| Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma as a Preclinical Tool |
Sep 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Oren Becher; Alex Chung; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
 | Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas or DIPG, is a type of brain tumor that afflicts children and is the leading cause of death in pediatric brain tumor patients. One major obstacle to progress has been the lack of representative animal models that recapitulate the genetic alterations of the human disease in the appropriate cell-of-origin. Recent analysis of human DIPGs have unraveled the following key genetic alterations: K27M H3.3 or H3.1 mutations ... |
|
| Repeated Exposure to Sublethal Doses of the Organophosphorus Compound VX Activates BDNF Expression in Mouse Brain |
Jan 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jose M Pizarro; Wenling E Chang; Mariama J Bah; Linnzi K Wright; George A Saviolakis; Arun Alagappan; Christopher L Robison; Jinesh D Shah; James L Meyerhoff; Douglas M Cerasoli; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The highly toxic organophosphorus compound VX [O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonate] is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Prolonged inhibition of AChE increases endogenous levels of acetylcholine and is toxic at nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to sublethal doses of VX would affect genes associated with cell survival, neuronal plasticity, and neuronal remodeling, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We examined the time course of BDNF expression ... |
|
| Are Blast Brain Injuries Fundamentally Different Than Traditional Experimental Models of TBI? |
Jul 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan Lee; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| We compared acute neurophysiological changes in rats following a blast-type TBI induced by a shock tube with more traditional models of TBI, i.e., midline fluid percussion (PERCUSSION) and controlled cortical impact brain injuries. Currently, insufficient data exists which compares the physiological brain changes induced by a blast-type injuries to those generated by more traditional animal models of TBI. We hypothesized in this proposal that brain damage from a blast-type injury ... |
|
| CJCS Guidance for 2011 |
JAN 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Mullen; JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC
|
| The purpose of this memorandum is to relay my priorities for our strategic objectives for 2011. This document directs the Joint Staff and informs the Joint Force. |
|
| Executive Clock Drawing Correlates with Performance-Based Functional Status in People with Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder |
2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Brian W. Writer; Jason E. Schillerstrom; Heather K. Regwan; Brent S. Harlan; SAN ANTONIO MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX
|
| Executive Clock Drawing Tasks (CLOX parts 1 and 2) can predict functional impairment. This study determined the correlation between CLOX and other psychometric screening instruments with the Structured Assessment of Independent Living Skills (SAILS)-defined performance-based functional status in people with combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesized that CLOX would correlate significantly with functional performance. This prospective, cross-sectional study design determined the correlation ... |
|
| Mechanism of RDX-Induced Seizures in Rats |
Sep-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Larry R Williams; Desmond I Bannon; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE APG MD HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH PROGRAM
|
| RDX is found in soil and ground water in and surrounding training ranges, creating potential hazards to human health. Oral RDX over-exposure causes seizure in rats and humans, the mechanism of which is unknown. In this study rats were dosed orally at 75 mgkg RDX to induce seizure. The brain concentration of RDX was determined in samples taken from rats euthanized at the time of seizure onset: brain acetylchohnesterase was ... |
|
| Effects of Form Perception and Meaning on the Visual Evoked Potential with Author's Update |
Sep-2009 |
338 pages |
| Authors:
Melvyn E Kalich; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Visual evoked responses (VER) from different interpretations of reversible figures, simple geometrical forms, and consonant-vowel-consonant (cvc) trigrams with differently ordered consonants were studied over a 2-year period in three adult human subjects. Stimuli were all black line figures subtending less than 2 degrees, seen against a white, square, 10-degree background and presented in random order with a random interstimulus interval. VERs were obtained from six active electrode sites. VER wave ... |
|
| Fabrication and Testing of a Blast Concussion Burst Sensor |
Jun-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
John A Judge; Scott A Mathews; CATHOLIC UNIV OF AMERICA WASHINGTON DC
|
| In this project, we seek to design passive, wearable sensors for military personnel that will provide an indication of the severity of exposure to explosive blasts in an easily decipherable manner immediately after the fact. This will allow soldiers who may have traumatic brain injury (or other injury) that is not immediately apparent to seek medical attention, and also provide some basic information about the blast to medical personnel treating ... |
|
| Sensors to Assess Pressure-Mediated Effects on Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury |
Mar-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Mikulas Chavko; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| This study was designed to investigate the contributions of direct impact of blast on the skull in two different orientations: face-on and side-on orientation. To assess a loading force on a target with different impact areas two piezoelectric (PCB) sensors were placed inside a shock tube in parallel and perpendicular orientations to the blast wave. Results show that the face-on pressure is much higher than the static, side-on pressure. In ... |
|
| Promethazine as a Novel Prophylaxis and Treatment for Nerve Agent Poisoning |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R K Kan; C P Tompkins; D M Kniffin; T A Hamilton; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY BRANCH
|
| The present study evaluated promethazine, an FDA-approved antihistamine, for treating the toxic effects of soman (GD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 240-300 g, were pretreated 30 minutes prior to or treated less than or equal 1 minute after GD administration (180 mg/kg, sc) with promethazine alone (40 mg/kg, ip) or in combination with oxime reactivator HI-6 (125 mg/kg, ip) and atropine methylnitrate (AMN; 2.0 mg/kg, im). The incidence of convulsions, percentage ... |
|
| 5th Annual World Congress of IBMISPS on Brain Mapping & Image Guided Therapy held at The University of California, Los Angeles on 26-29 August 2008 |
Oct-2008 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Babak Kateb; INTERNATIONAL BRAIN MAPPING AND ISP SOCIETY WEST HOLLYWOOD CA
|
| The third (sic) annual meeting of International Brain Mapping & Intra-operative Surgical Planning Society (IBMISPS) was held at UCLA-California Nano-System Institute (CNSI). IBMISPS is a non-profit society organized for the purpose of encouraging basic and clinical scientists who are interested in areas of Brain Mapping and Intraoperative Surgical planning to improve the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients afflicted with neurological disorders. Currently, there is no combined conference on both ... |
|
| Brain Damage from Soman-Induced Seizures Is Greatly Exacerbated by Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): Modest Neuroprotection by 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2- APB), a Transient Receptor Potential Channel Inhibitor and Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate Receptor Antag |
04-Mar-2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald P Ballough; Robert K Kan; James D Nicholson; Denise M Fath; Christina P Tompkins; Gina M Moffa; Margaret G Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Soman is a nerve-agent that produces seizures and seizure-related brain damage (SRBD). It is well known that termination of soman-induced seizures, using anticonvulsant drug therapy, would be the ideal means of preventing SRBD. However, these seizures quickly develop into status epilepticus and become refractory to anticonvulsant therapy shortly after their onset. Medical care for some battlefield casualties will likely be delayed beyond the therapeutic window of opportunity to terminate soman-induced ... |
|
| Incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Burned Service Members: Preliminary Report |
FEB 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn M. Gaylord; Douglas B. Cooper; Janyna M. Mercado; Jan E. Kennedy; Linda H. Yoder; John B. Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Although sustaining physical injury in theater increases service members' risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), exposure to explosive munitions may increase the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The authors hypothesized a higher incidence of PTSD and mTBI in service members who sustained both burn and explosion injuries than in nonexplosion-exposed service members. A retrospective review of PTSD and mTBI assessments was completed on burned service members between September ... |
|
| Evaluating the Epidemiology of Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants of U.S. Military Families |
Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret A Ryan; Gia R Gumbs; David W Lloyd; Ava M Conlin; Heather T Keenan; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Background: Evaluating the incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injuries in young children, encompassing shaken baby syndrome and related injuries, is an epidemiologic challenge. Data available on US military families may complement other national surveillance efforts. Methods: A protocol was developed to assess the epidemiology of inflicted traumatic brain injuries among infants of US military families, leveraging data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry, healthcare utilization databases, ... |
|
| 2008 Annual Report TATRC |
Jan-2008 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND MATERIEL COMMAND FORT DETRICK MD TELEMEDICINE AND ADVANCED TECH RESEARCH CENTER
|
| TATRC had many opportunities to support the deployed Warfighter in 2008. Highlights of our accomplishments are illustrated throughout this report. It is beyond the scope of this summary to present the important achievements of each one of our more than 500 active programs and projects. However, I want to highlight the activities of one important TATRC program area: the tele-traumatic brain injury (Tele-TBI) Program, led by TATRC Deputy Director COL ... |
|
| Estimated Costs of U.S. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and of Other Activities Related to the War on Terrorism |
24 OCT 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Orszag; CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| At the request of Chairman Spratt, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has totaled the funding provided through fiscal year 2007 for military and diplomatic operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and other activities associated with the war on terrorism, as well as for related costs incurred by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for medical care, disability compensation, and survivors' benefits. In addition to totaling the funding provided to date, CBO ... |
|
| Math-Based Simulation Tools and Methods |
10 OCT 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sudhakar Arepally; ARMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| These briefing charts review numerous mathematical methods for simulating crashworthiness and occupant protection in motor vehicles. The following methods are reviewed: matrix operations, ordinary and partial differential system of equations, Lagrangian operations, Fourier transforms, Taylor Series, Finite Difference Methods, implicit and explicit finite element methods, and statistical methods (probabilistic and regression analysis). The slides are labeled as follows: HMMWV 30-mph Rollover Test, Soldier Gear Effects, Occupant Performance in Blast Effects, ... |
|
| International Brain Mapping |
01 AUG 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Babek Kateb; INTERNATIONAL BRAIN MAPPING AND ISP SOCIETY WEST HOLLYWOOD CA
|
| The third annual meeting International Brain Mapping & Intra-operative Surgical Planning Society (IBMISPS) was held in Clermont Ferrand, France (Sep 5-8, 2006). The Society is organized for the purpose of encouraging leading basic and clinical scientists who are interested in or active in areas of Brain Mapping (BM) and Intra-operative Surgical Planning (ISP) to share their findings with other physicians and scientists across disciplines. Currently there is no combined conference ... |
|
| United States Military Casualty Statistics: Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom |
08 JUN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Hannah Fischer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | This report presents difficult-to-find statistics regarding U.S. military casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF, Afghanistan), including those concerning medical evacuations, amputations, and the demographics of casualties. Some of these statistics are publicly available at the Department of Defense's (DoD's) website, while others have been obtained through contact with experts at DoD. Daily updates of total U.S. military casualties in OIF and OEF can be found ... |
|
| Reduction of Blast Induced Head Acceleration in the Field of Anti-Personnel Mine Clearance |
2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
A. Makris; J. Nerenberg; J. P. Dionne; C. R. Bass; C. Chichester; MED-ENG SYSTEMS INC OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| The blast wave that is generated from the detonation of an anti-personnel mine can induce significant accelerative loading to the head of a deminer, when the wave collides with the victim. The injury potential posed by the resulting head acceleration in the context of demining, has not been previously studied. Instrumented anthropomorphic surrogates were used to evaluate the protective capabilities of various types of helmet systems employed in demining, for ... |
|
| Protection Against Chemical Agent-Induced, Seizure-Related Neuronal Cell Death |
17 AUG 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald P. Ballough; Margaret G. Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Control of seizure activity is the most critical factor in development of brain damage following nerve agent poisoning. While seizure-related brain damage can be prevented by administration of an anticonvulsant drug, battlefield conditions may preclude prompt administration of the convulsant antidote for nerve agents (CANA). The currently fielded CANA is diazepam. Diazepam may not prevent or arrest seizures in all individuals. At the present time there is no capability for ... |
|
| Neuroprotection for Nerve Agent-Induced Brain Damage |
17 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Newmark; Gerald P. Ballough; Margaret G. Filbert; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This presentation will explain the rationale behind the neuroprotection Science Plan which has been established at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense as part of the medical chemical defense program. This program attempts to address a need that has not been specifically addressed before in any country, which is specifically to save vulnerable neurons that have been damaged due to seizures secondary to exposure to nerve agents. ... |
|
| Midazolam: An Improved Anticonvulsant Treatment for Nerve Agent-Induced Seizures |
17 AUG 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John H. McDonough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The drug midazolam has been recommended to replace diazepam as the immediate anticonvulsant treatment for nerve agent-induced seizures. This recommendation marks the latest decision in an ongoing program to improve medical countermeasures to treat nerve agent poisoning. Extensive rodent screening studies first identified midazolam as the most promising compound to focus on for advanced testing. Midazolam was then evaluated directly with diazepam for the ability to terminate nerve agent seizures ... |
|
| Neurocognitive Features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Non-Clinical Adult Sample |
17 AUG 2005 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Su-Jong Kim; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF MEDICAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Cognitive difficulties are frequently documented in clinical Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) samples. Whether these cognitive weaknesses are associated with ADHD symptoms in non-clinical samples is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognitive performance in a non-clinical adult sample of 75 men and women ages 20 to 49. Self-report measures of ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological assessments examining sustained attention, inhibition, impulsivity, and working memory were ... |
|
| Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences |
APR 2004 |
513 pages |
| Authors:
Alan I. Faden; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Understanding and modifying plasticity/recovery within the central nervous system (CNS) represents the over-arching theme of this multidisciplinary research program. Participating investigators have used tools from cellular and molecular neurobiology, as well as systems neuroscience, to study mechanisms of neuronal cell death, as well as plasticity, after acute or chronic CNS injury. This included development/evaluation of pharmacological strategies to limit tissue damage and enhance recovery after acute or chronic neurodegeneration. Magnetic ... |
|
| Mechanisms of Neuronal Apoptosis In Vivo |
FEB 2004 |
462 pages |
| Authors:
Lee J. Martin; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| Neuronal cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) has broad significance for military personnel in combat and veteran status and civilians. Neuronal cell death in the form of apoptosis or necrosis occurs after exposure to neurotoxins, chemical warfare agents, radiation, viruses, and after seizures, trauma, limb amputation, and hypoxic-ischemia caused by cardiac arrest, stroke, asphyxiation, and increased intracranial pressure. Secondary brain damage can result from hemorrhagic and hypovolemic shock. ... |
|
| Proteolytic Mechanisms of Cell Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury |
OCT 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald L. Hayes; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| In addition to being the leading cause of death for civilians under 45 years of age, recent studies have confirmed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is also one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality on the modem battlefield. Specifically, 40% of battlefield fatalities in the Viet Nam war were due to head wounds and it has been reported that, patients arriving alive at military field hospitals, 20% ... |
|
| Neuroprotection from Brain Injury by Novel Estrogen |
JUN 2003 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
James W. Simpkins; UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER FORT WORTH TX
|
| The present program of research aimed at determining the neuroprotective activity of novel estrogens in both male and female animal models for brain ischemic damage. We proposed to achieve 4 technical aims over the course of 3 years. These aims related to a description of the activity of several estrogens against cerebral damage induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in a rodent model, when the estrogens were administered prior to ... |
|
| Efficacy of Countermeasures Against Traumatic Brain Injuries Sustained in Airborne Operations |
JUN 2003 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
John S. Crowley; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Airborne operations regularly expose paratroopers to risk of head impact. Even relatively mild head impacts, while not life threatening, can cause short-term impairment from dizziness, headaches, memory loss, lack of ability to concentrate, and irritation. These symptoms jeopardize soldier survivability and mission success. There is an obvious need to protect the soldier in these environments and reduce the head injury rate to a minimum. The objectives of this research program ... |
|
| Vietnam Head Injury Study Phase III: A 30-Year Post-Injury Follow-Up Study |
OCT 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Jordan H. Grafman; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| Implementation of the Vietnam Head Injury Study Phase III (VHIS3) was delayed this last year pending negotiations with the National Naval Medical Center (NNMC) regarding space and testing costs. In Oct 2002, an understanding was reached, and the necessary space has been obtained. All fiscal matters were resolved with one exception; NNMC will be unable to provide computed tomography brain scans (to measure the size and location of brain damage)and ... |
|
| Paralysis in Nerve Agent Toxicosis in Guinea Pigs |
SEP 2002 |
|
| Authors:
R. W. Bide; L. Schofield; D. J. Risk; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUFFIELD (ALBERTA)
|
| Since the discovery of the G-type nerve agents, there have been numerous studies of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement in the etiology of organophosphate poisoning, notably associated with status Elipticus and/or "electrographic seizures". Brain damage from these effects has been demonstrated as "neuronal necrosis" primarily in the cortex, thalamus and hippocampus. However, despite recurring references to CNS damage, to the author's knowledge there have been no reports of long term ... |
|
| Modeling Cyclic Variation of Intracranial Pressure |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
M. L. Daley; R. L. Pasley; C. W. Leffler; MEMPHIS UNIV TN DEPT OF COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| To test the theoretical feasibility that low frequency baseline changes of the intracranial pressure (ICP) recording during mechanical ventilation are due to cyclic extravascular compressional modulation primarily of the cerebral venous bed, an established isovolumetric model of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics proposed by Ursino was modified. These modifications were made to address the hypothesis that: (1) cyclic extravascular compressional modulation of the cerebral venous bed occurs during positive pressure inhalation, and ... |
|
| Effects of Pulsatile Versus Nonpulsatile Flow on Cerebral Hemodynamics During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass With Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
A. Undar; W. K. Vaughn; J. H. Calhoon; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
|
| Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with total circulatory arrest (TCA) adversely affects the neurologic outcome of pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. This study is designed to determine the effects of pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion on regional and global cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral oxygen delivery, (CDO2), and cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) before and after TCA in a neonatal piglet model. Twelve piglets were used in pulsatile ... |
|
| Altering Movement Patterns in Healthy and Brain-Injured Subjects Via Custom Designed Robotic Forces |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Patton; F. A. Mussa-Ivaldi; W. Z. Rymer; NORTHWESTERN UNIV CHICAGO IL MEDICAL SCHOOL
|
| We investigated robotic methods for teaching movements to hemiparetic subjects using novel techniques for neuro-adaptive control. Eight healthy subjects and twelve hemiparetic stroke subjects were exposed to novel viscous forces during planar movement of the hand towards a visual target. These forces were initially responsible for significant movement errors, but were followed by automatic adaptation. The forces were designed so that unexpected withdrawal would result in a pronounced after-effect, consisting ... |
|
| Pyridostigmine-Induced Neurodegeneration: Role of Neuronal Apoptosis |
OCT 2000 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Isom; PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN
|
| Pyridostigmine produces subtle degeneration of brain cells when given to rats twice daily for 4 days. Apoptotic brain cell damage can be detected throughout the cerebral cortex and in the striatum and hippocampus with higher doses. The process of apoptotic cell death initiated by pyridostigmine continues after treatment with this drug is terminated. Atropine is able to prevent the destruction of brain cells by pyridostigmine, both in vivo and in ... |
|
| Emergency Interventions After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Effect on Neuropathology and Functional Outcome |
AUG 2000 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick M. Kochanek; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to combat morbidity/ mortality. Studies in models of TBI have focused on novel mediators and mechanisms. We used controlled cortical impact (CCI), a contemporary model of TBI in rats to study field-oriented treatments. The following technical objectives were addressed: 1) What is the optimal ventilation strategy? 2) Is hypothermia beneficial? and 3) What is the optimal sedative/analgesic? A fourth ... |
|
| U.S. Army Medical Department Journal (January-March 2000) |
Mar-2000 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy L Thomas; James B Peake; Petra De Goodman; Robert A Lorenzo; Dennis LaRavia; Charles P O'Hara; Robert L Goodman; ARMY MEDICAL DEPT CENTER AND SCHOOL FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| This issue of the AMEDD Journal contains several articles of interest. Proceedings of the 1999 Madigan Research Day identifies the award-winning research abstracts of this annual Madigan Army Medical Center event. Personality Traits and Types of Army Nurse Corps Officers explores the results of a standardized personality inventory administered to company grade Army Nurse Corps Officers. Making the Leap to 91W: A Transition Guide for Leaders focuses on the strategies ... |
|
| Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences |
NOV 1998 |
140 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Ledley; NATIONAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATIONWASHINGTON DC
|
| GICCS is a multidisciplinary neuroscience research institute whose mission is to understand higher cognitive function-both under normal and pathological conditions. Its major focus areas are: higher auditory processing and language; brain injury and plasticity; computational neuroscience; and drug discovery. GICCS faculty have continued to elucidate the complex mechanisms of higher auditory processing in experimental animals, from bats to primates. Parallel research in humans, using functional brain imaging and cognitive psychology, ... |
|
| Neuroprotective Effects of HU-211 on Brain Damage Resulting from Soman- induced Seizures |
OCT 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Margaret G. Filbert; Jeffry S. Forster; Catherine D. Smith; Gerald P. Ballough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The neuroprotective effects of HU-211 on soman-induced, seizure- related brain damage were examined in rats challenged with 180 %microngram/kg soman (i.e., 1.6 LD50) and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg HU-211 at 5 or 40 min following seizure onset. HU-211 had no effect on seizure strength or duration. Nevertheless, temporal lobe necrosis was significantly reduced at both 5 min and 40 min (76 and 72 % respectively), indicating ... |
|
| The Neural Basis and Functional Characteristics of Peripheral Vision |
AUG 1998 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Colin Blakemore; OXFORD UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| This project studied the processing of visual information, especially in the periphery of the visual field, employing several techniques (single-unit recording and optical recording from the cortex in anesthetized and inanesthetized animals; psychophysics, dense array recording of event-related potentials and functional neuroimaging PET and fMRI) in human volunteers and patients with brain damage). Peripheral vision is important not only because it selects and directs fixation towards interesting visual targets for ... |
|
| U.S. Army Medical Department Journal (March-April 1998) |
Apr-1998 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
James B Peake; Donald Gebhart; Kathryn M Gaylord; Jacqueline E McQuay; Daniel Kayanan; Wayne Farmer; Domenic A Sammarco; Eric I Hassid; E C Ehresmann; Wayne R Austerman; ARMY MEDICAL DEPT CENTER AND SCHOOL FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Values are core beliefs that are fundamental to an organization and its members. Values form the very foundation on which units, activities, and policies are built. The Army has a specific set of values that should be familiar to all in the Army Medical Department (AMEDD). They are easy to remember because they form the mnemonic LEADERSHIP: Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. Evidence of these ... |
|
| Noninvasive Intracranial Volume and Pressure Measurements Using Ultrasound |
MAR 1998 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Alan R. Hargens; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION MOFFETT FIELD CA AMES RESEARCHCENTER
|
| Prevention of secondary brain injuries following head trauma can be accomplished most easily when intracranial pressure (ICP) is monitored. However, current measurement techniques are invasive and thus not practical in the combat environment. The Pulsed Phase Lock Loop (PPLL) device, which was developed and patented by consultants Dr. Yost and Dr. Cantrell, uses a unique, noninvasive ultrasonic phase comparison method to measure slight changes in cranial volume which occur with ... |
|
| Impact Head Injury: Responses, Mechanisms, Tolerance, Treatment and Countermeasures (les Traumatismes craniens consecutifs aux impacts: les mecanismes, la tolerance, le traitement et les |
NOV 1997 |
|
| Authors:
ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| These proceedings include the Technical Evaluation Report, a Keynote Address, and 23 invited papers, of the Specialists' Meeting sponsored jointly by the AGARD Aerospace Medical Panel, the Stapp Car Crash Conference Advisory Committee and the Society of Automotive Engineers. It was held at Mescalero, NM, from 7-9 November 1996. Severe head injury resulting from vehicular accidents is a major concern to military and civilian health care workers. Significant ... |
|
| Early Detection of NF1 Brain Tumor Growth and Treatment Response by MRI,MRS and PET in a Trial of Novel Antitumor Drugs |
OCT 1997 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Peter C. Phillips; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| This, the final report for all clinical research studies conducted under the US Army BAA for Neurofibromatosis type 1, reviews the progress made between January, 1994 (Army approved start date) and October, 1997 (completion of data accrual for all studies) concerning the conduct and preliminary results from NF-1 Clinical Trials Consortium studies. It is organized into three sections: (1) a description of the clinical trials ... |
|
| Chronic Organophosphorus Exposure and Cognition |
MAY 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Jerry J. Buccafusco; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA RESEARCH INST
|
| Protracted exposure to low levels of organophosphorus (OP) compounds impairs acetylcholine degradation by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, in humans, may produce lasting neurotoxicity affecting cognitive function. The present studies examined the ability of such exposure to impair performance of novel or well-learned cognitive-related tasks in rats. Withdrawal from the chronic exposure to a low-dose regimen of diisopropyl- fluorophosphate (DFP, 0.25 mg day/14 days) impaired novel navigational ... |
|
| Neurotoxicity of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Mechanism, Prophylaxis and Therapy |
JAN 97 |
|
| Authors:
Didima M. De Groot; E. P. Bierman; A. L. Van de Laaken; B. P. Melchers; I. H. Philippens; NUTRITION AND FOOD RESEARCH INST TNO ZEIST (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The NMDA antagonist TCP was studied in soman-intoxicated guinea pigs pretreated with pyridostigmine and atropine sulphate (SoTCP animals). TCP appeared to be very effective in the treatment of casualties that suffered from soman-induced seizures for 30 min.: (1) Seizures were arrested approximately 4 min after the TCP-injection; 15 min after TCP, the qEEs showed a reduction in EEG-activity in all frequency bands from the 100- to 200-fold activity in soman ... |
|
| Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences |
NOV 96 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Ledley; NATIONAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION WASHINGTON DC
|
| During the past fiscal year faculty recruitment for the Institute has been completed: 3 professors, 1 associate professor, 12 assistant professors, and 5 research associates. In addition, 16 post-doctoral fellows and 13 technicians have been recruited, and the administrative staff has been hired. Laboratories for most of the faculty are now fully equipped and functional; the others are rapidly nearing completion. A 7 Tesla experimental NMR facility is now operational ... |
|
| Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Brain Damage. Are Free Radicals a Common Effector Linkage? |
FEB 96 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas L. Pazdernik; KANSAS MENTAL RETARDATION RESEARCH CENTER KANSAS CITY
|
| The problem under investigation is testing the hypothesis that neurotoxins initiate a cascade of events that converge on the redox mechanisms common to brain injury. Neurotoxins (e.g., soman, kainic acid, cyanide, etc.) initiate biochemical changes in brain that lead either to marked hyperactivity (i.e., soman- or kainic acid-induced seizures) or hypoactivity (i.e., cyanide- induced comatose) of brain regions. In both situations, protective mechanisms are activated to conserve energy, but eventually ... |
|
| Neurotoxicity of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Mechanism, Prophylaxis, and Therapy (Organophosphates). Subtitle: Effects of TCP and Additional Drug Treatment on Soman-Induced Convulsions and Brain Damage. A Study on Symptomatology, EEG and Pathology in Rat |
31 DEC 94 |
|
| Authors:
Didima M. De Groot; E. P. Bierman; A. H. Van Huygevoort; B. P. Melchers; P. L. Bruijnzeel; MEDICAL BIOLOGICAL LAB RVO-TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The effects of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist N-1-(2- MIENYL)CYCLOHEXYLpiperidine (TCP) treatment on soman-induced convulsions, EEG seizures and brain damage were studied in rats, some of which were with drugs to protect against lethality. For comparison, pilot studies with another NMDA receptor antagonist MK8Ol were carried out. The results showed that, to establish a neuroprotective effect of TCP, it seems essential to interfere at earlier stages in the sequence ... |
|
| Research On PGI sub 2 and TXA sub 2 Effects at Times of Hyperbaric Oxygenation of Domestic Rabbits with Acute Cerebral Ischemia Reirrigation Damage |
15 DEC 94 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Teng Yansheng; Gao Guangkai; NATIONAL AIR INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| 33 New Zealand white rabbits were taken and randomly divided into a control group, a hyperbaric air group, and a hyperbaric oxyengation (HBO) group. All were reirrigated types following the creation of acute, incomplete cerebral ischemia. Respective measurements were taken of the overall carotid artery and interior jugular vein blood gases as well as cortical brain tissue homogenate amounts of 6-Keto-PGF1 and TXB2 contained. In conjunction with this, pathological investigations ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
BRAIN DAMAGE
