| An Overview of Global Observing Systems Relevant to GODAE |
29-Oct-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
E Lindstrom; G Le Jacobs; B Gohil; J L Fellous; J Benveniste; Stan Wilson; G Goni; G Ball; M Johnson; D Harrison; Candyce Clark; P Traon; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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 | A global ocean observing system for the physical climate system, comprising both in situ and satellite components, was conceived largely at the Ocean Observations conference in St. Raphael. France, in October 1999. It was recognized that adequate information was not available on the state of the world ocean or its regional variations to address a range of important societal needs. Subsequent work by the marine carbon community and others in ... |
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| Analysis of Carbon and Sulfur in Steel Samples Using Bench Top Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) |
Oct-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
De; Lucia; Frank C Jr; Jennifer L Gottfried; Andrzej W Miziolek; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for steel analysis for many applications. LIBS was used to confirm that the steel sample of interest is the correct steel type using linear correlation. Next, we attempted to identify trace carbon and sulfur in the steel sample using a standard LIBS laboratory setup. However, the most intense carbon and sulfur emission occurs in the vacuum ultraviolet region and, therefore, needs specialized spectrometer ... |
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| Biotic and Abiotic Interactions of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Endemic Fish on the East Pacific Rise |
Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kate L Buckman; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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 | A study of the ecology of fish endemic to hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise was undertaken utilizing a variety of techniques, focusing on the bythitid Thermichthys hollisi. Stable isotope and gut content analyses were used to elucidate prey choice and trophic relationships. Otolith chemical signatures were investigated to determine whether this technique could be utilized to examine life history strategy and habitat use. Chemical characteristics of preferred fish ... |
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| Viral Penetration of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters (PREPRINT) |
Sep-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D Wander; Brian K Helmbuch; C Y Wu; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
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| High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are the primary technology used for particulate removal in individual and collective protection applications. HEPA filters are commonly thought to be impenetrable, but in fact they are only 99.97% efficient at collecting the most-penetrating particle (approx. 0.3 micrometer). While this is an impressive collection efficiency, HEPA filters may not provide adequate protection for all threats: viruses are submicron in size and have small minimum ... |
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| Proteomic Analyses of Cellular Events Mediating/Inhibiting Chemical-Induced Injury |
21-Jul-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Frank A Witzmann; INDIANA UNIV AT BLOOMINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| This project used a proteomic approach consisting of two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to analyze differential protein expression in response to formalin, JP-8 jet fuel, and carbon nanoparticle exposure. The aims were to assess the effect of various chemical exposures both in vivo and in vitro as a means to determine the utility of proteomic approaches in chemical toxicologic investigation. The results suggest that a comprehensive proteomic approach that includes ... |
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| Development of a River and Stream Water Quality Module |
Jun-2009 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Billy E Johnson; Zhongiong Zhang; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report describes the in-stream water quality module within the Nutrient Sub-Model (NSM), Version 1.2. The in-stream water quality module includes the major processes for nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and oxygen cycling in a stream. Kinetic process equations are presented for each state variable for water quality modeling in streams. These equations were taken largely from models such as QUAL2K, ICM, etc. and summarize past development efforts. As research continues, it ... |
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| The New Chemistry of C2 |
Jun-2009 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin J Cogan; William O Waddell; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
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| Drs. David Alberts and Richard Hayes' book Understanding Command and Control states that the purpose of C2 has remained unchanged since the earliest military forces engaged. But implementing C2 effectively now in the era of transformation can break traditional notions by envisioning a chemical model which incorporates emerging and disruptive technologies arriving at exponentially faster rates. Like carbon chains in organic chemistry, the military C2 organization has grown by adding ... |
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| Exploiting Unique Features of Nanodiamonds as an Advanced Energy Source |
Apr-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Betsy M Rice; Jennifer A Ciezak; William D Mattson; Radhakrishnan Balu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on carbon nanodiamonds (NDs) using Raman and DAC experimentation and ab initio calculations. Our calculations confirm the surface reconstruction to a fullerene-like structure, and indicate compression of the diamond core, producing an estimated internal pressure of 50 GPa. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of hypervelocity collisions of NDs show that upon collision, shock-induced amorphization first occurs, followed by complete disruption of the ND ... |
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| Laboratory Instrumentation Design Research for Scalable Next Generation Epitaxy: Non-Equilibrium Wide Application Epitaxial Patterning by Intelligent Control (NEW-EPIC). Volume 1. 3D Composition/Doping Control via Micromiror Patterned Deep UV Photodesorpt |
19-Feb-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
W A Doolittle; A B Frazier; S D Burnham; David Pritchett; Daniel Billingsley; Walter Henderson; Thomas Myers; Annabell Selloni; ASL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES NORTH SAANICH (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
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| A novel UV-assisted MOMBE system has been developed enabling intense UV irradiation of films during growth. High quality, heavily (unintentionally) carbon-doped GaN is successfully grown by NH3-based MOMBE and for the first time InGaN, AlGaN, and magnesium-doped GaN are demonstrated by NH3-based MOMBE. Intense UV irradiation of films during NH3-based MOMBE significantly enhances photo-desorption of species during the growth process, subsequently affecting the resultant InGaN alloy composition, carbon dopant concentration, ... |
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| Unraveling Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms on Carbon-Supported Fe-Phthalocyanine and Co-Phthalocyanine Catalysts in Alkaline Solutions |
Jan-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Deryn Chu; Rongrong Chen; Haixia Li; Guofeng Wang; INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
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| In this work, we combine electrochemical measurements, such as the rotating disk electrode (RDE) and the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the mechanisms of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on carbon-supported Fe-phthalocyanine (FePc/C) and Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc/C) catalysts in 0.1 M NaOH solutions. The onset potential for ORR on FePc/C catalyst is found to be around 0.05 V vs. Hg/HgO in 0.1 M ... |
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| Fabrication of High Strength Metal-Carbon Nanotube Composites |
Dec-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
D A Wiegand; F J Owens; A Goyal; Z Iqbal; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
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| A major objective of Army technology is the development of lighter and stronger platforms such as armored vehicles for Future Combat systems and Future Force. Here we show that carbon nanotubes could be the basis of such a possibility. It is shown for the first time that a carbon nanotube-iron composite, iron being the principle component of steel, has significantly enhanced mechanical strength. The major challenge has been to develop ... |
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| Simulations of Simple Nanomachines in Carbon Nanotude Bundles Based on Chirality |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
D L Majure; R W Haskins; N J Lee; C R Welch; C F Cornwell; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied extensively since their discovery and identification by Iijima in 1993. Their impressive mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties have created new fields of study, and the benefits of this research are just beginning to be realized. One potential use of CNTs is as a foundation for nanomachines. Another possible use, one that takes advantage of their mechanical properties, is the synthesis of high-strength, low-weight ... |
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| Exploring Structural Bond Energy Release (SBER) in Nanodiamonds Using Quantum Molecular Dynamics and Static High Pressure |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Betsy M Rice; Jennifer A Ciezak; William D Mattson; Radhakrishnan Balu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on carbon nanodiamonds using Raman and DAC experimentation and ab initio calculations. Our calculations confirm the surface reconstruction to a fullerene-like structure, and indicate compression of the diamond core, producing an estimated internal pressure of 50 GPa. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of hypervelocity collisions of NDs show that upon collision shock-induced amorphization first occurs, followed by complete disruption of the ND surface ... |
|
| High Yield Magnetic Nanoparticles Filled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Pulsed Laser Deposition |
Dec-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Dereje Seifu; Shashi P Karna; MORGAN STATE UNIV BALTIMORE MD DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| We present a high yield filling technique of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), grown vertically on a SiO2 substrate, with magnetic nanoparticles using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Magnetization measurements in-plane and out-of-plane with respect to the sample surface indicate reasonable coercivity estimated at 0.4 T. The magnetic anisotropy is however found to be randomly oriented, indicating a polycrystalline structure. The unique difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetizations is the sharing ... |
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| Generating Graphene Nanosheet Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Fuel Cells |
08-Oct-2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Changming Li; Shu-Juan Bao; Chun-Xian Guo; Jun Guo; Fengping Hu; NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV (SINGAPORE)
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| This report covers development of carbon layers for electronic devices. It consists of two main chapters. The first is titled "Novel Mesoporous Carbon and Its Direct Electrochemistry Based Biosensor." The second is tilted "Mesoporous Organic Polymer-Carbon Nanocomposites for High Enzymatic Glucose/02 Fuel Cells." |
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| Liquid Tin Anode SOFC JP-8 Start-up |
Oct-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Tao; Jeff Bentley; Mark Koslowske; Linda Bateman; Mike Slaney; Zena Uzep; William McPhee; CELLTECH POWER LLC WESTBOROUGH MA
|
| This program demonstrated the feasibility to use CellTech Power's Gen3.1 Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA-SOFC) design exclusively with JP-8 as a sole fuel source during start up and cool down. Previous tests utilized reducing gases such as hydrogen and H2/Ar during start up and cool down for protection of tin anode and non-precious metal based current collectors. This program successfully eliminated the need of additional reducing gases ... |
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| Effects of Quality Composts and Other Organic Amendments and Their Humic and Fulvic Acid Fractions on the Germination and Early Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium Papilliferum) and Switchgrass in Various Experimental Conditions |
01-Sep-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Senesi Nicola; UNIVERSITA DI BARI (ITALY)
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| Three representative and different composts were selected and used in this work: a green compost (GC), a mixed compost (MC) and a green coffee compost (GCC). The three composts were characterized by means of conventional methods for several chemical and physical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture and ash contents, total organic carbon (TOC) content, total N content, C/N ratio and humic acid-like (HAL) content. Seeds of slickspot peppergrass ... |
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| Prediction of Groundwater Quality Down-gradient of In Situ Permeable Treatment Barriers and Fully-remediated Source Zones |
01-Sep-2008 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE
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| In situ permeable treatment barriers (PTBs) are designed such that contaminated groundwater flows through an engineered treatment zone within which contaminants are eliminated or the concentrations are significantly reduced. These systems are often considered for the containment of dissolved contaminant plumes, or for controlling the discharge and larger-scale impact of dissolved contaminants from source zones to aquifers. Previous studies have concluded that a better understanding of the subsequent improvement in ... |
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| Novel Carbon Nitride Nanowire (CNW) Conjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment |
Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David Carroll; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC
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| In this program we have tested the concept that carbon nitride nanowires (CNWs)-conjugated to Herceptin can selectively target and photo-thermally ablate HER2-positive breast cancer tissues using penetrating near infra-red radiation (1.06 microns). Our initial results in cell culture suggest that CNWs are far superior transducers of radiation to the SWNTs or Ag nanoshells due to their metallic nature and aspect ratio. Initial animal studies have begun. |
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| Diamond-Like and Self-Assembling Organic Nanostructures: Measurement and Simulation of Intermolecular Interactions and Structural Characteristics |
Sep-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Guoping Zhang; Thomas F George; Lahsen Assoufid; G A Mansoori; MISSOURI UNIV-ST LOUIS
|
| Our experimental and theoretical objectives have focused on adamantane, the first diamondoid. This compound gives us substantial detailed information about the interaction between carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen, and hydrogen-hydrogen atoms. This has provided a first test case for the theoretical teams at the University of Missouri-St. Louis and Indiana State University to accurately measure and compute the electronic structure and mechanical properties. The results have been compared with the existing model potentials, ... |
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| Design and Fabrication of Microheaters for Localized Carbon Nanotube Growth |
Aug-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Y Zhou; J Johnson; L Wu; S Maley; A Ural; H Xie; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This paper presents a reliable method for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) at room temperature by using localized heating. A surface micromachining technique is used to create suspended microstructures for good thermal isolation. Pt resistors are integrated as the heating source, and the local growth temperature and electrical field can be controlled by the heater geometry and applied voltage. Growth of aligned nanotubes with diameters ranging from 1-10 ... |
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| Promises of Graphene Nanoelectronics |
Aug-2008 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Chagaan Baatar; OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA
|
| Graphene is a single atomic layer of carbon atoms arranged into a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattice. Since its discovery in 2004 by physicists [1], single layer graphene has been produced by many different methods and sample quality has steadily improved [2]-[4]. |
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| Evaluation of Impact Mitigation and Health Monitoring Tradeoffs in Composite Missile Casing Design Using Iterative Inversion Loads and Damage Identification Methods |
26-Jul-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas E Adams; Jonathan White; Nick Stites; Nathan Yoder; Carlos Escobar; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN
|
| Sensing, modeling, and data analysis techniques for health monitoring of composite missile casings (carbon filament wound and S2 glass filament wound) have been developed. Here, the term health monitoring is used to refer to both loads identification and damage identification for the purpose of assessing the material state and structural performance of a missile casing pressure vessel. Impact loads were located and quantified using a single sensor without a detailed ... |
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| The Army's M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress |
30-May-2008 |
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| Authors:
Andrew Feickert; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The M-4 carbine is the Army's 5 primary individual combat weapon for infantry units. The M-4 uses a direct gas impingement system that blows carbon from the fired cartridge back into the weapon's receiver, which can lead to weapon malfunctions. The U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) is replacing its M-4s with the Special Operations Combat Assault Rifle (SCAR). It is a modular weapon with a short-stroke piston system which estimates ... |
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| Direct Logistic Fuel JP-8 Conversion in a Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA-SOFC) |
09-Apr-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas Tao; Jeff Bentley; Mark Koslowske; Linda Bateman; Bill McPhee; CELLTECH POWER LLC WESTBOROUGH MA
|
| This program was proposed as an extension of the DARPA/MISER program that was concluded in the first half of 2006. The DARPA/MISER program objective was the development of a technology for direct conversion of field packaging waste into energy. Under the DARPA/MISER program CellTech Power also demonstrated the ability of the Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA SOFC) to direct convert logistic fuel, JP-8. The demonstration of direct ... |
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| Z-Pin Stubble Technology Advanced Research (ZSTAR) |
APR 2008 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen B. Clay; Amanda K. Pommer; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ADVANCED STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS BRANCH
|
| Z-pins are small-diameter carbon rods that are ultrasonically inserted through composite laminates in the z-direction to provide extra resistance to crack growth and delamination. They are normally inserted through co-cured composites, but this report presents an experimental study on a new z-pin stubble manufacturing technique that is compatible with the co-bonding process. Early researchers were limited to an exposed stubble height of 0.030 inch, which would not provide all of ... |
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| Bioavailability of Allelochemicals in Soil |
27-Feb-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R Grossl; UTAH STATE UNIV LOGAN
|
| The successful spread of the weeds Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed, RK) and Centaurea maculosa (Spotted knapweed, SK) has been attributed to the exudation of allelopathic chemicals by their roots. RK releases 7,8-benzoflavone and SK releases (+/-)- catechin. Understanding the conditions resulting in optimum sorption of these allelochemicals could provide a means to arrest the spread of the weeds that exude these allelochemicals. Our objective was to determine which soil constituents ... |
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| AY 2007-2008 Achieving U.S. Energy Security: Energy Industry Sector Report Seminar 8 |
01-Jan-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The source of U.S. national security strength stems in large part from the nation's economic foundation; the ability to generate and exploit inexpensive energy underpins that strength. Therefore, the United States has a vital interest in ensuring the viability and stability of the global energy system and securing its energy security. This Industrial College of the Armed Forces Energy Industry paper analyzes the energy sector and grapples with how to ... |
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| Experimental Effects of Lime Application on Aquatic Macrophytes: 3. Growth Response Versus Exposure Time |
JAN 2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAB
|
| This research investigates the effects of exposure time to lime-induced high pH and inorganic carbon limitation on the growth, survivorship, and reproductive success of Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinatus). |
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| Grazing Impacts of Diverse Zooplankton Taxa on Thin Layers |
Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen M Bollens; Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV VANCOUVER
|
| The US Navy needs to know how distributions and abundances of light-scattering and sound-scattering organisms in the ocean vary in space and time, particularly in the vertical dimension. Recent field observations have shown that many biological properties may vary substantially over small (e.g. centimeter) scales, commonly referred to as thin layers. Our previous ONR-funded research has allowed us to begin to understand how zooplankton interact with thin layers and how ... |
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| Influence of Residual Stresses on Fretting Fatigue Life Prediction in Ti-6Al-4V (POSTPRINT) |
Jan-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick J Golden; Dennis Buchanan; Sam Naboulsi; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| The objective of this work was to evaluate life prediction methodologies involving fretting fatigue of turbine engine materials with advanced surface treatments. Fretting fatigue tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V dovetail specimens with and without advanced surface treatments. These tests were representative of the conditions found in a turbine engine blade to disk attachment. Laser shock processing and low plasticity burnishing have been shown to produce deep compressive residual stresses with ... |
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| Effect of Surface Engineering Processes on the Surface Properties and Adhesive Bonding of Graphite/Epoxy Composites (Preprint) |
DEC 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
F. J. Boerio; B. Roby; R. G. Dillingham; R. H. Bossi; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| The effect of surface engineering processes such as grit-blasting and plasma etching on the surface energy and composition of graphite/epoxy composites that were cured at 177 C was determined. As-tooled composites had about 73% carbon, 20% oxygen, and 5% nitrogen on the surface. Grit-blasting with 80- or 220-grit garnet resulted in an increase of several percent in the carbon concentration and a similar decrease in the oxygen concentration. However, grit-blasting ... |
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| Continuum Modeling of Interface Failure |
DEC 2007 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Robert P. Griffiths; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Two-dimensional continuum modeling and simulations were conducted to predict how the size, quantity, and stiffness of reinforcing particles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) affect failure mechanisms at the interface of composite structures. First, the strength model used the finite element method (FEM) on a slender composite beam with step-joint containing reinforcing particles to predict its critical stress-strain behavior at the joint interface under compressive axial load. Next, the fracture mechanics ... |
|
| Computer Simulation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Carbon Foam Materials |
Dec-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Serguei Kanaoun; INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Y DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MONTERREY (MEXICO)
|
| The project is devoted to the problem of the numerical simulation of the effective elastic, thermo and electro conductive properties of open-cell foam materials. The Laguerre tessellation procedure is applied for the construction of skeletons of random foam microstructures with prescribed distributions of the cell diameters. A four-parametric approximation of the ligament shapes in the open-cell foams is proposed. For simulation of the elastic properties of open -cell foams, a ... |
|
| Tribochemistry of Multiply-Alkylated Cyclopentane Oils on DLC-Coated Thrust Bearings |
15 NOV 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey R. Lince; Patricia A. Bertrand; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP
|
| In contrast to typical DLC coatings, hydrogenated DLC (H-DLC) coatings exhibit extremely low friction in vacuum and dry atmospheres, suggesting their potential importance for spacecraft applications. We have conducted a study of H-DLC-coated steel thrust bearings, lubricated with a multiply-alkylated cyclopentane oil, either unformulated, or formulated with lead naphthenate or an aryl phosphate ester mixture. Data on uncoated steel thrust bearings were obtained for comparison. The surface chemistry of the ... |
|
| Hawaii Energy and Environmental Technologies (HEET) Initiative |
NOV 2007 |
205 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Rocheleau; Robert M. Moore; Scott Q. Turn; Jr. Antal Michael J.; Michael J. Cooney; Bor-Yann Liaw; Stephen M. Masutani; HAWAII UNIV AT MANOA HONOLULU
|
| This report covers efforts by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute of the University of Hawaii under the ONR-funded HEET Initiative that addresses critical technology needs for exploration/utilization of seabed methane hydrates and development/testing of advanced fuel cells and fuel cell systems. Methane hydrates work included: laboratory and analytical investigations of hydrate destabilization phenomena; characterization of the microbial community in marine hydrate beds; development of models to predict the fate of ... |
|
| Survey of Commercial Small Lithium Polymer Batteries |
19 SEP 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold M. Stux; Karen Swider-Lyons; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The power and energy of small 1 to 5 g lithium polymer batteries is improving significantly, with a push from the toy and hobby markets. This report characterizes the power and energy of several small batteries from Atomic Workshop, Full River, Kokam, and TOBN, presenting discharge curves as a function of C-rates. The 130 mAh Atomic Workshop batteries are rated to a specific power of nearly 2400 W/kg, and energies ... |
|
| Design and Processing of Structural Composite Batteries |
SEP 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
E. L. Wong; D. M. Baechle; K. Xu; R. H. Carter; J. F. Snyder; E. D. Wetzel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report is a reprint from the Proceedings of Society for the Advancement of Materiel and Process Engineering (SAMPE) 2007 Symposium and Exhibition held in Baltimore, MD, on 3-7 June 2007. Multifunctional structural composites are being developed to simultaneously bear mechanical loads and store electrochemical energy. These composite batteries can replace inert structural components and concurrently provide supplementary power for light load applications. Significant weight savings can be achieved by ... |
|
| Characterization of Graphite Lithium-Ion Cells |
SEP 2007 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Steven D. Moseley; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis explores the characterization of graphite lithium-ion cells. A control procedure was performed to ensure any capacity loss or gain seen in tests was not the result of cell cycling. Vibration testing of the cells on all three axes to simulate the spacecraft launch environment showed a slight increase in capacity after vibration. Cell capacity was measured at two current rates at a variety of temperatures to obtain a ... |
|
| Carbon-Flow-Based Modeling of Ecophysiological Processes and Biomass Dynamics of Submersed Aquatic Plants |
SEP 2007 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Elly P. H. Best; William A. Boyd; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Abstract: A dynamic simulation modeling approach to describing carbon- flow-based, ecophysiological processes and biomass dynamics of freshwater submersed aquatic plant species has been developed. The models describe major, carbon-flow-based ecophysiological processes and biomass dynamics of four common freshwater species and how these are influenced by factors such as light, temperature, current velocity, dissolved inorganic carbon availability, oxygen concentration, and human influences such as management measures (changes in turbidity, mechanical harvesting, ... |
|
| Enhanced Laser System for Two-Point Scalar Time-Series Measurements in Turbulent Partially Premixed Flames |
15 MAY 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Galen B. King; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Picosecond time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (PITLIF) has been shown to be a valuable tool for turbulent combustion research. The laser system enhancement enabled by this grant has significantly increased the range of systems that may be studied utilizing the PITLIF method. The enhanced laser system has increased the frequency tripled laser power by nearly an order of magnitude from 35 mW for the previous system to over 300 mW for the ... |
|
| Nanotechnology in Aerospace Applications |
01-Mar-2007 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
M Meyyappan; MM ASSOCIATES MOFFETT FIELD CA
|
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| Wireless Damage Monitoring of Laminated CFRP Composites using Electrical Resistance Change |
25 FEB 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Akira Todoroki; TOKYO INST OF PSYCHIATRY (JAPAN)
|
| It is difficult to detect delamination of rotating composite components like helicopter and wind turbine blades while in-service with a wired system. In the present study, a wireless system using a tiny oscillation circuit for detecting delamination of carbon/epoxy composites is proposed. In this system, a tiny oscillation circuit is attached to the composite component. When delimitation of the component occurs, electrical resistance changes, which causes a change in the ... |
|
| Congressional-Microwave Vacuum Electronics Power Res. Ini.) TWT Coatings Improvement Investigation |
01 FEB 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
L-3 COMMUNICATIONS TORRANCE CA
|
| Gain stability has long been identified as a key attribute for successful long-term operation of both space and terrestrial helix traveling wave tubes (TWTs), whose mission life may extend to 15 or more years. Gain change associated with attenuator (carbon) thin film resistivity change has been observed for at least 30 years; however no definitive experimental evidence to support the various resistance change theories has been available. Using a modified ... |
|
| The Electronic Structure and Field Effects of an Organic-Based Room Temperature Magnetic Semiconductor |
01-Jan-2007 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Derek M Lincoln; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The future of spin-electronics or "spintronics" lies in the development of viable magnetic semiconductors that can effectively operate at room temperature Vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]~2) is a magnetic semiconductor with an ordering temperature well above that of room. Its highly disordered structure has hampered a comprehensive description of the interactions between the V and TCNE sublattices that give rise to its magnetic and electrical properties. We report the results of high-resolution ... |
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| Fatigue and Fracture of Polycrystalline Silicon and Diamond MEMS at Room and Elevated Temperatures |
DEC 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Ioannis Chasiotis; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMAPIGN
|
| A high-resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)/Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was developed to investigate the deformation and fracture of tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon (ta-C) and polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Polysilicon and ta-C test structures were fabricated at the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and at MCNC-Cronos. Their Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, strength, and fracture toughness were obtained, many of them for the first time. Compared to polysilicon, ta-C ... |
|
| Lithium Carbon Monofluoride: The Next Primary Chemistry for Soldier Portable Power Sources |
NOV 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Arek Suszko; ARMY CECOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER FORT MONMOUTH NJ
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| The US Army is interested in a low cost, high energy density primary lithium power source for use as the energy source for field charging units, for use in advanced man portable electronic equipment, and for unmanned and unattended systems. Lithium metal can provide a theoretical 13 Kilowatthours/ kilogram based on the metal. This is ten times greater than the theoretical specific energy of zinc. It is imperative that the ... |
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| Evaluating the Role of Prices and R&D in Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions |
SEP 2006 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
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| Several important human activities most notably the worldwide burning of coal, oil, and natural gas are gradually increasing the concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and, in the view of many climate scientists, are gradually warming the global climate. That warming, and any long-term damage that might result from it, could be reduced by restraining the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately limiting them ... |
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| Isotopic Determination of Region of Origin in Modern Peoples: Applications for Identification of U.S. War-Dead From the Vietnam Conflict |
AUG 2006 |
295 pages |
| Authors:
Laura A. Regan; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
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| This study is novel in that it is the first of its kind to compile a reference sample of isotopic values associated with known natal regions to be utilized in forensic work. Stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead were examined to determine if natal origins could be assessed isotopically between Southeast Asian and American dental remains as well as regionally within the United States. Teeth believed to be ... |
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| Stress and Moisture Effects on Thin Film Buckling Delamination |
25 JUL 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
P. Waters; A. A. Volinsky; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| Deposition processes control the properties of thin films; they can also introduce high residual stresses. which can be relieved by delamination and fracture. Tungsten films with high 1-2 GPa compressive residual stresses were sputter deposited on top of thin (below 100 nm) copper and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. Highly stressed films store large amounts of strain energy. When the strain energy release rate exceeds the films interfacial toughness, delamination occurs. ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
CARBON
