| Liquid Azide Salts and Their Reactions with Common Oxidizers IRFNA and N2O4 (Postprint) |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan Schneider; Jeffrey Mills; Michael Rosander; Tommy Hawkins; Ghanshyam Vaghjiani; Steven Chambreau; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
 | Several imidazolium-based ionic liquid azides with saturated and unsaturated side chains were prepared and their physical and structural properties were investigated. The reactivity of these new as well as some previously reported ionic liquid azides with the strong oxidizers, N2O4 and inhibited, red-fuming-nitric acid (IRFNA), were studied. |
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| High Energy Density Material Chemistry |
05 NOV 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES LOKER HYDROCARBON RESEARCH INST
|
| The overall objectives of this research are the syntheses and characterization of polynitrogen, high-nitrogen and high-oxygen energetic materials, useful as propellants or explosives ingredients. Excellent results were obtained in all areas and are summarized in 38 pubications and 2 patents. The chemistry of N5+ was developed and 13 new N5+ salts were prepared and characterized. It was demonstrated that N5+ cations can be combined with doubly charged anions, thereby doubling ... |
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| The Estimation of Properties Employed to Predict the Environmental Fate and Transport of Hydrazine-Alternative Hypergols |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
M. J. McQuaid; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Under a program to design and develop hydrazine-alternative hypergols, assessments of the risks candidates pose to human health and the environment are to be made and considered along with traditional engine performance criteria throughout the selection and development process. Seeking to base assessments for the earliest stages of the process on quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs), published QSPRs for 6 physical properties commonly employed as input for fate, transport and ... |
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| All Nitrogen or High Nitrogen Compounds as High Energy Density Materials |
30 JUN 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; Ralf Haiges; Thorsten Schroer; Ross Wagner; C. J. Bigler-Jones; William W. Wilson; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INCHUNTSVILLE AL
|
| The goals of this research were the identification of potential polynitrogen HEDM candidates and the design of strategies and experimental approaches for their attempted syntheses. This program was a Phase I Small Business Technology Transfer Program (STTR) contract with the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract FA9550-04-C-0112). It was carried by ERC- Incorporated as the Small Business and the University of Southern California as the Academic Institution. The following ... |
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| Plume Expansion and Ionization in a Micro Laser Plasma Thruster |
JUN 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P. Reilly; George H. Miley; William A. Hargus Jr; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA
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| Ion density measurements have been performed on the plasma generated by an ablative diode laser thruster using a negatively biased flat plate probe. The biased probe data was coupled with measurement of the ablation crater through use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was used to analyze the post-pulse ablation spots to determine the volume of fuel ablated. The micro-laser plasma thruster (micro-LPT) discussed here ablates a target ... |
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| Polyazide Chemistry. Preparation and Characterization of the First Binary Group 6 Azides, Mo(N3)6, W(N3)6, Mo(N3)7- and W(N3)7- and the NW(N3)4- and NMo(N3)4- Ions |
NOV 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Ralf Haiges; Jerry A. Boatz; Robert Bau; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; Muhammed Yousufuddin; Karl O. Christe; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
| Whereas numerous binary transition-metal azido complexes have been reported,1 no binary Group 6 azides are known. Only a limited number of partially azide-substituted molybdenum and tungsten compounds have been reported. Furthermore, no heptaazido compounds have been described. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first binary Group 6 azides, Mo(N3)6, W(N3)6, Mo(N3)7-, and W(N3)7-. The last two ions represent the first examples of heptaazides. We also report the ... |
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| New Primary Explosives Development for Medium Caliber Stab Detonators |
01 SEP 2004 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
John Hirlinger; Magdy Bichay; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER INDIAN HEAD DIV MD
|
| Final Report outlining an effort to replace lead azide used in stab detonators. Lead azide is an environmentally hazardous substance that is controlled by EPA regulations. A number or compounds were evaluated as a possible lead azide replacement and the test results are included in the report. In addition a reduced sensitivity silver azide was evaluated in M-59 stab detonator conriguration. |
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| Environmental Life Cycle Techniques for New Weapons Acquisition Systems |
SEP 2004 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Overcash; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
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| Environmental issues are an integral part of new systems acquisitions, from the simplest product to the more complex systems. This project is a part of the effort to understand the product variables for new systems and the methods for environmental improvement. The first system studied, in this joint US. Swedish project, is a PFHE shell grenade. We have begun by improving the techniques for determining the chemical emissions and energy ... |
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| Fluoride/Azide Ligand Exchange Reactions |
12 JUL 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Ralf Haiges; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; Michael Gerken; Jerry Boatz; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
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| This document contains Briefing charts only which were presented at European Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry, Poznan, Poland. |
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| The NH3Cl+ Cation |
21 MAY 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan Schneider; Ralf Haiges; Thorsten Schroer; Jerry Boatz; Karl O. Christe; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
| Whereas at least seven simple inorganic cations, NH3F+,1,2 NH2F2+,3 NF4+,4 N2F+,5 N2F3+,6 ONF2+,7 and N3NOF+,8 which contain N-F bonds, have been prepared and well characterized, the existence of corresponding N-Cl containing cations is not well established. Thus, only two N-Cl containing cations, NCl4+9 and ONCl2+,10,11 have been reported, however, our repeated attempts to duplicate their syntheses were unsuccessful, and the crystal structure, published for ONCl2+SbCl6-,10 has been challenged on theoretical ... |
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| Polynitrogen Chemistry: Recent Development in Pentazole and Polyazide Chemistry |
24 MAR 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Ashwani Vij; Vandan Vij; R. Haiges; Karl O. Christe; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| Partial contents: Polynitrogen Chemistry: Recent Development in Pentazole and Polyazide Chemistry, Why Polynitrogen Compounds?, Geometry of the N5+ cation , (In) Compatabillty of N5+, New Polynitrogen Anions as Counterparts for N5+, Synthetic Challenge How do we make These New Anions??, Formation and Stabillty of Sllyl Diazonium Salts, Synthesis of Aryldiazonium Salts, Pentazole Formation.. Not a Trivial Chore!!!, Identification of Arylpentazoles, Cleavage of the Aryl-Pentazole Bond with Retention of the Pentazole ... |
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| High Energy Density Materials |
23 MAR 2004 |
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| Authors:
Ralf Haiges; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; Karl O. Christe; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INCHUNTSVILLE AL
|
 | During the past two decades, polynitrogen compounds have received increasing attention as promising candidates for High Energy Density Materials (HEDM).1-17 While most of the efforts were devoted to theoretical studies, the long-known existence of the stable azide anion (N3-)18 and the recent syntheses of stable salts of the pentanitrogen cation (N5+)1-3 have demonstrated the feasibility of experimentally pursuing such materials. The only known direct method for preparing N5+ compounds is ... |
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| Preparation and Characterization of the First Binary Titanium Azides, Ti(N3)4, P(C6H5)4Ti(N3)5 and P(C6H5)42Ti(N3)6 and on Linear Ti-N-NN Coordination |
12 MAR 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; Ralf Haiges; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; Jerry A. Boatz; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INCHUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Where as numerous partially azide-substituted titanium compounds had previously been reported, 1-7 no binary titanium azides were known. In a recent theoretical study the group 4 metal tetrazides M(N3)4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Th) were predicted 8 to be vibrationally stable exhibiting tetrahedral structures with unique linear M-N-NN bond angles (see Figure 1). All previously characterized covalent binary azide species possess bent M-N-NN angles. In this paper we wish ... |
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| Computationally Based Measures of Amine Azide Basicity and Their Correlation With Hypergolic Ignition Delays |
DEC 2003 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. McQuaid; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| To explore a hypothesis that hypergolic ignition delays for fuel- nitric acid combinations are a function of the fuel's basicity, measures of base strength are computed for various azides, amines, amine azides, and hydrazines and compared to ignition delay data. Measures of base strength considered include gas-phase proton affinities, heats of neutralization for reactions leading to ion pairs, and heats of reaction for fuel-nitric acid complexation. The measures quantify substituent-mediated ... |
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| Polynitrogen Chemistry |
23 SEP 2003 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
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| The novel Ns +HF2 salt was prepared and serves as a useful reagent for the preparation of other N5 + salts. The reactions of NF4+ and N2F3+ with HN3 were studied. WHile NF4+ acted only as a fluorinating agent, one F of N2F3 + was replaced by an azido group, but the substitution product was unstable and underwent rapid decomposition. The decomposition of complex fluoro salts of N2 + was ... |
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| High Energy Density Materials |
SEP 2003 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
David Bomberger; Jeffrey C. Bottaro; Mark Petrie; Paul E. Penwell; Allen L. Dodge; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
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| Synthetic pathways to the nitroazoxyamine, pentazole-N-oxide, and triazanitrate anions have been explored at a fundamental level. The reaction of nitrene equivalents such as organic azides, N-haloamines, N-acyl hydroxylamines N,O-diacyl hydroxylamines, and amides in the presence of lead tetra-acetate or phenyliodine diacetate, acting on N,N dialkylnitrosoamines in an attempt to generate alkylazoxyamines have all been examined. Initial results were not encouraging; in response to this, the N,N-dialkylnitrosoamine was silylated, methylated, and ... |
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| Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines, 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine Di-N-oxides, Pentazole Derivatives, Pentazine Poly-N-oxides, and Nitroacetylenes |
20 JUL 2003 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Harold Shechter; M. Venugopal; D. Srinivasulu; OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| In this talk I summarized our DARPA/AFOSR and published Russian efforts to prepare DTTO, IsoDTTO and other energetics. In the present set of overheads I have added further routes (overheads 35, 43, 46 and 50-59) to be investigated for synthesis of various 1 2,3,4-tetrazine, 1 ,3-di-N-oxides, DTTO, and IsoDTTO. Synthesis of triazolotetrazine dioxides (overhead 35) is now being emphasized. There are notes and explanations on almost all of the overheads ... |
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| A Novel Approach to Prostate Cancer Chemotherapy: Design of Prodrugs for Tissue-Specific Activation |
26 MAR 2003 |
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| Authors:
Longquin Hu; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV PISCATAWAY NJ
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| During the period supported by this award, we accomplished the synthesis of three of the four protected Linker-Drug conjugates of doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) proposed in the original application. We determined the stability of two 5-FU Linker-Drug conjugates originally designed and found them to be unstable and not suitable for incorporation into prodrugs. We modified the structure and synthesized two new linkers. The new Linker-Drug conjugates of 5-FU were found ... |
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| Enthalpies of Formation of Gas Phase N3, N3(-), N3(+), and N5(-) from Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory, Stability( Predictions for N5(+) N3(-) and N5(+) N5(-), and Experimental Evidence for the Instability of N5(+) N3(-) |
2003 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Dixon; Davied Feller; Karl O. Christe; William W. Wilson; Ashwani Vij; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been used to calculate accurate enthalpies of formation and adiabatic electron affinities or ionization potentials for N3, N3(-), N5(+), and N5(-) from total atomization energies. Born-Haber cycle calculations, using estimated lattice energies and the adiabatic ionization potentials of the anions and electron affinities of the cations, permit for the first time reliable stability predictions for the hypothetical N5(+) N3(-) and N5(+)N5(-) salts. Contrary to ... |
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| First Structural Characterization of Binary As(III) and Sb(III) Azides |
2003 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Ralf Haige; Ashwani Vij; Jerry Boatz; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The highly explosive molecules As (N3)3 and Sb(N3)3 were obtained for the first time in pure form by the reactions of the corresponding fluorides with (CH3)3SiN3 in SO2 solution and purification by sublimation. The crystal structures, 14N NMR and infrared and Raman spectra were determined and the results compared to ab initio second order perturbation theory calculations. Whereas Sb(N3)3 possesses a propeller-shaped, pyramidal structure with perfect C3 symmetry, the As(N3)3 ... |
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| Polyazide Chemistry Preparation and Characterization of Te(N3)4 and P(C6H5)42Te(N3)6 |
2003 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Ralf Haiges; Jerry A. Boatz; Michael Gerken; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The azido-group is highly energetic and adds about 70 kcal/mol to the energy content of a molecule. It is, therefore, not surprising that polyazides are highly endothermic compounds, and that their energy content increases with an increasing number 9f azido ligands. Compared to the relatively stable azide anion, which possesses two double bonds, the bonds in covalent azides are polarized towards a single and a triple bond, which greatly facilitates ... |
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| Organic-Inorganic Interactions in Hydrothermal Processing |
26 OCT 2002 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas B. Brill; DELAWARE UNIV NEWARK DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| The effect of inorganic species alone and on organic reactions at hydrothermal conditions was being investigated. The method involves the use of real-time IR spectroscopy in a windowed flow reactor. The specific studies were directed at the water gas shift reaction below the critical temperature of water; the kinetics of decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl, sodium tetracarbonylcobaltate, and cyclopentadienyl cobalt dicarbonyl at hydrothermal conditions; decarboxylation and defluorination of trifluoroacetate and fluoroform; ... |
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| Solvothermal Molecular Precursor Routes to Semiconductor Film and Crystal Growth |
AUG 2002 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Edward G. Gillan; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| This research project explored the utility of molecular precursor decomposition in superheated non-aqueous solvents directed towards semiconductor crystal growth. Reactions were run in toluene, THF, and under solvent free conditions. An in situ precursor synthesis and decomposition resulted in GaN nanoparticles from simple starting materials (GaCl(3) and NaN(3)). Particle sizes range from about 10 to hundreds of nanometers. Upon annealing to 1000 degrees C, the poorly crystalline products ordered into ... |
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| The (SO2)2N3 Anion |
AUG 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christie; Michael Gerken; Ralf Haiges; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INCEDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The recently proposed (S02)2N3(-) anion was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction of the Cs(S02)2N3 salt (P21/c, a = 8.945(2) A, b = 10.454(2) A, c = 8.152(2) A, a(^) = 109.166(3)(sup o), Z = 4, and R1 = 0.0329 at 130 K). In the (SO2)2N3(-) anion, both SO2 ligands are coordinated to one terminal nitrogen atom of the N3-(-) anion. |
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| Parametric Study of NCl(alpha sup 1 delta), NCl(beta sup 1 Sigma) from the Reaction of Cl/Cl2/He + HN3/He |
17 JUL 2002 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Liping Duo; Shukai Tang; Jian Li; Xiangde Min; Fengting Sang; ACADEMIA SINICA DALIAN (CHINA) DALIAN INST OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
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| By means of Microwave generator chlorine diluted by helium is dissociated to chlorine atoms that subsequently react with hydrogen azide to produce excited states of NCl(alpha sup 1 delta) and NCl(beta sup 1 Sigma). In this paper, the intensity of NCl(alpha sup 1 delta) and NCl(beta sup 1 Sigma) emission dependent on the flow rates of different gases is studied. Moreover, the production of NCl(alpha sup 1 delta) and NCl(beta ... |
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| Experimental Detection of the Pentazole Anion, N5(-) |
01 APR 2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Ashwani Vij; James G. Pavlovich; William W. Wilson; Karl O. Christe; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The pentazole anion has been generated from para- hydroxyphenylpentazole and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Whereas at low collision voltages the para-phenoxypentazole anion undergoes stepwise N2 elimination generating the corresponding azide and nitrene, at high collision voltages the N5(-) anion is formed. Fragmentation of the pentazole anion produces the N3(-) anion as the principal negative ion. These experiments provide the first experimental proof for the existence of the pentazole ... |
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| Synthesis and Characterization of the SO2N3(-), (SO2)2N3(-), and SO3N3(- ) Anions |
06 MAR 2002 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; Jerry A. Boatz; Michael Gerken; Ralf Haiges; Stefan Schneider; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE WEST
|
| SO2 solutions of azide anions are bright yellow and their Raman spectra indicate the presence of covalently bound azide. Removal of the solvent at -64 deg C from CsN3 or N(CH3)4N3 solutions produces yellow (SO2)2N3(-) salts. Above -64 deg C, these salts lose one mole of SO2, resulting in white SO2N3 salts that are marginally stable at room temperature and thermally decompose to the corresponding azides and SO2. |
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| Improved Synthesis of CsN3 |
17 DEC 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Gerken; Stefan Schneider; Thorsten Schroer; Karl O. Christe; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES LOKER HYDROCARBON RESEARCH INST
|
| Cesium azide can conveniently be prepared from anhydrous CsF and (CH3)3SiN3 in SO2 solvent in high purity and yield. In this reaction, the initially generated SO2F(-) anion is converted in SO2 solvent to solvated azide, (SO2)(sub n)N3(-), which is labile and releases S02 under dynamic vacuum yielding pure CsN3. |
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| Synthesis of Energetic Polyester Thermoplastic Homopolymers and Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomers Formed Therefrom |
NOV 2001 |
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| Authors:
G. Ampierman; S. Brochu; M. Desjardins; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT VALCARTIER (QUEBEC)
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| For many years, DREV has been involved in the synthesis of energetic thermoplastic elastomers (ETPEs) based on linear glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). These polymers are physically-crosslinked rubbery materials that can be melted, dissolved or recycled and could provide a new generation of binders. Since ETPEs are recyclable, disposal of the formulations at the end of their life cycle will be less problematic. Work at DREV led to the preparation of ... |
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| Polynitrogen Chemistry and the Pursuit of New High Energy Density Materials |
13 APR 2001 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; William W. Wilson; Ashwani Vij; Vandana Vij; Jeffrey A. Sheehy; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC(ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The goal of this AFOSR program is the synthesis of novel polynitrogen-derived HEDM compounds, exploiting the synergism between theory and synthesis. Under combined DARPA, AFOSR and NSF sponsorship, we have discovered in 1999 the novel polynitrogen compound, N5(+)AsF6(-). The N5(+) cation is only the third known, homoleptic polynitrogen species that can be prepared and isolated in bulk, the other two being N2 and the azide anion. N5(+)AsF6(-) was found to ... |
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| A New Energy Transfer Chemical Laser at 1.315 Microns |
04 AUG 2000 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L. Henshaw; Gerald C. Manke Ii; Timothy J. Madden; Michael R. Berman; Gordon D. Hager; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NMDIRECTED ENERGY DIRECTORATE
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| CW laser action has been demonstrated on the electronic I(*) - I transition of atomic iodine at 1.315 microns from the NCL(a) + I energy transfer reaction. The stimulated emission was generated in a transverse subsonic flow device when hydrogen azide, HN3, was injected into a flow of iodine and chlorine atoms. The measured laser output power was 180 mW. |
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| Physical Chemistry of Energetic Nitrogen Compounds |
26 JUN 2000 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Coombe; DENVER UNIV CO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| This report describes progress made during a 39-month research program that investigated the NCl/I laser system, the deposition of nitride films from group III azides, and the dynamics of near-resonant laser sputtering. Significant results included the evaluation of excited NF as an energy carrier for atomic iodine lasers, measurement of the rate of energy transfer between vibrationally excited nitrogen and chlorine azide and development of a ... |
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| Energetic Polymers and Plasticisers for Explosive Formulations - A review of Recent Advances |
APR 2000 |
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| Authors:
Arthur Provatas; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
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| In an effort to comply with Insensitive Munitions (IM) criteria, energetic binders comprising polymer and plasticiser(s) are finding use in cast- cured polymer bonded explosives and cast composite rocket propellants. Energetic binders can be considered as cross-linked polymers that provide a matrix to bind explosive ingredients together with a plasticiser. Once cured, the polymeric binder is a tough elastomeric rubber capable of absorbing and dissipating energy from hazardous ... |
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| Chemical Reactions of NCl(a(sup 1)delta): Generation and Removal |
08 OCT 1999 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
D. W. Setser; KANSAS STATE UNIV MANHATTAN DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| The Cl + N3 reaction was used to provide a source of NCl(a sup 1 delta) molecules in a room temperature flow reactor. The total quenching rate constants were measured for 40 molecular reagent species and for F, N, O and H atoms. In most cases, rate constants were obtained for both NF(a sup 1 delta) and NCl(a sup 1 delta) so that the data could ... |
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| Synthesis of Catenated Polynitrogen Compounds |
27 MAY 1999 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; William W. Wilson; Jerry A. Boatz; Jeffrey A. Sheehy; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
| Presentation includes overview of synthesis of novel compounds consisting of highly endothermic polynitrogen allotropes; use techniques developed in synthesis of other energetic materials to pursue catenated rather than polycyclic polynitrogen compounds; use theory and calculations to guide synthesis efforts; and potential payoffs. |
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| A Quantitative Scale for the Strength of Lewis Acids and On the Reaction of H2F+ With HN3 and the Synthesis and Characterization of N5+AsF6- |
10 FEB 1999 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; David A. Dixon; Douglas McLemore; William W. Wilson; Jeffrey A. Sheehy; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
| Presentation of a quantitative scale for the strength of Lewis acids and the reaction of N2F+ with HN3 and the synthesis and characterization of N5+AsF6-. |
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| Advanced Synthesis of Carbon Nitride |
01 DEC 1998 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
D. J. Benard; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP THOUSAND OAKS CA SCIENCE CENTER
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| Thin films composed of carbon and nitrogen were generated on a variety of substrates by deposition of radicals obtained after dissociation of gaseous cyanogen azide or solid cyanuric triazide (CTA). These intermediates were obtained upon reacting cyanogen halides or cyanuric chloride, respectively, with sodium azide. The CTA was chemically pure, whereas the gaseous azides were contaminated by halogens that were difficult to safely remove. Energy transfer from discharged nitrogen in ... |
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| Shock-Induced and Shock-Assisted Reaction Synthesis of Materials |
24 NOV 97 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Naresh Thadhani; Tyrus Royal; Jong-Heon Lee; Partrick Counihan; Shantanu Namjoshi; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA
|
| The beneficial effects of shock-compression of powders and solid- state chemical reactions were utilized to synthesize Ti-Si and Ti-A1 intermetallics, Ti-B and Ti-C ceramics, and Ti-Si:Ti-A1 composites. Time- resolved stress measurements provided evidence for shock-initiation of reactions in 53% dense Ti-Si powders, based on increased wave speed and volume expansion (due to formation of intermetallic product with higher elastic modulus) measured at shock-pressures exceeding 1.5 GPa. These measurements combined with ... |
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| Physical Chemistry of Energetic Nitrogen Compounds |
01 FEB 97 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Coombe; DENVER UNIV CO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| This three year research program was comprised of several projects grouped into three areas, which were the chemistry of ClN3 dissociation and the NCl/I* laser system, NH(a(1)delta) insertion reactions with molecular halogens and interhalogens, and the synthesis and characterization of group III azides and their decomposition to form group III nitride thin films. The results obtained included the demonstration of a new chemical laser (NILE, or nitrene- iodine-laser-experiment) based on ... |
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| Theoretical Research Investigation of High Energy Species |
NOV 96 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
H. H. Michels; UNITED TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH CENTER EAST HARTFORD CT
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| A theoretical investigation was conducted of high energy chemical species that are attractive candidates for advanced propulsion systems. The objectives of this research program were to identify those light element molecular species that have sufficient internal energy to be useful in advanced chemical propulsion systems; to characterize their molecular structure, energy content and structural or radiative stability; to examine the probable kinetic routes for decomposition of these species; to characterize ... |
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| Synthesis of 3-(P-Nitrophenyl)SulfonylOxy2- Keto Esters from alpha-Keto Esters and a Survey of Their Reactions as 1 2,3-Trifunctionalized Intermediates |
JUL 96 |
229 pages |
| Authors:
Mary C. Johnson; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES
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| 3-(P-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyloxy2-keto esters, 15, were efficiently prepared in good yields by electrophilic attack of bis(p-nitrobenzene sulfonyl)- peroxide (p-NBSP) on the electron rich carbon-carbon double bond of 1- carboethoxy-1- (trimethylsiloxy)- alkenes, 11. Silyl enol ethers 11 were prepared from alpha-keto esters in good to excellent yields by two methods that differed by the base used to remove the proton. Carbonyl reactions and substitution reactions of 15 were investigated. The carbonyl of 15 ... |
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| Flame Extinguishing Pyrotechnic and Explosive Composition. |
28 MAY 1996 |
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| Authors:
Russell Reed Jr.; Vicki L. Brady; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| A flame extinguishing pyrotechnic which flamelessly deflagrates to produce primarily nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a fluoroolefin. The flame extinguishing characteristic is achieved by reducing the content of oxygen proximate the deflagration as well as through the flame suppressing properties of particular fluoroolefins. The pyrotechnic composition contains an azide binder such as glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), an azide plasticizer, a solid tetrazole, and a perfluorocarboxylic acid salt. This composition is cured ... |
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| Structures and Molecular Surface Electrostatic Potentials of High Density C, N, H Systems. |
25 JAN 1996 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jane S. Murray; Richard Gildardi; M. E. Grice; Pat Lane; Peter Politzer; NEW ORLEANS UNIV LA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| Tri-s-triazine and two ditetrazolodiazines are known to have unusually high crystal densities (for unsubstituted C, N, H compounds). We have used a nonlocal density functional procedure to compute the geometries and energies of these and three related molecules, and then calculated the ab initio SCF electrostatic potentials on their molecular surfaces. We attribute the high densities to the relatively small molecular volumes and the strong intermolecular attractions arising from highly ... |
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| Inorganic Halogen Oxidizers |
23 SEP 94 |
302 pages |
| Authors:
K. O. Christe; W. W. Wilson; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CANOGA PARK CA ROCKETDYNE DIV
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| A research program was carried out in novel energetic materials. This program was highly successful and resulted in 28 major publications. Highlights of this effort include: the characterization of the XeF5(-) anion which is the first example of a pentagonal planar XY5 structure, completion of our work on a quantitative oxidizer strength scale, the synthesis and characterization of new compounds at the limits of coordination and oxidation, such as XeOF5(-), ... |
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| Difunctional Monomers Based on Perfluoropropylene Telomers |
19 AUG 94 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
K. Baum; A. A. Malik; FLUOROCHEM INC AZUSA CA
|
| Telomers of perfluoropropylene with alpha,omega- diiodoperfluoroalkanes were converted to branched-chain difunctional condensation monomers. The reaction of ethylene with the telomers gave alpha, omega-bis(iodoethyl)perfluoroalkanes, which were converted to the corresponding diols by reaction with fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction of the branched-chain alpha,omega-bis(iodoethyl)-perfluoroal with sodium azide gave the corresponding alpha,omega-bis-(azidoethyl)-perfluoroaHydrogenation of the alpha,omega- bis(azidoethyl)-perfluoroalkanes gave diamines. Phosgenation of the amino groups gave diisocyanates. Synthesis, Monomers, Fluorine |
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| Energetic Binder Explosive. |
31 MAY 1994 |
|
| Authors:
May L. Chan; Edward M. Roy; Alan Turner; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| A castable, energetic, plastic-bonded explosive containing glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) an energetic polymer binder combined with the energetic plasticizers trimethyloethane trinitrate (TMETN) and trimethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) or bisdinitropropyl formal and acetal mixture (BDNPF/A), and the explosive solid cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) having the desirable mechanical properties, insensitivity, and excellent aging properties at much higher solids loading and thus explosive performance than previous compositions. The invention uniquely ... |
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| Toxicity Testing of Soil Samples from Joliet Army Ammunition Plant, Illinois |
FEB 94 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Carlton T. Phillips; Ronald T. Checkai; Nancy A. Chester; Randall S. Wentsel; Michael A. Major; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Environmental toxicity testing and soil chemical analyses were performed as part of an ecological risk assessment of the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant (JAAP), Joliet, IL. Test soils were collected from six sites at the plant (a load and pack area, two open burning areas, a lead azide area, a 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) manufacturing site, and an evaporation bed). Control soil samples were collected from an adjacent area. Soil toxicity was ... |
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| Novel Fluorine Oxidizers. |
FEB 1994 |
|
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; William W. Wilson; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CANOGA PARK CA ROCKETDYNE DIV
|
| This reports the results of a three-year program in novel energetic materials. The majority of the results was summarized in 30 manuscripts which are in various stages of publication. Major achievements include the synthesis of the ClFsub6(-) anion, the combination of the N(CHsub3)sub4(+) cation with powerful halogen fluorine anion oxidizers, the synthesis of truly anhydrous N(CHsub3)sub4F which generated a worldwide renaissance in high coordination number chemistry, the synthesis of XeFsub5(-) ... |
|
| Novel Fluorine Oxidizers |
FEB 94 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Karl O. Christe; William W. Wilson; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CANOGA PARK CA ROCKETDYNE DIV
|
| This reports the results of a three-year program in novel energetic materials. The majority of the results was summarized in 30 manuscripts which are in various stages of publication. Major achievements include the synthesis of the ClF6(-) anion, the combination of the N(CH3)4(+) cation with powerful halogen fluorine anion oxidizers, the synthesis of truly anhydrous N(CH3)4F which generated a worldwide renaissance in high coordination number chemistry, the synthesis of XeF5(-) ... |
|
| LPCVD of InN on GaAs(110) Using HN3 and TMIn: Comparison with Si(100) Results |
07 DEC 93 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Y. Bu; M. C. Lin; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of InN and laser- assisted LPCVD on GaAs(110) and Si(100) using HN3 and trimethyl indium (TMIn) has been studied with XPS, UPS and SEM. Without 308-nm excimer laser irradiation, InN film was built on the GaAs but not on Si surface under the present low-pressure conditions. When the photon beam was introduced, InN films with In:N atomic ratio of 1.0 + or - 0. 1 ... |
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