| Marine Aerosols: Hygroscopocity and Aerosol-Cloud Relationships |
30 Sep 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
John H Seinfield; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
 | The objective of the project is to improve our understanding of the role of aerosols in the Marine Boundary Layer and our ability to simulate marine stratocumulus clouds as a function of aerosol properties and the large-scale meteorology. |
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| An Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Modeling Atmospheric Convection (Preprint) |
13 APR 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Andreas Mueller; Joern Behrens; Francis X. Giraldo; Volkmar Wirth; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS
|
| Theoretical understanding and numerical modeling of atmospheric moist convection still pose great challenges to meteorological research. A Direct Numerical Simulation of a single cumulus cloud is beyond the capacity of today?s computing power. The use of a Large Eddy Simulation in combination with semi-implicit time-integration and adaptive techniques offers a significant reduction of complexity. This paper presents a first step towards an efficient simulation of a single cloud. So far ... |
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| Parameterization of Integrated Aerosol Effects in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds |
30 SEP 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Yefim L. Kogan; COOPERATIVE INST FOR MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES NORMAN OK
|
| The development and improvement of cloud microphysical parameterizations for use in cloud and numerical weather prediction models. |
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| Analysis of Cloud-Free Line-of-Sight Probability Calculations |
MAR 2001 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Golemboski III; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Cloud-free line-of-sight probabilities were calculated using two separate methods. The first was a variation of a method developed by the Rand Corporation in 1972. In it, CFLOS probabilities were calculated using empirical data based on five years of photograms taken over Columbia, Missouri and forecasted cloud amounts rather than climatological values. The second was a new approach using the Cloud Scene Simulation Model developed by Phillips Laboratory. Cloud scenes were ... |
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| Estimation of Stratocumulus-Topped Boundary Layer Depth Using Sea Surface and Remotely Sensed Cloud-Top Temperatures |
JUN 2000 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Marvin B. McBride III; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The depth of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is an important parameter for both scientific and operational meteorological applications. The depth of the marine boundary layer has a significant influence on the atmospheric dynamics in the coastal zone. Knowledge of the depth of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers (STELs) will enable coastal operations to more accurately anticipate weather, and electromagnetic propagation conditions. This study develops a ... |
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| Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and the Development of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer |
31 MAY 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David P. Rogers; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| The goal of this research was to provide an understanding of the processes that control the structure of the marine atmosphere and its interaction with the ocean. In particular, we focused on understanding the processes that control the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and the atmosphere and understanding the physical processes that control the formation, development and decay of stratocumulus clouds ... |
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| Descriptive and Conditional Climatology for Specific Launch Commit Criteria for Cape Canaveral, Florida |
MAR 2000 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Edward C. Goetz; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| In 1987, an unmanned Atlas-Centaur-67 launched from the Cape triggered a lightning discharge that disabled the on-board guidance system and Range Control destroyed the platform. This incident spurred the review and revision of the natural and triggered lightning launch commit criteria (LCC). The LCC are a set of eleven complex rules that are constantly evaluated by the Launch Weather Team (LWT) of 45th Weather Squadron ... |
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| Determining Entrainment Rate and the Role of Entrainment in Stratocumulus Clouds |
JUN 1999 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
David W. McDowell; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| An important process in predicting the evolution of the boundary layer is the entrainment rate, which has received little verification using observed data. The entrainment rate is therefore computed using aircraft measurements obtained off the coast of California during FIRE in 1987. The entrainment zone is defined and determined to be typically less than 10 meters deep. The structure above the boundary layer is found very complex and consists of ... |
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| Effects of Cumulus Convection on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones |
30 SEP 1998 |
|
| Authors:
M. K. Yau; R. R. Rogers; MCGILL UNIV MONTREAL (CANADA)
|
 | To explain the inter actions between convective processes and larger scale marine weather systems, to increase our understanding of the processes affecting the size distribution of cloud droplets in maritime clouds, and to study atmospheric processes through application of new methods of remote sensing. To investigate the effects of convection and cloud microphysics on rapidly intensifying oceanic cyclones. To determine how mixing affects cloud dropsize distribution in the presence of ... |
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| Development and Testing of Physical Algorithms for Cloud Forecasting on the Mesoscale |
18 MAR 98 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Cotton; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
|
| This research has focused on the development of a comprehensive mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) system for forecasting clouds anywhere in the world. The host model for performing this research, RAMS, has been extended to a global, interactive nested grid forecast model that is capable of running on both shared-memory and distributive memory computers. This unique NWP model is capable of being initialized globally and then ... |
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| Ship Operating Characterics and Their Implications for Shiptrack Formation |
MAR 1998 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Scott D. Katz; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Shiptrack occurrence is restricted to a narrow range of environmental conditions and ship operating characteristics. Under environmental conditions favorable for shiptrack formation, not all vessels produce a track. Shiptrack producing diesel vessels are distinguished from non-shiptrack producing diesel vessels by a 17.7 percent higher rate of fuel use, 8.8 percent larger power plant size, and one knot higher transit speed. T-tests comparing these two populations indicate that power/transit speed, power*fuel/speed, ... |
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| Midlatitude Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Feedbacks Mechanisms in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds |
Jan 1998 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Yefim L Kogan; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN
|
| The development and improvement of cloud microphysical and radiative parameterizations for use in mesoscale models. Investigation of marine stratocumulus clouds microphysics and radiative processes using the CIMMS LES model with explicit microphysics and radiation. The data from FIRE II/ASTEX and MAST field experiments will be used to validate the model and to improve our understanding of the interactions between the microphysical, radiative, and thermodynamical processes. |
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| Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and the Development of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer |
07 OCT 97 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David P. Rogers; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| The goal of this research was to provide an understanding of the processes that control the structure of the marine atmosphere and its interaction with the ocean. In particular, we focussed on understanding the processes that control the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and the atmosphere and understanding the physical processes that control the formation, development and decay of stratocumulus clouds in the marine boundary layer. These ... |
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| Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Deep Convection Examined Using High Space and Time Resolution Satellite Data |
11 JUL 97 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy J. Hall; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) satellite data was used to examine the diurnal cycle of deep convection over a sector of the tropical west Pacific warm pool. Data were analyzed for 45 days of summer and for 65 days of winter. The synoptic backdrop was characterized by the monsoon trough. Convection was largely focused along the trough. December 1994 was characterized by an active phase of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) ... |
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| A Study of South Asian Monsoon Convection and Tropical Upper Easterly Jet During Northern Summer 1991 |
DEC 96 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S. Nicklin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This work studies the 1991 northern summer monsoon over India and surrounding areas using Japanese (GMS) and Indian (INSAT) geostationary satellite data, the ECMWF objective re-analysis, and the NMC sea surface temperature analysis. Monthly and weekly mean fields are first used to examine the development of the monsoon over the entire domain and to identify the timing of the onset over India. Latent heat fluxes are shown to be important ... |
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| Refinements in Cloud Microphysics and 4DDA in Support of Numerical Cloud Prediction |
26 JUL 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Cotton; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
|
| This AASERT grant supported two students, Michael Meyers for three years and Scot C. Randell Rafkin, for the last six months. Most of the research has been conducted by Mike Meyers developing the new microphysical scheme which was implemented into RAMS. This new scheme allows prediction on both the concentration and mixing ratio of the distribution function for each hydrometeor category making the determination of each hydrometeor size spectra less ... |
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| Lagrangian Stochastic Modeling of Dispersion in the Planetary Boundary Layer |
04 APR 95 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey C. Weil; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
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| An existing Lagrangian stochastic model for dispersion in the convective boundary layer (CBL) was extended in two main ways. First, a model for the mean field dispersion in a rapidly-evolving CBL was developed and calculations of the crosswind-integrated concentration (CWIC) were carried out for a range of conditions. Second, a Lagrangian model for the CWIC and the mean and root-mean-square concentrations was developed that uses the velocity fields from large-eddy ... |
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| Clouds-Their Prediction and Simulation |
24 FEB 95 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W. R. Cotton; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
|
| Physically-based cloud forecasting algorithms have been developed in support of the long range goal of developing a comprehensive mesoscale numerical prediction cloud forecast system. Algorithms for forecasting cirrus clouds include development of both heterogeneous and homogeneous ice nucleation schemes, a double-moment ice crystal distribution parameterization, liquid and ice saturation calculations at very cold temperatures, and of radiative properties of cirrus. The impact of these algorithms on mesoscale prediction of cirrus ... |
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| The Numerical Simulation of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds |
31 AUG 94 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Harold D. Orville; SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY RAPID CITY
|
| The primary objectives of the research are to numerically simulate stratus, stratocumulus, and cumulus clouds in the marine boundary layer. This includes the formation, evolution, and dissolution of the clouds and the area covered, then the change from one type of cloud to another would be investigated. Also the change from open cell to closed cell type convection and the formation of cloud streets could investigated |
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| Recurvature Dynamics of a Typhoon |
31 DEC 93 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
T. N. Krishnamurti; FLORIDA STATE UNIV TALLAHASSEE DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This paper deals with high resolution numerical weather prediction experiments for the recent Bangladesh Tropical Cyclone (April 1991). This devastating storm resulted in well over 100,000 deaths. The results from global model experiments carried out at a horizontal resolution of 213 waves (triangular truncation) and from a regional model at a horizontal resolution of 46 km are presented. Recent improvements in the model's parameterization of cumulus convection, land surface parameterization ... |
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| The Influence of Cumulus Parameterization on Model Forecasts of Rapid Oceanic Cyclogenesis |
DEC 93 |
242 pages |
| Authors:
James W. Allen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Numerous studies have left little doubt that latent heat release (LHR) can significantly influence many features of extratropical cyclone systems. Recent experiments with the NCAR/PSU mesoscale model indicated that not only did different moisture parameterizations significantly affect model forecasts, but that forecasts for different cyclonic systems responded very differently to the parameterizations. Model output from the NCAR/PSU model is examined for two cyclonic systems, with four different parameterization experiments used ... |
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| The Adjacency Effect of Clouds in LANDSAT MSS Data |
01 JUL 1993 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Robert P. D'Entremont; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The objective of this study is to determine the effect of clouds on clear Landsat pixels that are adjacent to cloudy pixels. A partly cloudy scene over a well-defined ocean background was analyzed and the effect of clouds on the clear pixels as a function of cloud amount was determined. The amount of scattering that occurs is proportional to the amount of cloud edges in the vicinity, which is proportional ... |
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| A Maritime and Continental Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Study From ASTEX '92 |
DEC 92 |
114 pages |
| Authors:
Karen M. Ruppe; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Variations in marine stratocumulus microphysics during FIRE IFO 1992 are observed and analyzed through the use of NOAA 10/11/12 AVHRR satellite data. Maritime and continental aerosols in clear-air and cloudy regions are characterized by particle size index, optical depth, and low cloud analysis at visible and 3.7 micrometers wavelengths. Use of satellite-detected radiances to resolve aerosol type and distribution prove useful in determining implications of cloud reflectance changes due to ... |
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| The Initiation of Lightning and the Growth of Electric Fields in Thunderstorms |
DEC 92 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
John Latham; UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER INST OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (UNITED KINGDOM) DEP T OF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS
|
| As specified in the original proposal, there exits mounting evidence that the growth of strong electric fields - culminating in lightning - in the great majority of thunderstorms is intimately linked with - and probably contingent upon - the concomitant development of the ice-phase. Thus, significant progress in the elucidation of electrification mechanisms requires an improved understanding of the complex set of processes involved in cloud glaciation. Accordingly, primary emphasis ... |
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| Modeling of Cloud/Radiation Processes for Tropical Anvils |
30 NOV 92 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Q. Fu; K. N. Liou; S. K. Krueger; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND REMOTE SOUNDING STUDIES
|
| Satellite imagery suggests that large portions of the tropics are covered by extensive cirrus cloud systems. Tropical cirrus clouds evolve during the life cycle of the mesoscale convective systems and are modulated by large- scale disturbances. Outflow cirrus clouds from tropical cumulonimbi appear to be maintained in a convectively active state by radiative flux gradients within the clouds, as suggested by Danielson (1982). Extensive anvils are likely to become radiatively ... |
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| Phillips Laboratory Global Spectral Numerical Weather Prediction Model |
11 SEP 92 |
166 pages |
| Authors:
Donald C. Norquist; Chien-Hsiung Yang; Sam Chang; Douglas C. Hahn; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| This report documents the ten-year (1981-91) development of the Phillips Laboratory Global Spectral Model (PL GSM). Beginning with the National Meteorological Center Model of 1980, the hydrodynamics of the model were recoded and new physical parameterizations were developed for radiation, planetary boundary layer, cumulus convection, and gravity wave drag effects on the large- scale forecast fields. A sequence of tests and parameterization refinements were carried out to arrive ultimately at ... |
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| Analysis of Ship Tracks in Cloudiness Transition Regions |
SEP 92 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E. Evans; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The radiative and spatial characteristics of 63 ship tracks are analyzed in cloudiness transition regions using AVHRR satellite data. Channels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are utilized to determine the variations in ship track albedo and-temperature in three distinct cloud environments: stratum, broken stratus and cumulus. Stratus Tracks in a stratus environment are brightest with respect to broken stratus and cumulus tracks. Cumulus tracks have the highest percentage increase ... |
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| Refinement and Testing of the Radiative Transfer Parameterization in the PL Global Spectral Model |
18 JUN 92 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
John L. Schattel; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| As part of a larger initiative to develop a research-grade advanced physics global spectral numerical weather prediction model, an atmospheric radiative transfer parameterization scheme that interacts with model clouds has been developed. It has been incorporated into the Phillips Laboratory (PL) global spectral model along with state-of-the-art schemes to account for boundary layer exchange process, cumulus convections and gravity wave drag. The radiation scheme employs a broadband approach to account ... |
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| Comparing Model-Produced Convective Cloudiness with Observations |
May-1992 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
D C Norquist; C Yang; PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Convective cloudiness generated by a parameterization scheme of a large-scale numerical weather prediction model was compared with analyses of clouds observed by geosynchronous satellites. The comparisons were performed over an equatorial Pacific Ocean region and the Amazon basin region for the period January-February 1979. Fractional coverage of predefined areas by clouds with tops in several altitude-temperature categories was averaged in each area for the entire period of record and also ... |
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| Cloud Scene Simulation Modeling the Enhanced Model |
APR 92 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Maureen E. Cianciolo; R. G. Rasmussen; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP READING MA
|
| This report documents the development of the Enhanced Cloud Scene Simulation Model developed by TASC for Phillips Laboratory in support of the Smart Weapons Operability Enhancement (SWOE) Program under the Balanced Technology Initiative. The model simulates multi-dimensional cloud water density fields for input to radiative transfer models and scene generation systems. The enhanced cloud model incorporates additional capabilities and modifications to previous model versions. This document focuses on those new ... |
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| Tests of a Convective Cloud Model with Soundings During the TCM-90 Field Experiment |
MAR 92 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Yin Tzy-Chyang; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A new proposed scheme for representing cumulus convection in a large- scale numerical model has been tested using the dataset collected during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-90) field experiment. This new scheme by K. Emanuel incorporated some modifications, which are based on recent observations of convective clouds, and showed much of the vertical transport of convective clouds was accomplished by subcloud-scale drafts rather than by the clouds themselves. These small-scale ... |
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| CCN Spectra Measurements as an Active Tracer of Stratocumulus Mechanisms |
JAN 92 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James G. Hudson; NEVADA UNIV LAS VEGAS DESERT RESEARCH INST
|
| This manuscript compares and contrasts the measurements about the marine stratus clouds of FIRE with the measurements near the cumulus clouds in HaRP. The Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) measurements in First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) were recently published. An example of the vertical distribution of CCN is given. In both regimes the concentration of CCN was higher above the cloud layers, that is above the marine inversion. In Hawaii there ... |
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| Nonlinear Influence of Mesoscale Landuse on Weather and Climate. Revision |
MAY 91 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| This paper demonstrates that the influence on the atmosphere of mesoscale landscape spatial variability must be parameterized (or explicitly modeled) in larger scale atmospheric model simulations including general circulation models. The mesoscale fluxes of heat which result from this variability are shown to be of the same order of magnitude and with a different vertical structure than found for the turbulent fluxes. These conclusions are based on experiments in which ... |
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| The Development of an Improved Convective Initiation Scheme for Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Models. Phase 1 |
29 APR 91 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth T. Waight III; Pamela E. Price; MESOSCALE ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATIONS AND OPERATIONS INC TROY NY
|
| A three-dimensional nonhydrostatic cloud model, the Terminal Area Simulation System (TASS), is used to investigate the convective initiation process for an idealized case over central Florida where the forcing is provided by differential surface heating. The surface heating pattern is generated from high resolution land use data by making simple assumptions relating surface characteristics to particular land use types. The cloud model simulation produces a complicated field of both shallow ... |
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| Evaluation of Generalized Thresholds in an Objective Multispectral Satellite Cloud Analysis |
JUN 90 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. Neu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| An objective algorithm is developed and evaluated for classifying 11 cloud types. The multispectral technique uses daytime images of AVHRR channel 1 (0.68 microns), channel 4 (10.8 microns), and channel 5 (12.0 microns). Visual reflectance is scaled by the solar zenith angle in order to prepare standardized albedos. Infrared brightness temperatures provide cloud height information through comparison with a representative temperature sounding. Channel 4-5 temperature differences (split-window) distinguish between ice ... |
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| An Investigation of the ERICA IOP-2 Cyclone Using the NORAPS Model |
JUN 90 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J. Miller; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Rapid cyclogenesis is studied using the Naval Operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System (NORAPS) numerical model. The cyclone studied occurred during the second Intensive Observation Period (IOP-2) of the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA). Several simulations were run to examine the inability of this and other models to correctly predict development movement, and other characteristics of this cyclone. The experiments consisted of varying the cumulus parameterization and ... |
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| Modeling the Variation of Cloud Cover with View Angle Using Space Shuttle Cloud Imagery |
10 MAY 90 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Snow; GEOPHYSICS LAB (AFSC) HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| This report documents the development of numerous elementary cloud cover models and evaluates the capability of each comparison with actual data. The data are measurements of apparent cloud cover as a function of view angle obtained from space shuttle cloud photographs. Using these data a physically realistic model for cumuliform cloud fields is obtained. The model permits the determination of actual cloud cover from a single-layer totally opaque clouds considered ... |
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| Frontal Clouds and Flight Conditions in Them |
08 SEP 89 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
A. M. Baranov; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Table of Contents: Part 1. Three-Dimensional Structure of Frontal Clouds; Meteorological FLight Conditions in Frontal Clouds. Keywords: Cumulonimbus clouds; Cumulus clouds; Fronts (meteorology), Russian translations. (SDW) |
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| Evolution of Icelandic Central Volcanoes: Evidence from the Austurhorn Plutonic and Vestmannaeyjar Volcanic Complexes |
SEP 89 |
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| Authors:
Tanya H. Furman; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| There are several aspects of Icelandic magmatism which are not predicted from its geographic position along the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Specifically, local occurrences of alkalic lavas and oversaturated silicic magmas are uncommon in a mid-ocean ridge setting. This study uses field, petrologic and geochemical data to understand the petrogenesis of these diverse lava types. Two areas have been investigated: the volcanic Vestmannaeyjar archipelago and the hypabyssal Austurhorn intrusive complex. Vestmannaeyjar is ... |
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| Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics - The Influence of Convection on Large-Scale Circulations - 1988 |
JUL 89 |
|
| Authors:
Glenn R. Flierl; Pamela J. Goulart; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Contents: Review of Dry Convection; Other Buoyant Plumes and Thermals; Global Convection; Moist Thermodynamics; Non Precipitating Cloud; Taxonomy of Precipitating Clouds; The Dynamics of precipitating Convection; Tropical Cyclones: Observations and Energetics; Dynamics of Tropical Cyclones; Oscillations in Convectively Adjusted Flows; Large-Scale Dynamics And Topology Near The Onset Of Convection; Entrainment And Detrainment In Cumulus Clouds; Baroclinic Models And Hurricane Motion; Capillary-Gravity Surface Wave Modes In A Closed Vessel With Edge ... |
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| Thermodynamic Feedback Between Clouds and the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer |
20 MAR 1989 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
P. C. Chu; Jr Garwood Roland W.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| A cloud-ocean planetary boundary layer (OPBL) feedback mechanism is presented and tested in this paper. Water vapor, evaporated from the ocean surface or transported by the large-scale air flow, often forms convective clouds under a conditionally unstable lapse rate. The variable cloud cover and rainfall may base positive and negative feedback with the ocean mixed layer temperature and salinity structure. The coupling of the simplified Kuo's (1965) cumulus cloud model ... |
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| Multispectral Satellite Analysis of Marine Stratocumulus Cloud Microphysics |
MAR 88 |
149 pages |
| Authors:
Gary M. Mineart; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Variations in marine stratocumulus cloud microphysics during FIRE IFO 1987 are observed and analyzed through the use of NOAA-9/10 AVHRR satellite data and aircraft in-cloud measurements. The relationships between channel 3 reflectance and cloud microphysical properties are examined through model reflectances based on Mie theory and the delta-Eddington approximation, and reveal a channel 3 reflectance dependence on cloud droplet size distribution. Satellite observations show significant regions of continental influence over ... |
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| The Effect of Vertical Wind Shear on Tropical Cyclone Movement |
88 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Kim M. Talbert; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| A 3-dimensional primitive equation model based upon Ooyama's 3-layer incompressible fluid model is used to investigate tropical cyclone motion. The governing equations are solved on a doubly periodic midlatitude beta-plane using a spectral method with Fourier basis functions. Numerical f-plane simulations are run which successively include a nearly linear horizontal barotropic basic current, surface drag, and cumulus convection. Simulations are then run, under identical conditions, with increasingly greater magnitudes of ... |
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| Stratocumulus and Cloud-Free Reflectance from Multi-Spectral Satellite Measurements |
DEC 87 |
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| Authors:
Fredrick M. Tettelbach Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| A summary of the multi-spectral radiative characteristics of marine stratocumulus clouds and pre-cloud suspended aerosols was compiled for August 1986 over the offshore regions of the North American west coast. NOAA-9 AVHRR data were utilized at Channel 1 visible (0.63 micrometer), Channel 2 red visible/near infrared (0.90 micrometer), Channel 3 near infrared (3.7 micrometers), and Channel 4 thermal infrared (11.0 micrometers) wavelengths. Stratus cloud pixels and cloud-free area pixels were ... |
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| Cumulus Cloud Dimension Statistics for New Orleans, Essen, and Hannover |
JUN 87 |
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| Authors:
Randell J. Barry; AIR FORCE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CENTER SCOTT AFB IL
|
| Methods used in the study of cloud dimensions have included analyses of aircraft and satellite stereographic photos, use of radar echo data, and numerical simulation of growing clouds. This kind of research is important from a military perspective because of the effects clouds can have on remote sensing devices such as the Infrared Search and Tracking System. USAFETAC developed a new and simple method to quantify selected cumulus cloud dimensions. ... |
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| Clouds Microphysics Analysis and Modeling |
JUL 86 |
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| Authors:
Loren D. Nelson; Keeley R. Hanson; Joshua M. Wurman; Raina J. Eckhardt; OPHIR CORP LAKEWOOD CO
|
| This report documents results of a contract to develop mesoscale cloud models and analyze data in support o such models. Results of the BIGHILL and CCOPE experiment model runds and the trasnfer and implementation of the S4CSU Cloud and Mesoscale Model at AFGL and the AFWL computer systems are documented. Operational instructions for themodel and supporting file transfer and graphical utilities are included. The NCAR graphics software systesm was modified ... |
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| A Detailed Analysis of the Influence of Eddy Exchange Processes upon the Development of Radiation Fog |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
Ronald M. Welch; SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY RAPID CITY INST OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| After decades of theoretical development, fog models have evolved to the point of qualitative agreement with observations. Current models are capable of simulating observed quasi-periodic oscillations in fog variables as well as the various stages of fog growth. It is now anticipated that continued efforts towards greater model sophistication will lead to at least limited quantitative agreement with observations and improved predictive capability. Application of very high resolution Landsat digital ... |
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| Objective Analysis and Prediction Techniques - 1985 |
30 NOV 85 |
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| Authors:
Alan M. Gerlach; SASC TECHNOLOGIES INC LANHAM MD
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| This report summarizes weather research in several technical areas; in numerical weather prediction, use of supplemental moisture information in global optimum interpolation analysis of humidity, development of a relocatable limited area model; in mesoscale forecasting, FOUS guidance error study, forecast guidance displays; in boundary layer meteorology, specialized computer programs for studies of atmospheric refractive index, windflow model, troposcatter raytrace models; in radar meteorology, detection of synoptic scale wind anomalies, gust ... |
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| Satellite Cloud and Precipitation Analysis Using a Minicomputer |
NOV 85 |
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| Authors:
Carlyle H. Wash; Laura A. Spray; Lang C. Chou; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| A satellite-derived cloud and precipitation analysis program has been developed for an interactive mini-computer system. The program utilizes geostationary infrared and visual data with operational upper air and surface temperature analyses to specify cloud-type, cloud amount, cloud-top temperature, cloud-top height and estimated precipitation intensity. Five cases of GOES-East data ( 2 x 2 n mi visual and 2 x 4 n mi infrared) for an approximately 1600 x 1600 n ... |
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| Updating the Smith-Feddes Model |
JUN 85 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
C. W. Rogers; J. T. Hanley; E. J. Mack; ARVIN/CALSPAN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY CENTER BUFFALO NY
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| The Smith-Feddes (S-F) model, which provided cloud and precipitation water content and drop-size distribution from 3DNEPH cloud input, was modified to accept cloud information in the RTNEPH format produced at the Air Force Global Weather Center and to incorporate more rigorous specification of microphysics. The computer code for this modified model was installed for operational use at the Navy's Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC). The cloud microphysics of the model, ... |
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