| Melanocortin and Opioid Peptide Interactions in the Modulation of Binge Alcohol Drinking |
Apr 2012 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Todd E Thiele; Montserrat N Thiele; Mitchell J Picker; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
 | Frequent binge drinking is associated with numerous negative short- and long-term consequences, including an increased risk of accidental injury, violent behavior, depression, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. While illicit drug use and cigarette smoking both decreased significantly in the US military between the period of 1980 to 2002, heavy alcohol use increased. In fact, heavy alcohol use and binge drinking are observed in 27% of the military population. Identifying ... |
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| Physiologic Waveform Analysis for Early Detection of Hemorrhage during Transport and Higher Echelon Medical Care of Combat Casualties |
Nov 2011 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Ramakrishna Mukkamala; MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING
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| Early detection of hemorrhage is crucial for managing combat casualties. However, mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) and other vital signs are late indicators of a bleed. By contrast, cardiac stroke volume (SV), cardiac end-diastolic volume (EDV), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity can provide timely warning of blood volume loss. However, existing methods for their measurement are invasive and/or require a point-of-care operator. On the other hand, a peripheral ABP ... |
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| Sodium Thiosulfate Versus Hydroxocobalamin in the Treatment of Acute, Severe Cyanide Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Swine (Sus Scrofa) Model |
22 Sep 2011 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Vikhyat Bebarta; Julio Lairet; Rebecca Pitotti; Patricia Dixon; Sandra Valtier; Anneke Bush; AIR FORCE MEDICAL WING (59TH) WILFORD HALL MEDICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
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| To compare the return to baseline of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) between 3 groups of swine with acute CN toxicity and treated with HOCOB, ST, or a combination of HOCOB+ST. 36 swine ( 48-52kg) were intubated, anesthetized, instrumented and then poisoned with a continuous CN infusion, until the development of severe hypotension (Time 0-50% of baseline MAP). Animals were randomly assigned to the groups and monitored for 60 min ... |
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| Melanocortin and Opioid Peptide Interactions in the Modulation of Binge Alcohol Drinking |
Apr 2011 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Todd E Thiele; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| Frequent binge drinking is associated with numerous negative short- and long-term consequences, including an increased risk of accidental injury, violent behavior, depression, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. While illicit drug use and cigarette smoking both decreased significantly in the US military between the period of 1980 to 2002, heavy alcohol use increased. In fact, heavy alcohol use and binge drinking are observed in 27% of the military population. Identifying ... |
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| Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis Through Acetylation of the Metabolic Transcriptional Coactivator PGC1-alpha |
Feb 2011 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Pere Puigserver; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
|
| We have tested the hypothesis that acetylation of PGC-1 by GCN5 and associated proteins control hepatic glucose production. Here, a summary of the accomplished tasks is provided. Task 1, a detailed analysis of the role of Pc3 and WDR18 on GCN5-mediated transcription on gluconeogenic genes has been performed. Task 2, we have confirmed that Pc3 and WDR18 are part of the PGC-1 /GCN5 complex but are not required for its ... |
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| Total Xenoestrogen Body Burden in Relation to Mammographic Density, a Marker of Breast Cancer Risk |
OCT 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Amy Trentham-Dietz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental chemicals which have estrogenic activity ("xenoestrogens") and therefore may raise breast cancer risk. This study is evaluating the association of total xenoestrogen burden with mammographic breast density, which is a strong intermediate marker of breast cancer risk. All study procedures and manuals of operation for this study are finalized, and IRB approval obtained. Subject recruitment is complete. Breast density measurements on ... |
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| Influence of Volume and Flow Change on the Electrical Impedance Signal (In Vitro) |
Jan 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
M Bodo; A Garcia; F Pearce; S Van Albert; R Armonda; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| On the basis of preliminary results, rheoencephalography (REG) shows promise as a practical, noninvasive and continuous monitoring modality of brain injuries. However, REG literature reflects uncertainty about whether the signal reflects flow or volume. Presented here are results of in vitro studies manipulating flow/volume to model clinical conditions (such as brain ischemia and vasospasm) while recording the electrical impedance signal. A loop was created using tubing filled with 0.9 % ... |
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| Efficacy of Intranasal Scopolamine Gel for Motion Sickness Treatment in Aviation Candidates |
13-Apr-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Rita G Simmons; Jeffrey B Phillips; Renee A Lojewski; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
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| Results from preliminary studies indicate that intranasal scopolamine (INSCOP) has faster absorption, higher bioavailability and reliable therapeutic index than oral or transdermal forms. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of INSCOP for the treatment of motion-induced sickness and to estimate the rate of absorption. After completing baseline physiolgical, biological and cognitive assessments, 16 aviation candidates were given 0.4 mg of INSCOP and a placebo and were ... |
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| Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor |
Feb-2008 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Popa; TEXAS UNIV AT ARLINGTON
|
| Chemotherapeutic drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit great toxicity; patients have to endure suffering from frequent injection or low dose IV treatment. Thus controlled release and of these drugs and real-time monitoring of the effects of the drug can be an better treatment modality. The Hypotheses are (1): A near-infrared (NIR) imager can non-invasively monitor the vascular oxygenation and blood volumes in prostate tumors. (2): The dynamic response of prostate ... |
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| Third Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting |
MAY 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
David D. Klonoff; DIABETES TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY FOSTER CITY CA
|
| The Third Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting was presented by the Diabetes Technology Society at the San Diego California Marriott Mission Valley Hotel on April 20-21 2007. The attendance was 378 healthcare providers and scientists. The first day of the meeting covered Technologies for Diabetes Monitoring and the second day covered Technologies for Diabetes Therapy. On April 20 2007 which was the Technologies for Diabetes Monitoring day, the first presentation ... |
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| Inspiratory Resistance Maintains Arterial Pressure During Central Hypovolemia: Implications For Treatment Of Combat Casualties With Severe Hemorrhage |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Victor A Convertino; Kathy L Ryan; Caroline A Richards; John B Holcomb; William H Cooke; Ahamed H Idris; Anja Metzger; Keith G Lurie; Bruce D Adams; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
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| Loss of consciousness due to central hypovolemia can occur due to sudden cardiovascular decompensation in normal individuals or hypovolemic shock in wounded patients. A variety of devices have been developed to sustain perfusion to the brain including anti-G suits worn by pilots and returning astronauts and applied to patients as shock trousers. However, all countermeasures developed to date suffer from problems that limit their utility in the field. An impedance ... |
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| The Effects of Exercise Training on Tumor Vascularity and Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Operable Breast Cancer: A Phase I-II Study (Idea Award) |
NOV 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Lee W. Jones; Bercedis Peterson; Kimberly Blackwell; Mark W. Dewhirst; P. K. Marcom; WIlliam Kraus; Jay Baker; Jason D. Allen; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
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| To explore the effects of exercise training on tumor vascularity and response to neoadjuvant therapy in operable breast cancer in a phase I-II randomized design. Method: Using a two-armed, prospective, randomized design, potential participants will be identified and screened for eligibility via medical record review of patients scheduled for their primary neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment consultation at DUMC. Following the successful completion of all baseline assessments participants will be randomly assigned ... |
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| Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor |
FEB 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Popa; Hanli Liu; Liping Tang; TEXAS UNIV AT ARLINGTON
|
| Chemotherapeutic Drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit great toxicity; patients have to endure suffering from frequent injection or low dose IV treatment. Thus controlled release of these drugs will be a treatment modality. Moreover, realtime monitoring of the effects of the drug by sensing the dynamic response of the tumor to a particular drug can significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome. The Hypotheses are (1): A near-infrared (NIR) imager can non-invasively ... |
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| Prostate Cancer Progression and Serum SIBLING (Small Integrin Binding N-Linked Glycoprotein) Levels |
OCT 2005 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Neal Fedarko; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| It is the goal of the current research to develop serum measures of a family of proteins that we have termed SIBLINGs (for small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins) as markers for use in prostate cancer detection and progression by studying a large population of prostate cancer patients, a large normal (cancer-free) population, a population of men with noncancerous prostate disease, and individuals with prostate cancer before, during and after ... |
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| Development of Hemostatic Agents |
01 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
II Moore Bob M.; TENNESSEE UNIV CENTER FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES MEMPHIS
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| To assess the efficacy of a series of novel hemostatic agents in normal and coagulopathic animals subjected to femoral artery hemorrhage. The hemostatic agents comprise different carrier matrices for the delivery of the lead compound CP-305. The objective set forth in this research was to identify candidate formulations that could ultimately prevent hypovolemia and exsanguination resulting from traumatic battlefield injuries. |
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| Desmopression Prevents Immersion Diuresis and Improves Physical Performance After Long Duration Dives |
MAR 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
P. A. Nyquist; J. Schrot; J. R. Thomas; D. Hyde; W. R. Taylor; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Water immersion causes dehydration affecting blood flow to muscle, skin and reduces blood volume. Desmopressin inhibits urine production preventing immersion-induced blood volume loss. This study had two goats 1) examine the effect of Desmopressin on immersion diuresis and 2) any subsequent effects on physical and cognitive performance. Twenty U.S. Navy divers participated in a pool study (72 deg F) and field study (80-82 deg F) for 3.5 hat 10-15 feet ... |
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| Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor |
FEB 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Yueqing Gu; TEXAS UNIV AT ARLINGTON
|
| Chemotherapeutic drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit a great toxicity; patients have to endure the suffering from frequent injection. Thus, chronic and controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs from biodegradable fibers implanted within the prostate tumor stroma will be a superior treatment modality. Furthermore, non-invasive and real-time monitoring of dynamic response and chronic changes of the tumors to therapeutic interventions will help researchers better understand the therapeutic process, and manipulate and ... |
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| Improving Blood Monitoring of Enzymes as Biomarkers of Risk From Anticholinergic Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents |
OCT 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Barry W. Wilson; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Blood biomarkers are an important way to monitor exposure to anticholinergic pesticides and chemical warfare agents and to establish whether some are at greater risk than others from exposure to them. Many clinical and research laboratories use the colorimetric Ellman assay based on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. CHPPM (US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) uses a slower delta pH method based on that of Michel to monitor ... |
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| Application of Gene Expression Analysis with Microarrays and Proteomics to the Problem of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation |
01 SEP 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip Bowman; Baiteng Zhao; James A. Bynum; Jill L. Sondeen; Juliann G. Kiang; Michael A. Dubick; James L. Atkins; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH SAN ANTONIO TX
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| Hemorrhage is the principal cause of death of soldiers on the battlefield. With dispersed troops and future combat operations expecting longer evacuation times and limited availability of medical supplies far-forward, significant improvements in fluid resuscitation will be required if casualties are to be saved. While it is known that a drop in blood pressure below 40 mm Hg or loss of more than 50% of the blood volume is fatal, ... |
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| Opioid Peptides Increase Blood Pressure and Enhance Survival of Rats Undergoing Hemorrhagic Shock Without Fluid Resuscitation |
01 SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Peter R. Oeltgen; Meera Govindaswami; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON DEPT OF PATHOLOGY
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| Rats weighing 300-350 g had catheters placed in the femoral artery (for hemorrhage), tail artery for blood pressure (BP) measurements and the tail vein (for administration of opioids) controls received saline or opioids without hemorrhage. For the moderate hemorrhage studies (5.5 ml hemorrhage volume) animals received saline or Deltorphin-D (Delt-D) a delta specific opioid receptor agonist prior to hemorrhage without fluid resuscitation and post-treated animals received saline or Delt-D 1 ... |
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| Quantitative Mechanistic Modeling of Sublingual PC02 as an Index of Shock Severity and Resuscitation Success |
SEP 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Max H. Weil; INSTITUTE OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE PALM SPRINGS CA
|
| The goal of our study for the first year was to investigate whether the changes in sublingual PCO2 reflect changes in tissue blood flow during hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by a modification of Wigger's method in male domestic pigs weighting 35 to 40 kg. Sublingual PCO2 increased from 60 to 129 mmHg in parallel with average decreases in cardiac output to 44% and mean arterial pressure ... |
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| Folate and Breast Cancer: Role of Intake, Blood Levels, and Metabolic Gene Polymorphisms |
JUN 2004 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Martha J. Shrubsole; VANDERBILT UNIV MEDICAL CENTER NASHVILLE TN
|
| The purpose is training in nutritional and molecular epidemiology to establish an independent investigator. The major hypothesis is that high folate intake is associated with a decreased breast cancer risk particularly among those with MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR polymorphisms. The specific aims are 1) methodological training in the analysis of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions by studying folate intake and metabolic gene polymorphisms in a population-based breast cancer case-control study, 2) ... |
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| Hypohydration Effects on Thermoregulation During Moderate Exercise in the Cold |
26 MAR 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
R. W. Kenefick; N. V. Mahood; M. P. Hazzard; T. J. Quinn; J. W. Castellani; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| Abstract Hyperosmotic hypovolemia impairs vasoconstriction during sedentary cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypohydration alters thermoregulation and cardiovascular responses to exercise in cold air. On four occasions, eight males {35.I (2.7) years, 175.5 (3.1) cm 73.3 (2.6) kg, 57.2 (2.6) ml. kg-1 min-' maximal oxygen uptake( VO2max), 19.6 (2.4)% fat] walked, in t--shirt, shorts, and shoes, at 50% V0Z,nax, for 60 min in either a ... |
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| Hydration Status Monitoring |
2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
R. Carter; S. N. Cheuvront; M. A. Kolka; M. N. Swaka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This paper reviews widely used indices of hydration status in humans. For the purposes of this review, euhydration will refer to "normal" total body water (TBW), whereas hypohydration will refer to a body water deficit. The term dehydration will be used to refer to the dynamic process of body water loss(i.e., the transaction from euhydration to hypohydration). Greenleaf and Sargent, 1965; Sawka, 1992). The term hypovolemia will define when blood ... |
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| Genetic Factors that Affect Tumorigenesis in NF1 |
NOV 2003 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
Karen Stephens; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE
|
| Neurofibromatosis type 1 affects 1/4000 individuals worldwide and predisposes to the growth of both benign and malignant tumors. Our research is focused on NFl microdeletions that are associated with an early onset, and subsequent heavy burden, of cutaneous neurofibromas. We reported that the deletions arise by homologous recombination between 51 kb repeat elements (NR1REP) that flank the NF1 gene. We identified recombination hotspots where 69% of NF1 microdeletions occur and ... |
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| Consequences of Prolonged Hemorrhage on Oxygen Delivery to Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation |
OCT 2003 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Roland N. Pittman; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| The purpose of the proposal is to characterize global hemodynamics and microcirculatory oxygen transport in skeletal muscle in an animal model of severe (40 mm Hg), prolonged (4 hours) hemorrhagic hypotesion (HH) . The target pressure and length of hemorrhage were set in the Army's original request for proposals. Arterial and venous blood pressures, gases, acid-based status, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, hemoglobin, 02 delivery and consumption were measured before and up ... |
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| Assessing Vascular Oxygen Dynamics for Breast Tumor Prognosis: Comparison Between MR BOLD and Near Infrared Method |
SEP 2003 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Yueqing Gu; TEXAS UNIV AT ARLINGTON
|
| The goal of this research is to investigate breast tumor vascular oxygenation, HbO2, and total hemoglobin concentration, Hbtotal, with respect to different interventions by correlating the results of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) with BOLD in MRI. Up to now, I have demonstrated the capability and accuracy of NIRS as a non-invasive real time monitoring tool for tumor vascular oxygenation and blood volume by comparing the simultaneous measurements among three oxygen-related ... |
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| Autonomic and Hemodynamic Correlates of Daily Life Activity and Ambulatory Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease |
20 AUG 2003 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Quigley; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF MEDICAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
|
| Impaired autonomic-cardiac regulation, as defined by reduced levels of heart rate variability (HRV), is an independent predictor of death in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and a history of myocardial infarction. Moreover, transient shifts in HRV have been observed before the acute onset of ambulatory myocardial ischemia in CAD patients. The present study investigated whether or not changes in autonomic-cardiac regulation: (1) were associated with altered hemodynamic regulation in ... |
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| The Effects of Folate on the Development of Breast Cancer in a Chemical Rodent Model of Mammary Carcinogenesis |
AUG 2003 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Kim Young-in; TORONTO UNIV (ONTARIO)
|
| Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary folate intake and blood levels of folate are inversely related to breast cancer risk. Because only few modifiable risk factors for breast cancer exist, the role of folate in modifying breast cancer risk merits further consideration. Folate is an ideal agent for chemoprevention of breast cancer. It is a natural vitamin, inexpensive, virtually free of side effects, and possesses biologically plausible mechanisms for cancer prevention. ... |
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| Receptors, Afferent Signaling and Central Integration in Compensated and Uncompensated Hemorrhagic Shock |
28 FEB 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Alan K. Johnson; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
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| An understanding of the central and peripheral mechanisms which regulate sympathetic outflow during acute blood volume loss is critical for developing therapeutic treatments for hemorrhagic shock Insight into the mechanisms by which melanopeptides, LV-HTS, and serotonergic drugs facilitate sympathetic outflow during hemorrhage may lead to the development of pharmacological interventions for hemorrhagic shock. Recent experiments conducted in our laboratory provide important new information about the saluretic effects and mechanisms of ... |
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| Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Ultrasound and Diffusive Light |
SEP 2002 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Quing Zhu; CONNECTICUT UNIV STORRS
|
| Tumor blood volume and micro-vascular density are parameters anatomically and functionally associated with tumor angiogenesis. During the last decade, rigorous modeling of the light propagation in the near infrared region, combined with the advancements of light source and detectors, has improved the diffused light measurements and made possible the application of tomographic techniques for characterizing and imaging tumor angiogenesis. If a single wavelength is used, optical absorption related to angiogenesis ... |
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| Serum FAS and the Early Detection of Breast Cancer |
AUG 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Craig J. Newschaffer; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| This study will explore the potential usefulness of measuring blood levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) as a means of breast cancer early detection. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is associated with poor breast cancer prognosis and is elevated in both breast cancer and in situ disease compared to normal breast tissue. Recently, serum FAS assays have been developed and higher serum FAS levels have been found in women with breast ... |
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| Genetic Polymorphisms, Estrogens, and Breast Density |
AUG 2002 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Gertraud Maskarinec; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU
|
| Mammographic density appears to be a strong predictor of breast cancer risk. Endogenous steroid hormones have been shown to be important in the development and progression of breast cancer. Because some metabolites of endogenous estrogens may have more estrogenic effects than others, genetically determined differences in biosynthesis and metabolic pathways of estrogens may affect breast cancer risk. This study will address the following specific aims: 1. To examine the relation ... |
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| Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin with Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Physiological |
MAR 2002 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Oscar U. Scremin; Tsung-Ming Shih; Donald J. Jenden; BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INST LOS ANGELES CA
|
| This report describes the effects of treatment with low levels of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors Sarin (0.5 LD50 s.c. 3 times weekly) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 80 mg/L in drinking water) alone or in combination for 3 weeks as compared with untreated controls. At 2, 4 and 16 weeks after exposure, the following tests were performed: (1) Conditioned avoidance response (CAR), a test of learning and memory; (2) measurements of ... |
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| The Interference of Stress on Physostigmine Pretreatment Against Soman Intoxication in Guinea Pigs |
JAN 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Ingrid H. Philippens; Marloes J. Joosen; Bas Groen; Raymond A. Vanwersch; Ruud W. Busker; Maarten S. Nieuwenhuzien; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
 | During research efforts towards finding effective drugs are performed in a standard laboratory situation. However, in a more realistic situation other factors may interfere with the treatment regime. There is growing evidence that stress occurring during military operations can impair the efficacy and appearance of side effects of medical treatment. It is known that stress can change the kinetics of the pretreatment (1) and, therefore, affect the protective ratio and ... |
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| ICA-Based Segmentation of the Brain on Perfusion Data |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
T. A. Tasciyan; C. F. Beckmann; E. D. Morris; S. M. Smith; OXFORD UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| An Independent Component Analysis (ICA) based segmentation technique is presented allowing the quantitative assessment of cerebral blood volume (CBV) , cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain. Tissue types such as gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and pathology appear as different ICA components as a result of their distinct temporal response to the first passage of ... |
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| Characterisation of the Cartilage/Bone Interface Utilising Reflectance Spectroscopy |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
P. A. Oeberg; T. Sundqvist; A. Johansson; M. Sundberg; LINKOEPING UNIV (SWEDEN) DEPT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Optical reflection spectra of the cartilage/bone interface from hip joints of cows were studied. When comparing to ultrasonic measurement, it was found that cartilage thickness could be extracted using optical reflectance spectroscopy. For thicker cartilage layers, a high reflection for the wavelengths 400-600 was seen, and for thinner cartilage layers, the characteristic spectra of blood and bone dominated. The optical reflectance spectra may be used to characterize cartilage, and specifically ... |
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| Analysis of Photoplethysmographic Signals of Cardiovascular Patients |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
V. S. Murthy; Sripad Ramamoorthy; Narayanan Srinivasan; Sriram Rajagopal; M. J. Rao; INDIAN INST OF TECH MADRAS DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| In this paper, we present the results of the spectral analysis of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals for normals and patients with various cardiovascular disorders. Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive technique that measures relative blood volume changes in the blood vessels close to the skin. The PPG signal of 10 subjects was recorded from the earlobes. Five of the subjects were critically ill patients (2-Atrial Flutter, 3-Post Myocardial Infarction) and the remaining five ... |
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| Effect of Contrast on Systolic Myocardial Ultrasound Color-Doppler Velocity |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
B. Janerot-Sjoeberg; B. Sadigh-Lindell; L. A. Brodin; T. Jansson; LINKOEPING UNIV (SWEDEN)
|
| Intravenously distributed ultrasound contrast increases echoes from the normally low echogenic bloodpool and myocardial perfusion imaging is developing. However the microspheres used are potential endothelial stimulators as well as nonlinear scatterers. Tissue Doppler is developed to detect velocities of myocardial motion, which are in the same range as perfusion flow velocities, The effect of contrast is not evaluated, We performed echocardiography in 12 patients with ischemic heart disease before and ... |
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| A Simulation Study of Mechanism of Postflight Orthostatic Intolerance |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
W. Y. Hao; J. Bai; W. Y. Zhang; X. Y. Wu; L. F. Zhang; TSINGHUA UNIV BEIJING (CHINA)
|
| The aim of this study was to investigate the role played by the factors, such as altered vasoreactivity of resistance vessels in different body regions, and depressed cardiac contractility in the genesis of postflight cardiovascular dysfunction. The model we used is based on the model developed by Mechior et al. (1994) with modification by incorporating into the model, some more detailed sub-models to describe blood redistribution, cardiac contractility, local vascular ... |
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| Alcohol and Adaptation to Mechanical Usage |
OCT 2001 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Russell T. Turner; MAYO FOUNDATION ROCHESTER MN
|
| These studies are designed to determine whether ethanol antagonizes the ability of the skeleton to adapt to increased mechanical usage. Ethanol reversibly alters the biophysical properties of cell membranes. The overall hypothesis to be tested in adult rats is that these membrane changes disrupt essential cell signaling pathways for one or more cytokines, growth factors and polypeptide hormones that regulate bone modeling and remodeling. This report summarizes our progress from ... |
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| The Measurement of Human Body-Fluid Volumes: Resting Fluid Volumes Before and After Heat Acclimation |
JAN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Mark J. Patterson; Jodie M. Stocks; Nigel A. Taylor; Denys Amos; AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME RESEARCH LAB MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
|
| The study evaluated changes in human body-fluid volumes accompanying a 21-day heat- acclimation regime. Eight unacclimatized males, were studied for 22 consecutive days, including 19 days of heat exposure. Heat stress tests and acclimation trials were undertaken at 40 degrees C and relative humidity 60%. Total body water increased from Day 1 to 8 but a further 13 days acclimation did not elicit a further increase. This trend was reflected ... |
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| Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol |
SEP 2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis W. Blick; Frank R. Weathersby Jr.; Stephanie A. Miller; Donald J. Cosgrove; Michael R. Murphy; VERIDIAN ENGINEERING ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Twenty adult male rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) ingested various doses of ethanol mixed in orange-flavored drink (10 to 20% ethanol by volume). After each dose, 4-5 blood samples were analyzed to determine peak blood alcohol level (BAL), so as to estimate a dose-response function for each animal. Then, in different (but balanced) random orders, the animals received ethanol doses estimated to produce BALs of 0.00, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20%. ... |
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| Development of 200-Channel Mapping System for Tissue Oxygenation Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
JUL 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Masatsugu Niwayama; Daisuke Kohata; Jun Shao; Nobuki Kudo; Takafumi Hamaoka; HOKKAIDO UNIV SAPPORO (JAPAN)
|
| Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a very useful technique for noninvasive measurement of tissue oxygenation Among various methods of NIRS, continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is especially suitable for real-time measurement and for practical use. CW-NIRS has recently been applied to in vivo reflectance imaging of muscle oxygenation and brain activity. However, conventional mapping systems do not have a sufficient mapping area at present. Moreover; they do not enable quantitative measurement ... |
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| Prevalence of Drugs and Alcohol in Fatal Civil Aviation Accidents Between 1994 and 1998 |
JUN 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis V. Canfield; Jerry Hordinsky; David P Millett; Boyd Endecott; Dudley Smith'; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| The use of drugs and alcohol in aviation is closely monitored by the FAA Office of Aviation Medicine's (OAM's) Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) through the toxicological analysis of specimens from pilots who have died in aviation accidents. This information on the use of drugs in aviation is helpful to the FAA in developing programs to reduce the usage of dangerous drugs and identify potentially incapacitating ... |
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| Th Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Short-term Exercise Performance of U.S. Navy Seals |
DEC 1999 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
W. Y. Ensign Jr.; I. Jacobs; W. K. Prusaczyk; H. W. Goforth Jr.; P. G. Law; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Dietary creatine (Cr) supplementation is currently a common practice among athletes and U.S. Naval Special Warfare personnel. The ergogenic effect of supplemental Or has been demonstrated under certain well-controlled laboratory conditions, but the evidence supporting Cr use to augment performance under operational or field conditions is equivocal. This investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary Cr supplementation on the performance of military tasks by U.S. Navy Sea Air ... |
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| Hormonal Contraception, Body Water Balance and Thermoreregulation |
OCT 1999 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
Nina Stachenfeld; JOHN B PIERCE FOUNDATION LAB NEW HAVEN CT
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| To test the hypothesis that estrogen enhances water and sodium retention, we compared the fluid regulatory responses to 150 min of exercise- induced dehydration, followed by 180 min of ad libitum drinking during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and following treatment with an estrogen/progestin (OC E+P) and a progestin-only (OC P) oral contraceptive in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. We found ... |
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| Bone-97 Alcohol and Skeletal Adaptation to Mechanical Usage |
OCT 1999 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Russel Turner; MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER MN
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| These studies are designed to determine whether ethanol antagonizes the ability of the skeleton to adapt to increased mechanical usage. Ethanol reversibly alters the biophysical properties of cell membranes. The overall hypothesis to be tested in adult rats is that these membrane changes disrupt essential cell signaling pathways for one or more cytokines, growth factors and polypeptide hormones that regulate bone modeling and remodeling. This ... |
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| Exercise and Core Temperature |
MAR 1999 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
C. B. Wenger; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| In humans the most important responses for removing heat from the body are sweating, which increases heat loss by evaporation, and cutaneous vasodilation, which increases skin blood flow and heat transfer from core to skin. Vigorous exercise can increase heat production within the body ten-fold or more. During the first few minutes of exercise, most of the heat produced is retained within the body, raising core ... |
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| Physiologic and Pathologic Responses to Heat Stress |
OCT 1998 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
C. B. Wenger; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCEDIV
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| The most important responses in humans for removing heat from the body are sweating, which increases heat loss by evaporation, and cutaneous vasodilation, which increases skin blood flow and heat transfer from core to skin. Intense exercise can increase heat production within the body ten-fold or more. For the first few minutes of exercise, most of the heat produced is retained within the body, raising ... |
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BLOOD VOLUME
