| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
26-May-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack or natural disaster could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast areas, ... |
|
| Robotics Strategy White Paper |
19-Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND FORT MONROE VA ARMY CAPABILITIES INTEGRATION CENTER
|
| The enclosed Robotics Strategy White Paper is the result of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and the Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC). This paper builds on a confederated Army robotics strategy that is described by senior leader direction, studies, and various systems-based road maps. The purpose of this paper is to propose task areas that can further enable the Army's 1.1 ... |
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| Rapid Detection and Response Systems for Bio-Defense |
Nov-2008 |
219 pages |
| Authors:
Dietmar Rempfer; Victor Perez-Luna; ILLINOIS INST OF TECH CHICAGO
|
| Part 1: Optimal Solution of the Direct and Inverse Problems of Contaminant and Bio-agent Dispersion. The general goal of this project is to develop practical methods for both the prediction of the dispersive spread of contaminants in the atmosphere, and for the localization of the source of contaminants once they are detected. Part II: The ChemArray Sensor Platform Development of a prototype bio-detector has proceeded through the following activities: development ... |
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| Surface Sampling-Based Decontamination Studies and Protocol for Determining Sporicidal Efficacy of Gaseous Fumigants on Military-Relevant Surfaces |
01-Sep-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry Pfarr; Lalena Wallace; Vipin K Rastogi; Lisa S Smith; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| A major consequence of biological terrorism in a military setting is the wide degree of contamination of combat/protective equipment used by war-fighters and first responders. Appropriate selection of a decon technology, successful implementation, and re-use of assets following decontamination rely principally on extensive pre- and post-decontamination sampling. One of the challenges related to the Test & Evaluation demonstration of decon products has been poor recovery of biological contaminants from complex ... |
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| Self-Decontaminating Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) Technology (BRIEFING SLIDES) |
02 JUN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
J. B. Waggoner; Rhys N. Thomas; INOVATIA LABORATORIES LLC FAYETTE MO
|
 | Inovatia Labs is developing a family of coatings that incorporate a pigment that promotes oxidation of contaminants by several mechanisms, including absorption of visible light and catalytic activation of atmospheric oxygen. Topical application of ethyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (CEES) and of triethyl phosphite (TEP) as a challenge resulted in 50% conversion of CEES and TEP into the respective oxides CEESO and TEPO in an hour and a minute, respectively. This suggests ... |
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| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
03 APR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
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| Animal Effects from Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests |
01-Mar-2008 |
118 pages |
| Authors:
V A Logachev; L A Mikhalikhina; ITT CORP ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DIV
|
| This two-part document describes the effect on animal models of atmospheric nuclear weapons tests performed by the Soviet Union at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. Part I describes the air blast and thermal radiation effects. Part 2 covers the effects of primary (prompt) radiation and secondary (fallout) radiation on the test subjects. It also covers combined radiation injuries, defined as a combination of radiation and non-radiation injuries. Several different animal species ... |
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| Survey of Biofouling an Australian Navy Ships: Crustacea; Isopoda and Amphipoda; Caprellidea |
01-Jan-2008 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Luciana Montelli; John Lewis; DEFENSE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) MARITIME PLATFORMS DIV
|
| Biofouling on ships not only impedes ship movement, but also allows species from one location to be transported to a site that it would normally not inhabit. In many cases, these exotic species have had deleterious effects on the native species, sometimes resulting in the extinction of less competitive native species. In an attempt to gain some understanding of the environmental threat posed by biofouling from vessels arriving from overseas, ... |
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| Transitioning Submersible Chemical Analyzer Technologies for Sustained, Autonomous Observations from Profiling Moorings, Gliders and other AUVs |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Casey Moore; Richard Arrieta; Alfred K Hanson; Percy L Donaghay; SUBCHEM SYSTEMS INC JAMESTOWN RI
|
| To transition existing prototype autonomous profiling nutrient analyzers into commercial products that can be readily deployed on autonomous profiling moorings, coastal gliders and propeller driven unmanned underwater vehicles and used for sustained, autonomous ocean observations of chemical distributions and variability. A series of issues have been identified that need to be addressed to convert prototype nutrient analyzers into commercial units that can be widely used by the community for sustained ... |
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| The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress |
15 NOV 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A. Shea; Jim Monke; Frank Gottron; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk ... |
|
| Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) Decontamination of a C-141B Starlifter Aircraft: Validation of VHP and Modified VHP (mVHP) Fumigation Decontamination Process via VHP-Sensor, Biological Indicator, and HD Simulant in a Large-Scale Environment |
MAR 2007 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Mark D. Brickhouse; Abe Turetsky; Brian K. MacIver; Jerry W. Pfarr; Theresa A. Lalain /Iain /McVey; Wendlyn Alter; John P. Lloyd; Jr Fonti Mark A.; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| The chemical and biological weapons decontamination of a C-141B aircraft carried out during Oct-Nov 2004 is part of a Congressionally funded joint venture between U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center and Strategic Technology Enterprises (STE)/STERIS Corporation, Inc., (Mentor, OH) to develop and demonstrate the suitability of vaporous hydrogen peroxide/modified vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP/mVHP) technology. The purpose of this exercise was to ensure that the vapor could be evenly distributed within ... |
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| Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness |
25 AUG 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Jim Monke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The potential of terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognized as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining social stability. The goal of agroterrorism is not to kill cows or plants. These are ... |
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| Preliminary Investigations of Biofouling of Ships' Hulls: Non-Indigenous Species Investigations in the Columbia River |
APR 2006 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Ian Davidson; Mark Sytsma; Gregory Ruiz; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| Hull biofouling is an important vector of non-indigenous species (NIS) but has received very little attention compared to ballast water. This was a preliminary examination of hull biofouling arriving to the Lower Columbia River (LCR) using three components of study. First, we examined the potential magnitude of transfers, using wetted surface area (WSA) of vessel arrivals as a proxy measure of potential colonizable surface. Second, we examined vessel hulls on ... |
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| The Effects of Surface Texture, Flow, and Dissolved Cues from Biofilms on Settlement and Attachment of Fouling Organisms to Marine Coatings |
12 JAN 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Hadfield; HAWAII UNIV AT MANOA HONOLULU
|
| This study investigated the effects of natural and man-made coatings on the settlement and adhesion of larvae of fouling organisms onto surfaces in realistic water-flow conditions characteristic of harbors, where the colonization of ships by fouling organisms takes place. The objectives were as follows: (1) supply larvae for experiments from target species representing different phyla, swimming capabilities, and attachment mechanisms; (2) measure water velocity profiles and turbulence near submerged surfaces ... |
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| Advanced UV Source for Biological Agent Destruction |
2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne Clark; Joseph Stumpf; Bernard Eastlund; Michael Ingram; NOVATRON INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsorship, Novatron, Inc. has developed a unique new technology that can be used to protect facilities and personnel against bioterrorism attacks. Applications include protection of military and government facilities worldwide and protecting important civilian facilities as part of a homeland defense strategy. The bio-defense technology described in this paper is based on a novel, very high intensity, pulsed Advanced Ultraviolet Source (AUVS) that ... |
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| The California Central Coast Research Partnership: Building Relationships, Partnerships and Paradigms for University-Industry Research Collaboration |
14 OCT 2005 |
1022 pages |
| Authors:
Susan C. Opava; Nikki L. Adams; Sema E. Alptekin; Dean Arakaki; Deborah M. Beckett; Jonathon L. Beckett; Thomas J. Bensky; Charles Birdsong; Charles B. Chadwell; Katherine C. Chen; CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO
|
| The primary purpose of this initiative is to forge a strong link between private sector R&D and University applied research, to speed the development of new knowledge and the transfer of technology to the public and private sectors. To this end, communications infrastructure and R&D facilities have been developed. Relationships with private companies engaged in R&D have been advanced. Important research has been carried out in areas of interest to ... |
|
| Future Force Warrior, Engineering Design Event Number 4 |
OCT 2005 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel D. Turner; Christian B. Carstens; Joseph Torre; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERINGDIRECTORATE
|
| The Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory conducted an experiment to evaluate the form, fit, and user acceptance of the Future Force Warrior (FFW) body systems and headgear system ensembles (without functional electronics). The ensembles included new components and the addition of leader and Soldier variations. They were evaluated in the context of dismounted Infantry tactical activities. Additionally, the experiment investigated the form, fit, and ... |
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| SCORM Compliant, Disaster Life Support Distance Learning for Military Medicine |
SEP 2005 |
234 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Moore; SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL MEDICAL COMMAND FORT GORDON GA
|
| Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, experts from several academic medical centers formed the National Disaster Life Support Education Consortium (NDLSEC) to develop educational programs to meet a perceived lack of medical disaster preparedness. These institutions, along with the American Medical Association (AMA), established the AMA Committee on Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response to coordinate efforts and resources to enhance the education and training of health care professionals. The NDLSEC ... |
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| Phage-Coupled Piezoelectric Biodetector for Salmonella Typhimurium |
AUG 2005 |
323 pages |
| Authors:
Eric V. Olsen; AUBURN UNIV AL
|
| Salmonella typhimurium is a leading cause of foodborne illness and a critical threat agent for potential bioterrorism. Current rapid detection initiatives include biosensors that routinely incorporate antibodies for biorecognition. However, antibodies are costly and may degrade under unfavorable environmental conditions. A stable, Inexpensive substitute may be filamentous bacteriophage affinity selected from a phage display library for specificity to S. typhimurium. We immobilized affinity-selected phage to a quartz crystal microbalance for ... |
|
| Copper-Nickel Cladding on Stainless Steel |
JUL 2005 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Shifler; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD
|
| Copper-nickel cladding on conventional and super-austenitic stainless steel has proved effective in reducing maintenance (from biofouling, reapplication of anti-fouling coatings, and corrosion) for various small ferries, tankers, and ships in Europe and North America for periods of up to 30 years. This technology may have potential benefits and applications for the U.S. Navy, but several issues such as corrosion, mechanical and structural properties need to be evaluated and resolved before ... |
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| Simulation Model Development for Mail Screening Process |
23 JUN 2005 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Trish Vargo; Freeman Marvin; Scott Kooistra; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| STUDY OBJECTIVE: Provide decision analysis support to the Homeland Defense Business Unit, Special Projects Team, in developing a simulation model to help determine the most effective way to eliminate backlog, estimate when backlog will be eliminated, and to analyze current processing procedures. |
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| Classification of Former Chemical Warfare, Chemical and Biological Defense, and Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamination Survivability Information |
22 JUN 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Schoomaker; Sandra R. Riley; DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This regulation on the classification of chemical warfare and chemical and biological defense information has been revised. This revision incorporates the classification of non-traditional agents. This regulation applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard of the United States and the U.S. Army Reserve. |
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| Groundwater Contamination: DOD Uses and Develops a Range of Remediation Technologies to Clean Up Military Sites |
JUN 2005 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| To date, the Department of Defense (DoD) has identified nearly 6,000 sites at its facilities that require groundwater remediation and has invested $20 billion over the past 10 years to clean up these sites. In the past, DoD primarily used pump-and-treat technologies to contain or eliminate hazardous contaminants in groundwater. However, the long cleanup times and high costs of using pump-and-treat technologies often make them expensive and ineffective for groundwater ... |
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| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
05 JAN 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City and at the Pentagon. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast ... |
|
| User Configurable Incident Response Monitor |
31 MAY 2004 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Anderson; Suzanne K. Barber; Thomas J. Graser; Jisun Park; Mark Swenholt; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF ELECTRICALAND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| This document is the final report for contract F49620-02-C-0032. The contractual requirement for this report is defined in Exhibit A, Reporting Requirements Under Contracts Issued by AFOSR, as cited by contract line item 0002 of the contract. This report covers the work performed over the period from June 1, 2002 (the date of contract award) through May 31, 2004 (the date of the contract termination). Its contents cover the highlights ... |
|
| Feasibility Studies in Development of a Temporary Implantable Lactate Sensor Biochip for Monitoring During Hemorrhage |
APR 2004 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Lactate levels have been found to correlate with the severity of injury, including hemorrhage and whole body hypoxia. The ability to monitor in vivo lactate in the interstitium is possible but current methods are either not clinically feasible for prolonged measurement or are unreliable because they suffer from deleterious effects of endogenous interference and fouling. |
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| Mortuary Affairs - Is USNORTHCOM and the Department of Homeland Security Positioned for Contaminated Mass Fatality Management? |
19 MAR 2004 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Joe M. Stewart; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The Global War on Terrorism has emphasized homeland defense and security as a priority for the Nation. The United States Northern command (USNORTHCOM) recently attained its initial operational capability as the Department of Defense executive agent for Homeland Defense. Terrorists have demonstrated the ability and willingness to obtain and use Weapons of Mass Destruction to further their goals. An unfortunate reality of the use of such weapons is the creation ... |
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| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
09 MAR 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City and at the Pentagon. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast ... |
|
| Expert Consensus on MIC: Prevention and Monitoring, Part 1 |
MAR 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
P. J. Scott; Sue Borenstein; Freeman Blackburn; Bruce Cookingham; Dan Demarco; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This article, produced by NACE International Task Group 304, discusses the general industrial practice currently recommended by experts in the field of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Part 1 of two parts, the article discusses where MIC problems are likely to occur (e.g., pipelines, the chemical process industry, cooling water systems, fire protection systems, docks, piers, oil platforms, other quatic structures, pulp and paper machinery, power generation plants, and desalination equipment); ... |
|
| Biogeochemical Factors Affecting Microbial Transformation of Co- Occurring Contaminants in Sediments from a Saltmarsh Superfund Site |
30 SEP 2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Marc E. Frischer; SKIDAWAY INST OF OCEANOGRAPHY SAVANNAH GA
|
| A common difficulty associated with devising bioremediation strategies for many contaminated sites is the co-occurrence of several classes of toxic chemicals. In the case where mixed contaminants are present, the likelihood of interactions between candidate transformation pathways is high and greatly complicates remediation processes. Because these pathways are believed to involve complex microbial consortia, this program seeks to investigate the linkages among biogeochemical parameters, microbial activity, microbial diversity and community ... |
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| Utilizing Routine Water Quality Instruments and Artificial Neural Networks for Monitoring Distribution System Security |
22 MAY 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Byer; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER
|
| Drinking water system security concerns have been a considerable issue in the United States in recent years, but in the last two years this issue has risen to new levels of urgency. The tragic events of September 11th highlighted America's vulnerability to terrorism and spurred a domestic security response unprecedented since World War II. Drinking water systems were identified almost immediately as a potential target for future attacks and were ... |
|
| Annual Report to Congress - Fiscal Year 2002, from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program |
MAR 2003 |
355 pages |
| Authors:
|
| The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) is the Department of Defense's (DoD) corporate environmental science and technology program. To fulfill its mission to address environmental problems through innovative research and share that information across federal and private organizations, SERDP executes the program in partnership with the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. Further, SERDP fully leverages complementary programs within the DoD and solicits interest from other ... |
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| A Literature Review of Disinfectants: Effects When Used by CF Divers in Cleaning Rebreather Sets |
01 NOV 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Yvonne D. Severs; Marie-Christine Lamontagne; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADAOTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| As a result of the health concerns expressed by the combat divers the consultant in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine at CFEME Toronto requested a toxicological review of the disinfectant Virkon S to determine its suitability for continued use as a cleaning/disinfectant of re-breather sets for the Canadian Forces (CF) diving community. An initial assessment of the components of Virkon S revealed the product had not been approved nor was it ... |
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| Development of a New Chlorine and Biofouling Resistant Polyamide Membrane |
31 JUL 2002 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
R. L. Riley; S. W. Lin; A. Murphy; I. Wiater-Protas; H. F. Ridgway; SEPARATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SAN DIEGOCA
|
| Report developed under SBIR contract topic A01-029. A new polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) composite membrane has been prepared, based on the reaction of highly purified cis, trans, cis, trans 1,2,3,4- cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid chloride with m-phenylenediamine (MPD). The new membrane has demonstrated the ability to withstand high concentrations of chlorine in immersion tests without detrimental effects. The contact time was 30,000 mg/L-hr, or 6.8 years of exposure at the 0.5 ... |
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| Development of a Biological-Effects-Based Approach to Assess the Significance of Contaminant Bioaccumulation |
MAY 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery A. Steevens; Peter F. Landrum; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note describes the development of an alternative approach to evaluate chronic toxicity and the significance of contaminant bioaccumulation in dredged material assessments. It describes potential approaches and outlines the experimental progress of a project focusing on an effects-based approach to assess bioaccumulation. |
|
| Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program. Volume I: Annual Report to Congress |
APR 2002 |
291 pages |
| Authors:
OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC
|
| In accordance with 50 USC 1523, this report provides Congress with an assessment of the overall readiness of the Armed Forces to fight in a chemical and biological warfare environment. This is the ninth report submitted under 50 USC 1523. |
|
| A Novel N-Halamine Monomer for Preparing Biocidal Polyurethane Coatings |
31 MAR 2002 |
|
| Authors:
S. D. Worley; F. Li; R. Wu; J. Kim; C. I. Wei; AUBURN UNIV AL DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| A novel N-halamine monomer has been prepared which can be copolymerized with a commercial waterborne acrylic polyol and a commercial isocyanate to produce a polyurethane coating which can be applied to a broad variety of surfaces. After curing, the coating can be chlorinated with a source of free chlorine, such as bleach, to render it biocidal. Once the coating loses its chlorine loading, and hence its biocidal activity, regeneration is ... |
|
| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
07 FEB 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast areas, and ownership and operational responsibility are both public ... |
|
| Nontoxic, Self-Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings |
31 OCT 2001 |
352 pages |
| Authors:
Judith Stein; Christina D. Wood; Kathryn Truby; Owen Harblin; James Resue; GE CORPORATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SCHENECTADY NY
|
| Biofouling on ship hulls presents a significant challenge for the U. S. Navy. Fouling on the hulls of marine vessels has been shown to reduce maximum speed and increase propulsive fuel consumption1. Historically, marine antifouling paints have utilized compounds toxic to marine organisms, such as triorganotin, as a means of combating the fouling problem2. In recent years, the environmental impact of these coatings has come under scrutiny3,4. The application of ... |
|
| Array Based Design of Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence System |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
C. Estes; L. Powers; UTAH STATE UNIV LOGAN NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE DESIGN OF MOLECULAR FUNCTION
|
| A method for exciting and collecting fluorescence from a surface using multiple excitations and emission wavelengths has been developed. Broadband excitation light is filtered to excite fluorophores in microbes. High efficiency collection reflectors allow detection of minimal amounts of microbial contamination. A working prototype is described. |
|
| Bioterrorism: Review of Public Health Preparedness Programs |
10 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Federal research and preparedness activities related to bioterrorism center on detecting of such agents; developing new or improved vaccines, antibiotics, and antivirals; and developing performance standards for emergency response equipment. Preparedness activities include: (1) increasing federal, state, and local response capabilities: (2) developing response teams; (3) increasing the availability of medical treatments; (4) participating in and sponsoring exercises; (5) aiding victims; and (6) providing support at special events, such as ... |
|
| BIOTERRORISM: Coordination and Preparedness |
05 OCT 2001 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Janet Heinrich; GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss our work on the activities of federal agencies to prepare the nation to respond to the public health and medical consequences of a bioterrorist attack. Preparing to respond to the public health and medical consequences of a bioterrorist attack poses some challenges that are different from those in other types of terrorist attacks, such as bombings. On September 28, 2001, ... |
|
| Research and Development Support for the Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability |
MAY 2001 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Alexander Maranghides; S. G. Pande; J. M. Hughes; C. J. Nowack; J. T. Leonard; GEO-CENTERS INC NEWTON CENTRE MA
|
| GEO-CENTERS, INC. has supported NRL research and development efforts in the fields of fuels, halon replacement, fire protection, fire modeling, and large scale fire testing. In the area of fuels, work included research on aviation and diesel fuels, fuel performance, fuel additives, copper, microbiological contamination and single fuel feasibility. Halon replacement fire research included evaluations of commercially available technologies as well as a patented technology developed by GEO-CENTERS and NRL. ... |
|
| Development of Improved Membranes for ROWPU Spiral-Wound Elements |
25 APR 2001 |
325 pages |
| Authors:
R. L. Riley; K. P. Ishida; S. W. Lin; A. Murphy; H. F. Ridgway; SEPARATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SAN DIEGOCA
|
| Mobile reverse osmosis water purification units (ROWPU) have been used by the U. S. Armed Services for over a decade to produce potable water for field applications. Although advancements in the technology of operation and in the performance of the membrane elements have been significantly improved since that time, several major membrane deficiencies still exist. They are: poor lack of chemical stability to oxidants such as chlorine, high fouling rates ... |
|
| Microbial Characteristics of a Reactive Permeable Barrier |
30 MAR 2001 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A. Strevett; M. S. Shaheed; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN BIOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LAB
|
| Permeable reactive barriers for treatment of subsurface organic and inorganic contaminants is recent technology. Little research has been done to its potential problem areas and to measure long-term performance. Observed flow reductions and performance deterioration is typically postulated as a consequence of chemical precipitation. Thus, knowledge about biofouling of these barriers is limited. This study presents a methodology to predict the biofouling potential of permeable reactive barriers through the investigation ... |
|
| Annual Report to Congress - Fiscal Year 2000, from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program |
MAR 2001 |
370 pages |
| Authors:
|
| The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) is the Department of Defense's (DoD) corporate environmental science and technology program. To fulfill its mission to address environmental problems through innovative research and share that information across federal and private organizations, SERDP executes the program in partnership with the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. Further, SERDP fully leverages complementary programs within the DoD and solicits interest from other ... |
|
| Chlorine Dioxide: The State of Science, Regulatory, Environmental Issues, and Case Histories |
16 FEB 2001 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Burton; Daniel J. Fisher; WYE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER QUEENSTOWN MD
|
| The use of chlorine by electric utilities and other surface water users to inhibit biofouling and the chlorination of wastewater by POTWs to eliminate the discharge of pathogenic organisms are widespread practices. A number of surface water users in the Great Lakes region recently expressed an interest in using chlorine to control the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) which was introduced from Europe in the mid-1980s. It is well known, however, ... |
|
| Biological Aerosol Trigger (BAT) Design |
JAN 2001 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S. DeSha; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In recent history, man-made and natural events have shown us the ever-present need for systems to monitor the troprosphere for contaminates. These contaminants may take either a chemical or biological form, which determines the methods we use to monitor them. Monitoring the troposphere for biological contaminants is of particular interest to the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center. Whether man-made or natural, contaminants of a biological origin share a similar ... |
|
| Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents Using Optical Waveguide Technology and Thin Film Transducers |
JUN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
AnCheng Chang; Han Chuang; Jaimie A. Russo; Mary B. Tabacco; ECHO TECHNOLOGIES INC ALEXANDRIA VA
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| This Final Report summarizes studies of dendrimer materials and their use in biological sensing, and studies of Surface Enhanced Fluorescence applied to biological sensing. Dendritic polymer materials have been successfully incorporated into bacterial sensing films. Previous results have demonstrated that the dendrimer can be used to facilitate transport of a membrane-impermeable fluorophore across the cell membrane where it stains bacterial DNA. Other studies suggested that incorporation of dendrimers into a ... |
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| On the Theory of Particle Count Detection with an Application to the Triggering of Biological Warfare Detection Systems |
MAR 2000 |
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| Authors:
Eugene C. Yee; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELDRALSTON (ALBERTA)
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| A new procedure is presented for the detection of a bio-target signal in aerosol particle number count data when no prior knowledge of the existence of such a signal or of its characteristics (e.g., amplitude and shape) is assumed. Unlike previous bio-target detection algorithms, the algorithm in this paper is derived rigorously by the direct application of probability theory. To address the detection problem, probability theory ... |
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BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION
