| Privacy: An Overview of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping |
03-Dec-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Charles Doyle; Gina M Stevens; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | This report provides an overview of federal law governing wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping. It also appends citations to state law in the area and contains a bibliography of legal commentary as well as the text of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). It is a federal crime to wiretap or to use a machine to capture the communications of others without court approval, ... |
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| Honduran-U.S. Relations |
23-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Peter J Meyer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 28, 2009, the Honduran military detained President Manuel Zelaya and flew him to exile in Costa Rica, ending 27 years of uninterrupted democratic, constitutional governance. Following the ouster, the Honduran Supreme Court released documents asserting that an arrest warrant had been issued for Zelaya as a result of his noncompliance with previous court orders. Zelaya's forced removal halted the judicial process before a trial could be held, and ... |
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| Effects of Comparison Question Type and Between Test Stimulation on the Validity of Comparison Question Test |
08-Sep-2009 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Charles R Honts; Racheal Reavy; BOISE STATE UNIV ID
|
 | This study examined the validity of two approaches to the comparison question test. Probable-lie and directed-lie comparison questions were evaluated in a mock crime experiment with 250 participants. Review of questions between charts was also manipulated Participants took a DACA style single issue polygraph examination. Resultant polygraph data were evaluated with the Objective Scoring System. Analyses found no evidence for significant differences between the validity of the probable-lie and directed-lie ... |
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| Protecting Small Communities Through Domestic Policing: Adopting an Early Warning System to Recognize Potential Terrorist Activity |
Sep-2009 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Donnie Perry; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Throughout history, the role of law enforcement has never been more demanding than it is today. In the aftermath of 9/11, local law enforcement agencies have recognized the need to develop new capabilities to protect their communities. Due to the evolving nature of terrorism, public safety organizations must modify the way they respond to crime and acts of terrorism. This report seeks to contribute to the debate among law enforcement ... |
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| Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis |
13-Aug-2009 |
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| Authors:
Moshe Schwartz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Department of Defense (DOD) increasingly relies upon contractors to support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, which has resulted in a DOD workforce in those countries comprising approximately an equal number of contractors (200,000) as uniformed personnel (194,000). The critical role contractors play in supporting such military operations and the billions of dollars spent by DOD on these services requires operational forces to effectively manage contractors during contingency operations. Lack ... |
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| Gun Trafficking and the Southwest Border |
29-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Vivian S Chu; William J Krouse; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| According to the Department of Justice, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is the lead federal agency responsible for stopping the illegal flow of firearms, or gun trafficking, from the United States to Mexico. ATF has developed a nationwide strategy to reduce firearms trafficking and violent crime by seeking to prevent convicted felons, drug traffickers, and juvenile gang members from acquiring firearms from gun traffickers. These criminals ... |
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| Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage, FY 2008 |
23-Jul-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL COUNTERINTELLIGENCE EXECUTIVE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The threat to the United States from foreign economic intelligence collection and industrial espionage has continued unabated since the publication of the Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage, 2007. Economic espionage cases went up slightly and nearly every day brought reports -- in the press and in the classified world -- of new cyber attacks against U.S. Government and business entities. Additionally, the increasing use ... |
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| International Criminal Court Cases in Africa: Status and Policy Issues |
14-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Rhoda Margesson; Alexis Arieff; Marjorie A Browne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The International Criminal Court (ICC), established in 2002, has to-date initiated investigations exclusively in Sub-Saharan Africa. The ICC Prosecutor has opened cases against 16 individuals for alleged crimes in northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, and the Darfur region of Sudan. In addition, the Prosecutor is analyzing situations-a preliminary step toward initiating a full investigationin Kenya, Coete d'Ivoire, and Chad, as well as in Colombia, ... |
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| Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections |
06-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Casey L Addis; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 12, 2009, following a heated campaign between reformist candidate Mir Hussein Musavi and incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranians turned out in record numbers to vote in the presidential election. Shortly after the polls closed, the Interior Minister announced that President Ahmadinejad had been reelected by a 62% margin. The announcement was followed by allegations of vote rigging and election fraud and prompted supporters of leading reformist candidate Mir ... |
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| The Militarization of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSL Issue Paper, Volume 6-09, July 2009) |
Jul-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
John A Mowchan; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
|
| Russia has reenergized its efforts to evolve the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) from a largely symbolic political organization to a more cohesive militarized security alliance. At the forefront of these efforts is a Russian-led plan to create a new CSTO Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) and a larger Central Asian Military Group. While both initiatives are still in the initial phase of development, the militarization of the CSTO alliance and ... |
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| And at Home: Homeland Defense Strategy at the Southwest Border |
12-Jun-2009 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan P O'Connor; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The United States must revise its homeland defense strategy for the Southwest border. The nation's security strategy and defense doctrine now recognize a broader range of threats that go beyond national security. However, the strategy and doctrine are confusing. They contain inconsistent threat identification and a corresponding inconsistency of roles and responsibilities against those threats. Both strategy and doctrine are insufficient with respect to the land domain. Worst of all, ... |
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| Aceh Conflict Resolution: Lessons Learned and the Future of Aceh |
Jun-2009 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Joko P Putranto; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Aceh conflict has been one of the longest running in Asia. A memorandum of understanding between the Government of Indonesia (GoI) and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) was finally signed on August 15, 2005, in Helsinki, Finland. The agreement brought an end to the nearly 30 years of bloody armed conflict that claimed 15,000 lives, displaced tens of thousands of people, and impacted the whole country economically as well ... |
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| Disrupting Somali Piracy via Trust and Influence Operations |
Jun-2009 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S Bair; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis analyzes the piracy problem in East Africa, focusing specifically on Somali pirate networks. The thesis begins by providing historical background on the political unrest that occurred in Somalia during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the government collapse that followed, in an attempt to identify the root cause of the piracy problem there. The thesis then examines the make-up, motivation, and structure of Somali pirate networks to ... |
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| Muqtada al-Sadr: How to Demilitarize al-Sadr |
Jun-2009 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Mathew E Hollinger; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Muqtada al-Sadr has been one of the most influential individuals in Iraq since the U.S. invasion in March 2003. His Mahdi Army has actively confronted coalition forces and engaged in ethnic cleansing that has resulted in the displacement of thousands of Iraqis. How can the United States deal with this movement and stabilize Iraq? This thesis looks at the history of the Sadrist movement, explains its popularity, and attempts to ... |
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| Technology Roundtable...Sharing New Ideas |
Jun-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
UNITED STATES EUROPEAN COMMAND APO NEW YORK 09128
|
| How do we address the issues that shape society? These include poverty, infectious diseases, environmental degradation, inter-state war, civil war, genocide, transnational organized crime, political corruption, financial collapse, climate change, and lack of clean water. Is Western technology sustainable in infrastructure-austere areas of Africa? How do we address austere infrastructure? How do we plan for changes in fuel type and availability? How do we best leverage the data explosion from ... |
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| Sudan: The Crisis in Darfur and Status of the North-South Peace Agreement |
12-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Sudan, geographically the largest country in Africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. More than 2 million people have died in Southern Sudan over the past two decades due to war-related causes and famine, and millions have been displaced from their homes. The crisis in Darfur began in February 2003, when two rebel groups emerged to challenge the National Congress Party (NCP) government in Darfur. The ... |
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| Organized Crime in the United States: Trends and Issues for Congress |
16-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kristin M Finklea; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Organized crime threatens multiple facets of the United States, including the economy and national security. In fact, the Organized Crime Council was recently reconvened for the first time in 15 years to address this continued threat. Organized crime has taken on an increasingly transnational nature, and with more open borders and the expansion of the Internet, criminals endanger the United States not only from within the borders, but beyond. Threats ... |
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| Algeria: Current Issues |
16-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Carol Migdalovitz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The situation in Algeria is fluid. Parliament passed a constitutional amendment abolishing term limits, allowing President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to be reelected for a third term in April 2009. The voice of the military, the most significant political force since independence, has been muted. Low voter turnout in the May 2007 parliamentary election may have indicated lack of public faith in the political system, and so the authorities specifically boasted a ... |
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| Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy |
14-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Although a small country, Moldova has been of interest to U.S. policy makers due to its position between NATO and European Union (EU) member Romania and strategic Ukraine. In addition, some experts have expressed concern about alleged Russian efforts to extend its hegemony over Moldova through various methods, including a troop presence, manipulation of Moldova's relationship with its breakaway Transnistria region, and energy supplies and other trading links. Moldova's political ... |
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| Closing the Guantanamo Detection Center: Legal Issues |
14-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Elizabeth B Bazan; R C Mason; Edward C Liu; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which granted the President the authority to use all necessary and appropriate force against those ... [who] planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks against the United States. As part of the subsequent war on terror, many persons captured during military operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere were transferred to the U.S. Naval Station at ... |
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| U.S. Seaport Security: Critical Challenge for Department of Homeland Security |
02-Apr-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Lane; Drefus Sr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| There are an estimated 360 seaports in the U.S. These seaports annually handle roughly 1.5 billion tons of cargo worth over $1 trillion, arriving in at least 11 million containers. These seaports require deep-water access, sufficient land for staging and storage, and unrestricted access to highway, rail, inland waterway, and pipeline networks. The Department of Defense (DoD) maintains only an informal business relationship with U.S. ports. However, it plays a ... |
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| Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations |
26-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mark P Sullivan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| With four successive elected civilian governments, the Central American nation of Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The current President, Martin Torrijos of the center-left Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), was elected in May 2004 and inaugurated to a 5-year term in September 2004. Well into his fifth and final year in office, ... |
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| Reprisal Under International Law: A Defense to Criminal Conduct? |
25-Mar-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Allen; Norman F J III; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
|
| The doctrine of reprisal in the laws of war authorizes execution of an otherwise illegal act under the law of armed conflict if it meets certain conditions, including a prior illegal act by the first party and an effort to redress that wrong short of conflict. The responding illegal act becomes authorized under the law of war if it is proportionate to the original wrong and is done to compel ... |
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| The Confusion of Homeland Security with Homeland Defense |
24-Mar-2009 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry Cusic; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The tenets of official United States counterterrorist policy states the government will make no concessions or deal with terrorists, will bring them to justice for their crimes, will isolate and apply pressure to states that sponsor terrorism, and will bolster the counterterrorist capabilities of countries willing to work with the United States. Although these tenets are sound principles, their application-specifically, overseas and/or beyond the borders of the United States-constitutes homeland ... |
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| The Next Best Alternative to an Ideal Recruit: Attrition Characteristics of Recruits with Waivers and Low Educational Credentials in the U.S. Army |
Mar-2009 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Fatih Sahin; Serhat Ayhan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The supply of high-quality recruits is limited and U.S. military services are facing a diminishing recruiting market. Under these constraints, it is important to identify which groups of recruits are the next best alternatives to an ideal recruit. This research examines the attrition rates of recruits with less-than-ideal qualifications, which include recruits enlisted with waivers, without high school diplomas, or with low Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores in the ... |
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| The Use of State and Local Law Enforcement for Immigration Enforcement under Federal Authority 287(G): A Case Study Analysis |
Mar-2009 |
171 pages |
| Authors:
James S Bloom; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The reality that 12 to 20 million illegal foreign nationals reside in the United States brings with it a number of homeland security questions and concerns. The threat of terrorists taking advantage of the United States' porous borders and lack of immigration law enforcement is highly probable. The United States must develop an effective strategy for dealing with illegal immigration and the homeland security threat that accompanies it. One possible ... |
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| The United States and Mexico: The Neglected Relationship |
23-Feb-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
John Blankenbaker; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Mexico is in a violent struggle for existence. Powerful Mexican drug cartels use narco-terrorism to undermine Mexican efforts to reform governance and reestablish internal security. The violence routinely affects U.S. border cities and threatens to expand to broader U.S. areas. The U.S. and Mexico relationship has significantly improved over the past few years; however, the U.S. still neglects Mexico choosing to put a higher priority on addressing other issues outside ... |
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| Policing and Law Enforcement in COIN -- The Thick Blue Line |
Feb-2009 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D Celeski; JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS UNIV HURLBURT FIELD FL
|
| This work on the role of policing in confronting security threats highlights the need to shift resources and emphasis towards policing, law enforcement, and internal security. Law enforcement and internal security are key pillars in a comprehensive national security strategy and are often underemphasized. As the campaign against terrorist networks shifts out of a combat phase, the competition between governments and terrorist groups for the public's support, a key element ... |
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| U.S. Policy in Ukraine |
Feb-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Justin Richards; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| It is time to review and update the U.S. policy in Ukraine. Ukraine is experiencing a period of major turbulence with the economic situation and the dynamic political realignment. The recent Russian actions in Georgia have highlighted the potentially volatile situation in Crimes and emphasize the need to review U.S. policy now. The revised policy with Ukraine needs to include increased international integration, improved economic ties and a shift away ... |
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| Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues |
15-Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Elizabeth B Bazan; R C Mason; Edward C Liu; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which granted the President the authority to use all necessary and appropriate force against those ... [who] planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks against the United States. As part of the subsequent war on terror, many persons captured during military operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere were transferred to the U.S. Naval Station at ... |
|
| Saving Darfur: Seductive Analogies and the Limits of Airpower Coercion in Sudan |
Jan-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Cullen; DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The humanitarian crisis in Darfur is a tragedy. In 2003 an unexpected rebellion in the remote states of Darfur drove the Sudanese government in Khartoum to initiate a brutal counterinsurgency campaign destroying thousands of villages and killing hundreds of thousands of Darfuris, many of them women and children. In a region of over 6 million people, nearly 2.7 million Darfuris remain internally displaced persons with an additional quarter of a ... |
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| Playing for the Breaks: Insurgent Mistakes |
Jan-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Lincoln B Krause; NATIONAL WAR COLL WASHINGTON DC
|
| Insurgent leaders commit strategic mistakes that can significantly retard their efforts, and if properly leveraged by counterinsurgent forces, may lead to the insurgents' defeat. Despite the pivotal role these mistakes play in the trajectory of internal conflicts, they have been afforded little attention in academic and practitioner literature. This article seeks to fill that void by establishing a typology of insurgent strategic errors, outlining a framework for understanding when certain ... |
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| Security without the United States? Europe's Perception of NATO |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Klaus Naumann; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| For nearly 60 years, Europe has benefited from America's willingness to view European security as part of its own and to extend the umbrella of extended nuclear deterrence over it. During the Cold War, it was the United States above all that prevented war in Europe, in particular in the form of a nuclear first strike, which the Soviet Union had planned. After the end of the Cold War, it ... |
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| Sources of Anti-Americanism in South Korea |
Dec-2008 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Young P Hong; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The goal of this thesis is to identify the causes of increasing anti-Americanism in South Korea. To accomplish this, three areas will be researched. First, the transformation from an authoritarian regime to a democratic government in the 1990s has provided previously unheard of democratic freedom in South Korean society. Second, the perception of inequality in the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) and the civilian crimes committed by U.S. military personnel, ... |
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| 287(g): Cross-Delegating State and Local Law Enforcement Officers with Federal Immigration Authority - Homeland Security Remedy or Rue? |
Dec-2008 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan L Lines; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| As a result of the federal government's shortcomings in thwarting illegal immigration, state and local law enforcement agencies are now largely shouldering the problem of criminal activity associated with illegal immigration. Section 287(g) of the INA allows state and local police to actively participate in immigration enforcement, but has raised concerns about how to balance public safety with concerns of a chilling effect on the immigrant community. This thesis surveyed ... |
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| Targeted Killing: A Legal and Effective Tool for the Commander in the War on Terror |
31-Oct-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen R Steiner; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Al-Qaeda's attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 shattered preexisting notions about terrorism. Historically, the world community has viewed terrorism as a criminal activity to be opposed by law enforcement. Post-9/11, opinion has shifted toward the view that international terrorists are combatants in an ongoing armed conflict between the United States and its allies. This paper asserts that targeted killing of terrorists is a ... |
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| Afghanistan: Moving Beyond Warlordism |
31-Oct-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Wilson A Shoffner; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| For nearly the past three decades, Afghanistan has been in a state of perpetual conflict. One constant throughout this period has been the presence of hundreds of nonstate actors with militias of varying sizes and abilities. These so-called warlords have been in the midst of this conflict and today possess significant influence across the country. Following the defeat of the Taliban in 2002, these armed militias constituted a significant force, ... |
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| Close a Sure Road to Defeat in Afghanistan by Keeping the Lines of Communication Open |
31-Oct-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Scott E Erdelatz; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The President of the United States recently called for a comprehensive review of U.S. strategy in Afghanistan in the wake of increasing violence and a resurgent Taliban. Comments by the current Democratic and Republican Presidential candidates, and other senior leaders, indicate that additional U.S. forces will be sent to Afghanistan in the near future. It is, therefore, more important than ever to ensure that the United States has a reliable ... |
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| Operation Iraqi Freedom: The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal and Its Impact in the War on Terror |
31-Oct-2008 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick M Gibbons; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Did the failure of the U.S. Military in the application of operational art planning and command and control (C2) result in the Abu Ghraib prison scandal? This paper contends that it did and if the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) had designed an effective C2 structure for detainee operations before hostilities in Iraq began, the Abu Ghraib scandal would not have occurred. The dysfunction at Abu Ghraib was initially exposed in ... |
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| Gangs in Central America |
17-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Clare R Seelke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The 110th Congress has maintained a keen interest in the effects of crime and gang violence in Central America and its spillover effects on the United States. Since February 2005, more than 2,000 alleged members of the violent Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) gang have been arrested in cities across the United States. These arrests have raised concerns about the transnational activities of Central American gangs, and governments throughout the region are ... |
|
| South Africa: Current Issues and U.S. Relations |
07-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Lauren Ploch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Over a decade after the South African majority gained its independence from white minority rule under apartheid, the Republic of South Africa is firmly established as a regional superpower and is considered to be one of the United States' two strategic partners on the continent, along with Nigeria. With Africa's largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a government eager to play an active role in the promotion of regional peace ... |
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| Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues |
29-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Moshe Schwartz; Kennon H Nakamura; Jennifer K Elsea; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States is relying heavily on private firms to supply a wide variety of services in Iraq, including security. From publicly available information, this is apparently the first time that the United States has depended so extensively on contractors to provide security in a hostile environment, although it has previously contracted for more limited security services in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and elsewhere. In Iraq, private firms known as Private Security ... |
|
| Brazil-U.S. Relations |
18-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Clare R Seelke; Alessandra Durand; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On January 1, 2007, Luis Inacio "Lula" da Silva, of the leftist Workers' Party (PT), was inaugurated for a second four-year term as President of Brazil. Lula was re-elected in the second round of voting with fairly broad popular support. His immediate tasks were to boost Brazil's lagging economic growth and address the issues of crime, violence, and poverty. Despite President Lula's personal popularity, many predicted that intra-party rivalries within ... |
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| Exploitation of Free Markets and Globalization to Finance Terrorists |
01-Sep-2008 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia P Pena-Guzman; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The international community has taken measures to monitor financial networks through anti-money laundering acts, which since 9/11 have expanded to cover terrorist financing. However, the strides made to date in some parts of the world have been limited and gaps still exist that terrorist organizations can infiltrate to thwart the international community's efforts. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of current international counter-terrorist financing efforts and ... |
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| Indicators and Indices of Conflict and Security: A Review and Classification of Open-Source Data |
Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Nada J Pavlovic; David R Mandel; Lisa C Hoshino; A W Dorn; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), there has been a proliferation of readily accessible open-source databases on conflict and security indicators and indices. The sheer proliferation and diversity of information sources, however, demands an increasing level of knowledge management to maximize the utility of the available information for end users. Part of that function involves discovering what data and information sources currently exist, as well as classifying ... |
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| Merida Initiative: Proposed U.S. Anticrime and Counterdrug Assistance for Mexico and Central America |
03-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Colleen W Cook; Clare R Seelke; Rebecca G Rush; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In October 2007, the United States and Mexico announced the M rida Initiative, a multi-year proposal for $1.4 billion in U.S. assistance to Mexico and Central America aimed at combating drug trafficking, gangs, and organized crime. On May 14, 2008, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs approved a bill, H.R. 6028 (Berman), which would authorize $1.6 billion for the Initiative from FY2008 through FY2010. The Bush Administration requested $500 million ... |
|
| Maritime Security Cooperation in the Strait of Malacca |
01-Jun-2008 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony S Massey; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis examines maritime security cooperation among Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia in the Strait of Malacca. Southeast Asian states have traditionally considered multilateral military cooperation among themselves as taboo because of tensions arising from territorial and other political disputes. However, this thesis demonstrates that their aversion to multilateral forms of military cooperation has decreased in the post-9/11 period. This change can be attributed to the relaxation of historical tensions, the ... |
|
| Lustration: Transitional Justice in Poland and Its Continuous Struggle to Make Means With the Past |
01-Jun-2008 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra K Nielsen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Poland was the first East Central European nation to transfer from totalitarian rule to democracy. Although resistance to the communist regime existed since 1956, it was not until 1980 that this transition began to develop. Negotiations between Poland's communist regime and its opposition allowed for the first free elections in East Central Europe in the summer of 1989 and with in months, regimes throughout the region began to fall. Poland's ... |
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| Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines Security Cooperation in the Celebes Sea |
01-Jun-2008 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Andres H Caceres-Solari; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In this thesis, I explore the challenges to and reasons for the current limited trilateral security cooperation among Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines in the Celebes Sea. The study analyzes historical and current events among these countries and relations between them and extra-regional powers. In particular, it examines their unilateral and bilateral policies, their domestic political constraints, and the status of their respective militaries and domestic law enforcement institutions. These ... |
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| Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns |
22-May-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States, its allies, and local leaders have achieved substantial successes in the Balkans since the mid-1990's. The wars in the region have ended, and all of the countries are undertaking political and economic reforms at home and orienting their foreign policies toward Euro-Atlantic institutions. However, difficult challenges remain, including dealing with the impact of Kosovo's independence; fighting organized crime, corruption, and enforcing the rule of law; bringing war ... |
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