide range of applications where decisions are needed for allocating resources on the basis of health risk considerations. It has been used for more than a decade to solve real problems and it is supported by 23 publications in the open literature. The diversity of this generalized ... |
|
| Nuclear Shipping and Storage Containers with Depleted Uranium (DU) shielding Department of Transportation (DOT) Certification Tests |
JAN 96 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Meyer; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AND SCHOOL SAVANNA IL
|
| The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS), Validation Engineering Division (SIOAC-DEV), was tasked by Industrial Operations Command (IOC), AMSIO-SMA-N, to conduct Department of Transportation (DOT) tests on nuclear hazardous waste containers containing concrete and 30mm DU rounds for shielding. Two series of tests were conducted due to fluctuations in radiation levels experienced during the first series of tests. During the second series of tests no fluctuations in radiation ... |
|
| Hot Explosive Consolidation of W-Ti Alloys |
JAN 95 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Laszlo J. Kecskes; Ian W. Hall; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| High density (98% T.D.) 95W-5Ti (wt.%) alloys have been fabricated by a hot explosive consolidation (HEC) technique. In the current procedure, a W+Ti powder compact is preheated by the heat released by a Ti+C exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and subsequently consolidated by pressure waves generated by the detonation of an explosive. The amount of explosive charge, sample configuration, and molar ratio of exothermic material to sample were found to affect ... |
|
| Robust Algorithms for Penetration Mechanics Problems |
OCT 94 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
R. C. Batra; MISSOURI UNIV-ROLLA
|
| We have studied the punching of a circular cylindrical hole in a steel plate impacted by a long rigid cylindrical rod. The material of the plate has been modeled by the Litonski-Batra constitutive relation, the effect of heat conduction is considered, the contacting surfaces are taken to be smooth, and the mesh is refined adaptively. Subsequent to the initial shock phase of impact during which the deformed plate material protrudes ... |
|
| Operation Desert Storm. Questions Remain on Possible Exposure to Reproductive Toxicants |
AUG 1994 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Winslow Wheeler; Kurt Kroemer; Robert Coperland; Penny Pickett; Venkareddy CHennareddy; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Since their return from deployment in the Persian Gulf war, many U.S. troops have complained of health problems that they believe result from their service in the gulf region. Research has shown that U.S. troops were exposed before, during, and after the war to a variety of substances that are potentially hazardous. These include occupational hazards (such as the extensive use of diesel fuel as a sand suppressant in and ... |
|
| Geophysical Investigation at U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts |
NOV 93 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Jose L. Llopis; Janet E. Simms; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL LAB
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| Results of a comprehensive, integrated geophysical investigation at 5 sites at the U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory (MTL) located in Watertown, MA, are presented. In 1960, the Army's first materials research reactor was completed at MTL, which was used actively in molecular and atomic structure research activities until 1970, when it was deactivated. In addition to the research reactor were facilities that stored and handled depleted uranium (DU). In 1989, ... |
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| Army P/M Research and Development Overview |
MAY 93 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Dowding; Martin G. Wells; Andrew Crowson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WATERTOWN MA
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| The Army uses of powder metallurgy (P/M) extend from the conventional press and sinter to the more exotic processes of liquid phase sintering of tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) and powder injection molding (PIM). Many of the more advanced high performance applications require extensive research and development (R and D) prior to fielding of the application. Examples arc the intense research into WHA in the last ten years. This research has ... |
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| The Development of a Tungsten Heavy Alloy That Fails by an Adiabatic Shear Mechanism. Phase 1 |
APR 93 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
Sumit Guha; Christos Kyriacou; James C. Withers; Raouf O. Loutfy; MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CORP TUCSON AZ
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| Kinetic Energy penetrators made from Depleted Uranium (DU) alloys have consistently performed better than equi-density and geometrically similar penetrators made from conventional tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) during ballistic penetration tests into semi-infinite Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) steel targets. The superior penetration behavior of DU penetrators is presently attributed to these penetrators maintaining a 'chisel' nose by failure along adiabatic shear bands which is in contrast to the 'mushroom' head observed ... |
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| Protocol for Monitoring Gulf War Veterans with Imbedded Fragments of Depleted Uranium |
MAR 93 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Eric G. Daxon; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| This protocol will implement two separate but complementary efforts. The first is the clinical follow-up of Desert Storm patients with known or suspected imbedded depleted uranium (DU) fragments, DU contaminated wounds or significant amounts of inhaled DU. The second is the conduct of research into the toxicological and radiological effects of this unique exposure modality |
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| Failure Engineered Heavy Metal Penetrators |
DEC 92 |
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| Authors:
Robert Cavalleri; W. Tiarn; D. Nicholson; APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES ORLANDO FL
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| The use of a layered tungsten penetrator as a replacement for depleted uranium in kinetic energy penetrators was investigated. The penetrator was fabricated using strips of tungsten which were vacuum brazed to form a single part. Two filler metals were investigated, copper and nickel along with built in mechanical shear lines. The objective of the shear line was to act as a fault line along which the penetrator would fracture. ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
DEPLETED URANIUM
