| Guidelines for Mass Casualty Decontamination During a HAZMAT/Weapon of Mass Destruction Incident. Volumes 1 and 2 |
Apr-2009 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
William Lake; Peter Schulze; Robert Gougelet; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
 | The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) published two reports on mass casualty decontamination after a terrorist chemical attack as part of the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Domestic Preparedness Program. At the time of this study, the Guidelines for Mass Casualty Decontamination During a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident and Guidelines for Cold Weather Mass Decontamination were about 8 years old. The U.S. Army Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear School required an updated ... |
|
| Evaluation of the Long Range Patrol Packet |
NOV 2007 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy K. Johnson; F. M. Kramer; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND MA NATICK SOLDIER CENTER
|
| An evaluation of new items for future versions of the Long Range Patrol Packet (LRP) and Meal, Cold Weather (MCW) was conducted at Grafenwoehr, Germany. The current LRP was evaluated for comparative purposes. The evaluation consisted of issuing the LRP to soldiers during 4 days of regular field training. Surveys concerning intake and acceptability were collected daily. |
|
| MDA Ice Detection and Measurement Camera Development and Validation for NASA-KSC (2004-2007) |
17 AUG 2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Meitzler; Darryl Bryk; Euijung Sohn; Mary Bienkowski; Kimberly Lane; Michele Charbeneau; Gregory Smith; James Ragusa; ARMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| The formation of frost, ice, and ice balls are common occurrences on the insulated External Tank (ET) of the Space Transportation System (STS) during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida launch preparations. The metal ET tank, 154 ft. tall and 27.5 ft. in diameter, is covered by insulating Sprayed On Foam Insulation (SOFI). However, internal ET fuel and oxidizer tanks contain large quantities of cryogens-in this ... |
|
| Freezing Fog Formation in a Supercooled Boundary Layer: Solving the Winter Fog Forecasting Challenge for Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska |
MAR 2007 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley J. Harbaugh; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We have examined four complex freezing fog events at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, to determine the root cause of the fog. These events have drastically impacted operations in the region for years, and are still a mystery to forecasters. The primary goal was to provide a detailed analysis of conditions within the boundary layer that contributed to freezing fog formation within the supercooled liquid water boundary layer. The data ... |
|
| 3rd Generation Thermal Imager Sensor Performance |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Van A Hodgkin; Ronald G Driggers; ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONICS SENSORS DIRECTORATE
|
| 3rd Generation FLIR (3rd Gen) is defined as a dual band (MWIR and LWIR) thermal imager. It is targeted to be one of the principle sensor systems for the Army's Future Combat System (FCS), Stryker, and Airborne Reconnaissance System. In early 2005, the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) created a large scale project to research and quantify the potential benefits of a 3rd Gen FLIR. This research was ... |
|
| Application of Nanofiber Technology to Nonwoven Thermal Insulation |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Phil Gibson; Calvin Lee; ARMY SOLDIER SYSTEMS COMMAND NATICK MA
|
| Nanofiber technology (fiber diameter less than 1 micrometer) is under development for future Army lightweight protective clothing systems. Nanofiber applications for ballistic and chemical/biological protection are being actively investigated, but the thermal properties of nanofibers and their potential protection against cold environments are relatively unknown. Previous studies have shown that radiative heat transfer in fibrous battings is minimized at fiber diameters between 5 and 10 micrometers. However, the radiative heat ... |
|
| Manikin Testing on LASA Suit |
16 MAR 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
W. Durnford; P. Potter; CORD GROUP LIMITED DARTMOUTH (NOVA SCOTIA)
|
| As part of a BL2 with the Directorate of Aerospace Engineering Support DAES, DRDC Toronto required testing to be conducted on a thermal immersion manikin to evaluate the thermal resistance of the NBC immersion suit LASA in a wave pool. Parallel to the manikin testing, human testing was performed using the same test facilities. In conjunction with this evaluation, the thermal resistance of the ACE extreme cold weather garments and ... |
|
| Military Nutrition Research: Four Tasks to Address Personnel Readiness and Warfighter Performance |
MAR 2006 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Donna Ryan; PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER BATON ROUGE LA
|
| Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC) continues a 16 year collaborative effort with the Department of Defense (DoD) in this research effort. Objectives: To assess and evaluate novel ways to sustain warfighter performance during high intensity missions at home and abroad, under specially funded cooperative agreements between the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) and PBRC, PBRC provides high quality analytical laboratory, nutrition database and metabolic unit support for ... |
|
| Operational Polar Ice Forecasting |
JUL 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela S. Posey; Ruth H. Preller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Arctic is one of the most hostile operational environments in the world. Free drifting icebergs, shifting boundaries of pack ice, 24-hour darkness, sub-zero temperatures, icing on ship's equipment and superstructures and a lack of dependable logistical support can make Arctic operations extremely dangerous for ships, aircraft and submarines. Given these harsh operating conditions, real-time information and accurate forecasts can mean the difference between missing success and major equipment damage. ... |
|
| Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries |
01 MAY 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Castellani; Catherine O'Brien; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| One of the earliest responses to cold exposure is decreased blood flow to the extremities. This can occur simply with facial cooling or by direct cooling of the hands and feet. The sympathetic response that drives this decrease in blood flow is maximal with whole-body cooling. This decreased blood flow limits the heat delivery to the extremities, and subsequent tissue cooling is associated with a decrease in thermal comfort and ... |
|
| Prevention and Management of Cold-Weather Injuries |
APR 2005 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Castellani; C. O'brien; M. N. Sawka; W. B. Gamble; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Soldiers participating in military deployments often encounter cold Stress that requires management for successful mission accomplishment. Excessive cold stress degrades physical performance capabilities, significantly impacts morale, and eventually causes cold casualties. Cold stress environments include not only exposure to extremely low temperatures, but also cold-wet exposures in warmer ambient temperatures. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide guidance to military and civilian health care providers, allied medical personnel, and ... |
|
| Placing Antifreeze Concrete at Grand Forks Air Force Base |
APR 2005 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Korhonen; Peter Semen; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The first airfield pavement application of a recently developed antifreeze technology for cold weather concreting was demonstrated in February 2004 on an unreinforced section of a parking apron at the Grand Forks Air Force Base (GFAFB) in North Dakota. The technology, which combines ordinary concrete admixtures into a formulation that depresses the freezing point of water and accelerates the hydration rate of portland cement, was the product of a three- ... |
|
| Patient Warming Device for Casualty Care |
31 JAN 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Hansen; Mark Albrecht; Ryan Barrows; Andrew McGregor; Ephraim Sparrow; ARIZANT HEALTHCARE EDEN PRAIRIE MN
|
| We have shown that convective air warming device (e.g., "Bair Hugger') is feasible for cold weather conditions and aeromedical evacuation. The goal of the project was to develop such a device that can keep patients warm in 0 deg C conditions and can run for 2 hours using battery power. Our testing showed that with appropriate insulation and recirculation of warm air from within the device, as little as 250W ... |
|
| Ice Engineering: Ice Jams, Winter 2002-2003 |
JUL 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Tina M. Morgan; Linnzi Furman; Kate White; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Ice jams are accumulations of ice in rivers, lakes, and streams (Fig. 1) that can cause destructive floods upstream that are costly to surrounding communities. Areas downstream from the jam also can be affected if the jam releases suddenly, sending a surge of water and ice downstream. The rapid changes in water levels associated with jams often leave little time to prepare for flooding. Damages caused by ice jams can ... |
|
| The Effects of NEXRAD Graphical Data Resolution and Direct Weather Viewing on Pilots' Judgments of Weather Severity and Their Willingness to Continue a Flight |
MAR 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis B. Beringer; Jerry D. Ball; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| A study was conducted to determine how variations in displayed NEXRAD weather data resolution interact with the pilot's direct view of weather. Pilots (32) were assigned to on of four groups; 8km, 4km, or 2km resolution, and a baseline condition without NEXRAD imagery. Each flew the simulator from Santa Rosa, NM with the intent to land at Albuquerque. Heavy precipitation moved into the area during the flight, and pilots were ... |
|
| Epidemiology of U.S. Army Cold Weather Injuries, 1980-1999 |
17 DEC 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David W. DeGroot; John W. Castellani; Jeffrey O. Williams; Paul J. Amoroso; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Background: Cold weather injuries (CWI) are of great military concern due to their wide-ranging impact on military readiness. Previous short-term studies have identified CWI to be more prevalent in African-Americans, infantrymen, and lower ranking soldiers. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the occurrence of CWI hospitalizations in the U.S. Army from 1980-1999, and to identify possible trends, high-risk groups and/or activities. |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 9, Number 7, November/December 2003 |
Dec-2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| The knee is a hinge joint whose stability and function are maintained by four ligaments that attach the femur to the tibia. The cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior) are short fibrous cords that cross each other inside the joint. They prevent forward and backward movements of the tibia under the femur and guide the tibia over the end of the femur throughout the knee's range of motion. When cruciate ligaments ... |
|
| U.S. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Combat, 1991-2003 |
09 JUN 2003 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel L. Haulman; AIR FORCE HISTORICAL RESEARCH AGENCY MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| Between 1991 and 2003, the United States used a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in combat operations. These included the Pioneer, the Pointer, the Hunter, the Predator, the Global Hawk, the Dragon Eye, the Desert Hawk, and the Shadow. During those 13 years the role of UAVs expanded from mere reconnaissance to target designation and attack. Advantages of UAVs over manned aircraft systems include eliminating pilot risk, saving money, ... |
|
| Ice Jams, Winter 2001-2002 |
JAN 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| During winter months, ice may form on rivers, lakes, and streams in cold regions. Ice jams forms during initial ice cover formation as the ice accumulates, restricting water flow (freezeup jam), and also when the ice cover breaks apart and begins to move (breakup jam). When rivers become jammed with ice, riverine communities upstream from an ice jam can suffer severe effects as a result of backwater flooding and structural ... |
|
| COUNTERMEASURE: Army Ground Risk-Maangement Information. Volume 23, Number 7, July 2002 |
JUL 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
James E. Simmons; John S. Warren; Mike Cumbie; Melissa Bonds- Wilkins; ARMY SAFETY CENTER FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Partial Contents: DASAF's Corner; Enjoying Summer Activities Safely; Feet and Knees Together; Rucksack Brochure-Pack for Performance; Every Drive Counts; POV - Big Rigs-Respect'em of Suffer the Consequences; USAREC Accident Numbers Going Down; Get Your Cold Weather Equipment Now; Hurricanes; Heat Index; Accident Briefs; Safety Alert Notice on Drownings. |
|
| Off-the-Shelf Antifreeze Admixtures |
APR 2002 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Charles J. Korhonen; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Cold weather places serious constraints on today's concreting operations. As temperatures drop, concrete sets more slowly, takes longer to finish, and gains strength less rapidly. If temperatures dip too low, the risk is that the mixing water will freeze, leading to irreparable damage. Current guidance limits cold-weather protection of fresh concrete to insulation, supplemental heating, and temporary shelters to keep the concrete at or above 5 C throughout the curing ... |
|
| U.S. Military Use of Thermal Manikins in Protective Clothing Research |
APR 2002 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L. Endrusick; Leander A. Stroschein; Richard R. Gonzalez; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The U.S. military has utilized thermal manikins in protective clothing research for nearly 60 years. Prior to their development, the evaluation of textile thermal insulation was limited to one-dimensional, guard-ring flat plates. During WW II, thermal manikins were instrumental in obtaining knowledge of combat clothing ensemble insulation during simulated adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, reports from the various combat theaters regarding the inadequacies of certain clothing components prompted numerous thermal manikin ... |
|
| Prediction of Wind Effects on Cold Protective Clothing |
APR 2002 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Ingvar Holmer; Hakan O. Nilsson; Hannu Anttonen; NATIONAL INST FOR WORKING LIFE UMEAE (SWEDEN)
|
| Cold protective clothing is characterized by its thermal insulation and wind-proof properties. Standard insulation is measured for complete ensembles under static and wind still conditions (ENV-342) Air permeability is measured on the material of the outer layer (ISO-EN-9237). Limited information is available on the interaction of air permeability and thermal insulation under the influence of wind and walking. Ten ensembles comprising 2 to 3-layer combinations with a range of insulation ... |
|
| Human Adaptations to Heat and Cold Stress |
APR 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Michael N. Sawka; John W. Castellani; Kent B. Pandolf; Andrew J. Young; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Heat acclimation consists of adaptations that mitigate physiological strain of heat stress, which improve thermal comfort and exercise capabilities. Adaptations are induced by repeated heat exposures that are sufficiently stressful to elevate core and skin temperatures and elicit perfuse sweating. Most adaptations to daily heat exposure occur during the first four days, and the remainders are complete by three weeks. Heat acclimation mediated adaptations include: lower core temperature, improved sweating ... |
|
| Predicting the Risk of Freezing the Skin |
APR 2002 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ulf Danielsson; SWEDISH DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY STOCKHOLM DEPT OF DEFENSE MEDICINE
|
| It is well known that wind increases the risk of frostbite during exposure in a cold climate. The explanation is that increased airspeeds enhance heat transfer from the body. This effect was quantified by Siple and Passel in the 1940's. They measured the time needed for water, inside a cylinder, to freeze during exposure to various combinations of air speed and temperature. From these data, they developed the so-called windchill ... |
|
| Effects of Hypothermia on Rat Reticuloendothelial Blood Clearance and Particulate Uptake |
MAR 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
David A. DuBose; Candace B. Matthew; David H. Morehuse; James A. Balcius; Ingrid V. Sils; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Casualties resulting from the French and German incursions into Russia during the winters of the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively exemplify cold weather as a strategic element of war. From Valley Forge to the Chosin Reservoir, the U.S. Army has been made aware of the influence of cold weather conditions on soldier health. In times of relative peace, cold weather injuries for troops under training or deployment exceeded 500 cases ... |
|
| Countermeasure: Army Ground Risk Management Information. Volume 22, Number 9, September 2001 |
SEP 2001 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY SAFETY CENTER FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Countermeasure is published monthly by the U.S. Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5363. Information is for accident preventIon purposes only and is specifically prohibIted for use for punItive purposes or matters of liability, lItigation, or competItion. This particular issue contains articles on cold weather injuries, risk management, and accident prevention. |
|
| Off-the-Shelf Antifreeze Admixture for Concrete Initial Laboratory Investigation |
JAN 2001 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Charles J. Korhonen; Sherri A. Orchino; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Set-controlling and water-reducing admixtures conforming to ASTM C 494 were studied for their effect on strength gain of portland cement concrete at below-freezing temperatures. Because standard practice does not limit the number of admixtures that can be used in concrete, the objective was to use as many admixtures as necessary to depress the freezing point of the mix water to - 5 deg C (23 deg F) or below and ... |
|
| Wind Chill: Whole Body vs. Facial Cooling |
06 NOV 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Randall J. Osczevski; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
 | This report examines the question of whether windchill should be calculated as an effect of exposed skin heat transfer or of whole body heat loss. Theory suggests that it is not possible to derive a useful index of windchill based on heat transfer through normal outdoor winter clothing. A test is described that demonstrates that one proposed index, AT, which is based on a clothed, whole body model, does not ... |
|
| Toxicity of Tolyltriazole to Gram-Positive Coccus Microorganisms |
MAR 2000 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Heather L. Mitchell; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Maintaining safe flight operations, military and civilian, in cold weather requires the use of de-icing fluids. Glycols, the primary component of de-icers, have been extensively studied. Water and additives such as corrosion inhibitors and other performance enhancing chemicals make up the remaining portion of de-icing fluids. Little research has been conducted on the additives, but several are suspected toxins to microorganisms, therefore the EPA regulates ... |
|
| Toxicity of Tolyltriazole to Bacillus Microorganisms |
MAR 2000 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Leonard; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| The safety of air travel in cold weather depends upon the use of aircraft deicing fluids (ADAF). The environmental and toxic effects of the ADAF component tolyltriazole are not well understood. Tolyltriazole is a potential human carcinogen and has exhibited microbial toxicity in Microtox test. This research used two methods to investigate the toxicity of tolyltriazole on bacillus shaped microorganisms. The first method compared the ... |
|
| Energy Metabolism in Cold-Stressed Females: Implications for Predictive Modeling (95 Women) |
NOV 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Ira Jacobs; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| Military operations in cold environments have resulted in life- threatening situations if personnel are ill-equipped or unprotected. Prediction of survival time in the cold (ST) is essential for search and rescue purposes, to forecast contingencies for operations in such environments, and to evaluate the potential benefits of innovative equipment/clothing designed to protect the soldier from cold. Mathematical models of ST are based on the magnitude and capacity for increasing metabolic ... |
|
| Optimization of Prepositioned War Reserves: A Savings Through Value Enhancement Project |
SEP 1999 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara A. Daley; Joseph S. Cohen; ARMY SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMAND NATICK MA SOLDIER SYSTEMS CENTER
|
| This is a report on the study of the mix of different Army rations such as Meal, Ready-To-Eat (MRE), Food Packet Long Range Patrol (LRP), and Ration Cold Weather (RCW) to optimize the types and mix of rations purchase for War Reserve to minimize the cost. The restraints studied included the number of rations needed to be propositioned for future military scenarios, the need to maintain the MRE industrial base ... |
|
| Sorption of the Aircraft Deicing Fluid Component Methyl-Benzotriazole inSoil |
MAR 1999 |
216 pages |
| Authors:
David L. Kellner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The air transportation industry requires deicing/anti-icing (ADAF) fluids to maintain flight operations in cold weather conditions. Additives to the ADAF aid in the performance of these agents. Approximately 52M liters of concentrated aircraft deicing fluid are used in North America per year in an attempt to correct this safety problem. Among the additives to ADAF are corrosion inhibitors flame retardants, wetting agents, and thickening agents. ... |
|
| The Effects of Multilayered Military Clothing Ensembles on Body Size: A Pilot Study |
JAN 1999 |
250 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P. Paquette; Henry W. Case; James F. Annis; Teresa L. Mayfield; Shirley Kristensen; ARMY SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMAND NATICK MA
|
| This report documents an attempt to quantify the effects of multiple clothing layers on individual body size in order to provide important information to workspace designers and clothing system developers. Over 90 measurements were taken on an anthropometrically diverse sample of five men or five women. The specific clothing ensembles examines in the study include: Ground Soldier, Aviator-Warm Weather, Aviator-Cold Weather, Combat Vehicle Crewman-Warm Weather and Combat Vehicle Crewman-Cold Weather. ... |
|
| Army Ground Risk-Management Publication, Countermeasure. Volume 19, Number 12. December 1998. Celebrate the Holidays with Risk-Management |
DEC 1998 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY SAFETY CENTER FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Countermeasure is published monthly by the U.S. Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5363. Information is for accident prevention purposes only and is specifically prohibited for use for punitive purposes or matters of liability, litigation or competition. Some topics discussed in this specific issue are winter driving tips for the Holiday season, ski safety, cold weather injuries, hunting safety, tree stand safety tips, and holiday drinking and driving caution. ... |
|
| Energy Metabolism in Cold-Stressed Females: Implications for Predictive Modeling |
OCT 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Ira Jacobs; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| This document is a progress report which describes the results from the second of a series of studies carried out to clarify the extent of gender- related differences in physiological responses to cold stress, and to evaluate the potential implications for survival time in the cold. Specifically, this study was designed to compare substrate utilization during light (LI) and moderate (MI) exercise performed in both cold and comfortable ambient temperatures. ... |
|
| Thermal Protection in Small Boat Special Operations |
MAR 1998 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
J. R. Thomas; D. Hyde; J. Schrot; K. Prusaczyk; J. Holt; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Thermal extremes can have a significant impact on mission performance. Small boat operations present unique thermal protection problems due to the combinations of cold temperature, high wind speed, and water exposure. Successful mission performance requires the most satisfactory thermal protection available. The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) identified a need to evaluate the suitability of thermal protection garments currently in use in small boat operations during cold-weather exposures (USSOCOM ... |
|
| A Hierarchical Neural Network Based Data Processing System for Ground- Penetrating Radar. An End of Year Report for CH/1049/6: Application of Neural Networks Coupled With Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Soil Cleanup Operations in Cold Climates |
DEC 1997 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Sullivan; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a powerful modern tool to examine the structure and properties of the media below the ground surface within a depth of 30 meters. This study is very important for the environmental problems related to the transport of contaminants in ground waters. Successful GPR profiling of the subsurface media yielding the correct information about the distribution of permafrost, water table, and bedrock depths is the key factor ... |
|
| Developing New Low-Temperature Admixtures for Concrete. A Field Evaluation |
APR 97 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Korhonen; Brian Charest; Kurt Romisch; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Two new admixtures, capable of preventing water from freezing, as well as increasing the hydration rate of cement at below-freezing temperatures, were field tested at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Concrete made with the admixtures was placed on a frozen subgrade during a cold winter day and was allowed to cure thermally, unprotected in the cold. Comparison to control concrete placed inside a heated shelter showed that the unprotected, admixtured concrete ... |
|
| Real-Time Thermal Risk Assessment for the Dismounted Soldier |
MAR 97 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Gary McWilliams; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| This report discusses a real-time thermal risk assessment system for the dismounted soldier. This system has been jointly developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. It is capable of providing work-to-rest ratios, water consumption requirements, and cold survival times that can be used to help prevent soldiers from becoming hyperthermic or hypothermic. The information can be generated over a region the ... |
|
| The Effects of Cold Weather on Tactical Operations |
01 JAN 1997 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Paul D. West; John V. Farr; Gregory S. Fortier; Kevin D. Lilly; Gerald D. Ingalls; MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY
|
| The study of weather effects on tactical military operations has focused almost exclusively on human factor; with the majority of those efforts addressing the effects of hot temperatures. Considerably less effort has been devoted to man/machine factors, and less yet to integration of known weather effects into commonly used training and analysis simulations. Through a survey of human factors studies, exploration into cold weather effects in a combat simulation, the ... |
|
| Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research |
97 |
714 pages |
| Authors:
Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry; Rebecca B. Costello; NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON DC COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION R ESEARCH
|
| This publication, Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research: Potential for Assessing Military Performance Capability, is the latest in a series of reports based on workshops sponsored by the Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Other workshops or symposia have included such topics as food components to enhance performance; nutritional needs in hot, cold, and high-altitude environments; body ... |
|
| Hypohydration and Thermoregulation in Cold Air |
1997 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine O'Brien; Andrew J. Young; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air. J. App 1. Physiol. 84(1): 185-189, 1998.This study examined the effects of hypohydration on thermoregulation during cold exposure. In addition, the independent influences of hypohydration-associated hypertonicity and hypovolemia were investigated. Nine male volunteers were monitored for 30 min at 250C, then for 120 min at 70C, under three counterbalanced conditions: euhydration (Eu), hypertonic hypohydration (HH), and isotonic hypohydration (IH). Hypohydration was achieved 12 h ... |
|
| Thermal Mannikin Testing of Prototype Combat Vehicle Crewman Cold Weather Jackets |
OCT 96 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret A. Auerbach; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA
|
| This report compares the thermal performance of two experimental flame-resistant (FR) battings (82% P84/18% polyester and 75% Curlon (r)/25% polyester) constructed into prototype combat vehicle crewman (CVC) cold weatherjackets with the standard jacket, which uses Nomex(r) batting. Prototype jackets were tested on a thermal mannikin along with the standard CVC cold weatherjackets, both before and after laundering. The prototype jackets containing these experimental battings exhibited comparable thermal properties to the ... |
|
| Evaluation of a BMW Motorcycle Suit for Use by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Beoordeling motorpak BMW ten behoeve van de Koninklijke Marechaussee) |
23 SEP 96 |
|
| Authors:
G. Havenith; J. A. Kistemaker; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH INST TNO SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS)
|
| By request of DMKL, department BVC&PGU, a motorcycle suit brand BMW, which was adapted for use by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, was tested for rain protection, cold protection (winter), heat load (summer), ergonomics and visibility. For this purpose the suit was exposed in a laboratory situation to rain combined with wind, to a climate of -8 degrees Centigrade with wind, and 27 degrees Centigrade with sun respectively. It was also ... |
|
| U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) Field Assistance in Science and Technology-Jr. (FAST-JR) Project: Arctic Troop Cover (ATC) |
NOV 95 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Condon; Peter J. Fazio; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The present troop cover for the 2.5-ton (M35A2) truck is an outdated design that is heavy and difficult to handle in the extreme cold weather of the arctic environment. The 2.5-ton truck is being replaced by the 5-ton (M923/ M939A2) truck, which at present has no provision for an arctic troop enclosure. There now exists a need for an arctic specification troop enclosure for the 5- ton truck that does ... |
|
| Effects on Scrubber Endurance of Storing Soda Lime in CF Rebreathers |
NOV 95 |
|
| Authors:
David J. Eaton; DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO)
|
| Canadian Forces divers using rebreather diving apparatus are currently restricted to pre-dive preparation times of only 6 hours. A proposal was made to increase this time to 7 days. Theoretically, this was possible; however, no empirical data were available to indicate that the chemical carbon dioxide absorbent could survive an extended storage period in Canadian Forces rebreathers. Consequently, the Experimental Diving Unit of the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental ... |
|
| Sensible Heat Flux Measurements Near a Cold Surface. |
OCT 1995 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Yin-Chao Yen; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| A unidirectional sonic anemometer with a fine wire thermocouple in conjunction with a hot film anemometer were employed to measure the turbulent fluctuating velocities of w', u' and the fluctuating temperature T'. Covariances were evaluated to compute the turbulent heat flux and the friction velocity. Based on preliminary data, it can be noted that the values of fluctuating vertical velocity and temperature, the friction velocity, and the standard deviations of ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 1, Number 7, October 1995 |
Oct-1995 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
John F Brundage; ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| After six months of the MSMR, it is time to share some observations. First, we instituted the military MMWR based on strong perceptions of demand for such a product. Our perceptions have been validated. We appreciate the congratulations, complements, and widespread encouragement. Just as much, we value the constructive criticisms. We need feedback, both positive and negative, to continuously improve the quality and refine the focus of the MSMR. Second, ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
COLD WEATHER
