| HQ Air National Guard Bureau Request for Hazardous Materials Waiver per AFMAN 24-204 for the MODS-75 |
28 Nov 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Lurker; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DEPT
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 | Headquarters Air National Guard Bureau Command requested the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine provide modeling data of the maximum oxygen concentration aboard mobility aircraft used by the Air National Guard (C-130, C-5, C-17, KC-10, and KC-135) when transporting a liquid oxygen unit, the Mass Oxygen Distribution System (MODS-75). The AIHA Press mathematical model for estimating occupational exposure to chemicals was used to estimate the maximum oxygen level in ... |
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| Large-Scale Physical Separation of Depleted Uranium from Soil |
Sep 2012 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L Larson; Victor F Medina; John Ballard; Chris Griggs; Michelle Wynter; David Mackie; Ben King; Catherine Nestler; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Dry physical separation processes were tested at large-pilot scale (1,000 kg soil batches) at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) to evaluate this technique for removal of depleted uranium (DU) metal from soil. Two sample locations, the Catch Box and the Buried DU Penetrator Test Site (DU Garden) were evaluated. These locations were chosen since previous small-scale testing confirmed that soils from these sites had varied uranium concentration, degrees of weathering, and ... |
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| Achieving Consistent Multiple Daily Low-Dose Bacillus anthracis Spore Inhalation Exposures in the Rabbit Model |
13 Jun 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Roy E Barnewall; Jason E Comer; Brian D Miller; Bradford W Gutting; Daniel N Wolfe; Alison E Director-Myska; Tonya L Nichols; Sarah C Taft; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN VA
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| Repeated low-level exposures to biological agents could occur before or after the remediation of an environmental release. This is especially true for persistent agents such as B. anthracis spores, the causative agent of anthrax. Studies were conducted to examine aerosol methods needed for consistent daily low aerosol concentrations to deliver a low- dose (less than 106 colony forming units (CFU) of B. anthracis spores) and included a pilot feasibility characterization ... |
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| Old Receptors, New Treatment Strategies for Breast Cancer |
Apr 2012 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Xu; WISCONSIN UNIV MADISON
|
| We have made considerable progress towards each project proposed in the original grant. For Aim 1, we have developed TRFRET assays that can be adapted for high throughput screening to identify chemical activator of CARM1 for breast cancer differentiation therapy. For Aim 2, we have developed isogenic MDA-mb-468 cell line inducibly express either ER or ER . These cell lines have been validated to form xenograft tumors in nude mice. ... |
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| Impact of Trench and Ramp Film Cooling Designs to Reduce Heat Release Effects in a Reacting Flow |
22 Mar 2012 |
149 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R DeLallo; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| Increasing combustor fuel-air ratios are a recent area of concern in gas turbine film cooling due to the potential for heat release on the surface of film-cooled components. This investigation compared four different cooling designs on their heat release potential: namely fanned, normal and radial trenched, and ramped. Measurements of heat flux to the downstream surface, when subjected to a reacting mainstream flow, provide a qualitative comparison between the four ... |
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| An AUV-BAsed Investigation of the Role of Nutrient Variability in the Predictive Modeling of Physical Processes in the Littoral Ocean |
06 Jan 2012 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Kent A Fanning; Jr Masserini Robert T; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SAINT PETERSBURG
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| Progress was made in the design of instruments to perform high-sensitivity measurements of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in the upper ocean and in data analysis from field expeditions with those instruments; The Long-Term Goal is to use tiny nutrient changes as descriptors of geophysical fields in the upper ocean. Expedition data showed the importance of wind. Low wind stress led to large ammonium peaks. As wind stress increased, ammonium peaks ... |
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| Metabolic Activation of Sulfur Mustard Leads to Oxygen Free Radical Formation |
Jan 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
A A Brimfield; S D Soni; K A Trimmer; M A Zottola; R E Sweeney; J S Graham; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| We recently published electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping results that demonstrated the enzymatic reduction of sulfur mustard sulfonium ions to carbon-based free radicals using an in vitro system containing sulfur mustard, cytochrome P450 reductase, NADPH, and the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tertbutylnitrone (4-POBN) in buffer (A.A. Brimfield et al., 2009, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 234:128 134). Carbonbased radicals have been shown to reduce molecular oxygen to form superoxide and, subsequently, peroxyl and ... |
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| A Mass Conservation Algorithm for Adaptive Unrefinement Meshes Used by Finite Element Methods |
Jan 2012 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Hung V Nguyen; Jing-Ru C Cheng; Charlie R Berger; Gaurav Savant; ARMY EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER APG MD
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| The Adaptive Hydraulics (ADH) model is an adaptive finite element method to simulate three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow, unsaturated and saturated groundwater flow, overland flow, and two- or three-dimensional shallow-water flow and transport. In the shallow-water flow and transport, especially involving multispecies transport, the water depth (h), the product of water depth and velocities (uh and vh), as well as water depth and chemical concentration (hc) are dependent variables of fluid-motion simulations ... |
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| Al/CuxO/Cu Memristive Devices: Fabrication, Characterization, and Modeling |
Jan 2012 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan R McDonald; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
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| Memristive devices have become very popular in recent years due to their potential to dramatically alter logic processing in CMOS circuitry. Memristive devices function as electrical potentiometers, allowing for such diverse applications as memory storage, multi-state logic, and reconfigurable logic gates. This research covered the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of Al/CuxO/Cu memristive devices created by depositing Al top electrodes atop a CuxO film grown using plasma oxidation to grow the ... |
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| Corrosion in Fuel/Natural Seawater Environments |
18 Nov 2011 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda J Little; Jason S Lee; Richard I Ray; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Experiments were designed to evaluate corrosion-related consequences of storing/transporting petroleum and alternative fuels in contact with natural seawater. Fuels included petroleum JP-5, camelina derived JP-5, petroleum F-76, algal derived F-76, and mixtures of the petroleum-based and alternative fuels. Corrosion rates were estimated from polarization resistance measurements and corrosion was measured by weight loss. Corrosion attack morphology and corrosion products were analyzed by three-dimensional profilometry, environmental scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive ... |
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| Interpreting and Responding to Intensified Site Characterization Results |
Nov 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Fred Payne; ARCADIS US CHARLOTTE MI
|
| High-resolution site characterization is being applied at an increasing number of sites especially large-plume sites with long-standing chlorinated solvent source zones. This allows us to improve remedy design and operation, but it can also add to the challenge of regulatory closure, particularly in jurisdictions that require all groundwater to reach MCLs including locations where groundwater cannot be extracted at rates that would allow use for water supply. Common patterns are ... |
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| Remediation of Explosives Contaminated Groundwater With Zero-Valent Iron |
Oct 2011 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Tratnyek; Richard Johnson; OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCES UNIV PORTLAND
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| A series of laboratory and field studies was performed to evaluate the in situ degradation of TNT and RDX using permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) made with zero-valent iron (ZVI). The disappearance of both TNT and RDX were shown to be rapid in the laboratory and ex situ field columns. Batch experiments performed with 14C-labelled TNT have showed that the products of reaction with iron metal are partly sequestered on the ... |
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| Kinetics of the Electric Discharge Pumped Oxygen-Iodine Laser |
Sep 2011 |
178 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew A Lange; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| A systematic study of microwave discharges at 2.45 GHz has been performed through the pressure range of sustainable electric discharges in pure oxygen flows of 2 to 10 Torr. A corresponding study of 13.56 MHz has also been performed at pressures of 2, 4, and 7 Torr. Optical emissions from O2(a 1Δ), O2(b 1Σ), and O-atoms have been measured from the center of a μ-wave discharge. Discharge residence times from ... |
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| Predicting Human Subcutaneous Glucose Concentration in Real Time: A Universal Data-Driven Approach |
Sep 2011 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Yinghui Lu; Srinivasan Rajaraman; W K Ward; Robert A Vigersky; Jaques Reifman; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND MATERIEL COMMAND FORT DETRICK MD TELEMEDICINE AND ADVANCED TECH RESEARCH CENTER
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| Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices measure and record a patient?s subcutaneous glucose concentration as frequently as every minute for up to several days. When coupled with data-driven mathematical models CGM data can be used for short-term prediction of glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. In this study, we present a real-time implementation of a previously developed offline data-driven algorithm. The implementation consists of a Kalman filter for real-time filtering of CGM ... |
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| Evaluation of Metals Release from Oxidation of Fly Ash during Dredging of the Emory River, TN |
Aug 2011 |
623 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery A Steevens; Anthony J Bednar; Mark A Chappell; Alan J Kennedy; Jennifer M Seiter; Jacob K Stanley; Daniel E Averett; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report describes a study examining the effects of Kingston Fossil Plant fly ash on geochemistry, water quality, and aquatic biota relevant to the Emory River in Tennessee. It focuses on the processes specific to the changes in the fly ash chemistry and potential releases as a result of a spill that occurred on December 22, 2008 and the subsequent dredging operations to remove the fly ash from the Emory ... |
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| Innovative Strategy for Treatment of Lung Cancer: Inhalatory Codelivery of Anticancer Drugs and siRNA for Suppression of Cellular Resistance |
Jul 2011 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Oleh Taratula; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK NJ
|
| One of the main reasons for the poor survival rates among patients with lung cancer is the limited efficiency of traditional chemotherapy. The conventional treatments use high doses of toxic anticancer drugs which often produce severe adverse side effects on healthy organs 1. Hence, an ideal anticancer therapy would involve the local administration of high drug concentration directly to the target tissue for the maximum treatment effect, limitation of drug ... |
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| Demonstration/Validation of the Snap Sampler Passive Ground Water Sampling Device |
Jun 2011 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Louise Parker; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This report was completed as a partial fulfillment of the obligations established for ESTCP Demonstration project ER-200630. The objectives of this demonstration/validation project were to demonstrate that the Snap Sampler passive groundwater sampling device can provide (1) technically defensible analytical data for a spectrum of analytes that are of concern to the Department of Defense (DoD) and (2) substantial cost savings. |
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| Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in Battery Pouch Cells |
Jun 2011 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jason B Siegel; Xinfan Lin; Anna G Stefanopoulou; David Gorsich; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| This paper shows how the principle of neutron radiography can be used to quantify the critical physical state of lithium concentration across battery electrodes at steady-state conditions (after a long relaxation time or small load) as a first step in this important effort to measure in-situ battery physical states and validate electrochemical battery models. A model of the expected loss in beam intensity after passing through the different layers of ... |
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| Parameterization and Estimation of Surrogate Critical Surface Concentration in Lithium-Ion Batteries (PREPRINT) |
01 MAR 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
C. Speltion; A. G. Stefanopoulou; G. Fiengo; UNIVERSITA DEL SANNIO BENEVENTO (ITALY)
|
| In this paper a surrogate electrochemical lithium-ion battery model, presented and discussed in (Di Domenico et al. - CCA, 2008) and (Di Domenico et al. - JDSMC, 2008), is parameterized and validated through experimental data by a 10 cell 37 V 6.8 Ah liion battery pack. Following past results (Zhang et al., 2000; Smith, 2010), the model is based on an approximate relationship between the electrode-averaged Butler-Volmer current and the ... |
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| Two-Way Coupled Atmospher-Ocean Modeling Of The PhilEx Intensive Observational Periods |
MAR 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Paul W. May; James D. Doyle; Julie D. Pullen; Laura T. David; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA MARINE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| High-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations of the Philippines show the regional and local nature of atmospheric patterns and ocean response during Intensive Observational Period cruises in January-February 2008 (IOP-08) and February-March 2009 (IOP-09) for the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment. Winds were stronger and more variable during IOP-08 because the time period covered was near the peak of the northeast monsoon season. Distinct wind jets between islands and wakes behind islands are ... |
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| Measurement and Modeling of Ecosystem Risk and Recovery for In Situ Treatment of Contaminated Sediments |
FEB 2011 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
Richard G. Luthy; Samuel N. Luoma; Janet K. Thompson; DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING ARLINGTON VA STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
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| The project [ER 1552] addresses strategies to assess the ecological recovery after in-situ sediment treatment by activated carbon (AC) amendment at Hunters Point, San Francisco Bay, California. Rapid assessment tools to measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sediment pore water concentrations were tested to correlate aqueous concentrations of PCBs with reduced bioavailability. Polyethylene sampling devices (PEDs) and a PCB immunoassay technique were compared and the polyethylene results correlated with those obtained using ... |
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| Effects of Non-Equilibrium Plasma Discharge on Counterflow Diffusion Flame Extinction |
Jan 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Wenting Sun; Mruthunjaya Uddi; Timothy Ombrello; Sang H Won; Campbell Carter; Yiguang Ju; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
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| A non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion system was developed by integrating a counterflow burner with a nano-second pulser to study the effects of atomic oxygen production on the extinction limits of methane diffusion flames at low pressure conditions. The production of atomic oxygen from the repetitive nano-second plasma discharge was measured by using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF). The results showed that both the atomic oxygen concentration production and the oxidizer ... |
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| Increasing Regulatory Acceptance of Passive Samplers |
01 Dec 2010 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen J Ells; Robert M Burgess; Karl Gustavson; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Laboratory and limited field testing of several types of passive samplers have shown that these tools can be used to measure pore water concentrations and to better understand contaminant bioavailability and the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants associated with sediment. This talk will briefly describe the types of passive samplers available, their uses, and their advantages and disadvantages. The presentation also discusses current limitations and concerns regarding their reliability and accuracy. ... |
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| Application of Passive Samplers to Monitor Remediation Progress |
30 Nov 2010 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Upal Ghosh; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE
|
| Passive samplers have been used as collection devices for measuring low concentrations of pollutants from air and water phases. Contaminant biouptake in benthic organisms and flux from contaminated sediments are controlled by the freely dissolved porewater chemical concentrations in sediment. The main challenges in measuring porewater concentrations of hydrophobic compounds such as PCBs and PAHs by direct extraction is the very low freely dissolved concentrations of these compounds and interference ... |
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| CERCLA Site Close Out. How Clean is Clean? An EPA Perspective |
Nov 2010 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Herb Levine; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 9 SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| This talk will present a regulatory perspective on site closure and the attainment of cleanup standards. Two major questions arise in evaluating the attainment of a cleanup standard: (1) Is the site really contaminated because a few samples are above the cleanup standard?, and (2) Is the site really clean because the sampling shows that the majority of samples are below the cleanup standard? Statistical methods allow for decision making ... |
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| Metalloproteinase Expression is Associated with Traumatic Wound Failure |
Apr 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Edward R Utz; Eric A Elster; Douglas K Tadaki; Frederick Gage; Philip W Perdue; Jonathan A Forsberg; Alexander Stojadinovic; Jason S Hawksworth; Trevor S Brown; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial in the inflammatory and remodeling phases of wound healing. We previously reported the correla tion between pro-inflammatory cytokines and timing of successful combat-wound closure. We now extend our studies to investigate the correlation between wound-remodeling MMP expression and wound healing. Methods. Thirty-eight wounds in 25 patients with traumatic extremity combat wounds were prospectively studied. Surgical debridement with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device application was repeated every ... |
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| The Importance of Different Frequency Bands in Predicting Subcutaneous Glucose Concentration in Type 1 Diabetic Patients |
Feb 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Yinghui Lu; Andrei V Gribok; W K Ward; Jaques Reifman; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND MATERIEL COMMAND FORT DETRICK MD TELEMEDICINE AND ADVANCED TECH RESEARCH CENTER
|
| We investigated the relative importance and predictive power of different frequency bands of subcutaneous glucose signals for the short-term (0-50 min) forecasting of glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with datadriven autoregressive (AR) models. The study data consisted of minute-by-minute glucose signals collected from nine deidentified patients over a five-day period using continuous glucose monitoring devices. AR models were developed using single and pairwise combinations of frequency bands of ... |
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| Expanded Worldwide Ocean Optics Database |
2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey H. Smart; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| The long-term objective is to provide a comprehensive worldwide optics database that includes data on a broad range of important optical properties, including diffuse attenuation, beam attenuation, and scattering. For the public version of the database, data from ONR-funded bio-optical cruises are given priority for loading into the database, but data from other scientific programs (NASA, NODC, NSF) and from other countries will also be routinely added to the Worldwide ... |
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| Pre-Concentration for Improved Long-Term Monitoring of Contaminants in Groundwater |
JAN 2009 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Brandy J. White; Paul T. Charles; Brian J. Melde; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Materials for the concentration of nitroenergetic targets from groundwater are sought for monitoring and remediation applications. For this work, periodic mesoporous organosilicas incorporating diethylbenzene bridges in their pore walls were applied for the adsorption of nitroenegetic targets from aqueous solution. The materials were synthesized by co-condensing precursors to improve structural characteristics. Molecular imprinting of the pore surfaces was employed through the use of a novel target-like surfactant to further enhance ... |
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| Identification and Development of Biological Markers of Human Exposure to the Insecticide Permethrin |
Apr 2008 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce D Hammock; Shirley J Gee; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Impregnating uniforms with the insecticide permethrin may result in dermal exposure to military personnel. We identified key metabolite(s) from a low dose exposure using accelerator mass spectrometry and developed immunoassays for them for future monitoring. Metabolite stan-dards were synthesized and an HPLC system to separate individual metabolites in urine was developed. Six subjects were exposed dermally for 8h. Blood, saliva and urine samples were taken for 7d. Absorption/elimination rates and ... |
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| Molecular Targeting of the PI3K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development of Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Walker; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| Recently, the PI3K/Akt pathway has been found to be a significant factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer. It is the authors' belief that the PI3K/Akt pathway is the critical pathway that is maintaining survival by blocking apoptosis in the absence of hormonal stimulation. They will use molecular targeting to inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt. Celecoxib is a FDA approved COX-2 inhibitor. What is unique to celecoxib is ... |
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| Controlling Hydrogen Embrittlement in Ultra-High Strength Steels |
JUN 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Scully; Hakan Dogan; Daoming Li; Richard Gangloff; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| A Fe-13Co-11Ni-3Cr- 1Mo-0.2C steel alloy, processed for ultra-high strength and fracture toughness, exhibits three distinct hydrogen trap states in a complex precipitation hardened martensitic microstructure and is susceptible to severe hydrogen embrittlement (HE) at threshold stress intensity levels as low as 20 MPa square root of m. The causes of HE susceptibility include very high crack-tip tensile stresses and a reservoir of diffusible hydrogen that is trapped reversibly with a ... |
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| Biological Fuel Cell Functional as an Active or Reserve Power Source |
JUN 2006 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Walker Charles W.; Alyssa L. Walker; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| A biological fuel cell was constructed in which the metabolism of glucose by yeast provides the electrons. A two-compartment plexiglas fuel cell was constructed with platinum electrodes separated by a proton-conducting membrane. One half of the cell contained yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucose, and an electron mediator, methylene blue. The other half contained an electron acceptor, potassium ferricyanide. Electrons produced during the metabolism of glucose by the yeast were captured by ... |
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| Generation Sampling and Analysis for Low-Level GB (SARIN) Vapor for Inhalation Toxicology Studies |
APR 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Muse William T.; Sandra A. Thomson; Kathy L. Matson; Charles L. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This study tested and optimized various methodologies to generate, sample, and characterize sarin (GB) test atmospheres in an inhalation chamber, particularly at low-vapor levels. A syringe drive/spray atomization system produced GB vapor at lethal concentrations of 1-44 mg/m3. A saturator cell was used to generate GB vapor at sub-lethal concentrations from 1 mg/m down to very low GB levels approaching the TLV-TWA of 0.0001 mg/m3. Both generation techniques demonstrated the ... |
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| Edible Oil Barriers for Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater |
16 FEB 2006 |
196 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Borden; Christie Zawtocki; Tony M. Lieberman; ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA SOLUTIONS RALEIGH NC
|
| This final technical report documents the demonstration of emulsified edible oils for remediation of perchlorate in groundwater. The demonstration was conducted at a confidential site in Maryland with a mixed perchlorate and 1,1,1-TCA groundwater plume. The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the cost and performance of an emulsified oil permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to control the migration of perchlorate plumes at DoD installations. The performance of the ... |
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| Strategies for Mitigation of Hydrogen Environment Assisted Cracking of High Strength Steels |
2006 |
|
| Authors:
John R. Scully; Beth A. Kehler; Yongwon Lee; Richard P. Gangloff; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS HOUSTON TX
|
 | Modem ultra high strength alloy steels (UHSS) have been developed with outstanding combinations of strength and fracture toughness. Such steels are characterized by high purity and nanoscale strengthening clusters/coherent precipitates in a complex precipitation hardened, martensitic microstructure. However, the performance of such steels is degraded dramatically by internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) and hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE). Thus, the development of an UHSS that is immune to hydrogen embrittlement is of ... |
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| Passive Badge Assessment for Long-term, Low-level Air Monitoring on Submarines: Chamber Validation |
31 OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly P. Williams; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; David A. Kidwell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
|
| Exposure chambers were designed and engineered for validating passive diffusion badges for long-term atmospheric monitoring onboard U.S. Navy nuclear submarines. This a validation study of the reproducibility among five identical chambers. Long-term sampling was evaluated for a 21-day period by comparing the response of a passive badge to an active tube sampling method while they were simultaneously exposed to homogeneous test vapors. The results provided by the five exposure chambers ... |
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| Passive Badge Assessment for Long-term, Low-level Air Monitoring on Submarines: Monoethanolamine Badge Validation |
31 OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly P. Williams; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; David A. Kidwell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
|
| Passive diffusion badges are being tested as a long-term, low-level method of analyte-specific air analysis onboard U.S. Navy (USN) nuclear submarines. Passive badge monitors for monoethanolamine (MEA) detection were tested. Long-term sampling efficiency was evaluated for a 28-day period by comparing the response of the passive badge to an active tube sampling method. Simultaneous exposure of badges and tubes at concentration levels 100% and 20% of the USN 90-day submarine-specific ... |
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| Passive Badge Assessment for Long-term, Low-level Air Monitoring on Submarines: Nitrogen Dioxide Badge Validation |
31 OCT 2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly P. Williams; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; David A. Kidwell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
|
| Passive diffusion badges are being tested as a long-term, low-level method of analyte-specific air analysis onboard U.S. Navy (USN) nuclear submarines. Passive badge monitors for nitrogen dioxide detection were tested. Long-term sampling efficiency was evaluated for a 28-day period by comparing the response of the passive badge to an active tube sampling method. Simultaneous exposure of badges and tubes at concentration levels 100% and 50% of the USN 90-day submarine-specific ... |
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| Metabonomics of Pig Blood Plasma Following Whole Body Exposure to Low Levels of Gb Vapor |
01 OCT 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Vicky L. Bevilacqua; Terreiice G. D'Onofrio; K. M. Jakubowski; Stanley W. Hulet; Kelly J. Maguire; Jennifer L. Edwards; James A. Laramee; Mark D. Brickhouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Chemometric approaches have the potential to enhance defense operations against chemical warfare agents (CWAs), for which complex data must be analyzed. Therefore, we have begun an exploration of the use of chemometrics for the correlation of metabolic change with low-level CWA exposure in animal models. In this exploratory study, pigs were exposed to GB (sarin) over a range of concentrations (0.028-0.310 mg/cubic meters) and exposure times (0-180 minutes). Blood (4-8 ... |
|
| A Novel Membrane-Permeable Breast-Targeting Pro-Apoptotic Peptide for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
OCT 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Bin Guo; NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV FARGO
|
| In this project, the authors are trying to create a novel peptide with three properties: capable of membrane permeability, capable of targeting the breast, and capable of inducing apoptosis. The peptide is expected to be able to induce apoptosis specifically in breast cancer cells. It will be tested as a single therapeutic agent as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer. In the first step of ... |
|
| Concurrent MR-NIR Imaging for Breast Cancer Diagnosis |
JUN 2005 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
Birsen Yazici; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY
|
| The primary objective of this research program is to investigate concurrent near infrared (NTR) optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for breast cancer diagnosis. The NIR diffuse optical imaging offers novel criteria for cancer differentiation with the ability to measure (in vivo) oxygenation and vascularization state, the uptake and release of contrast agents and chromophore concentrations with high sensitivity. However, NIR diffuse optical tomography is inherently a low spatial resolution ... |
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| Investigation of Local Hydrogen Uptake in Rescaled Model Occluded Sites Using Crevice Scaling Laws |
APR 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Scully; Michael Switzer; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| The effects of occluded site geometry and applied potential on hydrogen production and uptake in a martensitic stainless steel (Fe-l3Cr-8Ni-2Mo-1Al) were explored. On planar electrode surfaces, the total hydrogen concentration was found to increase exponentially with hydrogen overpotential. The x(exp 2)/gap scaling law, where x is the pit/crevice depth and "gap" is the pit/crevice width, was utilized to rescale model pits from micrometer to millimeter dimensions. Such rescaling enabled local ... |
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| An Innovative Ignition Method Using SWCNTs and a Camera Flash |
FEB 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen A. Danczyk; Bruce Chehroudi; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| This paper describes an ignition method that uses a simple camera flash and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to ignite various fuels. This method has been used to ignite both solid and liquid fuels. The effects of iron (Fe) nanoparticles (embedded in the SWCNTs) concentration on the ignition process have been studied. The application of this nano-technology based ignition method may also be extended to achieve distributed ignition that would allow ... |
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| Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor |
FEB 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Yueqing Gu; TEXAS UNIV AT ARLINGTON
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| Chemotherapeutic drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit a great toxicity; patients have to endure the suffering from frequent injection. Thus, chronic and controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs from biodegradable fibers implanted within the prostate tumor stroma will be a superior treatment modality. Furthermore, non-invasive and real-time monitoring of dynamic response and chronic changes of the tumors to therapeutic interventions will help researchers better understand the therapeutic process, and manipulate and ... |
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| Development and Testing of a Colorimetric 96 Well Plate Assay for the Determination of HD Hydrolysis Rate in Various Formulations |
JAN 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P. Harvey; Joseph J. DeFrank; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| Previous aqueous studies using HD pre-dissolved in isopropanol have shown that the effectiveness of HD enzymatic degradation is a function of the homogeneity of the HD-water system. In this study, a microtiter plate assay was developed for the purpose of screening a series of compounds with the potential to increase the solubility or dispersion of HE) in an aqueous matrix. The assay used meta-cresol purple dye as a pH indicator ... |
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| Cost and Performance Report of Dissolved Hydrogen Analyzer |
JAN 2005 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen A. Lebron; Barbara Sugiyama; Patrick J. Evans; Mary Trute; Roger Olsen; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
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| Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is a cost-effective remediation approach that is applicable to many sites and has been embraced by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). Monitored natural attenuation can be used to mitigate petroleum hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and metal-contaminated sites as an alternative to groundwater pump and treat methods. Determination of MNA's technical applicability for a given site is based on sampling and analysis, data evaluation and modeling, and ... |
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| Using an Array of Ion Mobility Spectrometers in the Field for Real-Time Reporting of Chemical Vapor Concentration Measurements |
17 NOV 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gretchen E. Blethen; Charles S. Harden; Vincent M. McHugh; Donal B. Shoff; Brian S. Ince; Stephen E. Harper; Robert J. Schafer; Paul D. Arnold; Simon W. Pavitt; Martin A. Thomas; William R. Espander; Steven M. Ciborowski; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Field tests were carried out where hundreds of kilograms of chemical agent surrogates were explosively disseminated to gather real time chemical concentration information at specific ground locations downwind from a CW agent attack, to assess behavior of plumes of tactical quantities of chemical agents, and to assess the use of such information for verification of cloud propagation models. Small IMS detectors were set out in arrays 0.3 to 3 km ... |
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| Large Scale Tests of Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP(Register Trademark)) for Chemical and Biological Weapons Decontamination |
17 NOV 2004 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
George Wagner; Larry Procell; David Sorrick; Brian Maclver; Abe Turetsky; Jerry Pfarr; Diane Dutt; Mark Brickhouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) has been used for more than a decade to sterilize clean rooms and pharmaceutical processing equipment and, more recently, to decontaminate anthraxcontaminated buildings. Recent studies at ECBC have shown that the addition of low-levels of ammonia gas renders VHP reactive towards GD, converting it to pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid. Thus, with suitable activation via ammonia gas, modified vaporous hydrogen peroxide (mVHP) affords the broad-spectrum decontamination of the ... |
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| Denaturation/Renaturation of Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase (OPAA) Using Guanidinium Hydrochloride and Urea |
16 NOV 2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
K. K. Ong; Z. Sun; T. C. Cheng; Y. Wei; J. M. Yuan; R. Yin; ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The understanding of how protein unfolds/refolds is a key to the development of any protein/enzyme based detection system. Using organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) as the model protein, a guanidinium hydrochloride and urea denaturation/renaturation study was conducted and measured both optically and enzymatically. As expected, the highly autofluorescent tryptophan moiety (Ex. 280/Em. 340nm) decreased in intensity and red-shifted as denaturant concentration was increased and vice versa upon renaturation; thereby indicating conformational ... |
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