| Effects of Naturally-Occurring Estrogen-Fatty Acid Esters on Mammary Cell Growth and Carcinogenesis in Female Rats |
14 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Won J. Lee; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBIA
|
 | Research work completed thus far: (1) We have already evaluated the stimulatory effects of estradiol-17 beta-stearate on the growth of mammary vs. uterine cells in ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats. Their effects have been compared with the effects of unesterified estradiol. (2) We have also determined the circulating levels of prolactin, FSH, and LH in all the animals. Right now we are still studying the growth-stimulatory effects of estradiol-17 beta-stearate and ... |
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| Role of AREB6/ZEB Transcription Factor in Invasive Breast Cancer |
MAY 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Bynthia M. Anose; Michel M. Sanders; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| The major goal of the proposed research is to test the hypothesis that the estrogen-inducible transcription factor AREB6/ZEB contributes to the progression of breast carcinoma. In specific, I am investigating whether the expression of AREB6/ZEB becomes deregulated from estrogen control and, if so, at what stage of carcinogenesis. To test this, staged breast cancer samples are being collected and assayed by real-time PCR for the level of AREB6/ZEB mRNA. Furthermore, ... |
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| Investigation of the Link Between Prolactin, Mammary Gland Development and Carcinogenesis by Transcript Profiling |
OCT 2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jessica Harris; Christopher J. Ormandy; GARVAN INST OF MEDICAL RESEARCH SYDNEY (AUSTRALIA)
|
| Mammary lobuloalveolar development during pregnancy is controlled by the endocrine action of prolactin, estrogen and progesterone, but currently little is known of the transcriptional events that occur in response to these hormones. This study examines the transcriptional response of the mammary gland to the direct action of prolactin. Mammary tissue recombination experiments demonstrated that lobuloalveolar development is dependent upon the presence of prolactin receptors in mammary epithelium but not the ... |
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| Tropomyosin-1: A Putative Tumor Suppressor and a Biomarker of Human Breast Cancer |
OCT 2002 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Goddamanugu L. Prasad; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Previous research from this laboratory indicated that: 1) the expression of Tropomyosin-1 (TM1) a microfilament-associated protein, is abolished from many human breast carcinoma cells, and; 2) that TM1 is suppressor of the malignant transformation. These data led to the hypothesis that TM1 plays an important role in mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated whether TM1 could serve as a biomarker of breast cancer, and TM1 could function as a suppressor of ... |
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| Role of Human DNA Polymerase and Its Accessory Proteins in Breast Cancer |
19 SEP 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Marietta Y. Lee; NEW YORK MEDICAL COLL VALHALLA
|
 | Besides using immunoafffinity chromatography techniques to show that the deregulation of the cell cycle machinery in breast cancer cells, we have been studying the mechanism of genomic instability in breast cancer cells in a multifaceted manner. A few novel interactions were detected. In this study we found that p21 not only interact with PCNA but also interact directly with DNA polymerase delta p50 subunit. The tumor suppressor Rb also interacts ... |
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| Training in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer |
SEP 2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Mina J. Bissell; Mary H. Barcellos-Hoff; Kunxin Luo; G. Shyamala; Matha R. Stampfer; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY
|
| The goal of the present proposal is to provide post-doctoral training opportunities in breast cancer research that focus on the role of microenvironment in mammary gland biology. Trainees will benefit from working in a dynamic interactive program under the guidance of the LBNL mentors to investigate the intersection of hormone action, growth factor activity and extracellular matrix remodeling during mammary gland development and carcinogenesis. In addition, trainees will be exposed ... |
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| Tumor Specific Regulation of C-CAM Cell Adhesion Molecule in Prostate Cancer Carcinogenesis |
AUG 2002 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Sue-Law Lin; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Loss of tumor suppressor is one of the major mechanisms that lead to tumor formation. We propose to elucidate the mechanism of loss of CEACAMI tumor suppressor expression in prostate cancer. We found that down-regulation of CEACAMI expression in prostate tumors is mainly due to transcriptional down- regulation of CEACAMI gene. We have identified three transcription factors i.e. AP-2 androgen receptor and Sp2 that are involved in the regulation of ... |
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| A Novel Monoallelically Expressed Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene for Breast Carcinogenesis on Chromosome 11p15.5 |
JUL 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Elizabeth Preisinger; David E. Housman; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| I have identified a novel Xist-like nuclear transcript (11p-xlnt) which is monoallelically expressed and accumulates in the interphase nucleus at its site of transcription. 11p-xlnt is transcribed from within a narrowly defined 500 kb portion of human chromosome 11p15.5 that exhibits loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 40% of breast cancers. I have shown that 11p-xlnt is transcribed from within an intron of and antisense to the KvLQT gene and spans ... |
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| Tropomyosin-1: A Putative Tumor-Suppressor and a Biomarker of Human Breast Cancer |
OCT 2001 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Gaddamanugu L. Prasad; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Changes in the expression of microfilament-associated proteins such as tropomyosins, are associated with the transformed phenotype. In this work we have tested the hypothesis that TM1 is putative biomarker and tumor suppressor of breast cancer. Using TM1-specific antibodies RNA probes, we are assessing the expression of TM1 in the primary breast tumor specimens. Restoration of TM1 expression in MCF-7 (MCF-7/T) cells resulted in slower growth rate. MCF-7/T cells remain sensitive ... |
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| Multidisciplinary Strategies in the Prevention and Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer |
SEP 2001 |
258 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel C. Mok; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
|
| This program project consists of 4 research projects. Project I studies genetic changes in microdissected microscopic Stage I ovarian cancer cells, and identify markers for early detection of the disease. Using state of the art technology, we have shown that different histological subtypes of ovarian cancer have different allelic loss profiles. Furthermore, we have also identified several candidate serum markers including prostasin, and GA733 autoantibody, which may be used as ... |
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| Mechanisms for c-myc Induced Mouse Mammary Gland Carcinogenesis and for the Synergistic Role of TGF(alpha) in the Process |
JUL 2001 |
168 pages |
| Authors:
Dezhong J. Liao; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER
|
| This project aims to elucidate the cell cycle basis on which c-myc oncogene induces mammary carcinogenesis' and transforming growth factor alpha (tgf-Alpha) promotes the process. Conduction of this training project will help the P.I. to develop his career in breast cancer research. Data obtained so far have shown that c-myc transgenic mammary tumors may develop specific foci that are more aggressive than their adjacent tumor areas and thus represent a ... |
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| Cripto-1 in Mammary Gland Development and Carcinogenesis |
DEC 2000 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Randall L. Kinter; H. L. Hosick; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN
|
| The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of the growth factor Cripto-l (CR-1) in mammary development and carcinogenesis. During the final year of this grant we developed adenoviral vectors for the expression of CR-1 and cloned CR-3 from MCF-7 cells. We overexpressed CR-1 and CR-3 in MCF-7, Vero, and HC-11 cells, and found a dramatic difference in phenotype of the transduced cells. This may indicate that the ... |
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| Developmental Approach to Characterizing the Invasion Gene Program in Breast Cancer |
SEP 2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen J. Weiss; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Tile changes in the gene program of neoplastic cells that regulate the expression of an invasive phenotype are largely undefined. Direct comparisons of the gene expression profile displayed in normal and carcinomatous breast tissues have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor progression. However, attempts to identify the gene products differentially expressed during invasion in vivo have been hampered by the fact that only a small percentage of the cells ... |
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| Development of KGF Antagonist as a Breast Cancer Therapeutic |
JUL 2000 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Yasuro Sugimoto; OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS
|
| Our recent findings suggest that keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), the seventh member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is capable of acting as a mediator of the stimulatory effects of estrogen in human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, estrogen stimulates KGF expression. This role of estrogens in the regulation of KGF expression is intriguing because hormonal stimulation is an essential factor in the carcinogenesis of human breast cells, especially during early ... |
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| Wnt-1 Signaling in Mammary Carcinogenesis |
APR 2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Xi He; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL CORP BOSTON MA
|
| WNT GENES ENCODE A LARGE FAMILY OF SECRETED SIGNALING MOLECULES ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND ONCOGENESIS. WNT-1, THE FOUNDING MEMBER OF THE WNT GENE FAMILY, WAS INITIALLY IDENTIFIED AS AN ONCOGENE. Ectopic wnt-1 expression causes mammary tumorigenesis in mice, providing a potential model for human breast cancer. However, the cell surface receptor (or receptors) that mediates Wnt-1 signaling has not been identified, and the molecular and biochemical ... |
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| Effects of c-Myc and TGF-Alpha on Polarized Membrane Traffic |
OCT 1999 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Y. Altschuler; Keith E. Mostov; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| In polarized epithelial cells, components of the membrane fusion machinery, the t-SNAREs syntaxin 2, 3, 4 and SNAP-23 are differentially localized at the apical and/or basolateral plasma membrane domains. Surprisingly, all of these t-SNAREs redistribute to intracellular locations when cells lose their cellular polarity during mammary carcinogenesis. Apical SNAREs re-localize to the previously characterized vacuolar apical compartment (VAC) while basolateral SNAREs redistribute to a ... |
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| Triterpenoids and Prevention of Prostate Cancer |
OCT 1999 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Sporn; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This entire project is based on the hypothesis that we can design and develop new synthetic triterpenoids that would eventually be useful for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. With the known importance of oxidative stress and the known involvement of the enzymes, inducible cyclooxygenase (COX- 2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in the process of carcinogenesis in several other organs, and our own preliminary findings that ... |
|
| Breast Cancer Research Training Grant |
MAR 1999 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Adrianne E. Rogers; BOSTON UNIV MA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The purpose of the program is to train predoctoral students at Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health (BUSM, BUSPH) in research into the etiology, prevention, detection, diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer using the most advanced knowledge and techniques available. In addition to providing training in the student's chosen discipline, the program ensures her or his education in other relevant disciplines. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary training in ... |
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| A Pilot Study of Explore Linkages Among Isomers of Organochlorides, Promutagenic DNA Lesions and Breast Cancer Using Sensitive Techniques |
JAN 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Mark L. Graham Ii; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| We hypothesized that increased levels of OCs in breast (Br) tissue may be related to Br cancer (Ca), and that OCs may in turn cause an increased mutation rate as measured by levels of 8-OH DNA adducts. Methods: Using high- resolution GC for OCs, and HPLC with electrochemical detection for 8-OH adducts, we have measured simultaneously 23 different OCs DDT, DDE and metabolites (4), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 18) and heptachlorexpoxide ... |
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| Role of T-Box Gene in Mammary Gland Development and Neoplasia |
AUG 1998 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Virginia E. Papaioannou; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK
|
| The T-box family of genes play critical roles in inductive interactions in the development of many organs. Two of these genes, Tbx2 and Tbx3, are expressed in the developing mammary glands of mice and one is in adult glands and mammary tumors. Our hypothesis is that. Tbx2 and Tbx3 are required in the signaling pathway of normal mammary gland development, and could be involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Previously, we proposed ... |
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| Modulation of T-Cell Activation in an Experimental Model of Mammary Carcinoma |
JUL 1998 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur A. Hurwitz; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY
|
| One of the major goals of tumor immunotherapy is the induction of tumor-specific T cell responses that will be effective at eradicating disseminated tumors. The studies described in this update take advantage of our current knowledge of T cell activation and inhibitory signals. Using a transplantable mammary carcinoma, we demonstrated that blockade of inhibitory signals mediated by CTLA-4 using a monoclonal antibody synergizes with ... |
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| Identification of BRCA1 and 2 Other Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome 17 Through Positional Cloning |
JUL 1998 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond L. White; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY
|
| The overall goal of our project is to identify genes involved with the development and progression of breast cancer. This goal has remained unchanged since the start of the project, but the discovery of BRCAl in 1994 (1) together with technological advances in gene expression profiling (2) has influenced our strategy to achieve this goal. In the early part of the project our search for tumor suppressor genes was directed ... |
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| Cripto-1 in Mammary Gland Development and Carcinogenesis |
JUN 1998 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Randall L. Kintner; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN
|
| The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of the growth factor Cripto-1 (CR-1) in mammary development and carcinogenesis. This report describes the progress during the first year of support. During this period, it was discovered that the ribozyme which had been synthesized and tested acted through a primarily non-catalytic mechanism. This finding has been published (Appendix 1), where it was shown that ... |
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| Role of Progesterone in the Etiology of Breast Cancer |
MAY 1998 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Gopalan Shyamala; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF ENERGY
|
| Our studies reveal that with increasing age mammary glands acquire a greater sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone which becomes very evident at - 8 months of age. The increased sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone is reflected both at the morphological level and in the expression of progesterone receptor. In transgenic mice carrying an imbalance in the native ratio of the two isoforms of progesterone receptor, mammary glands exhibit an altered ... |
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| Mutagenic Effect on Alternating Current Magnetic Fields |
AUG 1997 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
John W. Obringer; Brian Kelchner; Brandon Horne; AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) such as those produced by power lines have become a growing source of concern to the general public. Many epidemiological studies have linked EMF to carcinogenesis implying an underlying genetic phenomenon mediated by EMF. EMF can be subdivided into either electric fields (E-field) or magnetic fields (B-fields). Our research used a reverse mutagenesis bacteriophage T4D model to quantitatively study the effects of E- fields on a molecular ... |
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| A Pilot Study to Explore Linkages Among Isomers of Organochlorines, Promutagenic DNA Lesions and Breast Cancer Using Sensitive Techniques of Analytical Chemistry |
JUL 97 |
|
| Authors:
Mark L. Graham Ii; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| We hypothesize that organochlorine xenobiotics may promote or modulate the formation of DNA-adducts that influence initial stages of carcinogenesis. This links three distinct observations regarding breast cancer risk. The first is the strong relationship between a woman's lifetime exposure to endogenous hormones and breast cancer; the second is that some environmental organochlorines mimic the biological activity of estrogen and may contribute to an increased risk; and the third is that ... |
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| Pesticide Contaminated Ground Water in Texas and Breast Cancer Mortality |
09 MAY 97 |
|
| Authors:
Steven M. Hetrick; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This paper will review the basic chemistry of the major classes of compounds commonly referred to as pesticides, maintaining an emphasis on the organochlorine family of chemicals, since this is the class of compounds most suspected of causing adverse health effects in wildlife. A review of the scientific literature on environmental pesticides and health effects will be discussed through the perspectives of wildlife communities, laboratory models, and human A section ... |
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| Protein Kinase C Isozyme in Mammary Carcinogenesis |
OCT 96 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Jaken; W ALTON JONES CELL SCIENCE CENTER LAKE PLACID NY
|
| Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key signal transduction pathway for regulating cell growth and differentiation. Perturbations in the PKC signaling pathway are widely recognized to be important in carcinogenesis since PKCs are the major cellular receptors for tumor promoting phorbol esters. PKC is actually a family of distinct isozymes that catalyze phospholipid-dependent protein phosphorylation. The role of individual isozymes in cellular processes has not yet been defined. The goal ... |
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| Establishment of the Fox Chase Network Breast Cancer Risk Registry |
OCT 1996 |
182 pages |
| Authors:
Mary B. Daly; FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| The wealth of research regarding the complex interaction of the genetic, biologic and environmental factors associated with breast carcinogenesis offers promise towards better understanding of breast cancer. The progress in molecular genetics provides us with opportunities to expand our knowledge about modifiable causes of breast cancer. The development of the Fox Chase Cancer Center Breast Cancer Risk Registry was proposed to facilitate research in the epidemiologic and genetic predictors of ... |
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| Role of Mammary Prolactin in Carcinogenesis |
OCT 96 |
|
| Authors:
Nira Ben-Jonathan; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| There is a growing concern that exposure to environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity (xenoestrogens) may have adverse effect on human health, including the initiation, promotion and progression of breast cancer. Our working hypothesis is that xenoestrogens promote mammary tumorigenesis via two mechanisms: a direct effect on mammary cell proliferation and an indirect effect by increasing prolactin synthesis and release. We have examined the effects of two xenoestrogens, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) and ... |
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| Role of Lipotropes in Mammary Carcinogenesis |
SEP 1996 |
|
| Authors:
Chung S. Park; NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV FARGO
|
| This study examined (1) the susceptibility of female rats previously exposed to lipotrope-modified diets to nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis; and (2) how lipotrope-modified diets modulate DNA methylation and gene expression in mammary tissues. Female rats (36 d of age) were assigned to one of following groups: control-synthetic diet (CSD), containing all required lipotropes; methyl-deficient diet (MOD), lacking all lipotropes; and methyl-additive diet (MAD), containing 1.5-fold the amount of each lipotrope ... |
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| Role of Nuclear Matrix Proteins in the Regulation of Pre-mRNA Splicing |
SEP 1996 |
|
| Authors:
Benjamin J. Blencowe; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| Deregulation of splicing has been linked to malignant transformation in breast cancers. Therefore, to fully understand breast cancer, it will be important to identify and characterize factors that regulate the splicing process. Nuclear matrix proteins related to the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family of constitutive and regulatory splicing factors were isolated and characterized. B1C8 is a novel 820 amino acid SR phosphoprotein that, unlike previously defined SR family proteins, lacks an RNA ... |
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| Mapping of a Breast Carcinoma Tumor Suppressor Gene to Chromosome 11p15. 5 |
JUL 96 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Tracy Moore; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 11 has been demonstrated in many cancers, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. A number of studies have narrowed the region showing LOH in breast tumors to 11p15.5. The technical objectives of this study are: to screen breast tumor samples for LOH in the 11p15.5 region using markers in the region exhibiting the greatest LOH to further resolve ... |
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| The Roles of TGF-Beta and TGF-Beta Signaling Receptors in Breast Carcinogenesis |
JUL 96 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Xiao-Fan Wang; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC
|
| The overall goal of this research project is to explore the roles of TGF-l3 and components of its signaling pathways in the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast adenocarcinomas through an investigation of the disregulation of TGF-B signal transduction. We have identified and isolated two cDNAs encoding members of the Dwarfins family and studied the TGF-B induced phosphorylation of these two molecules in a normal mammary epithelial cell line. Further ... |
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| Heregulin-Induced Growth Factor Receptor Signaling and Breast Carcinogenesis |
JUL 96 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Riese; David F. Stern; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT BINGHAM OCEANOGRAPHIC LAB
|
| We have engineered a panel of Ba/F3 cell lines that express, singly and in every pairwise combination, the four erbB family receptors. Using this panel of cell lines, we have evaluated hormone-induced erbB family receptor phosphorylation and coupling to downstream signaling proteins and physiologic responses. To date, we have tested six epidermal growth factor (EGF) family hormones: EGF, transforming growth factor alpha (TGFcc), heparin-binding EGF- like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin ... |
|
| A Follow-up of a National Cohort of Breast Disease - Factors Affecting the Development of Breast Cancer |
SEP 95 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Baruch Modan; CHAIM SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER TEL HASHOMER (ISRAEL) DEPT OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOG Y
|
| In 1979-80 we collected and re-examined all breast biopsies performed in Israel by a single pathologist (Dr. M. Black) in New York, using his prognostic grading system, nuclear differentiation and Lymphocyte Reticular Endotelial (LRE) response for benign breast diseases (BBD). The complete cohort consisted of about 3500 women. By September 1995, 460 women were traced and 349 of them were interviewed. Preliminary data show that about 42% of these women ... |
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| Heregulin-Induced Growth Factor Receptor Signaling and Breast Carcinogenesis |
17 JUL 95 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Riese Ii.; David F. Stern; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Neuregulin (heregulin) and betacellulin are two members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of pep tide growth factors. The receptors for these Ii and S are the erb Bfamilofrece tor protein tyrosine kinases. They include the EGF recetor,neu /erB-2/HER2,erb*3/HER3, and erbB-4/HER4. Not only have neuregulin and betacellulin been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis, but deregulated signaling by the erbB family receptors are also thought to play a causative role in ... |
|
| Vitamin D and Breast Cancer |
15 JUL 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Esther Janowsky; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| Preliminary data from this study address the first of our four specific research aims: to determine whether blood levels of 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, are lower in women at the time of first diagnosis of breast cancer than in comparable women who do not have breast cancer. To date, we have analyzed the blood of 94 women with breast cancer and 216 women without breast ... |
|
| Prevention of Human Mammary Carcinogenesis |
30 JUN 95 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Nitin T. Telang; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL NEW YORK
|
| This study utilized the developed in vitro models and the identified biochemical and cellular markers to examine the induction of human mammary carcinogenesis by the environmental carcinogen Benzo(a)pyrene (BP), and its modulation by selected naturally-occurring tumor inhibitors. In the human mammary explant culture system BP treatment increased Ras p21-GTP binding, and replicative DNA synthesis, and altered the metabolism of 17B-estradiol (B2). Treatment of BP-initiated explant cultures with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty ... |
|
| Biological (Molecular and Cellular) Markers of Toxicity |
15 DEC 91 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Shugart; S. J. D'Surney; G. Gerrys-Hull; M. S. Greeley; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIV
|
| Several molecular and cellular markers of genotoxicity were adapted for measurement in the Medaka (Oryzias latipes), and were used to describe the effects of treatment of the organism with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). A discontinuous DEN treatment inhibited the activity of a detoxication enzyme activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) 65 percent and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase transferase 35 percent No 01-ethyl guanine adducts were detected, and a slight, but statistically significant, in DNA strand breaks ... |
|
| Protection Against the Acute and Delayed Toxicity of Mustards and Mustard-Like Compounds |
FEB 87 |
|
| Authors:
David B. Ludlum; ALBANY MEDICAL COLL NY
|
| Many of the toxicities of the sulfur mustards are caused by damage which these agents inflict on cellular DNA. This study was undertaken because previous data on DNA modifications caused by these agents did not seem adequate to explain all of their biological effects. We have shown that a model sulfur mustards, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), modifies the 6 position of guanine in DNA, producing O6-ethylthioethyl deoxyguanosine. Although this lesion ... |
|
| Water Quality Criteria for Nitrocellulose |
JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Michael G. Ryon; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| Available data on macroinvertebrates, fish, and algae indicate nitrocellulose is not very toxic for most aquatic species. In most evaluations the EC50 and LC50 values were >1,000 mg/L. Only for the effect on chlorophyll a content of Selenastrum capricornutum was a lower value estimated, an EC50 of 579 mg/L. Available data on human health effects and mammalian toxicity suggest nitrocellulose is virtually nontoxic. The LD50 values were in excess of ... |
|
| Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Technical Report: 1985 |
SEP 85 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
J. D. MacEwen; E. H. Vernot; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| The research program of the Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) for the period of June 1984 through May 1985 is reviewed in this report. Chronic toxicity and oncogenic studies were carried out with hydrazine, JP-4, and JP-8. Results of histopathologic examination became available for a number of studies including chronic inhalation exposures to monomethylhydrazine, methylcyclohexane, and Otto Fuel II; and subchronic to petroleum and oil shale diesel fuel marine. These ... |
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| Protection against the Acute and Delayed Toxicity of Mustards and Mustard-Like Compounds |
SEP 85 |
|
| Authors:
David B. Ludlum; ALBANY MEDICAL COLL NY
|
| Both the acute and the delayed toxicities of sulfur mustards are evidently caused by damage which these inflict on cellular DNA. Bifunctional sulfur mustards crosslink DNA, but the toxicity of monofunctional agents indicates that other DNA modifications are also important. Genetic studies with sulfur mustards suggest that alkylation of the 6 position of guanine in DNA is responsible for some of this toxicity. Recently, a new enzyme, 0(6) -alkyl- guanine ... |
|
| Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Environmental Toxicology (15th) Held in Dayton, Ohio on October 30, 31 and November 1, 1984 |
MAY 85 |
|
| Authors:
J. D. MacEwen; E. H. Vernot; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| U.S. Defense strategy relies upon technologically superior weapons to overcome the numerical advantage of our adversaries. Our capability to field technologically superior weapons may soon, however, be dangerously diminished. The superiority of U.S. defense systems of all types is directly dependent upon superior electronics, a force multiplier which not only enhances the performance of the weapons themselves, but also maximizes the efficiency of their application through sophisticated intelligence and command ... |
|
| Correlation of Mutagenic, Carcinogenic and Co-Carcinogenic Effects of Chemical Substances. Granuloma Pouch Assay |
25 OCT 1983 |
|
| Authors:
G. Zbinden; EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AND ZURICH UNIV SCHWERZENBACH (SWITZERLAND) INST OF TOXICOLOGY
|
| The research project is concerned with the detection of premalignant and malignant cells induced in vivo in a novel assay system the granuloma pouch assay. Cells exposed to carcinogens in vivo can be studies for DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, specific locus mutations and cell transformations. Various assays were developed to investigate the growth characteristics of normal, carcinogen-exposed and transformed granuloma pouch cells. |
|
| Chemical and Molecular Biological Aspects of Alkylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Human Cells in vitro |
SEP 1981 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Donald T. Witiak; OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS
|
| 14C-labeled 1,1-DMH and 1,2-DMH of high specific activity (> or = 100 mCi/m mol) have been prepared and utilized, along with 14C-labeled MMH, to study alkylation of DNA and proteins in low passage human neonatal foreskin derived fibroblasts. When human fibroblasts were treated under conditions which would be expected to lead to a negligible number of transformation events, i.e. cells labeled were in a non-growing environment and the dose of ... |
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