| United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine Laser Injury Guidebook |
Apr 2012 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
John M Gooch; Richard R Harvey; Wanda Parham-Bruce; Bret Z Rogers; Jr McLin Leon N; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH AEROSPACE MEDICINE DEPT
|
 | The primary purpose of the laser injury guidebook is to provide guidelines and instructions for flight surgeons' interaction with potential laser beam exposures in aircrew and ground personnel. The intent is to provide an evaluation and initial management process to assess and respond to laser beam exposures of ocular and adnexal injury. Subjects covered in detail include the laser beam exposure threat in the HR aviation environment and the role ... |
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| Behavioral and Physiological Response of Musca domestica to Colored Visual Targets |
Jan 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
II Diclaro J W; L W Cohnstaedt; R M Pereira; S A Allan; P G Koehler; NAVY ENTOMOLOGY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE JACKSONVILLE FL
|
| A better understanding of the visual attraction of house flies to colors and patterns is needed to improve fly trap performance. This study combined physiological responses measured with electroretinogram studies of the house fly's compound eyes and ocelli with behavioral attraction of flies to reflective colors and patterns in light tunnel assays. Compound eye and ocellar electroretinogram responses to reflected light were similar, with the largest responses to white and ... |
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| Cognitive and Perceptual Performance Effects of Controlled Exposure to Acute Hypoxic Stress |
12 Sep 2011 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B Phillips; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT DAYTON WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Since FY-2000, DoD has reported four hypoxia-related Class A mishaps costing four pilots' lives and over $300 million in aircraft. In addition, the F/A-18 community has filed 113 hypoxia-related HAZREPS since 2001. A 2010 survey conducted on tactical aviators indicated that 79% of hypoxic episodes go unreported, suggesting that the problem is far more prevalent than official statistics suggest (Deussing et al., 2011). Current emergency procedures for hypoxic events require ... |
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| Development, Validation, and Deployment of an Occupational Test of Color Vision for Air Traffic Control Specialists |
MAY 2011 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Chidester; Nelda Milburn; Nicholas Lomangino; Nancy Baxter; Stephanie Hughes; L. S. Peterson; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCSs) are responsible for the safe, efficient, and orderly flow of traffic in the U.S. National Airspace System. Color has become an integral element of the air traffic control environment. It is used to communicate information to ATCSs about various modes of air traffic functions including conflict alerts, aircraft control status, and weather. The Federal Air Surgeon (AAM-1) and Human Factors Research, Engineering, and Development office ... |
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| Hyperspectral Imaging of Cuttlefish Camouflage Indicates Good Color Match in the Eyes of Fish Predators |
MAY 2011 |
|
| Authors:
Chuan-Chin Chiao; J. K. Wickiser; Justine J. Allen; Brock Genter; Roger T. Hanlon; MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY
|
| Camouflage is a widespread phenomenon throughout nature and an important anti-predator tactic in natural selection. Many visual predators have keen color perception, thus camouflage patterns should provide some degree of color matching in addition to other visual factors such as pattern, contrast, and texture. Quantifying camouflage effectiveness in the eyes of the predator is a challenge from the perspectives of both biology and optical imaging technology. Here we take advantage ... |
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| Quantification of Visual Capabilities Using Augmented Reality Displays |
Oct-2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A Livingston; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
|
| In order to be able to perceive and recognize objects or surface properties of objects, one must be able to resolve the features. These perceptual tasks can be difficult for both graphical representations and real objects in augmented reality (AR) displays. This paper presents the results of objective measurements and two user studies. The first evaluation explores visual acuity and contrast sensitivity; the second explores color perception. Both experiments test ... |
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| Information Fusion for Image Analysis: Neural Methods and Technology Development |
30 JUN 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Gail A. Carpenter; BOSTON UNIV MA DEPT OF COGNITIVE AND NEURAL SYSTEMS
|
| Research at Boston University has produced computational models of biological vision and learning that embody a growing corpus of scientific data and predictions. Vision models perform long-range grouping and figure/ground segmentation, and memory models create attentionally controlled recognition codes that intrinsically combine bottom-up activation and top-down learned expectations. These two streams of research form the foundation of completed projects that define novel dynamically integrated systems for image understanding. Simulations using ... |
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| Identification of Sildenafil (Viagra) and Its Metabolite (UK 103,320) in Six Aviation Fatalities |
FEB 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Johnson; Russell J. Lewis; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| During the investigation of aviation accidents, postmortem samples from victims are submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. This report presents a rapid and reliable method for the identification and quantitation of sildenafil (Viagra ) and its active metabolite, UK-103,320. This procedure utilizes sildenafil-d8 as an internal standard for more accurate and reliable quantitation. The method incorporates solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS and MS/MS/MS utilizing ... |
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| Pedestrian Detection |
JUN 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Del Rose; Philip Frederick; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Pedestrian detection has been an active topic for several years. Many types of sensors and algorithms have been explored to improve pedestrian detection with varying levels of success. Currently, the pedestrian detection program within the Intelligent Systems Directorate at the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), Warren, MI, concentrates on stereo vision systems, including stereo gray scale, stereo color, and stereo infrared. Both human detection from ... |
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| Figure/Ground Segregation from Human Cues |
2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Artur M. Arsenio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| This paper presents a new embodied approach for segmentation by a humanoid robot. It relies on interactions with a human teacher that drives the robot through the process of segmenting objects from arbitrarily complex, nonstatic images. By exploiting movements with a strong periodic or discontinuity content, the robot's visual system segments a wide variety of objects from images, with varying conditions of luminosity and a different number of moving artifacts ... |
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| Towards Pervasive Robotics |
2003 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Artur M. Arsenio; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB
|
| In the near future, pervasive robotics will require small, light, and cheap robots that exhibit complex behaviors. These demands led to the development of the M2-M4 Macaco project -- a robotic active vision head. Macaco is a portable system, capable of emulating the head of different creatures both aesthetically and functionally. It integrates mechanisms for social interactions, autonomous navigation, and object analysis. |
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| Development of the "Mirror System": A Computational Model |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
Giorgio Metta; Lorenzo Natale; Satyajit Rao; Giulio Sandini; GENOVA UNIV (ITALY)
|
 | The authors are studying the development of the mirror system from a computational perspective with the ultimate goal of realizing a physical implementation. They are using an anthropomorphic robot as a development platform. The body of the robot provides the physical interaction between the computational structure and the environment. Single neuron recording and microstimulation in the monkey have shown that the premotor cortex contains visually responsive neurons. These neurons are ... |
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| Measurement of Human Color Responses Using Visual Evoked Potential Elicited by Multi-Color Stimulation |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
K. Momose; J. Hanagata; KANAGAWA INST OF TECH (JAPAN) DEPT OF NETWORK ENGINEERING
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| The simultaneous presentation of two color stimuli was used to determine whether a practical and rapid method of recording human color responses using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be done, Multi-color stimulation which consists of two iso-luminant color stimuli presented with a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) were employed to elicit VEPs, and the first- order binary kernel of the VEPs was calculated using multi-input system analysis technique, The waveforms of ... |
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| USAARL Research Series: Night Vision Goggles 1975-2000 (CD-ROM) |
JUL 2001 |
|
| Authors:
C. E. Rash; W. E. McLean; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 77 files; Adobe PDF documents. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 81.2 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible; requires Adobe Acrobat Reader (on disc). ABSTRACT: In 1973, the Department of the Army adopted night vision devices for use in aviation. Known as the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggle (NVG), these devices have become the mainstay for the aviator's capability to operate during periods ... |
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| Active Vision for Sociable Robots |
2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
|
| In 1991, Ballard described the implications of having a visual system that could actively position the camera coordinates in response to physical stimuli. In humanoid robotic systems, or in any animate vision system that interacts with people, social dynamics provide additional levels of constraint and provide additional opportunities for processing economy. In this paper, we describe an integrated visual-motor system that has been implemented on a humanoid robot to negotiate ... |
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| An Invariant Display Strategy for Hyperspectral Imagery |
DEC 2000 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
David I. Diersen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Remotely sensed data produced by hyperspectral imagers contains hundreds of contiguous narrow spectral bands at each spatial pixel. The substantial dimensionality and unique character of hyperspectral imagery requires display techniques that differ from traditional image analysis tools. This study investigated the appropriate methodologies for displaying hyperspectral images based on the physical principles of human color vision and a generalized set of linear transformations. Principal components (PC) analysis is a powerful ... |
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| Parallel Visual Processes in Health and Disease. Volume 95, Number 3-4 |
18 NOV 1999 |
200 pages |
| Authors:
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The Final Proceedings for Parallel Visual Processes in Health and Disease, 20 June 1997 - 20 June 1997. Neurophysiology of Parallel Visual Processes as Applied to Color and Motion Processing, Modelling Parallel Processes in the Electroretinogram and Cortical Evoked Potentials, Motion Processing in Human Vision, Parallel Visual Processes and the Control of Eye Movements and Higher Visual Processes, Measurement of Parallel Visual Processes in ... |
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| U.S. Navy Color Vision Standards Revisited |
27 APR 1998 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin V. Laxar; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| Following a visit to Naval Reactors, BUMED-21 requested from the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory information on evaluating "functional color vision" for nuclear field duty personnel. Color vision standards for other positions in the Navy have been considered in the past and are applicable to nuclear field duty and the tasks that require color vision. MANMED states that the Farnsworth Lantern (FALANT) is the standard Navy color perception test. It ... |
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| Twentieth European Conference on Visual Perception, Helsinki-Espoo, Finland 24-29 August 1997. Volume 26 - Supplement |
FEB 1998 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Kristian Donner; HELSINKI UNIV (FINLAND)
|
| Topics covered at the twentieth Conference on Visual Perception (Abstracts of Papers) includes: vision and brain dynamics; attention and performance; eye movements; color and form; hyperacuity; object recognition; depth and stereo; context patterns; computational theory; motion after effects and velocity. |
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| A Performance Analysis of the Faugeras Color Space as a Component of Color Histogram-Based Image Retrieval |
DEC 97 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Chad A. Vander Mear; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The use of color histograms for image retrieval from databases has been implemented in many variations. Selecting the appropriate color space for similarity comparisons is an important part of a color histogram technique. This paper serves to introduce and evaluate the performance of a color space through the use of color histograms. Performance is evaluated by correlating the similarity results obtained from various color feature vector techniques (including color histgramming) ... |
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| Redundant Coding in Visual Search Displays: Effects of Shape and Colour |
FEB 97 |
|
| Authors:
Ben Bauer; Sharon McFadden; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| Subjects sought a unique target shape in a display of distractor shapes under three color coding conditions. In the no color coding condition (NC C) all shapes shared the same color. In the two color-coded conditions, the target was uniquely and redundantly color coded with a color whose CIE xy chromaticity coordinates were linearly separable (LS) or were not linearly separable (NLS) from the set of distractor chromaticity coordinates. Performance ... |
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| Bioenvironmental Engineering, AFSC 4B0X1 |
DEC 96 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE OCCUPATIONAL MEASUREMENT SQUADRON RANDOLPH AFB TX
|
| This report presents the results of an occupational survey of the Bioenvironmental Engineering specialty completed by the Occupational Analysis Flight, Occupational Measurement Squadron, in November 1996. This survey was conducted at the request of HQ HSD/SOSP, Brooks AFB TX. The previous survey was completed in April 1991. The AFSC 4B0Xl OSR can assist technical training personnel in updating the training programs and evaluating the current classification structure for AFSC 4B0X1. ... |
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| A Further Validation of the Practical Color Vision Test for En Route Air Traffic Control Applicants |
AUG 96 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
H. W. Mertens; N. J. Milburn; W. E. Collins; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| The Flight Progress Strips Test (FPST) is currently used for secondary color vision screening of applicants for air traffic control jobs at en route centers. The test provides a practical, job-specific color vision selection criterion involving use of color coding in the most important color task of en route radar contollers, i.e., discrimination of the non-redundant color coding in flight progress strips (FPSs). This experiment provides a further, independent validation ... |
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| Review of the Elemental Capability of Vision: Primary Visual Taxons |
AUG 96 |
|
| Authors:
Robert E. Miller Ii; Norm Barsalou; ANALYTIC SCIENCES CORP SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The Joint Technical Coordinating Group/Munitions Effectiveness and Aircraft Survivability Crew Casualty Working Group (CCWG) was formed to review and standardize casualty assessments for the Tri-services. The goal of the CCWG is to design an accurate model which is sufficiently general to predict the probability of incapacitation from a wide range of weapon effects or insults (e. g., blast, penetration, blunt injury, acceleration, bums, toxic gases, biological agents, electromagnetic energy, etc.) ... |
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| Visual and Cognitive Issues in the Design of Displays |
AUG 96 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
James D. Walrath; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| In order for a visual display to be useful, the human user must be able to see and understand what is displayed--allowing information to become knowledge. It follows, then, that for a display to be of maximum utility, characteristics of human vision and cognition must be considered in the design process. This report contains both general design guidelines as well as specific information that can be useful to the display ... |
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| Low-Emissivity Camouflage Coatings |
JUN 96 |
|
| Authors:
Kestutis G. Chesonis; Donovan Harris; ARMY RESEARCH LAB FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| The next generation of low-emissivity camouflage coatings will have signature modulating properties in the infrared (IR) bands without sacrificing the visual and near-IR properties and its chemical agent resistant coatings (CARC) nature. This report outlines the major problems facing the coatings chemists/formulators and the use of new instrumentation to define development and evaluation of coating surfaces by particle-size distribution and profile. There are four bands in the electromagnetic spectrum that ... |
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| Ophthalmic Requirements and Considerations for the En Route Air Traffic Control Specialist: An Ergonomic Analysis of the Visual Work Environment |
APR 96 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Van B. Nakagawara; James D. Coffey; Ronald W. Montgomery; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| The Federal Air Surgeon requested continued investigation of visual disorders and vision corrective devices as to their relevance to the medical certification of airmen and controllers. The en route Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) works with a unique radar console unit when controlling aircraft. To better understand the visual requirements of this work environment, an ergonomic study of the radar console was performed. A vertical stand with a tape measure ... |
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| U.S. Army Aviation Epidemiology Data Register: Incidence of Color Vision Deficiency Among U.S. Army Aviators |
APR 95 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T. Mason; Samuel G. Shannon; Michael J. Slattery; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| The Chief, Visual Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, requested a determination of the incidence of color vision deficiency among Army aviators. As we enter the next century, the color vision requirements of Army aviators will increase with the introduction of multicolored displays. Since aviator training applicants are disqualified routinely from training due to color vision deficiency, there should be no aviators with color vision deficiency. However, this paper ... |
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| Image Perception Wavelet Simulation and Enhancement for the Visually Impaired |
DEC 94 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Lemuel R. Myers Jr; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| This research delves into the area of image enhancement for the visually impaired. Binocular macular degeneration a visual impairment, affects many Americans; since this condition could not be corrected with conventional glasses the literature suggested using an enhancement system which used a pre- emphasis algorithm to enhance the input image for output to the observer. The work of Dr. Eli Peli, a pioneer in the field of image enhancement, is ... |
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| Visual Neural Development and Chromatic Aberration |
14 MAR 94 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Laurence T. Maloney; NEW YORK UNIV NY DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The purpose of the research undertaken was to develop computational techniques and psychophysical methods for investigating the internal representation of visual information (shape, depth and color) in human observers. Some of the equipment needed was not available in Summer 1992. A no- cost one-year extension was requested and granted, and work on the project continued through March 1994. The following is a list of publications and presentations supported in whole ... |
|
| 17TH Conference on Visual Perception (Abstracts). Volume 23 - Supplement |
1994 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
EINDHOVEN UNIV OF TECH (NETHERLANDS) INST FOR PERCEPTION RESEARCH
|
| Abstracts of papers presented at the 17th European Conference on Visual Perception held at Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 4-8 September 1994. Topics include: color perception, development and aging; spatial vision; shape, texture, and depth; motion perception; early visual processing; learning and memory; applied psychophysics; brightness and lightness; attention, visual search, and eye movements; and others. |
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| Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Preattentive and Attentive Processing |
26 NOV 93 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
J. Theeuwes; INSTITUTE FOR PERCEPTION RVO-TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| In the present experiment, subjects searched multi-element displays for a color singleton. With a variable display-to-onset interval, on some trials an abrupt onset was presented at three possible distances from the target location. The interference effect caused by the abrupt onset as a function of SOA and its relative position revealed the distinctive characteristics of pre- attentive and attentive processing, During preattentive parallel processing (processing occurring within the first 100 ... |
|
| Parallel Search for a Conjunction of Color and Orientation: Evidence for Sequential Preattentive Parallel Processing |
15 NOV 93 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
J. Theeuwes; INSTITUTE FOR PERCEPTION RVO-TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The present study shows that search for a conjunction of color and orientation can be performed in parallel when the target is embedded in a homogeneous colored subgroup of nontarget elements. The results provide evidence for the notion of sequential global-to-local parallel processing in which the first global stage allows the rejection of one subgroup of elements followed by a second local stage which rejects the local subgroup of elements. ... |
|
| Endogeneous and Exogenous Control of Visual Selection: A Review of the Literature |
15 JUL 93 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
J. Theeuwes; INSTITUTE FOR PERCEPTION RVO-TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Among the most fundamental issues of visual attention research is the extent to which visual selection is controlled by properties of the stimulus or by the intentions, goals and beliefs of the observer. Before selective attention operates, preattentive processes perform some basic analyses segmenting the visual field into functional perceptual units. The crucial question is whether the allocation of attention to these perceptual units is under the endogenous control of ... |
|
| Improving Slant-Range Resolution with Multiple SAR Surveys. |
JAN 1993 |
|
| Authors:
C. Prati; F. Rocca
|
| Across-track resolution of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is limited by power and data rate constraints. We derive and discuss a new technique for increasing the across-track resolution of objects that do not change with time, using multiple surveys of the same area from different off-nadir angles. Precise information on the spaceborne trajectories are not requested since they can be derived from SAR interferometry. Simulated data show that theoretical ... |
|
| Estimating Scene Properties by Analyzing Color Histograms With Physics- Base Models |
DEC 92 |
|
| Authors:
Carol L. Novak; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| The goal of machine vision is to allow intelligent systems to describe the world around them by the interpretation of images. The difficulty is that vision is a very complex process, since images may contain shadows, highlights, interreflections, and other phenomena. Images are created through the interaction of light with the world; therefore, any vision system that is to understand images must have a model of those interactions. By using ... |
|
| Stimulus-Driven Capture and Attentional Set: Selective Search for Color and Visual Abrupt Onsets |
25 SEP 92 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
J. Theeuwes; INSTITUTE FOR PERCEPTION RVO-TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Recent evidence suggests that the occurrence of attentional capture is contingent on the attentional control setting induced by the task demands (Folk, Remington and Johnston, in press). Because the experiments on which these conclusions are based can be criticized for several reasons, the contingent capture hypothesis was tested by means of two visual search tasks in which subjects searched multielement displays in which a color singleton and onset singleton were ... |
|
| Department of Defense Training Technology Technical Group (T2TG) Minutes and Briefings of 6th Meeting |
MAR 92 |
359 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Seidel; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The sixth meeting of 2TG was held on 24-25 Mar 92, at Phoenix AZ. It was hosted by Armstrong Laboratory Williams AFB. Dr. William Howell, AL/HRD spoke about situational awareness as it relates to aircrew performance. Mr. Denis Breglia, NTSC, described issues surrounding development and use of virtual environments as training technologies. Dr. Michael Drillings, USARI, discussed findings of ARI sponsored National Research Council reports on value of non- mainstream ... |
|
| Effects of Color Vision Deficiency on Detection of Color-Highlighted Targets in a Simulated Air Traffic Control Display |
JAN 92 |
|
| Authors:
Henry W. Mertens; Richard I. Thackray; Mark Touchstone; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| The present study sought to evaluate the effects of color vision deficiency on the gain in conspicuity that is realized when color-highlighting is added as a redundant cue to indicate the presence of unexpected, nontracked aircraft intruding in controlled airspace. Sixteen subjects with severe color vision deficiency of both protan and deutan types and eight subjects with normal color vision performed a simulated high-workload air traffic control task over a ... |
|
| Biologically-Based Neural Network Model of Color Constancy and Color Contrast |
92 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Susan M. Courtney; Gershon Buchsbaum; Leif H. Finkel; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA DEPT OF BIOENGINEERING
|
| The light which reaches the eye, or any other sensor, is the product of the reflectance and the illuminant. Therefore, in order to determine the surface reflectance of an object independent of the illuminant, a system must use the spatiochromatic context of the image. We have developed a neural network based on the anatomy and physiology of the visual projection from retina to V4. The network combines color-opponent and contrast ... |
|
| High Order Mechanism of Color Vision |
15 NOV 91 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
John Krauskopf; NEW YORK UNIV NY CENTER FOR NEURAL SCIENCE
|
| This report covers our activities since June 15, 1990. The main accomplishments have been: (1) Continued experiments on the variation of color discrimination over color space, (2) Experiments on the influence of color on the perception of coherent motion, (3) Experiments on the effects of chromatic adaptation on color appearance, (4) Electro-physiological experiments on the effects of chromatic stimuli on the responses of neurons physiological experiments on the effects of ... |
|
| Toward the Ideal Military Aviation Sunglass |
NOV 1991 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Marsh; W. B. Cushman; L. A. Temme; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
| Sunglasses and sunvisors affect vision, but can they actually improve it? The effects of sunglasses on vision were modeled considering: (1) Duntley and Middelton's theoretical treatment of the propagation of light through the atmosphere; (2) the dependence of light scatter on wavelength; (3) Blackwell's extensive 'Tiffany' data base describing human visual sensitivity to incremental, contrasting spot stimuli; and (4) human spectral sensitivity. With these factors, sunglass and visor characteristics were ... |
|
| User Evaluation of Laser Ballistic Sun, Wind and Dust Goggle Lenses (Dye Technology) |
NOV 91 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
B. Jezior; C. L. Blackwell; L. L. Lesher; V. Shearer; L. Plante; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA
|
| Prompted by a Product Improvement Program aimed at providing soldiers eye protection equal to that of the Ballistic Laser Protective Spectacles (BLPS) , Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center recently field tested four experimental laser ballistic lenses in the Sun, Wind, and Dust Goggle. All lenses used dye absorber technology. Field testing with Armor and Infantry military personnel resulted in data collected from more than 300 soldiers on over 80 ... |
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| Most of the Senses Begin to Make Some Sense |
31 OCT 91 |
|
| Authors:
Doron Lancet; MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB WOODS HOLE MA
|
| SENSORY cells convert different forms of energy to the brain's 'currency' - trans-membrane potentials. But they do more. They have mechanisms for self-modulation, and their built-in diversity generates the complex patterns that underlie perceptual images. At a meeting held last month, a unified view emerged of how this is accomplished in photoreception, mechanoreception and chemoreception. ANNOTATION: Reprint: Most of the Senses Begin to Make Some Sense. |
|
| Eye Movements and Spatial Pattern Vision |
01 JUL 91 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence E. Arend; EYE RESEARCH INST OF RETINA FOUNDATION BOSTON MA
|
| Models of human lightness and color perception must take account of color constancy, a tendancy for apparent surface color to be relatively independent of the color and intensity of the illuminating light source. Our observers matched the lightnesses (apparent reflectances) and brightnesses (apparent luminances) of regions in simple and complex achromatic spatial patterns. The data showed that the observers' knowledge of the surface reflectances was unaffected by brightness changes due ... |
|
| The Effects of Luminance Boundaries on Color Perception |
24 APR 91 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Kronauer; R. T. Eskewm Jr.; C. F. Stromeyer III; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| When a suprathreshold luminance flash, presented as an increment on a large background field, accompanies a coincident equiluminant flash, the chromatic threshold is reduced. Early studies suggested that the chromatic facilitation grows large at small test size. We have measured detection thresholds for test spots with diameters from 5 min - 1 degree. Even for the smallest size the chromatic red-green sensitivity (specified in cone-contrast coordinates) is greater than luminance ... |
|
| Higher Order Mechanisms of Color Vision |
19 NOV 90 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
John Krauskopf; NEW YORK UNIV NY CENTER FOR NEURAL SCIENCE
|
| This report covers our activities since June 15, 1989. The main accomplishments have been: (1) Completion and publication of a comprehensive study of the effects of chromatic content, blur and contrast of targets on vernier acuity and on stereo acuity; (2) The use of a new method of measuring chromatic discrimination under conditions of constant adaptation; (3) Continuation of the study of the chromatic properties of single cells in the ... |
|
| Peripheral Limitations on Spatial Vision |
16 JUL 90 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
David R. Williams; ROCHESTER UNIV NY CENTER FOR VISUAL SCIENCE
|
| This project employs psychophysical techniques to examine the limitations on spatial vision imposed by the first stages in the visual pathway. Many of the experiments capitalize on laser interferometry, which allows sinusoidal gratings to be formed on an observer's retina that are immune to optical blurring. The appearance of very high frequency gratings to distorted, or aliased, by the cone mosaic. Such moire patterns provide the basis for psychophysical techniques ... |
|
| International Symposium on Attention and Performance (14th) Held at Ann Arbor, Michigan on July 9-13, 1990. Synergies in Experimental Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Neuroscience |
13 JUL 90 |
|
| Authors:
David E. Meyer; Sylvan Kornblum; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The following topics were among those presented at the XIVth Attention and Performance symposium: Learning and Connectionist Representations; Visual Information Processing: A Perceptive; Color Constancy and Color Perception: The Linear-Models Framework; The Visual Recognition of Three- dimensional Objects; Five Hunches about Perceptual Processes and Dynamic Representations; Perceiving an Integrated Visual World; Interactions between Object and Space Systems Revealed through Neuropsychology. |
|
| Visual Performance of Contact Lens-Corrected Ametropic Aviators with the M-43 Protective Mask |
MAY 90 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Richard R. Levine; Morris R. Lattimore; Isaac Behar; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| This study investigated the use of extended wear soft contact lenses with the Apache aviator's M-43 protective mask. Visual functions tests (high and low contrast, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision), visually-based cognitive tests, and user-comfort questionnaires were employed with normally sighted aviators and with aviators fitted with hydrogel soft contact lenses. Tests were administered shortly before donning the mask, immediately after donning the mask, and at hourly intervals, over ... |
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COLOR VISION
