| Individual Differences in Cerebral Cortical Activity During Stress: Understanding and Intervention to Enhance Shooting Performance |
30-Apr-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley D Hatfield; Amy J Haufler; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION AND ADVANCEMENT
|
 | The purpose of this project was to examine the efficacy of neurofeedback training to promote emotion regulation during cognitive-motor performance under conditions of mental stress. The model is predicated on the notion that relative left frontal activation is indicative of an adaptive mood state reflective of task engagement. In Phase 1, participants (ROTC candidates) were exposed to competitive mental stress to determine the manner in which brain (i.e., cerebral cortical) ... |
|
| Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Active Duty Military (BALSAM) |
Feb-2009 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
David Millhorn; John Schlager; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| To compare serum samples from individuals diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to serum samples from matched individuals who did not develop ALS. In this study we aim to identify candidate serum biomarkers that are unique for ALS and identify a subset of diagnostic serum biomarkers for early detection of ALS prior to the appearance of overt symptoms. Scope: The significance of a positive identification of protein biomarkers for ALS ... |
|
| Glutamate Receptor Aptamers and ALS |
Jan-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Li Niu; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
| Excitotoxicity is one of the leading causes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our goal was to develop a novel class of powerful aptamer-based, anti-excitotoxic inhibitors against GluR2Qflip, a key AMPA receptor subunit that controls the calcium permeability and mediates excitotoxicity. An aptamer is a single-stranded nucleic acid that directly inhibits a protein's function by folding into a specific tertiary structure that dictates high-affinity binding to the target protein. To date, ... |
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| Interacting Brain Modules for Memory: An Adaptive Representations Architecture |
01-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Mark A Gluck; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEWARK NJ OPERATIONS RESEARCH CENTER
|
 | An innovative and novel biologically-based computational model of interacting brain modules for memory, using the adaptive representations architecture of Gluck & Myers (1993; see also, 2001, Gateway to Memory: An Introduction to Neural Network Models of the Hippocampus and Learning, MIT Press) has been developed. The approach began with a connectionist-level architecture for the hippocampal region (medial temporal lobe) as a central system for creating optimal and adaptive stimulus representations, ... |
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| Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Active Duty Military (BALSAM) |
22-Feb-2008 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
David E Milhorn; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| Purpose: To compare serum samples from individuals diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to serum samples from matched individuals who did not develop ALS. In this study we aim to identify candidate serum biomarkers that are unique for ALS and identify a subset of diagnostic serum biomarkers for early detection of ALS prior to the appearance of overt symptoms. Scope: The significance of a positive identification of protein biomarkers for ... |
|
| Glutamate Receptor Aptamers and ALS |
01-Jan-2008 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Li Niu; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
|
| Excitotoxicity is one of the leading causes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our goal was to develop a novel class of powerful aptamer-based anti-excitotoxic inhibitors against GluR2Qflip a key AMPA receptor subunit that controls the calcium permeability and mediates excitotoxicity. An aptamer is a single-stranded nucleic acid that directly inhibits a protein's function by folding into a specific tertiary structure that dictates high-affinity binding to the target protein. To date ... |
|
| Cognitive Changes in Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2006 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth M. Heilman; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Many of the neuropsychological changes reported with PD are not typically seen early in the disease. One possible action of dopamine on the cerebral cortex is that of influencing activation within semantic networks. Thus, the goal of this project has been to study the semantic organization of verbal information in PD patients and matched controls, and determine the influence of dopamine on these cognitive processes. Data collected in our healthy ... |
|
| Molecular Analysis of Olfactory Neural Circuits |
21 SEP 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Buck; FRED HUTCHINSON RESEARCH CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| The olfactory system detects odorants that elicit diverse odor perceptions as well as pheromones that stimulate instinctive behaviors. We previously identified a large family of odorant receptors and determined how signals derived from those receptors are organized in the nose and then the olfactory bulb and cortex. To explore neural circuits in higher brain areas that control olfactory perception and behavior, new technologies are needed. We took the first steps ... |
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| Cognitive Changes in Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2005 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth M. Heilman; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Many of the neuropsychological changes reported with PD are not typically seen early in the disease. One possible action of dopamine on the cerebral cortex is that of influencing activation within semantic networks. Thus the goal of this project has been to study the semantic organization of verbal information in PD patients and matched controls and determine the influence of dopamine on these cognitive processes. Data collected in our healthy ... |
|
| The Effects of Repeated Low-Level Sarin Exposure on Muscarinic M1 Receptor Binding, Amyloid Precursor Protein Levels and Neuropathology |
AUG 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Melinda R. Roberson; Julia K. Penwell; Mark R. Reynolds; Robert K. Kan; John H. McDonough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The objective of this study was to determine whether there are significant changes in muscarinic M1 receptors (m1AChR), levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and neuropathology following repeated exposure to low levels of sarin. Guinea pigs were exposed 5 days/week/two weeks to either saline or one of two sarin doses. Experimental parameters were assessed at five time points: exposure day 10 (E10) and at 3 (P3), 10 (P10), 30 (P30) ... |
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| Bioenergetic Defects and Oxidative Damage in Transgenic Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders |
JUN 2005 |
297 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Browne; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| The initial three years of this project determined the contributions of bioenergetic defects and oxidative stress to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A Consortium project, "Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Parkinson's Disease", was then incorporated into the grant award (2 years), to assess in vivo whether mitochondria are the source of free radical generation in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies in the original ... |
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| Cognitive Changes in Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth M. Heilman; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Many of the neuropsychological changes reported with PD are not typically seen early in the disease. Therefore, there is a need to develop new cognitive tests of PD that precede the motor symptoms, are easy to administer and are valid early predictors. Moreover, it is important to understand the effect of the dopaminergic system on the cerebral cortex. One possible action of dopamine on the cerebral cortex is that of ... |
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| Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Hemodynamic Changes in the Human Lateral Prefrontal Cortex During Working Memory Tasks |
25 AUG 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Yoko Hoshi; TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT TOKYO (JAPAN)
|
| Although most agree that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in working memory (WM), the localizations of its central executive (CE) and two slave systems are still subject to debate. Both the executive control and active maintenance of stored information are necessary for proper WM performance. It is supposed that regional brain activation attributed to the executive control is sustained throughout the task, while that related to ... |
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| Engineered Autologous Stromal Cells for the Delivery of Kringle 5, a Potent Endothelial Cell Specific Inhibitor, for Anti-Angiogenic Breast Cancer Therapy |
AUG 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Sabrina R. Perri; LADY DAVID INST MONTREAL (QUEBEC)
|
| Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most highly vascularized tumors in humans. Therefore, the development of a potent antiangiogenic gene therapy strategy for brain cancer represents an attractive alternative to existing therapeutic interventions and circumvents the existing pitfalls associated with direct recombinant antiangiogenic protein delivery. Several potent inhibitors of the angiogenic process are known. Amongst them, angiostatin, is a cleavage product of human plasminogen encompassing the first four N-terminal kringle ... |
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| Bioenergetic Defects and Oxidative Damage in Transgenic Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders |
MAY 2004 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Browne; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| The initial three years of this project determined the contributions of bioenergetic defects and oxidative stress to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as previously reported. The current report period covers the second year of work on the Consortium project "Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Parkinson's Disease", which was appended to the original grant number. This project is to assess in vivo whether mitochondria are the ... |
|
| A Neuroprosthesis System Utilizing Optical Spatial Feedback Control |
19 MAR 2004 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
SPATIAL INTEGRATED SYSTEMS INC ROCKVILLE MD
|
| The development of a neuroprosthesis system utilizing spatial feedback control is presented in this project final report. During this phase, the RobotEyes (TradeMark) Functional Electrical Stimulation System (REFES) was developed as an intelligent vision based system. The system has capabilities in image capture and processing within a related small working environment. The working environment can be a fixed working table or a platform that satisfies varied conditions. The successful development ... |
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| Neuroprotective Effects of Opioid-Like Hibernation Factors in Cerebral Ischemia |
MAR 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter R. Oeltgen; KENTUCKY UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION LEXINGTON
|
| We have shown that infusions of opioid-like hibernation factors can provide ischemic protection in vivo and in vitro. in a mouse cerebral ischemia model, we showed a marked reduction in cerebral infarct volume and behavioral deficits when Deltophins-A, D and Dermorphin-H were infused 1 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Using mice deficient in either neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) or endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase, we showed that only endothelial ... |
|
| Perception and Neural Coding of Harmonic Fusion in Ferrets |
2004 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Sridhar Kalluri; Shihab Shamma; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK INST FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
|
| The cortical neural correlates for the perception of harmonic sounds have remained a puzzle despite intense study over several decades. This study approached the problem from the point of view of the spectral fusion evoked by such sounds. Experiment 1 tested whether ferrets automatically fuse harmonic complex tones. In baseline sessions, three ferrets were trained to detect a pure tone terminating a sequence of inharmonic complex tones. After the ferrets ... |
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| Bone Geometry as a Predictor of Tissue Fragility and Stress Fracture Risk |
OCT 2003 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Karl J. Jepsen; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Having a narrow tibia relative to body mass has been shown to be a major predictor of stress fracture risk and fragility. The reason for this phenomenon is not understood. Based on studies of genetically distinct inbred mouse strains, we found a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and bone quality, such that slender bones are associated with more damageable bone tissue. We postulate that a similar reciprocal relationship between bone ... |
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| Bioenergetic Defects and Oxidative Damage in Transgenic Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders |
MAY 2003 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Browne; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| The initial three years of this project determined the contributions of bioenergetic defects and oxidative stress to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HE)) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as previously reported. The current report period includes the first eleven months of work on the Consortium project "Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Parkinson's Disease", assessing in vivo whether mitochondria are the source of free radical generation in animal models of Parkinson's disease ... |
|
| Bone Geometry as a Predictor of Tissue Fragility and Stress Fracture Risk |
OCT 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Karl J. Jepsen; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Having a narrow tibia relative to body mass has been shown to be a major predictor of stress fracture risk and fragility. The reason for this phenomenon is not understood. Based on studies of genetically distinct inbred mouse strains, we found a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and bone quality, such that slender bones are associated with more damageable bone tissue. We postulate that a similar reciprocal relationship between bone ... |
|
| Long-Term Effects of Subchronic Exposure to Sarin, Alone and With Stress or Other Chemicals |
OCT 2002 |
262 pages |
| Authors:
Mohamed B. Abou-Donia; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC
|
| The major objective of this proposal is to investigate the consequences of long-term, low- level exposure to sarin, alone, and in combination with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and stress on the development of chronic and neurologic deficits. An important finding from our studies is that brain AChE and plasma BChE inhibition might be used as a biomarker for exposure, not for sarin-induced neurologic deficits. Rats treated with toxic doses of sarin ... |
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| SPECT and fMRI Analysis of Motor and Cognitive Indices of Early Parkinson's Disease: The Relationship of Striatal Dopamine and Cortical Function |
OCT 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Gabrieli; Glenn T. Stebbins; RUSH-PRESBYTERIAN-ST LUKE'S MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
|
| This document is a report of the SPECT and fMRI Analysis of Motor and Cognitive Indices of Early Parkinson's Disease: The Relationship of Striatal Dopamine and Cortical Function. |
|
| Bioenergetic Defects and Oxidative Damage in Transgenic Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders |
MAY 2002 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Susan E. Brown; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL NEW YORK
|
| This project aimed to determine the contributions of bioenergetic dysfunction and oxidative stress to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HE)) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We found elevations in cerebral glucose utilization in two distinctly different mutant mouse models of HD: Hdh(Q92) and N171-82Q. Hypermetabolism preceded pathologic changes and symptoms, but was not accompanied by alterations in oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities. We also found late increases in oxidative damage to DNA ... |
|
| Toxic Interactions of Prophylactic Drugs and Pesticides |
JAN 2002 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Mohamed B. Abou-Donia; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC
|
| The key goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that exposure to mixtures of the test compounds, PB (oral), DEET (dermal), and permethrin (dermal) reduces the body's ability for their detoxification, resulting in increased bioavailability of the parent compounds and of their enhanced delivery to the toxicity site(s), leading to pronounced toxicity. The results reported in this Annual Report support this hypothesis as follows: 1) Although exposure to ... |
|
| An Experimental Study on BEM-Based Cortical Imaging of Human SEP activities |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
X. Zhang; V. L. Towle; H. Sasaki; J. Lian; G. L. Li; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| The boundary element method (BEM) based cortical imaging technique (CIT) has been applied to an experimental study on human somatorsensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from a patient. The accuracy of the analysis was determined by comparing SEPs recorded from the scalp with those recorded directly from the patient's cortex. The results indicate that the CIT improved the spatial resolution of the scalp potentials, and the reconstructed cortical potential maps are ... |
|
| A Simple Neural Network System for Wisconsin Card Sorting Test |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Gulay B. Kaplan; Ibrahim Genc; Guneyt Guzelist; TUBITAK MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER KOCAELI(TURKEY)
|
| In this paper, a model for mimicking the behavior of the prefrontal cortex in Wisconsin card sorting test is given for both healthy and lesioned subjects. A simple model based on winner take all network and multi layer perceptron suffices to model the affect of frontal lobe damage, which leads to perseveration as diminishing the influence of reinforcement. Keywords Prefrontal cortex, Wisconsin card sorting test, neural network, modelling |
|
| Investigation of the Predictability of Neural Cell Survival After Exposure to Non-Uniform Electric Fields |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
T. Heida; W. L. C. Rutten; E. Marani; TECHNISCHE HOGESCHOOL TWENTE ENSCHEDE (NETHERLANDS) DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Cortical rat neurons were trapped by negative dielectrophoresis (DEP) using a planar quadruple electrode structure. The nonuniform field created by this structure was calculated using a finite element software package. By representing the neuron with a single-shell model the membrane potential induced by the electric field can be estimated. It was investigated whether the physiological state of the trapped neurons can be predicted using this estimation. Experimentally, the physiological state ... |
|
| Multimodal Integration of High Resolution EEG and Functional Magnetic Resonance: a Simulation Study |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Fabio Babiloni; Claudio Babiloni; Filippo Carducci; Leonardo Angelone; Cosimo Del Gratta; UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA ROME(ITALY)
|
| In this simulation study, we would like to address some questions related to the use of fMRI a priori constraints in the estimation of the cortical source current density. Namely, we would like to assess the utility to include information as estimated from event-related and block-design fMRI, by using as the dependent variable the correlation between the imposed and the estimated waveforms at the level of cortical region of interests ... |
|
| Development of a Wireless Brain Implant: The Telemetric Electrode Array System (TEAS) Project |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
S. Martel; N. Hatsapoulos; I. Hunter; J. Donoghue; J. Burgert; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE INSTRUMENTATION LAB
|
| The Telemetric Electrode Array System (TEAS) project aims at developing and embedding entirely into the head, a three-dimensional intracortical electrode array with all electronics required for signal acquisition, processing, and wireless communication. A general description of the system, the main design issues, and its capabilities are briefly described. |
|
| A Mathematical Model of Cardiovascular Response to Dynamic Exercise |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
E. Magosso; A. Felicani; M. Ursino; BOLOGNA UNIV (ITALY) DEPT OF ELECTRONICS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS
|
| A mathematical model of cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise is presented, The model includes the pulsating heart, the systemic and pulmonary, circulation, a functional description of muscle exercise hyperemia, the mechanical effects of muscle contractions on hemodynamics, and various neural regulatory, mechanisms working on systemic resistance, venous unstressed volume, heart rate and ventricle contractility These mechanisms comprehend the direct effect of motor command signals on cardiovascular and respiratory,' control centers ... |
|
| Neuroprotection from Brain Injury by Novel Estrogens |
AUG 2001 |
176 pages |
| Authors:
James W. Simpkins; UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER FORT WORTH TX
|
| The present program of research aims at determining the neuroprotective activity of novel estrogens in both male and female animal models for brain ischemic damage. We have proposed to achieve 4 technical aims over the course of 3 years. These aims relate to a description of the activity of several estrogens against cerebral damage related to middle cerebral artery occlusion in a rodent model, when the estrogens are administered prior ... |
|
| Long-Term Effects of Subclinical Exposures to Sarin |
APR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Rogene F. Henderson; LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to levels of sarin causing no overt clinical symptoms would cause adverse health effects that could persist after the exposure had ended. Inhalation exposures of male Fischer 344 rats to 0, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml of sarin for 1 hour/day for 1, 5 or 10 days under normal and heat-stressed conditions were completed and observations made at 1 day and ... |
|
| Pyridostigmine-Induced Neurodegeneration: Role of Neuronal Apoptosis |
OCT 2000 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Isom; PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN
|
| Pyridostigmine produces subtle degeneration of brain cells when given to rats twice daily for 4 days. Apoptotic brain cell damage can be detected throughout the cerebral cortex and in the striatum and hippocampus with higher doses. The process of apoptotic cell death initiated by pyridostigmine continues after treatment with this drug is terminated. Atropine is able to prevent the destruction of brain cells by pyridostigmine, both in vivo and in ... |
|
| SPECT and fMRI Analysis of Motor and Cognitive Indices of Early Parkinson's Disease: The Relationship of Striatal Dopamine and Cortical Function |
OCT 2000 |
|
| Authors:
John D. Gabrieli; RUSH-PRESBYTERIAN-ST LUKE'S MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
|
|
| Cognitive Changes in Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2000 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Heilman; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Patients do not typically develop Parkinson's Disease (PD) until they lose approximately 70% of their dopaminergic neurons. This neural degeneration typically manifests as motor symptoms. Yet, it is possible that subtle cognitive symptoms may precede onset of these motor symptoms. However, it remains unclear as to what early cognitive symptoms might be. Many of the neuropsychological changes reported with PD are not typically seen early in the ... |
|
| Development and Application of Noninvasive Optical Topography |
JUL 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Tsuyoshi Yamamoto; Atsushi Maki; Yuichi Yamashita; Hiroshi Yoshizawa; Makoto Iwata; ADVANCED RESEARCH LAB SAITAMA (JAPAN)
|
| Optical topography (OT) is a method for visualizing brain functions noninvasively. In an OT measurement system, near-infrared light, to which living tissue is highly permeable, is irradiated from the scalp of the subject, and the scattered light reflected from the cerebral cortex is detected elsewhere on the scalp. The spatio-temporal blood volume change in the cortex is visualized based on the signal detected using two-dimensionally arranged optodes. The measurement imposes ... |
|
| Colloidal Stabilization of Neurofilaments and Microtubules |
JUN 2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jan H. Hoh; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| The research supported by this award is based on the hypothesis that the interfilament distances between microtubules and neurofilaments are maintained by a polymer brush based mechanism, that results in what has been called colloidal stabilization. We suggest that failure of such stabilization may be related to, and even causal, in neuropathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. Thus focus of the ... |
|
| Cognitive Changes in Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 1999 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth M. Heilman; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Patients do not typically develop Parkinson's Disease (PD) until they lose approximately 7O% of their dopaminergic neurons. This neural degeneration typically manifests as motor symptoms. Yet, it is possible that subtle cognitive symptoms may precede the onset of these motor symptoms. However, it remains unclear as to what the early cognitive symptoms might be. Many of the neuropsychological changes reported with PD are not typically seen ... |
|
| The Role of Layer 4 in Thalamocortical Development |
1999 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Sidney L. Palmer; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF ANATOMY AND CELL BIOLOGY
|
| Thalamic innervation of cortex is a complex process in which specific regions of the thalamus must grow into precise cortical regions. Once within a specific cortical area, thalamic aflerents terminate largely upon a target population of cortical cells. within the somatosensory cortex, thalamic afferents terminate largely upon layer 4 cells. To further understand the importance of layer 4 in shaping the development of thalamic afferents and the specificity of their ... |
|
| Pyridostigmine-Induced Neurodegeneration: Role of Neuronal Apoptosis |
OCT 1998 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Gary E. Isom; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN
|
| Although pyridostigmine is a highly charged molecule, some reports suggest it can penetrate into the brain. To determine whether the drug can cause neurotoxic damage centrally, pyridostigmine was injected into rats, the animals were sacrificed at intervals after drug administration and brains examined histologically. Using TUNEL staining and electron microscopy, apoptotic brain cell destruction was noted in cerebral cortex and at higher doses, cell damage ... |
|
| Stroke Prevention: A Continuing Quality Improvement Project |
MAR 1998 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Hetherington; William J. Cairney; COLORADO SPRINGS OSTEOPATHIC FOUNDATIONAND FAMILY MEDICINE CENTER CO
|
| Stroke is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and cost. Therefore, it is important for primary care physicians to identify patients at risk for stroke and appropriately intervene. At the Family Medicine Center, an ambulatory family practice residency clinic, a Continuing Quality Improvement (CQI) project was initiated to assess those patients at risk for stroke. This was accomplished by chart review of active patients, 55 years of age and older, for ... |
|
| Biomorphic Networks for ATR and Higher-Level Processing |
10 JAN 98 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Nabil H. Farbat; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| We introduce the concept of parametrically and nonlinearly coupled network of bifurcation processing elements that can be driven by static or dynamic input patterns. The network is biologically inspired, computes with all three types of attractors, and offers a unique tool for the modeling and study of cortical networks and higher level brain function. |
|
| Woods Hole Workshop on Computational Neuroscience |
19 DEC 97 |
|
| Authors:
Terrence J. Sejnowski; MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB WOODS HOLE MA
|
| The Woods Hole Workshop on Computational Neuroscience was held at the Marine Biological Laboratory on August 26 to August 31, 1996. Twenty-two investigators attended the workshop on the computational functions of nervous systems. The topics in computational neuroscience that were discussed included neural systems for learning and long term memory, non-classical responses of cortical neurons, and active perception. In addition, some members of the workshop lectured in the concurrent Computational ... |
|
| Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity After Exposure to Sustained +Gz |
JUN 1997 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Manaswee Kovitaya; Lloyd D. Tripp Jr.; Tamara L. Chelette; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| Anecdotal information has been available for many years that G training over time increases a human's ability to tolerate G. However, little data exist to corroborate the observation. The main thrust of this study was to quantify the accumulative physiological effects of +Gz exposure on cerebral blood flow using transcranial Doppler. A total of six male and six female subjects participated in this study. The subjects experienced numerous G exposures ... |
|
| Chronic Organophosphorus Exposure and Cognition |
MAY 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Jerry J. Buccafusco; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA RESEARCH INST
|
| Protracted exposure to low levels of organophosphorus (OP) compounds impairs acetylcholine degradation by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, in humans, may produce lasting neurotoxicity affecting cognitive function. The present studies examined the ability of such exposure to impair performance of novel or well-learned cognitive-related tasks in rats. Withdrawal from the chronic exposure to a low-dose regimen of diisopropyl- fluorophosphate (DFP, 0.25 mg day/14 days) impaired novel navigational ... |
|
| Characteristics of Long-Lasting Repetition Priming |
01 NOV 96 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Carolyn B. Cave; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Facilitated performance in the identification of stimuli has been demonstrated due to prior exposure to the stimuli. Repetition priming can occur in the absence of explicit memory for the stimuli. Experiments explored the degree to which facilitation in visual object identification is due to perceptual or conceptual processing changes. Our results suggest that facilitation in picture naming is due to perceptual changes, that these changes are not in low-level sensory ... |
|
| Mechanisms of the Basal Ganglia for Arm-Hand Coordination |
30 SEP 96 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Arbib; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| The basal ganglia (BG) appears to play a dual role in the performance of voluntary movements: (1) the direct path is primarily involved in providing an estimate of the next sensory state to the cortex, and (2) the indirect path is mainly responsible for the inhibition of movement while the cortex is either involved in choosing the next motor command for execution, or while waiting for a 'go' signal to ... |
|
| Analyzing Data from the Dual Purkinje Image (DPI) Eyetracker |
AUG 96 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Henderson; Gary Schrock; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING
|
| This document explains how to analyze eyetracker data in the Michigan State University eyetracker laboratory. |
|
| Mechanisms and Properties of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Brain: Relationships to Learning and Memory |
JUL 96 |
|
| Authors:
A. Hashemi-Sakhtsari; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION CANBERRA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| Functional and structural changes in synapses, specific regions for communication between nerve cells, are thought to be the basis for storing information, and modulating neuronal behavior. This continuous remodeling is defined as synaptic plasticity. The process of learning involves stable changes in synaptic efficacy. Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and long-term depression in the cerebellum are two forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity that currently serve as our primary experimental models ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
CEREBRAL CORTEX
