| A Multilateral Strategy for Rural Somalia: Providing a Foundation for the Social and Economic Reconstruction of Somalia Using a Bottom up Approach |
12-Jun-2009 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen O Radina; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
 | Somalia has been without a central government since 1991, resulting in the total collapse of state institutions. There have been several interventions by the United States, United Nations (UN), African Union, and other organizations to address Somalia's security concerns and mitigate the hunger and suffering of the Somali people. These nations and organizations have continued their funding programs to alleviate the hunger and poverty in Somalia that have been caused ... |
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| Convective Evaporation Through Water-Permeable Membranes for Rapid Beverage Chilling |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
D Pickard; M Izenson; W Chen; C W Haering; J Sung; CREARE INC HANOVER NH
|
| This paper presents the results of a Phase III SBIR project that aims to produce a lightweight, evaporative beverage chiller. Soldiers equipped with this Individual Cooling Element (ICE) will be able to cool their beverages by at least 11 deg C (20 deg F) in hot, arid environments where relief from heat stress is critical. Testing and analysis showed that it was feasible to meet performance goals for high cooling ... |
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| Improved Therapeutic Regimens for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Ocular Infections |
01-May-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle C Callegan; OKLAHOMA UNIV OKLAHOMA CITY
|
| Greater than 10% of battlefield injuries occur to the eyes, resulting in significant morbidity. The potential for ocular infection by trauma is high, due to the types of organisms encountered in arid environments and the delay between time of injury and adequate treatment. This proposal was designed to analyze the effectiveness of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and non-conventional agents targeting bacterial and host virulence factors, with the goal of improving the ... |
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| A Verification of Optical Depth Retrievals From High Resolution Satellite Imagery |
MAR 2007 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Jack R. Evans; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| A new technique has been developed using high resolution satellite imagery to derive aerosol optical depths by measuring the difference of the radiances inside and outside of shaded regions Vincent (2006). This approach has shown promise as a new means of providing aerosol optical depth in regions that have proven difficult using more traditional means. Initial studies have been done primarily over desert/arid environments with some limited work over urban ... |
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| Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region |
DEC 2006 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This document is one of a series of Regional Supplements to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual, which provides technical guidance and procedures for identifying and delineating wetlands that may be subject to regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The development of Regional Supplements is part of a nationwide effort to address regional wetland characteristics and improve the accuracy and efficiency of wetland-delineation procedures. This ... |
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| Predicting Sediment Transport Dynamics in Ephemeral Channels: A Review of Literature |
SEP 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen H. Scott; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| The goal of this Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is to evaluate state-of-the-art research efforts concerning predicting sediment transport in desert ephemeral channels. The present day methods used to predict sediment transport were primarily formulated for application to perennial flow channels. Additionally, in the development of sediment transport relationships it is assumed that the sediment and water mixture is Newtonian, i.e., a linear relationship exists between the shear ... |
|
| Simulation of Vegetation Recovery from Military Disturbances on Fort Bliss |
NOV 2005 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Tamara Hochstrasser; Debra Peters; Jeffrey S. Fehmi; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report covers two years of work by the Jornada Experimental Range Department at New Mexico State University and the U.S. Army ERDC/CERL. The overall goal of the project was to enhance the vegetation simulation modeling capabilities of Fort Bliss, Texas, for evaluating the effects of military disturbances on arid land vegetation. The aim of this work was to mechanistically predict shifts from one community type to another by determining ... |
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| Establishing Uranium Migration Parameters for the Indian Springs Range (CD-ROM) |
25 AUG 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Clinton E. Abell; NEVADA UNIV LAS VEGAS
|
 | ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 6 files; .TXT and MS Excel (.XLS). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 477 KB and 1 hardcopy report. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: ABSTRACT: For the past 24 years, depleted uranium (DU) kinetic energy penetrators used by the US Air Force have been tested and evaluated to develop targeting system algorithms at a site in the Mojave Desert. This two-fold study focused ... |
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| Field Indicators and Literature Summary for an Arid Southwestern Aquatic Resource Delineation at Twentynine Palms, CA |
APR 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Lichvar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| In 1994, the U.S. Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) in Twentynine Palms, CA, requested a delineation of their aquatic resources. MCAGCC is located within the central Mojave Desert, where annual precipitation levels are insufficient to produce the three parameters typical of wetlands (i.e. vegetation, soils, and hydrology). At MCAGCC, two major aquatic resource types other than wetlands regulated under the Clean Water Act (CWA) as "Waters of the United ... |
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| Review of Ordinary High Water Mark Indicators for Delineating Arid Streams in the Southwestern United States |
JAN 2004 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W. Lichvar; James S. Wakeley; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) delineates the jurisdictional extent of wetlands and other "Waters of the United States" (WoUS) under Corps and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations implementing Section 404 of the Clean Water Act(33 U.S.C. 1344). As part of this responsibility Corps districts in the southwestern United States and elsewhere must delineate the extent of WoUS in arid areas, including arid-land stream channels. In non-tidal waters lacking ... |
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| Data from Channel-Change Monitoring at Selected Sites in Maricopa County, Arizona, 1997-2002 |
2004 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Christie M. O'Day; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| Stream channels in arid regions are subject to a wide range of hydrologic, hydraulic, and sedimentary conditions. These channels often are dry or have little streamflow most of the time, and the few flows that do occur can cause substantial changes to the channel and flood plain. Because floods in arid regions are often flashy, and many gaging stations are in remote areas, hydrographers must rely on indirect measurements of ... |
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| Military Water Purification Membrane Technology Development |
21 NOV 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James S. Dusenbury; Bob Shalewitz; Paul Armistead; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Portable water is one of the Army and Marine Corps's most basic logistics requirements, particularly in arid environments. The core technology in the Army and Marine Corps fielded tactical water purification units is reverse osmosis. New integrated membranes systems are under development combining membrane pretreatment with reverse osmosis. While the current systems have provided the Army with the capability to purify any source water with sufficient quality and quantities to ... |
|
| Ecosystem Management and Restoration. January 2003. Riparian Restoration and Management Needs in the Arid and Semi-Arid Western United States |
JAN 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Fischer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The is an information exchange bulletin of the Corps of Engineers. Its purpose is to disseminate research results on emerging problems addressed by the Corps' Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program. This bulletin concerns riparian restoration. The restoration and management of riparian zones has become a very popular and widespread practice in recent years (Briggs 1996). There has been a dramatic increase in the tools and techniques available to assist ... |
|
| Estimates of Deep Percolation Beneath Native Vegetation, Irrigated Fields, and The Amargosa-River Channel, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada |
2003 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Stonestrom; David E. Prudio; Randell J. Laczniak; Katherine C. Akstin; Robert A. Boyd; Katherine K. Henkelman; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CARSON CITY NV
|
| The presence and approximate rates of deep percolation beneath areas of native vegetation, irrigated fields, and the Amargosa-River channel in the Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada were evaluated using the chloride mass-balance method and inferred downward velocities of chloride and nitrate peaks. Estimates of deep-percolation rates in the Amargosa Desert are needed for the analysis of regional groundwater flow and transport. An understanding of regional flow patterns is important because ... |
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| Effects of Ionic Flow and Amelogenins on the Lengthwise Growth of Octacalcium Phosphate Crystals in a Model System of Tooth Enamel Formation |
APR 2002 |
|
| Authors:
M. Lijima; Y. Moriwaki; H. B. Wen; T. Takagi; A. G. Fincham; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY
|
| This paper briefly reviews our recent studies which aimed to investigate the effects of 1) the Ca(exp 2+) and PO4(exp 3-) ions flow and 2) amelogenins on the lengthwise growth of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which is a potent precursor of enamel apatite crystal. OCP crystals were groan at 37 degrees C in a dual membrane system under various amount of ionic inflow into a reaction space using 1) 5-30mM Ca ... |
|
| Multisensor Approach to Mapping of 2D and 3D Geologic Features from Remotely Sensed Imagery |
14 AUG 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Victor R. Baker; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| The specific aims of this study are to develop and validate computational methodologies to characterize regional geomorphology at multiple scales using remote sensing data A University of Texas portion of the study focuses on the remote sensing computations and our portion focuses on paleohydrological and geomorphological interpretations In the University of Arizona portion of the project we found that the quantitative remote sensing imagery provided key data on gradients and ... |
|
| An Analysis of the Acquisition Process for Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineering Requirements (SABER) Contracts and Its Potential Impact on Contractor Performance |
MAR 2001 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Brian J. Heaps; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineering Requirements (SABER) contract's main purpose is to expedite contract award of civil engineer requirements through the issuance of individual delivery orders. The contract contains a collection of detailed task specifications that include most types of real property maintenance, repair, arid construction work. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition's Operational Contracting Division (SAF/AQCO) identified a number of failed SABER contracts. The problem ... |
|
| Real Time Computational Algorithms for Eddy Current Based Damage Detection |
2001 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
H. T. Banks; Michele L. Joyner; Buzz Wincheski; WIlliam P. Winfree; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION
|
| In the field of nondestructive evaluation, new and improved techniques are constantly being sought to facilitate the detection of hidden corrosion arid flaws in structures such as airplanes and pipelines. In this paper we explore the feasibility of detecting such damages by application of an eddy current based technique coupled with reduced order modeling. We begin by developing a model for a specific eddy current method in which we make ... |
|
| A Temperature-Dependent Constitutive Model for Relaxor Ferroelectrics |
2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Ralph C. Smith; Craig L. Hom; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION
|
| This paper addresses the development of a temperature-dependent constitutive model for relaxor ferroelectric materials. These corresponds exhibit a diffuse transition region between the paraelectric arid ferroelectric phases due to the chemical heterogeneity of the materials. At low temperatures, the materials exhibit significant dielectric hysteresis in the relation between the applied field E and the macroscopic polarization P, with the degree of hysteresis decreasing as the temperature increases to the freezing ... |
|
| Effects of Microbiotic Soil Crust Organisms and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seedling Growth of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) |
DEC 1999 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Rosemary L. Pendleton; Burton K. Penleton; Gwyn L. Howard; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Many Army land managers find stabilization, rehabilitation, and revegetation extremely difficult on disturbed lands in arid and semi-arid regions. Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima, occurs as a landscape dominant in the ecotonal region between hot and cold deserts of the western United States. Soils in this region are often characterized by well-developed microbiotic soil crusts. Revegetation efforts using blackbrush have met with limited success, prompting speculation ... |
|
| Military Geography for Professionals and the Public |
MAR 1998 |
447 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Collins; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
| Military geography, one of several subsets within those broad confines, concentrates on the influence of physical and cultural environments over political-military policies, plans, programs, and combat/support operations of all types in global, regional, and local contexts. Key factors displayed in table 1 directly (sometimes decisively) affect the full range of military activities: strategies, tactics, and doctrines; command, control, and organizational structures; the optimum mix of land, sea, air, and space ... |
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| Development of Constructed Wetlands for the Reuse of Wastewater in Semi- Arid Regions |
JAN 97 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Byung J. Kim; Sherwood C. Reed; Thomas Andrew; Patrick D. Sullivan; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| The objective of this study was to evaluate the design and function of the waste-water treatment and disposal facilities at the Utah Test and Training Range, Hill AFB, for possible applicability of USACERL's concept for the reuse of wastewater. |
|
| Major John Wesley Powell: Leadership on the Colorado River, (1869) |
07 JUN 96 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
Curtis A. Lapham; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| One of America's greatest naturalists and explorers is Major John Wesley Powell. His work includes the following: leadership of the initial expeditions to the Grand Canyon; leadership of the United States Geological Survey, Bureaus of Reclamation, and Ethnology; and founding member of the National Geographic Society. His landmark study on arid lands formed the blueprints for the development of the West. The Powell Expedition's epic journey is a popular subject; ... |
|
| Water Scarcity and Development in the Tigris-Euphrates River Basin |
AUG 95 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This report will examine aspects of water scarcity and development, and discuss solutions available to avoid conflict over water in the Tigris- Euphrates River Basin. (MM) |
|
| Comparison Between Finite Element Study and Simplified Analysis of Levee Underseepage |
JUL 95 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
M. A. Gabr; Anthony L. Brizendine; Hugh M. Taylor; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL LAB
|
| The computer programs for levee underseepage analyses-LEVEEMSU (finite difference), LEVSEEP (closed form), and SEEP (finite element)-were used to analyze a levee and foundation section described in this report. Results presented in this study illustrate the effect of variations in the ratio of permeability of the foundation %) to the permeability of the blanket (I%) on the flow predictions, the influence of introducing anisotropic conditions on flow domain, arid variation in ... |
|
| IONPAIR: A Chemical Speciation Program for Calcareous and Gypsiferous Soil Solutions |
SEP 91 |
|
| Authors:
Giles M. Marion; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Calcareous and gypsiferous soils are common along many river floodplains in the subarctic and arctic regions of Alaska as well as in more arid regions such as deserts and grasslands. The IONPAIR program was designed to speciate the chemical composition of calcareous and gypsiferous aqueous solutions. There are a number of commercially available chemical speciation programs. However, some program such as WATEQ4F do not allow PCO2 (the partial pressure of ... |
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| The National Study of Water Management during Drought: Report on the First Year of Study |
01 MAY 91 |
|
| Authors:
William J. Werick; Robert Brumbaugh; Gene Willeke; ARMY ENGINEER INST FOR WATER RESOURCES FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| This is a report on the findings and recommendations from the first year of the National Study of Water Management During Drought. The study, conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, with the help of the water management community, is a review of the way water is managed during drought in the United States. This report is a formal part of an ongoing dialogue within the water management and ... |
|
| Refinement and Testing of the Moist Convection Parameterization in the GL Global Spectral Model |
22 OCT 90 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Donald C. Norquist; Chien-Hsiung Yang; GEOPHYSICS LAB (AFSC) HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| An evaluation of the original version of the advanced physics moist convection parameterization revealed excessive heating and precipitation being produced by the scheme within the global spectral model. This report describes a series of corrections and modifications made to the parameterization software to improve its performance. Forecast experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of each modification. Turning off the entrainment formulation, using a newly developed scheme for computing the ... |
|
| Reclamation Law: Changes to Excess Land Sales Will Generate Millions in Federal Revenues |
FEB 90 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT DIV
|
| The availability of federal irrigation water to western farmland--due to the government's construction of water resources projects in the west-- increases the land's value. When excess land is sold, this added value becomes a profit that is not returned to the federal government. Under existing reclamation law, about 121,000 acres of excess land under recordable contracts will be sold within the next few years, which could generate as much as ... |
|
| Military Hydrology. Report 16. Assessment of Shuttle Imaging Radar and Landsat Imagery for Ground-Water Exploration and Arid Environments |
JUN 89 |
|
| Authors:
Harold C. MacDonald; Brent C. Clark; Doug S. Taylor; Gregory L. Rainwater; Verne H. Kaupp; ARKANSAS UNIV FAYETTEVILLE
|
| This report provides: 1) an evaluation of suitability of Landsat imagery TO bridge the gap between shuttle radar flight lines; 2) a discussion of the circumstances under which either remote sensor may be superior for detecting relict drainage systems; and 3) an assessment of the value of imaging radar for ground-water exploration in arid regions. The investigation indicates that relict fluvial channels initially inferred on shuttle imagery can be extended ... |
|
| Estimating Evapotranspiration of an Irrigated Surface from Upwind and Downwind Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Humidity |
88 |
|
| Authors:
David F. Zehr; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Evapotranspiration (ET) and the contribution of horizontal advection of sensible heat were predicted for an irrigated surface in arid regions from upwind and downwind vertical profiles of temperature and humidity. Measurements were made of atmospheric temperature and specific humidity to a height of 70 meters at the upwind and downwind sides of an irrigated alfalfa field with dry upwind conditions. The depth of air whose temperature and humidity profiles were ... |
|
| Satellite Remote Sensing of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Heat Stress Index. Phase 2 |
03 DEC 87 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
F. J. Schatzle; J. D. Baldwin; S. A. Hsu; O. K. Huh; F. W. Quirk; GULF WEATHER CORP BAY ST LOUIS MS
|
| The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is the basic parameter used by the U.S. Army to quantify heat stress. The index is computed as a weighted sum of dry bulb, wet bulb and black globe temperature measurements. During 1985, Gulf Weather Corporation received a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) phase I contract form the U. S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine to determine if the WBGT could be determined ... |
|
| Methods of Determining Playa Surface Conditions Using Remote Sensing |
08 OCT 87 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. P. Henley; ARMY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABS FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| Playas (dried lakes) commonly found in arid regions are geomorphic surfaces of importance for military and civilian use as aircraft landing sites, areas of easy or difficult vehicular movement, sources of dust produced by vehicles or munitions, and as a source of chemical and mineral deposits. The ability to remotely detect and determine the surface character of playas is of concern to the modern Army in preparing terrain intelligence for ... |
|
| Gallinaceous Guzzlers. Section 5.4.1, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual |
JUL 86 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Johnson; Ruth A. Jacobs; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This report was prepared as a guide to assist Corps biologists and resource managers in developing and implementing artificial watering systems for wildlife where water supply is a limiting factor. The gallinaceous guzzler is a permanent self-filling watering device used to improve habitat conditions for wildlife in arid and semiarid regions. The technique is appropriate for habitat management programs for game birds such as California quail (Callipepla californica), Gambel's quail ... |
|
| Environmental Impact Research Program. Rangeland Drill. Section 8.4.3. US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual |
JUL 86 |
|
| Authors:
Ted B. Doerr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| An equipment report on the rangeland drill is provided as Section 8. 4.3 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report is designed to assist the Corps District or project biologist with the selection and use of types of equipment and materials available for habitat development and manipulation. Topics covered include description, operation and maintenance, limitations, and availability. The rangeland drill is a heavy-duty, side-wheel ... |
|
| Environmental Impact Research Program. Press Seeder and Punch Seeder. Section 8.4.4, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual |
JUL 86 |
|
| Authors:
Ted B. Doerr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| An equipment report on press seeders and punch seeders is provided as Section 8.4.4 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report is designed to assist the Corps District or project biologist with the selection and use of types of equipment and materials available for habitat development and manipulation. Topics covered include description, operation, and limitations. The Oregon press seeder is a specialized drill seeder ... |
|
| Spectral Characteristics of Selected Soils and Vegetation in Northern Nevada and Their Discrimination Using Band Radio Techniques |
APR 86 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin B. Satterwhite; J. P. Henley; ARMY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABS FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| Characterizing arid region soils and vegetation conditions from remotely sensed imagery is limited by low interband and intraspectral reflectance contrast between soil and vegetation. This study has evaluated the spectral response of semiarid soils and vegetation and the utility of four calculated Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band ratios and band transformations for discriminating soil and vegetation. Ground-level reflectance spectra were taken of 62 soil and 236 vegetation surfaces. Mean reflectances ... |
|
| Environmental Conditions Associated with the Occurrence of Large Scale Dust Storms in Arid Regions of North Africa |
28 FEB 86 |
|
| Authors:
J. M. Prospero; D. M. Helgren; M. Estoque; J. Fernandez-Partagas; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL
|
| Dust storms are complex phenomena that are dependent on many meteorological and environmental factors. Because they normally occur in remote and in hospitable regions, they have been studied relatively little. Such studies are further hampered by the dearth of meteorological, climatological and geological data for such regions. In particular, the occurrence of the major storms seems to be related to identifiable meteorological conditions; such storms should be predictable with a ... |
|
| Reservoir Operation during Drought. Case Studies |
86 |
|
| Authors:
Katherine F. Kelly; HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER DAVIS CA
|
| During the past 25 years, the U.S. has experienced two of its most severe droughts: One in the Northeast in 1962-1967; and the other during 1975- 1977 in the Great Plains and the states along the West Coast. Many of the water supply systems in these areas are based upon surface reservoir storage. This report discusses the drought response of three regional reservoir systems within these drought impacted areas. Both ... |
|
| Meteorological Teleconnections between the Sahel and the Eastern United States |
DEC 85 |
|
| Authors:
Jeffrey Earl Malan; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The existence of atmospheric tleconnections between the Sahel and the eastern United States is investigated on a seasonal time scale. Precipitation data for the Sahel and surface temperature data for the eastern United States from the years 1951 through 1977 in the months June through October are used. The statistical procedures applied are principal component analysis; Pearson's product-moment and Spearman's rank correlation, simple linear regression. Data of the 700 mb ... |
|
| Recommended Species for Vegetative Stabilization of Training Lands in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments |
SEP 85 |
|
| Authors:
T. B. Doerr; M. C. Landin; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Maintaining natural resources on western military installations has received increasing attention in recent years. Of special interest are training ranges where the environmental impact of tracked and wheeled vehicles is significant. Revegetation and soil stabilization on the arid and semi-arid regions of these western installations require special techniques. This report identifies key plant species that may be useful to installation land managers seeking to maintain or rehabilitate training lands in ... |
|
| Deltaic Morphology and Sedimentology, with Special Reference to the Indus River Delta |
85 |
|
| Authors:
John T. Wells; James M. Coleman; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE COASTAL STUDIES INST
|
| The patterns of sedimentation and morphologic development of a delta result primarily from the interaction of fluvial and marine processes. Historically, the Indus River delta has formed in and arid climate under conditions of high river discharge (400 x 10 to the 6th metric tons of sediment/ year), moderate tide range (2.6m), extremely high wave energy (14 x 10 to the 7th ergs/sec) and strong monsoon winds from the southwest ... |
|
| Dust Availability in Desert Terrains |
85 |
234 pages |
| Authors:
Ran Gerson; Rivka Amit; Sari Grossman; HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM (ISRAEL) INST OF EARTH SCIENCES
|
| The study deals with dust in desert terrains-its composition, distribution and the relation to landforms, climate and age. Most of the dust in deserts is derived from soils and surficial deposits. These, in turn, are associated with landforms that are readily identifiable on airphotos (and in many cases-on topographic maps and space imagery). Emphasis is placed on particle size distribution, mineral composition, the composition of salts and the distribution with ... |
|
| Proceedings of the Ground-Water Detection Workshop Held at Vicksburg, Mississippi on 12-14 January 1982 |
DEC 84 |
|
| Authors:
E. A. Dardeau Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Contents: Military Water-Supply Requirements; Water Database Requirements; Ground-Water Occurrence in the Middle East; Status of Geophysical Methodology for Ground-Water Exploration; Ground-Water Detection: Radar Measurements of Soil Electrical Properties; Radar Detection of Ground Water; Ground-Water Detection using Landsat Imagery; Using Vegetation as Indicators of Near-Surface Ground Water in an Arid Environment; Projectile Penetration Technology Applied to Ground-Water Detection; Emerging Technology: Geophysics; Overview of Advanced Electromagnetic Techniques for Ground-Water Exploration; Geologic Constraints ... |
|
| Spaceborne Radar Subsurface Imaging in Hyperarid Regions |
JUL 84 |
|
| Authors:
C. Elachi; L. E. Roth; G. G. Schaber; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FLAGSTAFF AZ
|
| Imaging data acquired with the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) over the hyperarid region of Egypt/Sudan clearly show surface penetration through the sand cover. Even though absorption does occur in the sand layer, surface refraction leads to a steeper incidence angel at the sand/bedrock interface resulting in a stronger backscatter. A simple backscatter model shows that for a low-loss thin sand layer the presence of the covering layer enhances the capability ... |
|
| A Laboratory Investigation of Vibratory Compaction of Dry Soils |
MAY 1984 |
118 pages |
| Authors:
Cecil R. Webster; ARMY MILITARY PERSONNEL CENTER ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| In arid regions where water may not be available for standard field compaction operations, compaction of soils at low moisture contents may be necessary. To determine whether these cohesive and cohesionless soils can be adequately compacted in a dry state, a laboratory vibratory soil compactor was built and used to conduct the investigation. After analyzing the effects of frequency of vibration, acceleration, static weight, and moisture content on compaction, a ... |
|
| Discriminating Vegetation and Soils Using Landsat MSS and Thematic Mapper Bands and Band Ratios |
MAR 1984 |
|
| Authors:
M. B. Satterwhite; ARMY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABS FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| Characterizing arid region soils and vegetation conditions from remotely sensed imagery is often limited by the low brightness contrast between soil and vegetation and between different plant communities. The purpose of this study was to determine those Landsat multi-spectral scanner and Thematic Mapper bands and band ratios useful for discriminating soil and vegetation in a semiarid region. Ground level reflectance spectra, 400 to 1100nm, were taken of 35 soil and ... |
|
| Measurements of Optical Properties of Particulates in an Arid Region |
31 AUG 1983 |
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| Authors:
John A. Reagan; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION
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| Aerosol extinction profiles and aerosol extinction-to-back-scatter ratio, S(a), values have been determined for numerous days over the period May, 1979 to May, 1982 in Tucson, AZ via slant-path lidar measurements. These results have been analyzed to obtain a model aerosol extinction profile and a model S(a) value. The model extinction profile is characterized by rapidly, nearly linearly decreasing extinction through a 3km mixing layer (decreasing from 0.018/km at 200 m ... |
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| Revegetation Methods for Arid Areas. Revised |
18 AUG 1983 |
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| Authors:
C. Willis; D. Patten; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
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| In many areas in the Southwest deserts conditions favoring reestablishment of vegetation may only occur every four to seven years (Hassell 1977, Cook et al. 1974). For this reason, successful revegetation of disturbed desert lands requires special methods to prolong or take advantage of favorable moisture periods. In addition to moisture stress, soil fertility and toxicity problems are also common on areas in need of revegetation, Several agencies deal successfully ... |
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| Site Characteristics. Revised |
18 AUG 1983 |
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| Authors:
C. Moore; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
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| Revegetation success on disturbed sites is closely aligned to abiotic characteristics. Site-specific, microenvironmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation, effect revegetative success. Slope angle and aspect control radiation loads and thus temperature and evaporative demand. Soil characteristics will effect germination and growth of seeded species. The objective of this task is to described the abiotic site conditions for seeded areas on the downstream face of Adobe Dam. These conditions include ... |
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ARID LAND
