| Metal Residue Deposition from Military Pyrotechnic Devices and Field Sampling Guidance |
May 2012 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Jay L Clausen; Julie Richardson; Nic Korte; Nancy Perron; Susan Taylor; Anthony Bednar; Andrew Bray; Patricia Tuminello; William Jones; Shawna Tazik; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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 | Pyrotechnic devices used at military installations as part of routine training activities contain metals such as aluminum, antimony, barium, boron, cerium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, strontium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium, and zinc. The US Army's Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP) is responsible for determining whether this use of pyrotechnic devices resulted in an environmental impact because of exceedance of acceptable risk standards. This study examined the metals ... |
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| Flame Structure of Vitiated Fuel-Rich Inverse Diffusion Flames in a Cross-Flow (Postprint) |
Dec 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
David Blunck; Amy Lynch; Joseph Zelina; James R Gord; Stanislav Kostka; Sukesh Roy; Marc Polanka; Scott Stouffer; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| Fuel-rich streaks or dissociated combustion products exiting from gas turbine combustors may react with jets of turbine vane cooling air. These fuel-rich vitiated inverse diffusion flames can potentially cause structural failure of turbine vanes due to the excessive heat fluxes. In this study OH planar laser induced fluorescence measurements are conducted in fuel-rich vitiated flows advecting over a flat plate with a row of cooling holes normal to the surface. ... |
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| Fluidically Augmented Nozzles for Pulse Detonation Engine Applications |
Dec 2011 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Larry R Smith; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) operate in a cyclic manner resulting in large changes in the combustion chamber pressure. The widely varying pressure ratio between the chamber and nozzle exit makes it difficult to efficiently produce thrust since a fixed area ratio exhaust nozzle would operate off design nearly the entire cycle. Therefore, a nozzle with the capability to create the necessary area ratio throughout the cycle is required to produce ... |
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| Characterization and Discrimination of Large Caliber Gun Blast and Flash Signatures |
Oct 2011 |
254 pages |
| Authors:
Bryan J Steward; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Two hundred and one firings of three 152 mm howitzer munitions were observed to characterize firing signatures of a large caliber gun. Muzzle blast expansion was observed with high-speed (1600 Hz) optical imagery. The trajectory of the blast front was well approximated by a modified point-blast model described by constant rate of energy deposition. Visible and near-infrared (450 - 850 nm) spectra of secondary combustion were acquired at 0.75 nm ... |
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| HITRAN/HITEMP Spectral Databases and Uncertainty Propagation by Means of Monte Carlo Simulation with Application to Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Diagnostics |
FEB 2011 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Phillips; David H. Plemmons; Nickolas A. Galyen; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFB TN
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| A merged HITRAN2008/HITEMP2010 spectral database and the distribution of spectral database parameters uncertainty was compiled for the two most prevalent combustion by-product gases, H2O and CO2. A Monte Carlo based uncertainty analysis methodology for application to tunable diode lasers or other high spectral resolution measurements was developed. This technique was applied in a sensitivity analysis of absorption measurements. Seven different representative data reduction methods were applied to four different hypothetical ... |
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| A Fluidic Dump Combustor for Ramjet Engines |
Dec-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
David J Forliti; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO AMHERST RESEARCH FOUNDATION
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| Flame stabilization is the act of maintaining combustion in the presence of a high-speed premixed flow, and continues to be an important process that influences the performance and limitations for propulsion applications. A common approach for current generation flame holders involves the employment of a low-speed recirculation zone where hot combustion products are maintained and act as a continuous ignition source. The recirculation zone is often induced using a wake-generating ... |
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| Progress Toward a Multidimensional Representation of Mortar Interior Ballistics |
Jun-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
John R Schmidt; Michael J Nusca; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| Lumped-parameter interior ballistics (IB) codes have had limited success in simulating the IB of mortars due to the complex nature of the firing event. Only near the end of the firing event does the mortar conform to the conventional ballistics model for which lumped-parameter codes were designed. Modified lumped-parameter models are capable of simulating some key mortar variables. There are significant pressure waves developed in mortars, which are due in ... |
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| Performance and Analysis of Vortex Oxidizer Injection in a Hybrid Rocket |
05 May 2009 |
170 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Jones; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD
|
| A hybrid rocket motor is a type of rocket motor where fuel is placed in a combustion chamber as a solid, and then gaseous or liquid oxidizer is injected. When the two mix and are ignited, the surface of the fuel burns and the gases produced in the combustion develop thrust. Hybrid rocket motor performance is dictated by the rate at which the fuel burns. Fuel burn rate (or regression ... |
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| The Effect of Added AL2O3 on the Propagation Behavior of an Al/CuO Nanoscale Thermite |
2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
J. Y. Malchi; R. A. Yetter; T. J. Foley; S. F. Son; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK
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| Three types of experiments were performed on an Al/CuO nanoscale thermite to understand the effect of adding a diluent (40 nm Al2O3 particles) to the mixture: the constant volume pressure cell, the unconfined burn tray, and the instrumented burn tube. The addition of Al2O3 decreased the pressure output and reaction velocity in all three experiments. Burn tube measurements showed three reaction velocity regimes: constant velocity observed when 0% (633 m/s) ... |
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| Ignition Characteristics for Transient Plasma Ignition of Ethylene/air and JP-10/Air Mixtures in a Pulse Detonation Engine |
DEC 2007 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Hackard Charles N.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
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| The inlet mass flow, fuel injection profile, igniter characteristics, ignition delay, and operational frequency all dictate the success of a Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE). An optical sensor was developed and utilized for the observation of ignition zone characteristics over varying refresh conditions that showed decreasing ignition delay times when approaching marginally fuel-rich reactant mixtures. A wide range of equivalence ratios for ethylene/air mixtures were explored and a limited number of ... |
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| Characterization of Particle Output From a Percussion Primer |
AUG 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Lang-Mann Chang; Anthony W. Williams; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Measurements were made for the percentage of combustion products in condensed phases from a no. 41 percussion primer, and the influence of the condensed phases on the charge ignition in the 5.56-mm ammunition was characterized. The studies were carried out in three phases using three different test fixtures. Results showed 34% of the combustion products in condensed phases, including liquid and solid particles. With the residue remaining in the primer ... |
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| The Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Stress on the Acute Phase Response and in the Chemically Intolerant |
AUG 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Fideler; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
| Exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and other petrochemical combustion products were the exposures reported by the greatest percentage of all Gulf War veterans (GWV). Along with diesel exhaust and other chemical exposures, psychological stress has been implicated in the onset of unexplained symptoms such as chemical sensitivity among GWV. The purpose of the proposed study is to test a model for chemical sensitivity in GWV, in which simultaneous acute exposures ... |
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| The Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Stress on the Acute Phase Response and Symptoms in the Chemically Intolerant |
AUG 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Fiedler; Robert Leumbach; Howard Kipen; Paul Lioy; Jungfeng Zhang; Paul Lehrer; ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL PISCATAWAY NJ
|
| Exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and other petrochemical combustion products were the exposures reported by the greatest percentage of all Gulf War veterans (GWV). Along with diesel exhaust and other chemical exposures psychological stress has been implicated in the onset of unexplained symptoms such as chemical sensitivity among GWV. The purpose of the proposed study is to test a model for chemical sensitivity in GWV in which simultaneous acute exposures ... |
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| Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector |
12 JUL 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Fred A. Ferrante; Felix F. Chen; AEROJET SACRAMENTO CA
|
| A new rocket engine design concept has been proposed that combusts a portion of the propellant flow in the nozzle section. This concept which is called Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) allows for higher thrust at takeoff and a more optimum nozzle design that avoids flow separation at sea level conditions. The TAN injector is a cooled nozzle section downstream of the throat that injects propellants that combust and provides additional ... |
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| THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets |
12 JUL 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin J. Bulman; AEROJET SACRAMENTO CA
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| Rocket-powered launch vehicles require high thrust when taking off and high vacuum specific impulse (Isp) later in the mission. These two requirements are in conflict since a large area ratio nozzle operating at sea-level pressure is less efficient in producing thrust and the jet may separate from the nozzle causing destructive forces. Aerojet's Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) concept overcomes these conventional engine limitations by injecting additional propellants and combusting in ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated KM03 Red Phosphorus Floating Smoke Pot |
MAY 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Emily A. Davis; Mark V. Haley; David A. McCaskey; Robert L. Kristovich; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; Steven D. Turley; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The United States Marine Corps Floating Smoke Pot (FSP) MK 7 MOD 0 Program was established to redesign the previously fielded M4A2 Hexachioroethane (HC) Smoke Pot. Although the HC pots were extremely effective as an obscurant, there were safety concerns from a manufacturing and an operational perspective. Red phosphorous (RP) has been widely used in screening applications and was chosen as a replacement for the smoke payload. The smoke payload ... |
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| The Role of Nitrogen in Gun Tube Wear and Erosion |
MAY 2006 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J. Conroy; Charles S. Leveritt; James K. Hirvonen; John D. Demaree; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has recently made discoveries in the area of interior ballistic propellant combustion product interactions with a gun-tube bore. These discoveries were based on two hypotheses. The first was that the products could and are dynamically nitriding the bore of the gun, thus creating a nitride coating which inhibits the dissociation of CO and subsequently reduces the amount of carbon uptake. The second was that the ... |
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| The Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Stress on the Acute Phase Response and Symptoms in the Chemically Intolerant |
AUG 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Fiedler; Robert Laumbach; Howard Kipen; Paul Lioy; Junfeng Zhang; Paul Lehrer; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OFNEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
| Exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and other petrochemical combustion products were the exposures reported by the greatest percentage of all Gulf War veterans (GWV) . Along with diesel exhaust and other chemical exposures, psychological stress has been implicated in the onset of unexplained symptoms such as chemical sensitivity among GWV. The purpose of the proposed study is to test a model for chemical sensitivity in GWV, in which simultaneous acute ... |
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| DSMC and Navier-Stokes Study of Backflow for Nozzle Plumes Expanding into Vacuum |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
P. V. Vashchenkov; A. N. Kudryavtsev; D. V. Khotyanovsky; M. S. Ivanov; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NOVOSIBIRSK INST OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS
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| An important problem for space vehicles is contamination of the spacecraft surface by combustion products and unburned fuel exhausting from control thruster nozzles. The objective of the present work is a detailed simulation of the backflow in the case of gas exhaustion from the nozzle into vacuum. A specific feature of this problem is the drastic expansion of the initially dense flow at the nozzle exit, which makes necessary simulations ... |
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| Risk Assessment for Acute Exposure to Pyrogen: A Pyrotechnically- Generated Fire Extinguishing Aerosol |
11 JAN 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan W. Kaufman; Edgar Kimmel; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
|
| Pyrotechnically generated fire extinguishing aerosols represent an alternative to halon fire extinguishers in enclosed spaces. This study reviewed existing literature on one specific type (Pyrogen) and assessed the potential health risks associated with a short-term (15 min) exposure to a Pyrogen discharge. A fairly extensive study of vapor phase components by the Russian Academy of Science suggested that concentrations of potentially hazardous gases were generally below levels of concern. However, ... |
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| Introduction to Solid Rocket Propulsion |
JAN 2004 |
|
| Authors:
P. Kuentzmann; OFFICE NATIONAL D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES AEROSPATIALES CHATILLION CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
 | The objective of this paper is to present the fundamentals of solid rocket motor (SRM) propulsion. The following topics are covered: the history of SRMs; the basic components of an SRM; the efficiency of an SRM as defined by specific impulse; the characteristics of SRM operation as established by global conservation laws; transformation of the solid propellant to combustion products, which results in changes in pressure and thrust; aspects of ... |
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| Combustion Instabilities In Solid Propellant Rocket Motors |
JAN 2004 |
179 pages |
| Authors:
F. E. Culick; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| These notes for two lectures are intended to provide the basic ideas for understanding and interpreting coherent oscillations is solid propellant rocket motors. The discussion is concerned mainly with the dynamics of a system consisting of two coupled sub-systems: the chamber containing combustion products; and the combustion processes con ned almost entirely to a thin region adjacent to the surface of burning propellant. Coupling between the sub-systems is always present ... |
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| Initiation and Sensitization of Detonable Hydrocarbon/Air Mixtures for Pulse Detonation Engines |
JAN 2004 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Higgins; MCGILL UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC) DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The initiation of detonation in hydrocarbon fuel-air mixtures and the effect initiation has on performance are two key issues for the assessment and progress of Pulse Detonation Engines. This report presents the results of experimental studies into the initiation of detonation and the impact of initiation on the impulse generated in a single-cycle Pulse Detonation Engine. In order to facilitate the prompt initiation of detonation, a number of chemical sensitizers ... |
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| Unstructured LES of Reacting Multiphase Flows in Realistic Gas Turbine Combustors |
DEC 2003 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Frank Ham; Sourabh Apte; Gianluca Iaccarino; Xiaohua Wu; Marcus Herrmann; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| As part of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) program, an accurate and robust simulation tool is being developed to perform high-fidelity LES studies of multiphase, multiscale turbulent reacting flows in aircraft gas turbine combustor configurations using hybrid unstructured grids. In the combustor, pressurized gas from the upstream compressor is reacted with atomized liquid fuel to produce the combustion products that drive the downstream turbine. The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) ... |
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| Water Recovery from Engine Exhaust |
15 Sep 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
James S Dusenbury; Thomas H Bagwell; Marit Jagtoyen; Geoff Kimber; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| The U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC) and the Defense Advanced Project Agency (DARPA) are partnering to develop fundamentally new water technologies to reduce the logistics footprint and enable the development of a decentralized water support concept. The individual soldier requires 1.5 to 3.5 gallons per day to prevent dehydration. When personal hygiene, meal rehydration, and emergency medical treatment are included the daily planning factor becomes ... |
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| Biological and Health Effects of Exposure to Kerosene-Based Jet Fuels and Performance Additives |
Jan 2003 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn D Ritchie; Kenneth R Still; John Rossi III; Marni Y Bekkedal; Andrew J Bobb; Darryl P Arfsten; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TOXICOLOGY DETACHMENT
|
| Over 2 million military and civilian personnel per year (over 1 million in the United States) are occupationally exposed, respectively, to jet propulsion fuel-8 ( JP-8), JP-8 + 100 or JP-5, or to the civil aviation equivalents Jet A or Jet A-1. Approximately 60 billion gallons of these kerosene- based jet fuels are annually consumed worldwide (26 billion gallons in the United States), including over 5 billion gallons of JP-8 ... |
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| Characteristics and Toxicological Processing of Postmortem Pilot Specimens from Fatal Civil Aviation Accidents |
AUG 2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Arvind K. Chaturvedi; Dudley R. Smith; John W. Soper; Dennis V. Canfield; James E. Whinnery; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
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| Autopsied biological samples from civil aviation accident pilot fatalities are submitted to the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for toxicological evaluation. However, such evaluation is dependent upon types and amounts of submitted samples, and obtaining suitable samples is governed by the nature of an accident. Characteristics of those samples and associated toxicological processing have not been well documented in the literature. Therefore, the CAMI Toxicology Database was searched for these ... |
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| Green Propulsion - A USAF Overview |
AUG 2002 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Tom Hawkins; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE WEST
|
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| Design, Fabrication and Test of a Full Scale Copper Tubular Combustion Chamber |
10 JUL 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Christine Cooley; Steve Fentress; T. Jennings; PRATT AND WHITNEY WEST PALM BEACH FL
|
| This paper presents the design fabrication and test of a full scale copper tubular combustion chamber as an enabling technology for future application in a high thrust upper-stage expander-cycle engine. The advanced expander combustor (AEC) was developed by Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion under contract with the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to support the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) initiative. The AEC copper tubular design ... |
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| Combustion of Nitrogen in Low-Pressure H2+O2 and H2+CO+O2 Flames |
30 NOV 2001 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
P. M. Sheaffer; P. F. Zittel; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA LAB OPERATIONS
|
| Among other tools, the Air Force employs computer models of the chemistry in afterburning rocket plumes to assess the environmental impact of rocket launches on the upper atmosphere and, in particular, the ozone layer. To improve the accuracy of these models, it is necessary to verify the chemical mechanisms and reaction rate constants used in the models. One method by which verification can be achieved is by comparing the results ... |
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| Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Combustion Gases |
OCT 2001 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Louise C. Speitel; DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION WASHINGTONDC
|
| The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has developed a unique extractive Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) system to analyze rapidly changing moist fire gas concentrations as a function of time. The system was designed to eliminate numerous errors generated by state-of-the-art FTIR systems for fire gas analysis. In addition, the path length, cell volume, sample flow rate, and system temperature were optimized to provide a rapid response and a sufficient dynamic range ... |
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| Biological and Health Effects of JP-8 Exposure |
17 SEP 2001 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn D. Ritchie; Marni Y. Bekkedal; Andrew J. Bobb; Kenneth R. Still; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TOXICOLOGY DETACHMENT
|
| This report summarizes available human, animal and in vitro studies investigating biological and health effects from acute or long-term exposure to JP-8, its combustion products, and each of six major chemical constituents of JP-8 with known human toxicity potential. |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated XM30 Main Gun Signature Simulator |
JUL 2001 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
J. Steven Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The purpose of this study was to pyrotechnically disseminate the XM30 simulators in a controlled chamber environment and to maintain a specified concentration range for chemical characterization of the combustion products. Data was needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Characterization was to principally include compounds of toxicological significance such as benzene, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide; but, detection of other volatile ... |
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| Characterization of Environmental and Health Exposures During a Composite Aircraft Fire and Simulated Aircraft Recovery Operations |
JUL 2001 |
143 pages |
| Authors:
Howard T. Mayfield; Diane Baker; Joseph Costantino; INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS BROOKSAFB TX RISK ANALYSIS DIRECTORA
|
| Advanced composite material (ACM) use in the military and private sector is increasing. As a result of an aircraft crash, the Air Force Safety Center expressed concern over the absence of standardized Air Force policy, procedures, and training for personnel responding to a composite materials incident. The purpose of this study was to conduct an exposure assessment during operations typically conducted following an aircraft mishap. Industrial hygiene and environmental samples ... |
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| Investigation of the Structure of a Reacting Hydrocarbon-Air Planar Mixing Layer |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Corradini; Farrell; Foster; Ghandhi; Reitz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON ENGINE RESEARCH CENTER
|
| Mixing-controlled combustion of a hydrocarbon-air system was investigated experimentally in a planar two-stream mixing layer using planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH for visualization of the reaction zone, and planar LII of soot, which was found to effectively mark the edge of the parent fuel entrainment. The high-temperature combustion was found to locate on the lean reactant (air) side of the mixing layer, and was minimally perturbed by the fluid motion, ... |
|
| Extended-Range 5-in Navy Gun: Theoretical Thermal and Erosion Investigations |
MAY 2001 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J. Conroy; Paul Weinacht; Michael J. Nusca; Kirk Rice; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Barrel heating and erosion concerns for the Navy are being brought to light by new extended-range munitions. These munitions have, in general, higher performance requirements and use new propellants. In light of these concerns, the following investigation was performed to determine the thermal and erosion characteristics of the current and proposed munitions. In this report, the calculation methodology governing both the thermal and erosion work is described. Six thermal scenarios ... |
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| Energy Transfer Processes in the Production of Excited States in Reacting Rocket Flows |
26 FEB 2001 |
270 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Rich; Igor Adamovich; Vish V. Subramaniam; OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The present report incorporates the results of experimental and analytical research into kinetic mechanisms and rates of collisional and radiative energy transfer processes in nonequilibrium gas and plasma flows, such as exist in high-altitude rocket plumes, supersonic nozzles, and behind shock waves. The kinetic processes under consideration include vibrational relaxation and molecular dissociation of air species (N2 and 02), as well as of key combustion products (such as CO and ... |
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| Advanced Diagnostics for Reacting Flows |
NOV 2000 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald K. Hanson; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Advanced optical diagnostic techniques relevant to propulsion were investigated The techniques studied were based on laser spectroscopy. with emphasis on spectrally-resolved absorption and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Laser sources included tunable cw near-infrared diode lasers and tunable (or fixed-wavelength) pulsed lasers operated at ultraviolet and infrared (IR) wavelengths. The cw lasers were spectrally narrow. allowing Study of innovative diagnostics based on spectral line shapes. while the pulsed lasers provided intense bursts ... |
|
| Graduate Research Training in Advanced Diagnostics Techniques (AASERT) |
14 OCT 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald K. Hanson; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Tunable diode laser absorption probes have been developed for characterization of short-duration hypersonic flows produced in shock tunnels and expansion tubes. A new single-wavelength probe was tested in a large reflected shock tunnel at Calspan and in an expansion tube at Stanford. The demonstrated success of this sensor in characterizing the time evolution of freestream velocity should improve the utility of aerodynamic test data obtained ... |
|
| Evaluation of ALON for Cannon Window Application |
OCT 2000 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Beyer; Henry Kerwien; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In applying laser ignition to large-caliber cannons, a critical element is the window into the cannon chamber to admit the laser energy. This window must repeatedly withstand a particularly harsh environment of highly reactive, high temperature combustion products from the gun propellant at pressures up to 440 MPa (65,000 psi). Failure of the window can be caused by either thermal gradients in the window, mechanical force, or a combination. Previous ... |
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| Aircraft Carrier Hangar Bay Smoke Removal Tests Conducted Onboard the U. S.S Eisenhower (CVN-69) |
SEP 2000 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur J. Parker; Michelle J. Peatross; Robert L. Darwin; Glenn E. Risley; Howard L. Bowman; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER WEAPONS DIV CHINA LAKE CA
|
| The objective of this test program was to conduct preliminary scoping tests onboard the U.S.S. Eisenhower (CVN-69) for the purpose of providing guidance on changes to the smoke removal procedures described in the current fire fighting doctrine. During these preliminary scoping tests, existing smoke generators onboard the U.S.S. Eisenhower (CVN-69) were used to determine the smoke filling time and removal performance from the hangar bay under various door configurations, with ... |
|
| Scaling Criteria for the Development of an Acoustically Stabilized Dump Combustor |
04 AUG 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jerald A. Cole; Timothy P. Parr; Neil C. Widmer; Kenneth J. Wilson; Klaus C. Schadow; William R. Randall; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CORP IRVINE CA
|
| Acoustic stabilization of combustion in a dump configuration results in completion of combustion in a relatively short residence time with simultaneously low emissions of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. Acoustically stabilized combustion is also a potential means for achieving closed-loop active control of combustion. Therefore, a promising burner configuration identified through laboratory bench-top experiments was developed and scaled up for application as an afterburner for a starved-air incinerator ... |
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| Ab Initio Calculation of Intermolecular Potential Parameters for GaseousDecomposition Products of Energetic Materials |
AUG 2000 |
|
| Authors:
A. White; F. J. Zerilli; H. D. Jones; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This document describes the results obtained using two methods for ab initlo calculation of intermolecular potential parameters for gaseous decomposition products of energetic materials: a Multipole Expansion method, suitable for axially symmetric molecules, and a Monte Carlo method, which can be used to obtain temperature dependent average potential energy parameters for any molecule. |
|
| Advanced Diagnostics for Reacting Flows |
JUL 2000 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald K. Hanson; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Advanced optical diagnostic techniques relevant to propulsion were investigated. The techniques studied were based on laser spectroscopy, with emphasis on spectrally-resolved absorption and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Laser sources included tunable cw near-infrared diode lasers and tunable (or fixed-wavelength) pulsed lasers operated at ultraviolet and infrared (IR) wavelengths. The cw lasers were spectrally narrow, allowing study of innovative diagnostics based on spectral line shapes, while the pulsed lasers provided intense bursts ... |
|
| Residential Exposure from Inhalation of Air Emissions from the M195 Green Star Parachute Signal Flare |
19 MAY 2000 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Hsieng-Ye Chang; Stafford D. Coakley; Jeffrey S. Grow; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENGINE
|
| This assessment evaluated the potential for human health effects to offsite residents breathing air emissions following use of the M195 green star parachute signal flare during training exercises. The military uses pyrotechnics for signaling, obscuring, and illumination during training exercises to simulate battle conditions. Study results showed no potential for health risks to the hypothetical resident from inhalation of air emissions from the Ml 95. To conduct this study, air ... |
|
| MWIR Snapshot Imaging Spectrometer: Calibration and Imaging Experiments; Complete Imaging Stokes Polarimeter for The 3 - 5 Micrometer Spectral Band |
MAR 2000 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Volin; J. P. Garcia; D. S. Sabatke; E. L. Dereniak; M. R. Descour; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON OPTICAL SCIENCES CENTER
|
| We report results of experimentation with a new, high-resolution MWIR non-scanning, snapshot imaging spectrometer capable of simultaneously recording spatial and spectral data from a rapidly varying target scene. The instrument is based on computed tomography concepts and operates in a mid-wave infrared band of 3.0 to 5.0 micrometer. High speed spectral imaging was demonstrated by collecting spectro-spatial snapshots of filtered blackbodies, combustion products and targets of opportunity in the lab. ... |
|
| The Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy to Turbine Engine Exhaust Measurement |
2000 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
D. Marran; P. Kenny; J. Markham; P. Jalbert; R. Moyers; ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH INC EAST HARTFORD CT
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| An advanced multiple gas analyzer based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been used to successfully measure the exhaust composition from a gas turbine engine combustors rig at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Arnold Air Force Base (TN). The advanced FT-IR multigas analyzer was able to demonstrate its ability to not only measure the species traditionally measured at the facility (water, CO2, CO, NO, ... |
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| Gulf War and Health Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Sarin, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Vaccines |
2000 |
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| Authors:
Caroyln E. Fulco; Catharyn T. Liverman; Harold C. Sox; INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE WASHINGTON DC
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| On August 2, 1990, Iraqi armed forces invaded Kuwait; within 5 days the United States began to deploy troops to Operation Desert Shield. Intense air attacks against the Iraqi armed forces began on January 16, 1991, and opened a phase of the conflict known as Operation Desert Storm. Oil-well fires became visible by satellite images as early as February 9, 1991; the ground war began OR ... |
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| Correction of Spectral Interferences Arising from CN Emission in Continuous Air Monitoring Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy |
16 NOV 1999 |
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| Authors:
Michael D. Seltzer; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| Introduction of sample stream air into argon inductively coupled plasma permits continuous monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metals in combustion flue gases. In addition to entrained particulates, various molecular components of flue gas are in the plasma. These species, and reaction products thereof, such as CN species, also undergo excitation resulting in complex emission spectra of appreciable intensity. Serious spectral interference arises for several metal elements, from molecular emission bands ... |
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| Studying the Formulation Effects on Steady-State and Transient Combustion Behavior of Aluminized Propellants |
Jul 1999 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir E Zarko; O G Glotov; V V Karasev; V N Simonenko; A B Kiskin; A G Svit; L K Gusachenko; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NOVOSIBIRSK INST OF CHEMICAL KINETICS AND COMBUSTION
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| A new approach based on use of special super heterogeneous propellants that generate during combustion the model agglomerates with given reproducible size and structure has been elaborated for study of model agglomerate evolution. The experiments with agglomerates of 395/540 micron size and initial aluminum content 42.6 % were carried out in pressure range 1-80 atm. The characteristics of condensed combustion products (CCP) were measured via sampling technique at pressure 46 ... |
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