| Determinants of Weight Gain in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer |
30-Apr-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Chi-Chen Hong; HEALTH RESEARCH INC BUFFALO NY
|
 | Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis is common, and it has been associated with poorer prognosis. The goals of the study are to examine weight gain in relation to treatment-related changes in sex hormone levels, and to genetic polymorphisms in sex hormone pathways, accounting for potential interactions with energy balance, psychosocial factors, tumor characteristics, cancer treatment, and medication use. Since sex hormones and glucocorticoids regulate body weight and adipose tissue ... |
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| Factors Influencing Manual Performance in Cold Water Diving |
01-Apr-2008 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
J B Morrison; J K Zander; SHEARWATER HUMAN ENGINEERING NORTH VANCOUVER (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
|
| With the introduction of new communications and display technologies, the ability of divers to operate complex controls becomes an important factor in systems design. This study evaluates the effects of pressure, gloves, and cold on three components of manual performance: grip strength, tactile sensitivity and manual dexterity. Performance was evaluated at 0.4 and 40 msw: with and without gloves in 25 deg C water, and with gloves in 4 deg ... |
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| Impact of a Protective Vest and Spacer Garment on Exercise-Heat Strain |
2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel N. Cheuvront; Daniel A. Goodman; Robert W. Kenefick; Scott J. Montain; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Protective vests worn by global security personnel, and weighted vests worn by athletes, may increase physiological strain due to added load, increased clothing insulation and vapor resistance. The impact of protective vest clothing properties on physiological strain, and the potential of a spacer garment to reduce physiological strain, was examined. Eleven men performed 3 trials of intermittent treadmill walking over 4 h in a hot, dry environment (35 C, 30% ... |
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| Effect of Heat Acclimation on Sweat Minerals |
DEC 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Troy D. Chinevere; Robert W. Kenefick; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Henry C. Lukaski; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Purpose: This study examined the impact of 10 days of exercise-heat acclimation on sweat mineral concentrations. Methods: Eight male subjects walked on a treadmill at 3.5 mph, 4% grade for 100 continuous minutes or until rectal temperature reached 39.5 C on 10 consecutive days in an environmental chamber set at 45 C, 20% relative humidity. Arm sweat samples were collected during the first 30 min of exercise-heat stress on days ... |
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| The Efficacy of an Air-Cooling Vest to Reduce Thermal Strain for Light Armour Vehicle Personnel |
JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Tom M. McLellan; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
 | Light armour vehicle (LAV) personnel are being subjected to high ambient temperatures and radiant heat loads for hours during recent deployments to Afghanistan. One option to reduce the heat strain of crew members is to use the existing air-conditioning discharge outlets as a source of cool air to provide microclimate cooling through an individual air-vest. In this study, seven males were exposed to either hot, dry (HD, 49 C, 10% ... |
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| The Effect of Harp Music on Heart Rate, Mean Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate, and Body Temperature in the African Green Monkey |
2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sarah B. Hinds; Susan Raimond; Bret K. Purcell; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The effectiveness of recorded harp music as a tool for relaxation for nonhuman primates (NHP) is explored in this study. Konigsberg Instruments Model T27F-1B cardiovascular telemetry devices were implanted into nine African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). After post-surgical recovery, animals were exposed to recorded harp music. Telemetry data were collected on heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature for a 30-minute baseline period before music exposure; a ... |
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| Thermoregulatory Function During the Marathon |
2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W. Kenefick; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Marathon races are performed over a broad range of environmental conditions. Hyperthermia is a primary challenge for runners in temperature and warm weather, but hypothermia can be a concern during cool-wet or cold conditions. Body temperature during the marathon is a balance between metabolic heat production and exchange with the environment described by the heat balance equation. During exercise, core temperature is proportional to the metabolic rate and largely independent ... |
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| Effect of Palm Cooling with Negative Pressure on Heat Balance During Exercise in a Hot, Dry Environment |
15 NOV 2006 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Suzanne Schneider; Rob Robergs; Steve Verney; Fabiano Amorium; Paulette Yamada; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE
|
| Military personnel often must work in hot environments, increasing the risk of hyperthermia. Our purpose was to evaluate a new rapid thermal exchange device (RTX) in slowing the development of hyperthermia and associated symptoms to 3 other conditions [hand immersed in water bath (WB), water-perfused vest (VEST), and a no- cooling condition (NC)] in subjects exercising in a hot environment (42C, 30% rh) wearing summer fatigues, a backpack and body ... |
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| Damage Control Resuscitation: A New Paradigm for Fluid Resuscitation of Severely Injured Soldiers |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
John B Holcomb; Michael A Dubick; Jill L Sondeen; Bijan S Kheirabadi; Angel V Delgado; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Recent studies have demonstrated that bleeding disorders are common in the most severely injured trauma patients on admission to the hospital, highlighting the importance of treating this coagulopathy at the earliest stage possible. The concept of damage control resuscitation, which includes hypotensive and hemostatic resuscitation components, was introduced as a new approach to treat these patients at the highest risk of dying. Research studies are being conducted in both experimental ... |
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| Admission Physiology Criteria After Injury on the Battlefield Predict Medical Resource Utilization and Patient Mortality |
OCT 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Brian J. Eastridge; Jimmie Owsley; James Sebesta; Alec Beekley; Charles Wade; Robert Wildzunas; Peter Rhee; John Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Medical resources and resource allocation are of prime importance in the modern combat environment. We hypothesized that easily measurable admission physiologic criteria and injury site as well as injury severity calculated after diagnostic evaluation or surgical intervention, would be strongly correlated with resource utilization and in theater mortality outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed the Joint Theater Trauma Registry for all battlefield casualties presenting to surgical component facilities during Operation Iraqi Freedom ... |
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| Intermittent Microclimate Cooling During Exercise-Heat Stress in US Army Chemical Protective Clothing |
10 FEB 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Cadarette; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Margaret A. Kolka; Lou A. Stephenson; Scott J. Montain; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| The effectiveness of intermittent, microclimate cooling for men who worked in US Army chemical protective clothing (modified mission-oriented protective posture level 3; MOPP 3) was examined. The hypothesis was that intermittent cooling on a 2 min on-off schedule using a liquid cooling garment (LCG) covering 72% of the body surface area would reduce heat strain comparably to constant cooling. Four male subjects completed three experiments at 30 deg C, 20% ... |
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| The Adaptive Response to Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Mammalian Hibernation |
23 JAN 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Hannah V. Carey; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| The goal of this project is demonstrate how mammalian hibernators utilize the physiologic consequences of metabolic depression, which include changes in mitochondrial function, low body temperatures (Tb) and reduced blood flow, to activate cellular signaling pathways that minimize oxidative damage to sensitive tissues during torpor-arousal cycles. Specific Aim 1 examines oxidative stress to the gut of ground squirrels during the seasonal cycle. Specific Aim 2 examines consequences of intestinal oxidative ... |
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| Initial Capability Decision Aid (ICDA) Thermal Prediction Model and its Validation |
JAN 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Miyo Yokota; Larry G. Berglund; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The ICDA (Initial Capability Decision Aid) is a heat stress prediction model recently developed for monitoring the physiological status of Soldiers. ICDA utilizes real time input of metabolic activity derived from heart rate and air temperature. The model validation was conducted using data from three laboratory studies with varied environments (i.e., 27 deg C/75%RH; 49 deg C/l8%; 35 deg C/45%), clothing configurations and heat acclimation status. Subjects walked on a ... |
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| No Effect of Moderate Hypohydration or Hyperthermia on Anaerobic Exercise Performance |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
S. N. Cheuvront; R. Carter; E. M. Haymes; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Purpose: This study examined the effects of hypohydration and moderate hyperthermia (core temperature elevation) on anaerobic exercise performance in a temperate environment. Methods: Eight active males completed two passive heat exposure trials (180-min, 45 degrees C, 50%rh) with (EUH) and without (HYP) fluid replacement. A single 15-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was used to assess anaerobic performance (peak power, mean power, and fatigue index) before (-180-min) and again a three ... |
|
| Physiological Systems and Their Responses to Conditions of Heat and Cold |
2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Michael N. Sawka; Andres J. Young; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Individuals exercise and work in a wide range of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, sun, wind, rain, other water) Depending upon the environmental conditions, metabolic rate, and clothing, exercise can accentuate either heat gain or heat loss, causing body temperature to rise or fall. Humans normally regulate body (core) temperatures near 37 degrees C and fluctuations within the narrow range of 35 to 41 degrees C can degrade exercise performance. Fluctuations ... |
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| Human Endocrine Responses to Exercise-Cold Stress |
28 SEP 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Castellani; D. W. Degroot; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| The combination of cold exposure and exercise performed in this environment elicits profound physiological responses. These include increases in metabolic heat production and vasoconstriction in order to maintain body temperature, changes in fluid balance and changes in substrate mobilization in order to fuel increased metabolic activity. Many of these physiological responses are associated with endocrine secretion and concentration changes. It is acknowledged that differences in plasma levels as a result ... |
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| WBGT Index Temperature Adjustments for Work/Rest Cycles When Wearing NBC Protective Clothing or Body Armor |
10 AUG 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Cadarette; William T. Matthew; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Temperature offsets to the wet bulb, globe temperature index (WBGT), used to provide guidance for work/rest cycles and fluid replacement for Soldiers in the field wearing standard military uniforms, were developed for increased heat stress wearing protective equipment. This report details how those offsets were determined, and shows the basis for the revised offsets in the current TBMED 507. A computer simulation (USARIEM-EXP) was used to calculate core temperatures in ... |
|
| The Effects of Repeated Sub-Toxic Sarin Exposure on Behavior, EEG and Blood and Brain AChE Activity |
AUG 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Melinda R. Roberson; Michelle B. Schmidt; Mary D. Gonzales; Kathleen M. McAvoy; Cerissa P. Francisco; Mark A. Reynolds; John H. McDonough; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Guinea pigs were exposed 5 days/week/two weeks to saline or one of two sarin doses (0.2 or 0.4 x LD50). Animals were assessed for signs of toxicity, changes in body weight and temperature, EEG activity, behavioral and biochemical parameters during exposure (E1-10) and up to 100 days post-exposure (P100). Red blood cell AChE was depressed 60% and 80% respectively in the 0.2 and 0.4 x LD50 groups following E10, returning ... |
|
| N-Isopropylacrylamide-Based Copolymers with Time-Dependent LCST for a Bioresorbable Carrier |
13 JUL 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Bae H. Lee; Brent Vernon; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE DEPT OF BIOENGINEERING
|
| To develop a new class of in situ-forming, injectable, and biodegradable polymeric biomaterials based on time-dependent lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties for localized delivery, copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacryl lactate (HEMA-lactate) and acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared with varying mole ratios of monomers. The copolymers showed LCST and gelation properties below body temperature in 0.1 N PBS solution of pH 7.4. The LCST and gelation temperature of the ... |
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| Thermophysiological Responses of Human Volunteers to Whole Body RF Exposure at 220 MHz |
19 MAY 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Eleanor R. Adair; Dennis W. Blick; Stewart J. Allen; Kevin S. Mylacraine; John M. Ziriax; Dennis M. Scholl; ADVANCED INFORMATION ENGINEERING SERVICES BROOKS CITY-BASE TX
|
| Since 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24-63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures ... |
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| Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather |
01 MAY 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carla L. M. Geurts; Stephen S. Cheung; NEW BRUNSWICK UNIV FREDERICTON
|
| In some occupations it is hard to protect the hands against the severe weather conditions in wintertime due to the requirement to maintain manual dexterity. Decrease in temperature of the hands increases risk of cold injury and deteriorates muscle function and manual dexterity, which in turn decreases productivity. A series of field and lab studies were performed to investigate cold stress and cold acclimation on the neuromuscular function of the ... |
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| Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation |
01 MAY 2005 |
|
| Authors:
M. B. Ducharme; D. I. Sessler; A. Doufas; R. Greif; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| Recent work suggests an influence of the mean body skin (Tsk) and deep body temperatures (Tb) on cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD). For example, minimum finger temperature (Tfi,min)was lower, and the maximum finger temperature (Tfi,max) was greater during CIVD when Tb was elevated, and the onset time of the CIVD response was reduced at higher Tsk. Question remain, though, about the influence of forearm tissue temperature on CIVD at a given Tsk ... |
|
| The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury |
01 MAY 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Clare Eglin; Frank Golden; Michael Tipton; PORTSMOUTH UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| A cold sensitivity test (CST) is one of the assessments used to classify the level of non-freezing cold injury (NFCI) in patients presented to a cold injury clinic. The CST involves sitting in a chamber at 30 C for at least 30 min then immersing the injured site (usually a foot) in water at 15 C for 2 min. The NFCI classification is based on the skin temperature before and ... |
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| Use of Humidex to Set Thermal Work Limits for Emergency Workers in Protective Clothing |
MAY 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
W. R. SANTEE; R. F. Wallace; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| Humidex (HD) is a temperature-humidity index used to provide guidance concerning heat hazards based on normal activities and clothing. Personnel responding to security or NBC threats often wear body armor or protective clothing which can impose a greater heat burden. Our proposal was to use HD to provide short-term guidance for specialized clothing. Our Heat Strain Decision Aid model was used to calculate rectal temperature (Tre) values for combinations of ... |
|
| Effect of Recombinant FVIIA in Hypothermic, Coagulopathic Pigs with Liver Injuries |
APR 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Harold G. Klemcke; Angel Delgado; John B. Holcomb; Kathy L. Ryan; Allen Burke; Rodolpho DeGuzman; Michael Scherer; Douglas Cortez; John Uscilowicz; Joseph Macaitis; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
|
| A study was conducted to evaluate effects of the drug, recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) on survival, survival time, blood loss, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in hypothermic, coagulopathic swine subsequent to severe liver injury and associated hemorrhage. Swine were anesthetized, and catheters were placed in the carotid artery, in the jugular, and in the femoral artery. After midline laparotomy, splenectomy and stabilization of blood pressure, pH, and body temperature, ... |
|
| The Use of Gene Knockout Mice in Thermoregulation Studies |
JAN 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa R. Leon; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| As the use of gene knockout models in thermoregulation studies has gained popularity, the reported incidence of redundant or discrepant phenotypes between studies has also increased, Several gene knockout models mimic human processes and have provided valuable insight into the role of endogenous mediators in thermoregulatory processes. There are also many examples of mutant strains expressing virtually identical phenotypes as their wild-type controls, causing concern regarding the appropriateness of these ... |
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| The Medical Triage Assistant: A Diagnostic Sensor Suite for Far Forward Medical Care |
01 SEP 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Geoffrey S. Ling; Adrian Urias; Ronalee Lo; Catherine Yun; Eleanor Lee; Jeffrey Becker; Sandy Bogucki; Peter Rhee; Hasan Alam; James Ecklund; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| A new method for obtaining critical physiologic data in combat injured war fighters is presented. The device is called the Medical Triage Assistant (MTA). This method uses a wearable glove format that has embedded sensors for electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry and body temperature. Data is collected in real-time. Results are presented applying this device to measure physiologic changes in an anesthetized pig model subjected to hypoxia, cold induced hypothermia, and ... |
|
| Pool Data Acquisition System Documentation |
AUG 2004 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Scott B. Robinson; Laurie A. Blanchard; Robert Soares; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This report describes a data acquisition system developed to obtain body temperature measurements for human volunteers during cold exposure. Since acceptable commercial systems are not available, this system was custom-built to acquire data using National Instruments hardware components and LabVIEW 6.0 Development Software. The system works by integrating signals collected by hardware devices, and the software processes/manipulates by using Virtual Instruments (VI's). This report provides detailed documentation for the construction ... |
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| Prediction of Times of Facial and Finger Freezing During Cold Air Exposure |
AUG 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Tikuisis; Allan A. Keefe; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| The Cold Exposure Survival Model (CESM) has undergone various modifications since its inception as a decision aid for Search and Rescue. The present change is the addition of the prediction of the risk of frostbite of the cheek and finger. This risk is not confined to just the casualty, but it might also apply to the rescuers. Hence, predictions on the risk of frostbite and its rate of onset would ... |
|
| Phase I/II Pilot Study to Assess Toxicity and Efficacy of Chinese Herbs to Treat Hot Flashes and Menopausal Symptoms for Women With a History of Breast Cancer |
AUG 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Mindy Goldman; Debasish Tripathy; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| The management of menopausal symptoms in women with a history of breast cancer poses a major therapeutic challenge. Hot flashes are a significantly bothersome symptom for many post-menopausal women and patients receiving drugs such as tamoxifen. The lack of effective agents for menopausal symptoms and the burgeoning interest in alternative modalities has led to an increasing use of herbal remedies despite a lack of objective data on safety and efficacy. ... |
|
| Defense AT&L Magazine: A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University. Volume 33, Number 4, DAU 180 |
AUG 2004 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Harry W. Bryan; Anthony Pezzano; Peter Burke; Jerry Davis; Keisha Vanleer; Keith B. Howe; Richard B. Rippere; Daniel Ward; Elizabeth A. McGrath; DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FT BELVOIR VA
|
| Defense AT&L magazine is a vehicle for transmitting information on policies, trends, events, ad current thinking affecting program management and Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics. As the flagship publication of the Defense Acquisition University, Defense AT&L also disseminates information on training and education, continuous learning, and e-Learning to those acquisition professionals serving in career positions covered by the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA). |
|
| Fatigue Countermeasures for Rapid Deployment: Operation Pegasus |
JUL 2004 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Jon French; Jeff Whitmore; Didier Lagarde; Maurice Beaumont; Terrell Scoggins; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR/ BIODYNAMICS ANDPROTECTION DIV
|
| The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of slow-release caffeine (SRC) and melatonin (MLT) on sleep and daytime vigilance and SRC or MLT as chronobiotics after a 7-time zone eastbound flight. Three groups of 9 US Air Force reservists each received either five daily doses of SRC (300 mg), four nightly doses of MLT (5 mg) or the appropriate placebo for SRC or MLT in a double-blind, ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance for a Soldier Centered Battlespace Awareness |
JUN 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dylan D. Schmorrow; George Solhan; Amy A. Kruse; OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA
|
| Recent advances in sensor technologies have enabled a net centric view of the battlespace, substantially increasing situational awareness for the warfighter. However, this net centric awareness has yet to be extended to the status of the warfighters themselves. Medical technologies have progressed to the degree that portable, rugged, and wireless designs can be conceived of that could give coalition commanders and medical personnel a view of the health and well-being ... |
|
| Looking for Trouble: A Policymaker's Guide to Biosensing |
JUN 2004 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Armstrong; Patricia Coomber; Stephen Prior; Ashley Dincher; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| Protecting the population against the effects of a bioterrorism attack is one of the most daunting tasks facing government officials. Some of the information required to make informed decisions is highly technical, and even the technical experts do not agree about many of the details or issues involved. This primer is written for the non-technical policymaker and is designed to assist him or her in reaching important decisions regarding how ... |
|
| Research to Develop Biomedical Applications of Free Electron Laser Technology |
MAR 2004 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Parrish; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Specific Aim 1: Develop and test plaque characterization criteria based on bireftingence. Coronary artenes were obtained at autopsy and imaged with the existing OCT system in our laboratory. The specimens were opened and imaged at normal body temperature (37-C) in saline. To ensure proper registration of OCT images with histolog the image location was marked with ink viewable on the OCT image and in the histology section. Routine histologic processing ... |
|
| Biotelemetry Transmitter Implantation in Rodents: Impact on Growth and Circadian Rhythms |
15 JAN 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa R. Leon; Larry D. Walker; David A. DuBose; Lou A. Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| The implantation of a biotelemetry transmitter for core body temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) measurements is hypothesized to have effects on growth and circadian rhythmicity depending on animal body-to- transmitter (B:T) size ratio. This study examined the impact of transmitter implantation (TM) on body weight., food intake (FI), water intake (WI). and circadian Tc and MA rhythms in mice (23.8 +/- 0.04 g) and rats (311.5 +/- 5.1 g) ... |
|
| Model Predictions and Measured Skin Damage Thresholds for 1.54 Micrometers Laser Pulses in Porcine Skin |
JAN 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William P. Roach; Clarence Cain; Kurt Schuster; Kevin Stockton; David S. Stolarski; Robert Galloway; Benjamin Rockwell; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
|
| A new source-term thermal model was used to determine the skin temperature rise using porcine skin parameters for various wavelengths, pulse durations, and laser spot sizes and is compared to the Takata thermal model. Expanding on this preliminary source-term model using a Gaussian profile to describe the spatial extent of laser pulse interaction in skin, we report on the coupling of temporal consideration to the model. Computer simulation of the ... |
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| Hydration Status Monitoring |
2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
R. Carter; S. N. Cheuvront; M. A. Kolka; M. N. Swaka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This paper reviews widely used indices of hydration status in humans. For the purposes of this review, euhydration will refer to "normal" total body water (TBW), whereas hypohydration will refer to a body water deficit. The term dehydration will be used to refer to the dynamic process of body water loss(i.e., the transaction from euhydration to hypohydration). Greenleaf and Sargent, 1965; Sawka, 1992). The term hypovolemia will define when blood ... |
|
| Fluid and Electrolyte Needs for Preparation and Recovery From Training and Competition |
2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Susan M. Shirreffs; Lawrence E. Armstrong; Samuel N. Cheuvront; LOUGHBOROUGH UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| For a person undertaking regular exercise, any fluid deficit trial is incurred during one exercise session can potentially compromise the next exercise session if adequate fluid replacement does not occur. Fluid replacement after exercise can, therefore, frequently be thought of as hydration before the next exercise bout. The importance of ensuring euhydration before exercise and the potential benefits of temporary hyperhydration with sodium salts or glycerol solutions are also important ... |
|
| The Adaptive Response to Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Mammalian Hibernation |
24 OCT 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Hannah V. Carey; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| The goal of this project is demonstrate how mammalian hibernators utilize the physiologic consequences of metabolic depression, which include changes in mitochondrial function, low body temperatures (T sub b) and reduced blood flow, to activate cellular signaling pathways that minimize oxidative damage to sensitive tissues during torpor-arousal cycles. Specific Aim 1 examines oxidative stress to the gut of ground squirrels during the seasonal cycle. (a) accumulation of oxidized lipids in ... |
|
| Biomarker of Radio Frequency Radiation Exposures |
15 SEP 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Robert V. Blystone; John E. Kalns; TRINITY UNIV SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Tissue nitration due to environmental heating (EH) may be tied to availability of NOx in the lungs. Hemorrhagic mimics of EH/MMW (mulimeter wave) blood pressure drops showed no increase in NOx levels. Nitration levels did spike as temperature increased with MMW exposure. Infrared heating could not be matched to MMW heating profiles. Histological examination did reveal a pronounced response 35GHz exposure at long. |
|
| Cold Air Data Acquisition System Documentation |
SEP 2003 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Scott B. Robinson; Laurie A. Blanchard; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This report describes a data acquisition system developed to obtain body temperature measurements for human volunteers during cold air exposure. Since acceptable commercial systems are not available, we had to custom-build this system to acquire data using National Instruments hardware components and LabVlEW 6.0 Developmental Software. This report provides detailed documentation for the construction and operation of the cold air data acquisition system. This report lends to the reader insight ... |
|
| A Comparison of the Predictive Accuracy of Human Thermoregulatory Models |
SEP 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Sanders; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) PLATFORM SCIENCES LAB
|
| The core temperature predictions from four computer models of the human thermoregulatory response were compared with results from laboratory exercise studies published locally and in the open literature. Although none of the models were able to predict deep body temperatures to within an accuracy of 0.1 degrees C to 0.5 degrees C in all instances, the model from the United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (ARIEM) in the ... |
|
| Evaluation of Weather Service Heat Indices Using the USARIEM Heat Strain Decision Aid (HSDA) Model |
JUN 2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Santee; Robert F. Wallace; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The U.S. and Canadian weather services use heat indices as the basis for issuing warnings for a significant hazard of heat injury. However, the U.S. and Canadian indices differ. The U.S. uses the Heat Index (HI) based on Steadman's model. Canada uses Humidex (HD). Our comparison used the USARIEM Heat Strain Decision Aid (HSDA) to evaluate both indices. |
|
| Risk Factors and Mortality in Relation to Heat Illness Severity |
JUN 2003 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Wallace; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
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| Study 1. A case-crossover study was conducted in male and female Marine Corps recruits in basic training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD), Parris Island, SC to investigate the effects of alternative indices of heat exposure on exertional heat illness (EHI) risk. Weather measurements were obtained for 2,069 cases of EHI identified in this population during 1979-1997. As expected, the risk for developing EHI increased with increasing wet bulb globe ... |
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| Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperatures |
27 MAY 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Martin Frank; Hannah V. Carey; AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY BETHESDAMD
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| The overall goal of the APS Intersociety Meeting entitled "The Power Of Comparative Physiology: Evolution Integration And Applied", held from August 24-28, 2002 in San Diego, California, was to bring together comparative biologists who utilize a diversity of approaches including molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal physiology/biochemistry, functional morphology, biomechanics and biophysics, ecology and evolutionary biology to understand physiological processes and traits. The aim of the symposium supported by the ONR ... |
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| Respiratory demand in Individuals Performing Rigorous Physical Tasks in Chemical Protective Ensembles |
05 MAY 2003 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan W. Kaufman; Sherry A. Hastings; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
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| Protection afforded by a respiratory filter depends on chemical or biological agent and flow rate. Filtration mechanisms such as chemical adsorption depend on sufficient residence time for the filter media to extract noxious agents from the airstream. Consequently, filter efficiency is a function of inspiratory air velocities. Filter designs account for this by adjusting bed depth and cross-sectional area to anticipated flow rates. The NATO-standard military filter (C2A1) and many ... |
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| Development of a Guinea Pig Model for Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Organophosphorus Nerve Agents |
MAY 2003 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Chessley R. Atchison; Robert E. Sheridan; Steven M. Duniho; Tsung-Ming A. Shih; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| An animal dosing model and related maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were developed for repeated exposures in guinea pigs to three organophosphorus chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNA). Male animals were injected subcutaneously with sarin (GB), soman (GD) or VX once a day (Monday through Friday) for 2-, 4-, or 13-weeks. An initial 13-week study for each CWNA employed doses of vehicle (normal saline), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 x the previously ... |
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| Real Time Thermoregulatory Model for Extreme Cold Stress: Applicable to Objective Force Warrior (OFW) |
JAN 2003 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaojiang Xu; Gordon Giesbrecht; Richard Gonzalez; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| A mathematical model for predicting shivering and thermoregulatory responses during long term cold exposure has been developed and validated. The basis for this model is a six-cylinder mathematical model of human temperature regulation which was well validated (Xu and Werner, Appl. Human Sci. 16:61-75, 1997) for dynamic conditions: incorporating heat, cold (less than 2 hours), clothing systems, and exercise. To what extent shivering is maintained over a long duration is ... |
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| Simulated Human Responses to Transient Cold Wet Sea Exposure Sequences |
AUG 2002 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Larry G. Berglund; Richard R. Gonzalez; Yuval Heled; Daniel S. Moran; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| The risks of hypothermia were estimated by human simulation modeling for a sea rescue scenario in various cold to cool conditions. The Warfighters were assumed to be wearing a battle dress uniform (BDU) or similar clothing. The exposure sequence started from a resting neutral comfortable thermal state. They then entered the outside air conditions for 15 minutes before entering the water. After 15 minutes in the water they climbed on ... |
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BODY TEMPERATURE
