| A Novel Method for Determining the Level of Viable Disseminated Prostate Cancer Cells |
Oct 2012 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn E Lupold; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
 | This project seeks to determine whether conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) reporters can be exploited to detect viable and tissue-specific circulating tumor cells in the blood of patients with localized or metastatic prostate cancer. The approach specifically applies secreted reporters that are expressed under the control of the adenovirus Major Late Transcriptional Unit (MLTU) to limit reporter expression to only those cells in which the CRAd has replicated and to separate ... |
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| Development of Technologies for Early Detection and Stratification of Breast Cancer |
Oct 2012 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
David R Walt; Daniel Chiu; Charlotte Kuperwasser; Gail Sonenshein; Rachel Buchsbaum; TUFTS UNIV MEDFORD MA
|
| The overall goal of this work is to develop ultra-sensitive detection techniques to identify a panel of new biomarkers and indicators with diagnostic and predictive value in breast cancer. During year 1, we identified candidate breast cancer biomarkers and developed ultra-sensitive assays for several of them. Two different miRNA single molecule assay approaches have also been investigated and both showed promise for achieving similar ultrasensitive data using miRNA as targets. ... |
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| Detection of Non-hazardous, Fluorescent Ricin-B Via an Immunoassay on Simulated Plastic Wings |
Sep 2012 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Glenn Beatty; Asha Hall; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE
|
| As a schedule 1 controlled substance, ricin is one of the deadliest plant toxins in existence, and also one of the most easily weaponizable. This combination has resulted in a recent surge of studies proposing new and improved methods of detecting ricin, primarily involving aqueous phase immunoassays. Successive methods report higher binding affinities and correspondingly lower detection limits, but little research has addressed the potential for new modes of implementation, ... |
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| Integrated Device for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture, Characterization, and Lens-Free Microscopy |
Aug 2012 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Changhuei Yang; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| For this project, we aim to develop and integrate two highly innovative new technologies to capture and characterize circulating tumor cells found in the blood of patients with breast cancer. The first is a highly innovative cell capture technology for blood and other body fluids based on a microfluidics microchip technology. The second is an entirely new imaging technology for performing wide field of viewing microscopy imaging. The resulting device ... |
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| An Axisymmetric View of Concentric Eyewall Evolution in Hurricane Rita (2005) |
Aug 2012 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Michael M Bell; Michael T Montgomery; Wen-Chau Lee; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Multiplatform observations of Hurricane Rita (2005) were collected as part of the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) field campaign during a concentric eyewall stage of the storm's life cycle that occurred during 21-22 September. Satellite, aircraft, dropwindsonde, and Doppler radar data are used here to examine the symmetric evolution of the hurricane as it underwent eyewall replacement. During the approximately 1-day observation period, developing convection associated with the ... |
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| Design of a Free-running, 1/30th Froude Scaled Model Destroyer for In-situ Hydrodynamic Flow Visualization |
01 Jun 2012 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
David M Cope; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| Hydrodynamic flow visualization techniques of scaled hull forms and propellers are typically limited to isolating certain operating conditions in a tow tank, circulation tunnel, or large maneuvering basin. Although cost effective, these tests provide a limited perspective on the interactions of the entire system. Full-scale testing, other the other hand, provides real world data but is costly. In between, a Froude scaled, free-running model of an existing hull form controls ... |
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| An Introduction to the Special Issue on Internal Waves |
Jun 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Louis St Laurent; Matthew H Alford; Terri Paluszkiewicz; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| This special issue of Oceanography presents a survey of recent work on internal waves in the ocean. The undersea analogue to the surface waves we see breaking on beaches, internal waves play an important role in transferring heat energy, and momentum in the ocean. When they break, the turbulence they produce is a vital aspect of the ocean's meridional overturning circulation. Numerical circulation models must parameterize internal waves and their ... |
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| Improved Round Trip Efficiency for Regenerative Fuel Cell Systems |
11 May 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine E Ayers; PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS INC WALLINGFORD CT
|
| In developing technology for air independent undersea vehicle missions, a ground-test breadboard system was adapted and utilized to prove advanced components that enable closed-loop, zero emission, low signature energy storage. The system utilizes proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and electrolysis technology with proven commercial reliability, and a balance-of-plant primarily consisting of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Initial durability testing measured the magnitude of reactant loss to the ambient atmosphere, before replacing ... |
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| A First Look at the Structure of the Wave Pouch during the 2009 PREDICT-GRIP Dry Runs over the Atlantic |
Apr 2012 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Zhuo Wang; Michael T Montgomery; Cody Fritz; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
|
| In support of the National Science Foundation Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the tropics (NSF PREDICT) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (NASA GRIP) dry run exercises and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Intensity Forecast Experiment (NOAA IFEX) during the 2009 hurricane season a real-time wave-tracking algorithm and corresponding diagnostic analyses based on a recently proposed tropical cyclogenesis model were applied to tropical easterly ... |
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| Does Glucagon Improve Survival in a Porcine (Sus Scrofa) of Adult Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Addition to Standard Epinephrine Therapy? |
17 Jan 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Thompson; Justin Williams; Vikhyat Bebarta; Bryan Jordan; Doug Alfar; Chris Hanson; Andiry Batchinsky; Stephen Paulson; John McManus; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
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| There is no difference in the rate of return to spontaneous circulation between treatment with epinephrine versus glucagon or glucagon plus epinephrine. 24 female swine 30-50kg were sedated with IV anesthesia, and instrumented (continuous aortic diastolic pressure via Millar transducer and Swan-Ganz catheter placed in pulmonary artery). Endotracheal tube was clamped. Four minutes post loss of arterial pressure, CPR was initiated via LUCAS device. We were able to create a ... |
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| 5-AED Enhances Survival of Irradiated Mice in a G-CSF-Dependent Manner, Stimulates Innate Immune Cell Function, Reduces Radiation-induced DNA Damage and Induces Genes that Modulate Cell Cycle Progression and Apoptosis |
Jan 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Marcy B Grace; Vijay K Singh; Juong G Rhee; III Jackson William E; Tzu-Cheg Kao; Mark H Whitnall; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| The steroid androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol (5-androstenediol, 5-AED) elevates circulating granulocytes and platelets in animals and humans, and enhances survival during the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mice and non-human primates. 5-AED promotes survival of irradiated human hematopoietic progenitors in vitro through induction of Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NFkappaB)-dependent Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) expression, and causes elevations of circulating G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the in vivo cellular and molecular effects of 5-AED are not ... |
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| Verification and Validation of the Coastal Modeling System. Report 3: CMS-Flow: Hydrodynamics |
Dec 2011 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Alejandro Sanchez; Weiming Wu; Tanya M Beck; Honghai Li; III Rosati James; Robert Thomas; Julie D Rosati; Zeki Demirbilek; Mitchell Brown; Christopher Reed; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| This is the third report, Report 3, in a series of four reports toward the Verification, and Validation (V&V) of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). All details of the V&V study specific to the hydrodynamic modeling are provided in this report. The primary goal of this study task was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the predictive skills of the CMS-Flow model for a wide range of problems encountered in ... |
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| Verification and Validation of the Coastal Modeling System. Report 2: CMS-Wave |
Dec 2011 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Lihwa Lin; Zeki Demirbilek; Rob Thomas; III Rosati James; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| There are four reports documenting the Verification and Validation (V&V) of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS): an executive summary, waves, circulation, and sediment transport/morphodynamics, respectively. This is the second technical report (Report 2) that describes the wave modeling component of the V&V study. The goal of the report was to critically assess both general and special predictive skills of CMS-Wave, a spectral wave model in the CMS developed to address ... |
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| Optimal Combining Data for Improving Ocean Modeling |
30 Sep 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
L I Piterbarg; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES CENTER FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
|
| The long range scientific goals of the proposed research comprise: (1) developing rigorous approaches to optimal combining different kinds of observations (images, ADCP, HFR, glider, drifters etc) with output of regional circulation models for accurate estimating the upper ocean velocity field, subsurface thermohaline structure, and mixing characteristics (2) constructing computationally efficient and robust estimation algorithms based on alternative parameterizations of uncertainty and comprehensive testing them on synthetic data (3) processing ... |
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| Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Dynamics and Predictability of MJO's |
30 Sep 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Hyodae Seo; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Our long-term goal is to develop a coupled ocean-atmosphere model that has significant and quantified skill in predicting the evolution of Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJO s), which is highly relevant to ONR long-term objectives. This requires developing a better understanding of the sensitivities of the atmospheric circulation associated with MJO s to small-scale SST anomalies, regional-scale SST anomalies, the diurnal cycle, surface waves, upper-ocean mixing, and various other aspects of ocean-atmosphere ... |
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| Shipboard LADCP/chipod Profiling of Internal Wave Structure and Dissipation in the Luzon Strait |
30 Sep 2011 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan D Nash; James N Moum; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| We seek a more complete and fundamental understanding of the hierarchy of processes which transfer energy and momentum from large scales, feed the internal wavefield, and ultimately dissipate through turbulence. This cascade impacts the acoustic, optical, and biogeochemical properties of the water column, and feeds back to alter the larger scale circulation. Studies within the Ocean Mixing Group at OSU emphasize observations, innovative sensor / instrumentation development and integration, and ... |
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| Using NOGAPS Singular Vectors to Diagnose Large-scale Influences on Tropical Cyclogenesis |
30 Sep 2011 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sharanya J Majumdar; Melinda S Peng; Carolyn A Reynolds; James D Doyle; Chun-Chieh Wu; David S Nolan; MIAMI UNIV FL ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
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| The overarching goal is to improve our understanding of synoptic-scale influences on tropical cyclone (TC) formation and motion in the western North Pacific Ocean, in the context of error growth in forecast models. Benefits to the Navy would include improved forecast skill of the structure and track of developing and recurving TCs. The first objective is to connect Singular Vector (SV) and ensemble perturbation growth to synopticscale dynamical influences on ... |
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| Continental Shelf Embayments of the Eastern Margin of the Philippines; Lamon Bay Stratification & Circulation |
30 Sep 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold L Gordon; LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY
|
| Long Term Goals: To investigate the circulation, stratification and the Shelf-Slope interaction, and the resultant ocean productivity, within a major embayment, Lamon Bay, of the eastern margin of the Philippines. Objectives: The research objectives of the Lamon Bay program is to quantity the spatial and temporal characteristics of the ocean processes governing the stratification & circulation within Lamon Bay and their relationship to regional marine productivity and ecosystems and to ... |
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| Understanding the Global Distribution of Monsoon Depressions |
30 Sep 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
William R Boos; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT
|
| This project aims to improve the understanding of cyclonic storms called monsoon depressions, which play an important role in the meteorology of the tropical and subtropical eastern hemisphere and serve as precursors for typhoons in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. The work undertaken here serves as part of a broader effort to better understand and predict tropical cyclogenesis and the variability of monsoon climates in Asia, Australia, Africa, and ... |
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| Characterization of Mesoscale Predictability |
30 Sep 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Dale R Durran; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| One of the major efforts in the atmospheric sciences has been to develop and implement forecast models and to improve their parameterization of unresolved physical processes (boundary-layer transport, cloud microphysics ). For the last three decades, the relatively pessimistic predictions of Lorenz (1969) about the predictability of small-scale (i.e., mesoscale) atmospheric features have been largely ignored as routine weather forecasts were conducted at increasingly fine scale. Recent research suggests there ... |
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| Wave-Current Interaction in Coastal Inlets and River Mouths |
30 Sep 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Tim T Janssen; Thomas H Herbers; SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV CA
|
| The wave-driven dynamics of coastal areas are important for circulation and mixing, transport processes, and accessibility by vessels. The long-term goal of this study is to improve our understanding, observational capability, and model representation of wave-current interaction in complex coastal inlets, and determine the role of nonlinearity and inhomogeneity on wave statistics in such areas. The specific objectives of this study are to: 1) develop observational capability using wave- and ... |
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| Wave-Mud Interactions Across the Louisiana Inner Shelf to the Shoreline |
30 Sep 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Tim T Janssen; SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV CA
|
| The wave-driven dynamics of the coastal ocean, which is important for transport processes, mixing and circulation, is strongly affected by mud deposits on the continental shelf and in the nearshore. However, the mechanics of wave-mud interaction and the impacts on coastal wave dynamics is not well understood. The overall objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the macroscale damping effects of mud on waves and to ... |
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| DARLA: Data Assimilation and Remote Sensing for Littoral Applications |
30 Sep 2011 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew T Jessup; Chris Chickadel; Gordon Farquharson; Jim Thomson; Robert A Holman; Merrick Haller; Alexander Kuropov; Tuba Ozkan-Haller; Steve Elgar; Britt Raubenheimer; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| Our long-term goal is to use remote sensing observations to constrain a data assimilation model of wave and circulation dynamics in an area characterized by a river mouth or tidal inlet and surrounding beaches. As a result of this activity, we will improve environmental parameter estimation via remote sensing fusion, determine the success of using remote sensing data to drive DA models, and produce a dynamically consistent representation of the ... |
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| Sediment Transport at Density Fronts in Shallow Water |
30 Sep 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David K Ralston; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The goal of this research is to quantify through observations and modeling how density fronts in shallow estuarine flows impact the mobilization, redistribution, trapping, and deposition of suspended sediment. The objectives of this research program are to - implement a high-resolution, 3-dimensional, finite-volume hydrodynamic model of tidal flats field site including advanced sediment transport algorithms, - integrate and test a set of field instruments to measure density, velocity, and suspended ... |
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| Lagrangian Coherent Structures in Tropical Cyclone Intensification |
21 Sep 2011 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
B Rutherford; G Dangelmayr; M T Montgomery; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Recent work has suggested that tropical cyclones intensify via a pathway of rotating deep moist convection in the presence of enhanced fluxes of moisture from the ocean. The rotating deep convective structures possessing enhanced cyclonic vorticity within their cores have 5 been dubbed Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs). In general, the interaction between VHTs and the system-scale vortex, as well as the corresponding evolution of equivalent potential temperature theta(sub e) that ... |
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| Assessment of the Effects of Air-Sea-Land Interaction Processes on the Intensity and Impact of Modelled and Observed Coastal Extratropical Cyclones |
08 Sep 2011 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
W L Peirson; T D Shand; J E Ruprecht; J Evans; R J Cox; NEW SOUTH WALES UNIV MANLY VALE (AUSTRALIA) WATER RESEARCH LAB
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| This investigation compares observed values with global circulation model (GCM) predictions of those atmospheric forcing variables relevant to coastal flooding prediction. Both reanalysis and predictive GCMs models are investigated. While the limitations of these models in representing tropical storms are well established, in this investigation we have completed an assessment of their performance in more temperate regions as a function of latitude along the eastern United States and Australian coasts. ... |
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| The Genesis of Typhoon Nuri as Observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) Field Experiment. Part 2: Observations of the Convective Environment |
01 Aug 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T Montgomery; Roger K Smith; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Analyses of thermodynamic data gathered from airborne dropwindsondes during the Tropical Cyclone Structure (2008) experiment are presented for the disturbance that became Typhoon Nuri. Although previous work has suggested that Nuri formed within the protective recirculating ?pouch? region of a westward propagating wave-like disturbance and implicated rotating deep convective clouds in driving the inflow to spin up the tangential circulation of the system-scale flow, the nature of the thermodynamic environment ... |
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| Integrated Device for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture, Characterization, and Lens-Free Microscopy |
Aug 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Changhuei Yang; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA W M KECK LAB
|
| For this project, we aim to develop and integrate two highly innovative new technologies to capture and characterize circulating tumor cells found in the blood of patients with breast cancer. The first is a highly innovative cell capture technology for blood and other body fluids based on a microfluidics microchip technology. The second is an entirely new imaging technology based on a lens-free holographic scanning. The resulting device will ultimately ... |
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| Exploitation of Nontraditional Corp, Yacon, in Breast Cancer Prevention Using Preclinical Rat Model |
Jul 2011 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Weiqin Jiang; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| Yacon has recently been introduced into farmer's markets and natural food stores in the US, but its preventive activity for breast cancer has rarely been evaluated. Objective are to determine the effect of dietary yacon on 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary carcinogenesis in rat; to evaluate the circulating factors and their association with the carcinogenesis; and to determine cellular signaling pathways HDAC and downstream targets - AMPK/Akt-mTOR and ghrelin-IGF1 axis. Mammary ... |
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| Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Targeted Imaging |
Jul 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Animesh Barua; RUSH UNIV MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
|
| Because of the lack of an effective early detection method, OVCA in most cases are detected at late stages when the rate of 5-year survival is 10%. Although transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the currently favored method, it cannot detect OVCA at early stage due to its limited resolution. Tumor related malignant nuclear transformation is an earlier event in tumor development which leads to the development of anti-Nuclear Matrix Proteins (NMP) ... |
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| Inflammatory Markers and Breast Cancer Risk |
Jul 2011 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda Diergaarde; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| Mammographic breast density is one of the strongest known risk factors for breast cancer, and a marker of cancer risk for both breasts. Women with dense tissue in more than 75% of the breast have been shown to be at a 4-5 fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women who have mostly fatty breasts. Greater breast density also affects mammographic sensitivity for breast cancer; mammographic sensitivity declines significantly ... |
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| An Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic and Fluid Dynamic Characteristics of a Circulation-Controlled Airfoil |
13 May 2011 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Drew Wetzel; Louis Cattafesta; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| The purpose of this investigation is to experimentally identify and characterize the flow field and corresponding noise sources of a circulation control airfoil. Flow and acoustic data are obtained for a dual-slotted, elliptic circulation control airfoil in an anechoic wind tunnel. The effect of single-slot blowing on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil and the flow field is evaluated. Noise sources are identified for a variety of test conditions, and ... |
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| Investigating MUC1/ICAM-1 Binding Induced Signaling in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
May 2011 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Ashlyn Bernier; ALBERTA UNIV EDMONTON
|
| Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Canadian women. To metastasize, cells must move through the stroma of the breast, enter the circulation, survive transit, exit the circulation, and form a secondary tumor. It is not fully understood how breast cancer cells gain the ability to move or what signaling pathways mediate these events, and identification of critical components of these pathways would represent potential targets ... |
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| Near-Inertial Wave Studies Using Historical Mooring Records and a High-Resolution General Circulation Model |
25 Apr 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew H Alford; Harper Simmons; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Knowledge of internal waves and ocean mixing is important f()r advancing the performance of operational and climate models, as well as for understanding local problems such as pollutant dispersal and biological productivity. Consequently, a long-term goal of the oceanographic community has been to develop a global internal wave prediction system analogous to systems already in place for surfuce waves. Early steps have been accomplished with simulations of internal tides at ... |
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| Sub-mesoscale Ocean State Estimation in Shelf/Slope Regions Using Variational Data Assimilation to Integrate Ocean Observing System Data: Application to SW06 |
15 APR 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Javier Zavala-Garay; John L. Wilkin; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK NJ INST OF MARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE
|
| The long term goal is to develop a robust ocean prediction system for the North East US coast that efficiently exploits all the available observational platforms combined with the Regional Modeling System (ROMS). The system is now operating in real-time and forecasts of the state of the ocean six days in the future are posted daily at www.myroms.org/espresso. The project summarized here supported: (i) development of the prognostic part of ... |
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| Estimating Uncertainties in Bio-Optical Products Derived from Satellite Ocean Color Imagery Using an Ensemble Approach |
Jan 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Gould Richard W; Sean C McCarthy; Igor Shulman; Emanuel Coelho; James Richman; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| We propose a methodology to quantify errors and produce uncertainty maps for satellite-derived ocean color bio-optical products using ensemble simulations. Ensemble techniques have been used by the environmental numerical modeling community to propagate initialization, forcing, and algorithm error sources through-out the full simulation process, but similar approaches have not yet been applied to satellite optical properties. Uncertainties in retrievals of bio-optical properties from satellite ocean color imagery are related to ... |
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| Tissue and Circulating Expression of IL-1 Family Members Following Heat Stroke |
Jan 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Bryan G Helwig; Lisa R Leon; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is thought to have a significant role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke (HS), although little is known regarding the actions or expression patterns of the IL-1 family. This study tested the hypotheses that following HS IL-1 family gene expression is dynamic, while loss of IL-1 signaling enhances recovery. IL-1 family expression was determined in plasma, spleen, and liver from C57BL/6J mice (n = 24 control, n = ... |
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| What is Required to Model the Global Ocean Circulation? |
Jan 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James G Richman; Prasad G Thoppil; Patrick J Hogan; Alan J Wallcraft; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Simulating and forecasting the circulation of the global ocean is a difficult task. The present generation of high-resolution ocean circulation models, with horizontal resolution of 1/10, appears to be deficient in kinetic energy when compared with long-term observations. A series of near-twin experiments, using the global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) with identical atmospheric forcing, but varying in horizontal resolution and assimilation of altimetric steric height anomalies, show significant improvement ... |
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| Chemistry-Climate Model Simulations of Twenty-First Century Stratospheric Climate and Circulation Changes |
15 Oct 2010 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Neal Butchart; I Cionni; V Eyring; T G Shepherd; D W Waugh; H Akiyoshi; J Austin; C Bruehl; M P Chipperfield; E Cordero; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| The response of stratospheric climate and circulation to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone recovery in the twenty-first century is analyzed in simulations of 11 chemistry climate models using near-identical forcings and experimental setup. In addition to an overall global cooling of the stratosphere in the simulations (0.59 +/- 6 0.07 K decade(exp -1) at 10 hPa), ozone recovery causes a warming of the Southern Hemisphere polar lower ... |
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| Hydrodynamics in Shallow Estuaries with Complex Bathymetry and Large Tidal Ranges |
30 SEP 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen G. Monismith; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| Out interest is in understanding how stratification, turbulence, and circulation interact in estuarine flows. It is our hypothesis that the role of stratification in suppressing turbulence is central to this interaction. Thus, a major focus of our work is in finding simple relationships (if possible) connecting local flow conditions to turbulence state and turbulent fluxes. We are also interested in using field data from complex estuarine flows to test circulation ... |
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| Role of the QBO in Modulating the Influence of the 11 Year Solar Cycle on the Atmosphere Using Constant Forcings |
21 Sep 2010 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Katja Matthes; Daniel R Marsh; Rolando R Garcia; Douglas E Kinnison; Fabrizio Sassi; Stacy Walters; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We present a set of six 20 year experiments made with a state of the art chemistry-climate model that incorporates the atmosphere from the surface to the lower thermosphere. The response of the middle atmosphere to the 11 year solar cycle, its impact on the troposphere, and especially the role of an externally prescribed stratospheric quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) is investigated with NCAR s Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3). ... |
|
| Exploitation of Nontraditional Crop, Yacon, in Breast Cancer Prevention Using Preclinical Rat Model |
JUL 2010 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Weiqin Jiang; Zongjian Zhu; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| Yacon has recently been introduced into farmer's markets and natural food stores in the US, but its preventive activity for breast cancer has rarely been evaluated. Objective are to determine the effect of dietary yacon on 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary carcinogenesis in rat; to evaluate the circulating factors and their association with the carcinogenesis; and to determine cellular signaling pathways ? HDAC and downstream targets - AMPK/Akt-mTOR and ghrelin-IGF1 axis. ... |
|
| Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans |
Jan 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David R Tribble; Shahida Baqar; Daniel A Scott; Michael L Oplinger; Fernando Trespalacios; David Rollins; Richard L Walker; John D Clements; Steven Walz; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| A human Campylobacter jejuni infection model provided controlled exposure to assess vaccine efficacy and investigate protective immunity for this important diarrheal pathogen. A well-characterized outbreak strain, C.jejuni 81-176, was investigated using a volunteer experimental infection model to evaluate the dose range and duration ol' protection. healthy Campylobacter-seronegntive adults received C. jejuni strain 81-176 via oral inoculation of 105 , 107 , or 109 CFU (5 adults/dose), which was followed hy ... |
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| Persian Gulf Response to a Wintertime Shamal Wind Event |
Jan 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Prasad G Thoppil; Patrick C Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The results from a approx. 1 km resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), forced by 1/2 deg Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) atmospheric data, were used in order to study the dynamic response of the Persian Gulf to wintertime shamal forcing. Shamal winds are strong northwesterly winds that occur in the Persian Gulf area behind southeast moving cold fronts. The period from 20 November to 5 December 2004 ... |
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| Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging Adenovirus 14 Associated Respiratory Disease in the United States |
Jan 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Adriana E Kajon; Xiaoyan Lu; Dean D Erdman; Janice Louie; David Schnurr; Kirsten St George; Marion P Koopmans; Taslim Allibhai; David Metzgar; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| First isolated in the Netherlands in 1955 during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among military recruits, human adenovirus 14 (HAdV-14) has historically been considered a rare respiratory HAdV. With no precedent of circulation in North America, HAdV-14 has been isolated in the United States since 2003 from military and civilian cases of ARD of variable severity. Genomic analysis of isolates representing different locations and circulation dates showed all ... |
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| Community Sediment Transport Modeling, National Ocean Partnership Program |
Dec-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Timothy R Keen; W R Geyer; Christopher R Sherwood; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
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 | The goal of the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) was to produce an open-source model that couples hydrodynamics (circulation and waves), sediment transport, and morphodynamics. The model is intended to be used as both a research tool and for practical applications. An accurate and useful model requires coupling sediment-transport with hydrodynamic forcing and stratigraphic evolution. Ultimately, the modeling system will consist of interoperable modules, conforming to a community-accepted standard ... |
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| Clarification on the Generation of Absolute and Potential Vorticity in Mesoscale Convective Vortices |
12 Oct 2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
R J Conzemius; M T Montgomery; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
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| In this paper, we clarify several outstanding issues concerning the predominant mechanism of vorticity generation in mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in weak to modest baroclinic environments with nonzero Coriolis parameter. We examine also the corresponding diabatic heating profiles of the convective and stratiform components of the MCS and their effects on the concentration and dilution of PV substance. |
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| Development of a Relocatable Coastal Forecast System - Korean Coast Application |
09-Oct-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Yifei P Chu; Cheryl A Blain; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
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| The goal is to fulfill the US Navy's need for a relocatable, robust operational coastal forecast system by developing and transitioning a high-resolution, coastal circulation model into the Naval Oceanographic Office's operational environment. The coastal circulation model undergoing transition is a three-dimensional, finite-element based hydrodynamic model, the Advanced Circulation Model for Shelves, Coastal Seas, and Estuaries (ADCIRC). Its unstructured grid allows modeling complex coastal regions at fine spatial scale. Scripts ... |
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| Internal Tide Generation by Tall Ocean Ridges |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Paula E Mondragon; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Internal tides are internal waves of tidal period generated by tidal currents owing over submarine topography. Tall ridges that are nominally two-dimensional (2-D) are sites of particularly strong generation. The subsequent dissipation of internal tides contributes to ocean mixing, thereby playing an important role in the circulation of the ocean. Strong internal tides can also evolve into internal wave solitons, which aect acoustic communication, oshore structures and submarine navigation. This ... |
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| Low-Latitude Western North Atlantic Climate Variability During the Past Millennium: Insights from Proxies and Models |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Casey P Saenger; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Estimates of natural climate variability during the past millennium provide a frame of reference in which to assess the significance of recent changes. This thesis investigates new methods of reconstructing low-latitude sea surface temperature (SST) and hydrography, and combines these methods with traditional techniques to improve the present understanding of western North Atlantic climate variability. A new strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) - SST calibration is derived for Atlantic Montastrea corals. This calibration ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
CIRCULATION
