| Mission Connect Mild TBI Translational Research Consortium |
Aug-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
J R Perez-Polo; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
 | Brain injury, particularly mild 'blast type' injuries due to improvised exploding devices are difficult to detect clinically, although there are long term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Key inflammatory cytokines are unregulated after traumatic insults that play a role in the development of long-term deficits. Early events are increased IL-1 and TNFalpha cytokine levels, that contribute to cell death and inflammation, and microglial and astrocytic activation, mediators dysfunction via persistent inflammation. ... |
|
| Hobbs 3T MRI |
Aug-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Helen Hobbs; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| This contract supports the installation and use of a research-dedicated 3 Tesla (3T) imaging system to measure the size, strength, and function of the heart as well as to quantify the atherosclerotic burden in the aorta and carotid arteries in a multi-ethnic, population based cohort (the Dallas Heart Study-2). It supports accelerated parallel imaging of the heart, abdominal aorta, and carotids, and brain and reduces the time required for imaging ... |
|
| Targeting Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription-3 (STAT3) as a Novel Strategy in Sensitizing Breast Cancer to EGFR-Targeted Therapy |
Jun-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Hui-Wen Lo; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| Our research effort in the past award year has resulted in several interesting findings that support the study hypothesis: deregulated EGFR and STAT3 pathways synergistically contribute to the malignant biology of breast cancer and that combined uses of anti-EGFR and anti- STAT3 treatments result in significantly increased breast cancer cell death compared to single agent treatments. First, we have created isogenic breast cancer cell lines to stably express modestly activated ... |
|
| Concept for Unified Action Through Civil-Military Integration |
11-May-2009 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
MARINE CORPS COMBAT DEVELOPMENT COMMAND QUANTICO VA
|
| Aimed at increasing interaction between planning partners from all government, non-government, international agencies, and the private sector, this concept is designed to help military planners better understand how they can work together with partners--other government agencies, international organizations and allies--in the design and execution of campaigns. |
|
| Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Programs for Western PA FY04 and FY05 |
01-May-2009 |
884 pages |
| Authors:
Linda M Siminerio; Barbara E Barnes; Megan G Marks; PITTSBURGH UNIV MEDICAL CENTER PA
|
| Statistics show that over 66% of American adults, or more than 127 million, are overweight or obese. There is a strong link between obesity and diabetes. As the rates of obesity rise, so will the epidemic of diabetes. Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death by disease in the United States, and annual costs are $132 billion. Without proper medical care and patient education, individuals with diabetes will experience ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 16, Number 5, May 2009 |
May-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| ARTICLES: Deaths while on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, 1990-2008; Alcohol-related medical encounters, active components, U.S. Armed Forces, January 2006-December 2008; Preliminary report: Febrile acute respiratory disease caused by adenovirus type 14, U.S. Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, New Jersey, March 2009; Update: Pneumonia-influenza and severe acute respiratory illnesses, active components, U.S. Armed Forces, January 1997-March 2009; Surveillance Snapshot: Influenza A and B, service members and beneficiaries, ... |
|
| Small Molecule Activators of the Trk Receptors for Neuroprotection |
May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Nicholas J Webster; VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN DIEGO CA
|
 | Our central hypothesis is that asterriquinone activators of the Trk receptors would prevent the neuronal cell death associated with traumatic brain injury and would improve cognitive and motor outcomes. We have developed agonists to TrkA and TrkB. The TrkA agonist has been tested in a preclinical model of cognitive impairment and a model of traumatic brain injury. The drug improves learning in a Morris water maze paradigm and reduces infarct ... |
|
| Iraq: U.S. Casualties |
16-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Susan G Chesser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The following casualty data were compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agency's press releases. Table 1 provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, and is ongoing, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003. Statistics may be revised as circumstances are investigated ... |
|
| Iraq: U.S. Casualties |
03-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Susan G Chesser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The following casualty data was compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agenc's press releases. Table 1 provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, and is ongoing, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003. Statistics may be revised as circumstances are investigated ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 16, Number 4, April 2009 |
Apr-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| ARTICLES: Hospitalizations among members of active components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008; Surveillance Snapshot: Deaths among active component service members, 1990-2008; Ambulatory visits among members of active components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008; Absolute and relative morbidity burdens attributable to various illnesses and injuries, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008; Reportable medical events, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2008. SUMMARY TABLES AND FIGURES: Deployment health assessments update; Acute respiratory disease, basic training ... |
|
| Counterinsurgency Lessons from Iraq (Military Review, March-April 2009) |
Apr-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bing West; ARMY COMBINED ARMS CENTER FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The military war in Iraq ended in 2008, although political conflict among Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kurds will continue for decades. At the same time, the war in Afghanistan has heated up, with more American troops committed to battle. This article, based on 15 extended trips I made to Iraq and interviews I conducted with 2,000 Soldiers and Marines, reviews the causes of the turnaround in Iraq and their importance for ... |
|
| New Approaches for Prostate Cancer Combination Therapy |
Apr-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Luiz F Zerbini; BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
|
| The mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic actions of NSAIDs remain poorly understood. We started deciphering now the mechanisms by which NSAIDs induce programmed cell death and growth arrest in cancer. In this report we show that induction of the pro-apoptotic cytokine melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) and the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD) 45 alpha and gamma by several NSAIDs is an essential step for G2/M growth ... |
|
| Modeling Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus Spores |
Mar-2009 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Emily A Knight; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research models and analyzes methods to damage Bacillus anthracis spores through heat treatment. AFIT researchers have developed methods to characterize the effects of heating spores to high temperatures and for short durations similar to the thermal pulse of conventional weapon detonation. This research models the current experiment and evaluates the rate of thermal diffusion throughout the spores. A micro-model of the effects of dry and wet heating on a ... |
|
| To Live and Ride in Today's Marine Corps |
20-Feb-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
J A Patacsil; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| Fiscal year 2008 was a dark time for the Marine Corps. Twenty-five motorcycle fatalities occurred that year, which is more than the number of combat deaths in Iraq for the same period. Concerned about these recent statistics, the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) has put an emphasis on motorcycle safety and the continued improvement of the Marine Corps Motorcycle Safety Program. The CMC expressed how leaders and riders must ... |
|
| Focused Impact of II Marine Expeditionary Force Motorcycle Club Program |
20-Feb-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
J B Cook; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| Nationally, the number of motorcyclist fatalities has increased for the 10th consecutive year (1997-2007). While making up only 3 percent of all registered vehicles, motorcyclist fatalities represent over 12% of all motor vehicle traffic fatalities. Marine Corps-wide, motorcyclist deaths have been rising for the 5th consecutive year (FY04-FY08). In FY08, motorcyclists constituted 49% of all motor vehicle traffic deaths in the Marine Corps. Nationally, the mean age of motorcyclists killed ... |
|
| Mechanisms of KAI1/CD82 - Induced Prostate Cancer Metastasis |
Feb-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia Miranti; VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE GRAND RAPIDS MI
|
| Our basic understanding of how prostate cancer metastasis develops is limited. The recent identification of genes, whose expression suppresses metastasis but not growth in xenograft models, has provided a potential avenue for better understanding the metastatic process. The overall objective of this proposal is to determine how loss of the metastasis suppressor, KAI1/CD82, promotes the development of metastatic prostate cancer. Elevated expression of integrins a6b1 and a3b1 is highly correlative ... |
|
| Neurofibromatosis and the Painful Neuroma |
Jan-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Allan J Belzberg; R Meyer; L Chen; B Murrinson; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Pain is a common and distressing symptom that impacts the quality of life of many patients with neurofibromatosis. The pain is often due to the formation of a neuroma. To understand better how neuromas cause pain and what treatments may be provided, we have developed an animal model of a painful neuroma. The tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model has been confirmed as a model of neuropathic pain. The TNT model ... |
|
| In Silico Pharmacophore Model for Tabun-Inhibites Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators: A study of Their Stereoelectronic Properties |
Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Richard K Gordon; Apurba K Bhattacharjee; Kamil Kuca; Kamil Musilek; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) function in the nervous system, causing acute intoxication. If untreated, death can result. Inhibited AChE can be reactivated by oximes, antidotes for OP exposure. However, OP intoxication caused by the nerve agent tabun (GA) is particularly resistant to oximes, which poorly reactivate GA-inhibited AChE. In an attempt to develop a rational strategy for the discovery and design of novel reactivators ... |
|
| Soldiers Under Threat: An Exploration of the Effect of Real Threat on Soldier's Perceptions, Attitudes and Morale |
Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
van den; Cornelis E Berg; MINISTRY OF DEFENCE VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| Wars in the last decade of the 20th century and especially the 'new' wars of the first decade of this century have produced considerable casualties among NATO and UN soldiers. The website iCasualties.org (December 2008) shows that since March 2003, more than 4.500 coalition soldiers have died in Iraq, while over 1000 soldiers have died in Afghanistan since October 2001. Without a doubt, soldiers are aware of the life-threatening circumstances ... |
|
| Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Engage the Cell Death Program Through the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Dec-2008 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J Kridel; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
|
| Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme that synthesizes the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate, in highly expressed in prostate cancer. Because of a corresponding lack of expression in normal prostate, FAS is an attractive drug target. We have described the endoplasmic stress (ER) response as a critical mediator of the anti-tumor effects of FAS inhibitors. In this report we demonstrate the mechanism that drives the synergy between FASN inhibitors and the ... |
|
| Macrolide Antibiotics Improve Phagocytic Capacity and Reduce Inflammation In Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Monocytes |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Radharaman Ray; Prabhati Ray; Xiugong Gao; Yan Xiao; Keiko Ishida; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes apoptosis and death of airway epithelial cells as well as inflammation in the airway. Efficient clearance of the cell debris by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is necessitated to reduce the inflammation. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, and by improving macrophage functions. The present study investigated the effects of four FDA-approved macrolide antibiotics, namely ... |
|
| Promethazine as a Novel Prophylaxis and Treatment for Nerve Agent Poisoning |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R K Kan; C P Tompkins; D M Kniffin; T A Hamilton; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY BRANCH
|
| The present study evaluated promethazine, an FDA-approved antihistamine, for treating the toxic effects of soman (GD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 240-300 g, were pretreated 30 minutes prior to or treated less than or equal 1 minute after GD administration (180 mg/kg, sc) with promethazine alone (40 mg/kg, ip) or in combination with oxime reactivator HI-6 (125 mg/kg, ip) and atropine methylnitrate (AMN; 2.0 mg/kg, im). The incidence of convulsions, percentage ... |
|
| Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Traumatic Brain Injury by Proteomic Analysis of Response to Injury in APOE3 and APOE4 Transgenic Mice |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Marcia Wood; James A Haley; Fiona Crawford; Michael Mullan; Allen Roses; Venkatarajan Mathura; Scott Ferguson; Gogce Kayihan; Jon Reed; Benoit Mouzon; R David Thomas; ROSKAMP INST SARASOTA FL
|
| Brain injury due to trauma (traumatic brain injury or TBI) is a significant cause of mortality and both acute and chronic morbidity, particularly in military personnel. Two over-arching issues must be addressed before effective pharmacologic treatments can be developed for TBI. Firstly, peripheral biomarkers reflecting the degree and nature of injury need to be elucidated. Secondly, the molecular cascades that lead to neuronal damage and death need to be fully ... |
|
| Deciding Who Lives: Considered Risk Casualty Decisions in Homeland Security |
Dec-2008 |
205 pages |
| Authors:
Robert T Mahoney; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Homeland security was changed by the events of September 11, 2001, including how we make life and death decisions. Terrorism, all hazards, and public health issues increase the number of decisions involving the expenditure of civilian lives. These Considered Risk Casualties are akin to the military concept of acceptable losses. Homeland security professionals have little or no experience, let alone guidance, in decision making under circumstances that bring this condition ... |
|
| Evaluation of a Culturally Targeted, Personalized Mail-Home Brochure Directed to Partners of at-Risk Men to Facilitate Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment |
Nov-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Suzanne M Miller; FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Like other cancers, prostate cancer exists in both sporadic and hereditary forms. A family history of prostate cancer and African-American ethnicity are two key factors that have been found to place men at increased risk for developing the disease. However, at-risk men exhibit low levels of prostate cancer risk-related knowledge, despite their increased risk as a group. Prostate ... |
|
| Iraq: U.S. Casualties |
31-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Susan G Chesser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The following casualty data was compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agency's press releases. Table 1 provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, and is ongoing, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003. Statistics may be revised as circumstances are investigated ... |
|
| The Impact of Diabetes Treatment on Survival in a Breast Cancer/Diabetes Model |
09-Oct-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Sai-Ching J Yeung; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Epidemiological studies have identified that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a significant risk factor for carcinogenesis and cancer death. A few recent studies have also shown that different antidiabetic treatments have different impact on cancer. This proposal is to address the impact of antidiabetic treatments on the survival of breast cancer. We participated in the Era of Hope meeting in Chicago and presented our cell culture data in a ... |
|
| Evaluating the Role of Genetic Markers in Prostate Cancer Progression: A Multiethnic Cohort Experience |
Oct-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Sara S Strom; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Most prostate cancer (PCa) research has focused on risk, little is known about predictors of progression and even less about how these factors differ by ethnicity/race. Strong racial disparities in mortality have shown that African-Americans are twice as likely to die from PCa compared to Caucasians; very little data are available in Hispanics. Our overall goal is to identify markers related to PCa progression in a multiethnic cohort of 773 ... |
|
| A Novel Approach to Managing Invasive Termite Species Using Genetically Engineered Bacteria |
Aug-2008 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia Husseneder; Rachael E Collier; Jennifer R Delatte; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE AGRICULTURAL CENTER
|
| The hind gut of the Fonnosan subterranean tennite (FST) is a refuge for an array of protozoa and bacteria that fulfill important functions in the survival of their hosts. Due to their importance for FST survival these symbionts are excellent tools or targets for the control of FST. Lytic peptides were tested as protozoicides. Lytic peptides were shown to kill the tennite symbiotic protozoa and this defaunation was associated with ... |
|
| Insurgency Organization Case Study: Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb, 2006-Present |
Aug-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jesse Colvin; UNIV OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE FORT HUACHUCA AZ
|
| This paper is a study of the insurgent organization al-Qaeda in the Maghreb (AQIM), an al-Qaeda-affiliated group based in Algeria. The man who said We are not insane to target our Muslim brothers, Abdelmalek Droukdal, is a leader of AQIM. Droukdal was responding to a New York Times reporter's question regarding his attitude towards civilians, who are often killed or injured in AQIM's attacks. The reporter's question specifically referred to ... |
|
| The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy |
31-Jul-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United Arab Emirates' open economy and society have won praise, but lax enforcement of some laws is causing U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology to Iran; terrorist transiting; and human trafficking, particularly in the emirate of Dubai. The UAE undertook its first major electoral process in December 2006, although with a small, hand-picked electorate and for a body with limited powers. This report will be updated. . |
|
| Causes of Nonbattle Injury Fatalities Among U.S. Army Soldiers During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2001-2006 |
28-Jul-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce H Jones; Keith G Hauret; Nakia S Clemmons; Bonnie J Taylor; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| As with previous military conflicts, nonbattle injuries (NBIs) are a major cause of mortality in Operations Enduring (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF). The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to 1) describe the incidence and rate of fatal NBls in OEF and OIF from their beginning through December 2006, 2) describe the causes and circumstances of fatal NBls, and 3) compare two Army data systems that report fatal NBI incidents. ... |
|
| Veterans Benefits: An Overview |
25 JUN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Carol D. Davis; Sidath V. Panangala; Christine Scott; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers a wide range of benefits and services to eligible veterans, members of their families, and survivors of deceased veterans. VA programs include disability compensation and pensions, readjustment benefits, and health care programs. The VA also provides life insurance, burial benefits, housing and other loan guaranty programs, and special counseling and outreach programs. While eligibility for specific benefits varies, veterans generally must meet requirements ... |
|
| Earthquakes: Risk, Monitoring, Notification, and Research |
19-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Folger; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Close to 75 million people in 39 states face some risk from earthquakes. Seismic hazards are greatest in the western United States, particularly California, Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Hawaii. The Rocky Mountain region, a portion of the central United States known as the New Madrid Seismic Zone, and portions of the eastern seaboard, particularly South Carolina, also have a relatively high earthquake hazard. Compared to the loss of life in ... |
|
| Targeting Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription-3 (Stat3) As a Novel Strategy In Sensitizing Breast Cancer To Egfr-Targeted Therapy |
01-Jun-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Hui-Wen Lo; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| We have performed proposed studies to test the hypothesis that deregulated EGFR and STAT3 pathways synergistically contribute to the malignant biology of breast cancer and that combined uses of anti-EGFR and anti-STAT3 treatments result in significantly increased breast cancer cell death compared to single agent treatments. Analysis of a panel of human breast cancer cell lines and primary breast carcinoma specimens revealed that EGFR and constitutively activated STAT3 (p-STAT3) are ... |
|
| Targeting Sirna Missiles to Her2+ Breast Cancer |
01-Jun-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Lali K Medina-Kauwe; CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER LOS ANGELES CA
|
| The most significant findings here are that HerPBK10-siRNA complexes retain stability in whole serum and evade serum nuclease mediated degradation of the siRNA, thus providing an encouraging prediction that the complex will be stable in vivo. We also show that HerPBK10- siRNA complexes induce targeted cell death to HER2+ but not HER2- cells in culture, suggesting that in vivo tumor targeting and cell death, as anticipated in the third year ... |
|
| Iraqi Civilian Casualties Estimates |
16-May-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Hannah Fischer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This report presents various governmental and nongovernmental estimates of Iraqi civilian dead and wounded. The Department of Defense (DOD) regularly updates total U.S. military death and wounded statistics from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), as reflected in CRS Report RS21578, Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties. However, no Iraqi or U.S. government office regularly releases publically available statistics on Iraqi civilian deaths or civilians who have been wounded. Statistics on Iraqi civilian ... |
|
| Molecular Solutions to Low Injuries Resulting from Battlefield Injuries. Addendum |
01-May-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Darlene A Dartt; SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INST BOSTON MA
|
| We hypothesize that targeted molecular intervention can preserve vision threatened by battlefield trauma-induced corneal and retinal inflammation, corneal and retina/optic nerve apoptosis, ocular surface dry eye after refractive surgery, and retinal degeneration. We are studying the consequences of trauma-induced (1) corneal inflammation using a gene therapy approach of providing soluble Fas ligand to the cornea to determine if this ligand can suppress corneal inflammation in mice; (2) retinal inflammation by ... |
|
| Modulators of Response to Tumor Necrosis-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Therapy in Ovarian Cancer |
30-Apr-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Kian Behbakht; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in the developed world. Most ovarian cancers are diagnosed late and current treatment results only in a 20% 5-year survival in advanced disease. More effective therapies are urgently needed. One of the most promising therapies in development for ovarian cancer is the use of either the Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) or agonistic antibodies that activate the ... |
|
| BATTLE: Biomarker-Based Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination |
01-Apr-2008 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Roy Herbst; Li Mao; Edward Kim; Waun Ki Hong; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the United States. Chemotherapy has reached its limit in improving the survival of lung cancer patients. Therefore, a different strategy must be waged in the battle against lung cancer. Targeted therapy, a newly emerged therapeutic approach in lung cancer, has succeeded in some cancer types and demonstrated its initial success in the treatment of lung ... |
|
| A Nation at War: Combat Casualties and Public Support |
19 MAR 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy F. Bishop; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The will of the American people throughout history to sustain support for the nation's leaders and their endeavors to further U.S. interests through military means has ebbed and flowed to both extremes. September 11, 2001, left the world in shock as it helplessly observed the events of that historical day take the hearts and minds of the American people to a height of patriotism never before seen in this country. ... |
|
| Functional CD8+ T Cell Responses in Lethal Ebola Virus Infection |
15 MAR 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Steven B. Bradfute; Kelly L. Warfield; Sina Bavari; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever that leads to death in up to 90% of infected humans. EBOV infection induces massive lymphocyte apoptosis, which is thought to prevent a functional adaptive immune response. In addition, in vitro studies show that EBOV induces aberrant responses in dendritic cells, which is thought to contribute to a failed adaptive immune response. In this study we show that in a lethal mouse model ... |
|
| The Role of Tumor Metastases Suppressor Gene, Drg-1, in Breast Cancer |
01-Mar-2008 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Kounosuke Watabe; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SPRINGFIELD
|
| Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the US. Because metastatic disease is the major cause of death it is crucial to understand the mechanism by which tumor cells metastasize to the distant organs so that we can identify a better therapeutic target. During this funding period we had a breakthrough finding that the metastasis suppressor gene NDRG1 ... |
|
| Identification of Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis Using Tissue Specific Virus Delivery |
01-Mar-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Martin Jechlinger; SLOAN-KETTERING INST FOR CANCER RESEARCH NEW YORK
|
| In the first year of support we established protocols for efficient in vitro cultivation and infection of mammary gland derived normal, hyperplastic and tumorigenic cells. For the second year we reported the analyses of mammary tumor cells when infected with candidate genes that are likely to promote invasion. We established a three dimensional basement membrane based cell culture system for primary mouse mammary cells that will allow us to examine ... |
|
| Characterization of a SUMO Ligase that is Essential for DNA Damage-Induced NF-Kappa B Activation |
Mar-2008 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Shigeki Miyamoto; Angela M Mabb; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| It has been recently proposed that inhibition of NF-?B may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of ER- breast cancers. As of now, the majority of NF-?B inhibitors focus on the key signal integrating complex known as the I?B kinase (IKK) complex. Since NF-?B plays a major role in many essential physiological processes in the cell, global inhibition of NF-?B at the central IKK complex could allow for increased ... |
|
| Projecting Pyongyang: The Future of North Korea's Kim Jong IL Regime |
MAR 2008 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Scobell; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This monograph considers the future trajectory of the Pyongyang regime and explores a range of future scenarios. It does not consider the future of North Korea as a geographic or territorial entity. Some analysts and observers discuss the future without clarifying whether they are discussing the country of North Korea or the Pyongyang regime. In this monograph, the focus is on the fate of the regime dominated by the Kim ... |
|
| Iraqi Police and Security Forces Deaths Estimates |
29 FEB 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Hannah Fischer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This report presents various governmental and non-governmental estimates of Iraqi police and security forces fatalities. The Department of Defense (DOD) regularly updates total U.S. military deaths and wounded statistics from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), as reflected in CRS Report RS21578, Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties, but has not regularly released detailed statistics on Iraqi security forces deaths. For information on Iraqi civilian deaths, see CRS Report RS22537, Iraqi Civilian Deaths ... |
|
| Cannabinoid Receptors: A Novel Target for Therapy for Prostate Cancer |
01-Feb-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Hasan Mukhtar; Farrukh Afaq; Sami Sarfaraz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| We have shown that the expression levels of both cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are higher in human prostate cancer cells than in normal prostate epithelial cells and treatment of LNCaP cells with WIN-55,212-2 (WIN) resulted in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Next study was conducted to understand the mechanistic basis of these effects. Treatment of LNCaP cells with WIN resulted in i) an arrest of the ... |
|
| A Lessons-Learned Legacy |
01-Feb-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Howard R Champion; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| The combat casualties of war have always provided society with substantial advances in knowledge and care of injury. The casualties of Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF) are no exception. A serious sampling of the lessons learned from caring for these wounded soldiers and Marines and subsequent research initiatives are published in this Supplement to the Journal of Trauma as a result of the endeavors of the young ... |
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| The Effect of Recombinant Activated Factor VII on Mortality in Combat-Related Casualties With Severe Trauma and Massive Transfusion |
FEB 2008 |
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| Authors:
Philip C. Spinella; Jeremy G. Perkins; Daniel F. McLaughlin; Sarah E. Niles; Kurt W. Grathwohl; Alec C. Beekley; Jose Salinas; Sumeru Mehta; Charles E. Wade; John B. Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
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| Background: The majority of patients with potentially survivable combat-related injuries die from hemorrhage. Our objective was to determine whether the use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) decreased mortality in combat casualties with severe trauma who received massive transfusions and if its use was associated with increased severe thrombotic events. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a database of combat casualty patients with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score [ISS] >15) and massive ... |
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