| Outfought and Outthought: Reassessing the Mongol Invasions of Japan |
12-Jun-2009 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Ryon F Adams; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
 | In 1274 and 1281, the Mongol Empire attempted overseas invasions of Japan, following diplomatic efforts to make Japan submit. On both occasions, the Mongols were unsuccessful. Although the Japanese offered stiff and well-coordinated resistance, the invasions have taken on an almost mythical quality, not so much because of the brave samurai defense of Japan, but rather, due to the fact that both invasions ended disastrously for the Mongols, as storms ... |
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| Statistical Field Estimation and Scale Estimation for Complex Coastal Regions and Archipelagos |
May-2009 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Arpit Agarwal; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| A fundamental requirement in realistic computational geophysical fluid dynamics is the optimal estimation of gridded fields and of spatial-temporal scales directly from the spatially irregular and multivariate data sets that are collected by varied instruments and sampling schemes. In this work, we derive and utilize new schemes for the mapping and dynamical inference of ocean fields in complex multiply-connected domains, study the computational properties of our new mapping schemes, and ... |
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| The Maritime Dimension of International Security: Terrorism, Piracy, and Challenges for the United States |
2008 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Chalk; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
 | A total of 2,463 actual or attempted acts of piracy were registered around the world between 2000 and the end of 2006. This represents an annual average incident rate of 352, a substantial increase over the mean of 209 recorded for the period of 1994 1999. The concentration of pirate attacks continues to be greatest in Southeast Asia, especially in the waters around the Indonesian archipelago (including stretches of the ... |
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| Global-Warming: A National Security Issue |
13 FEB 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Klug; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The waters in the Canadian Arctic are quickly becoming free to navigate due to global warming. international shipping bombards the region, the United States and Canada must be ready to face the security implications that will arise. A failure to do so may leave an opening for another terrorist strike on American soil. We must also be prepared to protect our interests in the region. Focus on Arctic oil is ... |
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| Development and Application of Dynamical Systems Techniques for Use With Ocean Data |
15 MAY 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Lawrence J. Pratt; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Various aspects of the Eulerian and Lagrangian predictability of oceanographically relevant flows are examined using models and data. For the problem of Lagrangian predictability, such as in search-and-rescue operations, dynamical systems techniques are used to determine the distributions of chaotic versus regular behavior in models of jets and recirculations. Eulerian predictability is addressed using phase space reconstruction of time series from models and hierarchy of oceanographic data sets. Uncertainty in ... |
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| A House Divided: The Decline and Fall of Masyumi (1950-1956) |
SEP 2003 |
253 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E. Lucius; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis analyzes the rise and fall of Masyumi during the era of the provisional parliament in Indonesia (1950-1956). As the largest of the pre- Suharto Islamic political parties in a country with an overwhelming Muslim majority, Masyumi was poised in 1955 to achieve political ascendancy, and thus to achieve its primary objective of establishing an Islamic state. Ultimately, Masyumi's leaders failed to unify Indonesian Muslims, and they consequently lost ... |
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| SWFSC Marine Mammal Abundance Data for Input into LMRIS |
14 FEB 2002 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Jay Barlow; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| We estimated meso-scale density and abundance of cetaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the summer and fall seasons. The study area encompasses over 25 million sq km, ranging from the tip of the Olympic Peninsula to the north, the coast of Peru to the south, and the Hawaiian archipelago to the west. Cetacean sighting data were obtained from nine research vessel surveys conducted between 1986 and 1996. We used ... |
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| US-Led Cooperative Theater Missile Defense in Northeast Asia challenges and Issues |
JUL 2000 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Rex R. Kiriah; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| On 31 August 1998, North Korea flight-tested a new, three-stage, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)/space launch vehicle (SLV) referred to by Western analysts and reporters as the Taepo Dong- 1. The Taepo Dong- 1 traversed a range of approximately 1,000 miles on a trajectory consistent with a satellite launch, which took it across the Japanese archipelago. Its first stage fell into the Sea of Japan, the second stage landed ... |
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| Tectonic Evolution and Midplate Volcanism in the South Pacific |
FEB 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Kelsey A. Jordahl; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| Changes in morphology of the Marquesas Fracture Zone are correlated with small changes in Pacific-Farallon relative motion. The simple flexural signal of a locked fracture zone may be obscured by tectonic effects, and there is no evidence for the release of shear stress on the fracture zone by vertical slip after leaving the active transform. One such small change in plate motion is documented in ... |
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| A Towed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler System |
FEB 96 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy A. Bray; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
|
| This grant covered the cost of acquiring a complete towed ADCP/CTD system, assembling it and doing preliminary tests. The system has subsequently been used very successfully as part of the ONR-funded program 'A Towed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler System,' to collect upper ocean profiles of current in the data scarce eastern Indonesian Archipelago. A cruise report is appended. The system was designed particularly for use on foreign research vessels not ... |
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| China, Technology and the Spratly Islands: The Geopolitical Impact of New Technology |
MAR 94 |
281 pages |
| Authors:
Esmond D. Smith Jr; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI ADVANCED RESEARCH PROGRAM
|
| The thesis of this study is that technology has become a key influence on national policies. By defining what is possible and creating new capabilities, technology creates an imperative for its use - a technological imperative - and thereby influences human choices and policy decisions. This concept is illustrated in an examination of Chinese policies towards the Spratly Islands, a broad area of tiny islands, atolls and reefs in the ... |
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| Weather as the Decisive Factor of the Aleutian Campaign, June 1942- August 1943 |
93 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Carol A. Wilder; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This study is an examination of historical data to determine if weather was the decisive factor of the Aleutian Campaign. The campaign was carried out early in World War II along the over 1,000 miles of the archipelago. Island warfare made joint operations a necessity. Weather conditions disrupted all areas of battle; sea, air and ground, and made attempts at coordinated actions futile. The intense weather conditions of the North ... |
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| The Spratly Islands Issue: Strategic Interests and Options |
20 NOV 92 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Brian J. O'Connell; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
|
| The issue of the sovereignty dispute over the strategically important Spratly archipelago is analyzed with reference to the background of the dispute, the strategic value of the islands to regional nations and the U.S., and the potential for military conflict as a means of settling the dispute. This paper concludes that the U.S. has sufficient interest in the outcome of the dispute to warrant the application of limited military force ... |
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| Climate-Related Research in Svalbard, |
MAR 1992 |
|
| Authors:
K. Sand; J. O. Hagen; K. Repp; E. Bernsten; NORWEGIAN HYDROTECHNICAL LAB TRONDHEIM (NORWAY)
|
| The Svalbard archipelago is located in the Norwegian Arctic, 76-81 deg N. In the Kongsfjord area, 79 deg N, on northwest Spitsbergen, there has been increasing research activity in several climate-related disciplines over the last few years. This research will contribute to the global efforts on monitoring and detecting possible global changes. An intensified program monitoring hydrological processes was run from 1974 to 1978 and restarted in 1988. One well-equipped ... |
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| The Conflicting Claims in the South China Sea |
27 MAR 91 |
|
| Authors:
Dato M. Alwi; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The South China Sea is a strategic location in the Far East and has historically been a major sea lane of communication linking Europe and East Asia. The whole area is under dispute between the littoral states that involved the numerous archipelagoes and gulfs. Territorial claims over islands, reefs, shoals, and atolls in the archipelagoes stem from the potentially rich sea-beds lying under the sea and the marine life there. ... |
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| CEAREX Ambient Noise Data Measured Northeast of Svalbard |
MAR 91 |
|
| Authors:
John D. Cousins; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Ambient noise measurements made northeast of Svalbard from two omni- directional hydrophones, deployed at 60 and 90 m beneath the ice, were acquired as the research vessel Polarbjoern drifted southward from 11 October to 18 November 1988. The ambient noise data as well as the accompanying meteorological and ice motion data were collected as part of the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment, CEAREX. The ambient noise measurements were composed of one ... |
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| Canadian SSNs and Their Employment |
SEP 88 |
|
| Authors:
Karen V. Brown; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Through the public forum of the 1987 White Paper, the government of Canada announced its intentions to make major changes to Canada's military and to her defense posture. Among other things, the White Paper publicized the planned acquisition of ten to twelve nuclear powered submarines. The government hopes that these submarines will help assert Canada's claim of sovereignty in the waters of the Canadian Archipelago including the Northwest Passage. The ... |
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| New Administrative Territorial Division: Hainan Province, China |
22 APR 88 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Ernestine H. Wang; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC FEDERAL RESEARCH DIV
|
| This study provides information on maps of Hainan Province, a new major administrative territorial division of China. Hainan Province was established on 13 April 1988, by a decision of the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. This decision also designated Haikou Shi (city) as the seat of the Hainan Provincial People's Government and Hainan Province as a special economic zone. Hainan Province ... |
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| The Physical Oceanography of the Northern Baffin Bay-Nares Strait Region |
DEC 87 |
|
| Authors:
Victor C. Addison Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A dense network of conductivity-temperature-depth measurements was conducted from Baffin Bay northward to 82 deg 09 min N at the entrance to the Lincoln Sea, in the most comprehensive physical oceanographic survey ever performed in the northern Baffin Bay-Nares Strait region. These data indicate Nares Strait Atlantic Intermediate Water and Arctic Basin Polar Water to be derived from Arctic Basin waters via the Canadian Archipelago, whereas the West Greenland Current ... |
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| Law of the Sea and Law of Naval Warfare |
MAR 87 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL JUSTICE SCHOOL NEWPORT RI
|
| Contents: Law of the Sea: -- Part A-Historical Development of the Law of the Sea - Developments through 1945, Post - WWII Developments; Part B - Legal Divisions of Ocean Space and Airspace-Baseline, Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Archipelagoes, Resource Zones, High Seas, Status of Vessels, Status of Aircraft, Peacetime Rules of Engagement; Targets: Vessels, Aircraft and Personnel at Sea, Methods of Naval Operations, Enforcement Mechanisms; Peacetime and Wartime ... |
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| David and Goliath - Can Airborne Infantry Defend Against Armor in Central Europe? |
17 NOV 86 |
|
| Authors:
Joseph O. Rodriguez Jr; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| This study examines the viability of the 82d Airborne Division's Antiarmor Defense Concept in the Central European environment. An overview of the Airborne Antiarmor Defense (AAD) concept is provided. This monograph compares the AAD with concepts for infantry defense against armor expoused by B. H. Liddell Hart such as the dynamic and archipelago defenses. This monograph examines the historical perspective of five select battles where a predominantly infantry force was ... |
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| Numerical Modeling of Sea Ice Dynamics and Ice Thickness Characteristics |
MAR 85 |
|
| Authors:
W. D. Hibler III; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is extended to include a full thermodynamic code and a complete multilevel ice thickness distribution. The variable thickness formulation includes a more realistic parameterization of ice ridging than used in previous models. Seasonal simulations have been performed using this model and the results have been analyzed with particular emphasis on examination of the ridge buildup results off the Canadian Archipelago and off the North Slope. ... |
|
| Proceedings of the Arctic Oceanography Conference & Workshop Held at the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity, NSTL, MS. on June 11-14, 1985 |
85 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| The four general subject areas were: Arctic Operations and acoustics; Buoys; and Sea Ice. Included titles are: MIZEX(Marginal Ice Zone Experiment) Operations; International Ice Patrol Operations; Remote Sensing for Polar Icebreaker Navigation in Sea Ice; Satellite Telemetry Buoys for Collection of Arctic Acoustic and Environmental Data; Arctic Temperature - Conductivity Buoys; Generation and Movement of Ice Islands near the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Effect of the Physical Properties of Ice on ... |
|
| Fourteen-Day Submarine Chase in the Stockholm Skerries |
16 MAY 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Karl-Erik Westerlund; NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT CENTER WASHINGTON DC TRANSLATION DIV
|
|
| Acoustic Backscattering from the Basin and Margins of the Arctic Ocean |
20 NOV 82 |
|
| Authors:
I. Dyer; A. B. Baggeroer; J. D. Zittel; R. J. Williams; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF OCEAN ENGINEERING
|
| Sound waves created by high-energy explosives were used to measure reverberation and backscattering in the Arctic Ocean. From an ice camp in the Beaufort Sea, signals were backscattered from the continental margin and other major features of the basin. An acoustic array was used to analyze the signals in azimuth. Based on these data we constructed charts of normalized backscatter level, which can be compared with known topography of the ... |
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| Gazetteer of Indonesia, Volume I (A-M). |
SEP 1982 |
|
| Authors:
W. R. Garren; B. D. Peterson; C. R. Page; DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Indonesia is an archipelagic nation, of more than 13,500 islands, which extends for 3,000 miles along the equator from the mainland of Southeast Asia to Australia. Indonesia's principal components are the individual islands of Sumatera (Sumatra), Jawa (Java) and Sulawesi (Celebes); the island groups Maluku (Moluccas) and Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sundas); the island sections Kalimantan (southern Borneo) and Irian Jaya (western New Guinea); and the former Portuguese overseas province of ... |
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| Gazetteer of Indonesia Volume II (N-Z). |
SEP 1982 |
|
| Authors:
W. R. Garren; B. D. Peterson; C. R. Page; DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Indonesia is archipelagic nation, of more than 13,500 islands, which extends for 3,000 miles along the equator from the mainland of Southeast Asia to Australia. Indonesia's principal components are the individual islands of Sumatera (Sumatra), Jawa (Java) and Sulawesi (Celebes); the island groups of Maluku (Moluccas) and Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sundas); the island sections Kalimantan (southern Borneo) and Irian Jaya (western New Guinea);and the former Protugese province of Portuguese Timor, ... |
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| Friday Harbor Marina Expansion Study--San Juan Island, Washington: Final Detailed Project Report and Environmental Assessment |
APR 1981 |
|
| Authors:
CORPS OF ENGINEERS SEATTLE WASH SEATTLE DISTRICT
|
| The study for expansion of the Friday Harbor Small Boat Marina was conducted at the request of the Port of Friday Harbor. The purposes of this study are to determine the need and feasibility of providing additional small boat moorages in the Friday Harbor area and to provide adequate wave protection for the existing and the expanded moorages. The existing marina includes a structurally unsound floating breakwater which is inadequate ... |
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| Summary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations (SSMO). South America and Selected Island Coastal Marine Areas, Atlantic Islands. Volume 3. Area 17 - Tierra del Fuego, Area 18 - Falkland Islands, Area 19 -South Georgia, Area 20 - Tristan da Cunha Group, A |
JUN 1977 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL WEATHER SERVICE DETACHMENT ASHEVILLE N C
|
| This report presents marine climatological data for specific coastal areas in 21 different tables including weather occurrence, wind direction and speed, cloud amount, ceiling height, visibility, precipitation, dry bulb, relative humidity, air-sea temperature difference, sea height and period, sea surface temperature and sea level pressure. (Author) |
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| Plate Tectonics and the Discrimination of Underground Explosions from Earthquakes. |
SEP 1975 |
|
| Authors:
Andrew J. Murphy; LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY PALISADES N Y
|
| The following work was undertaken during this contract: Develop long-period seismic instrumentation techniques with emphasis on increasing sensitivity and on discriminating against noise; (2) Investigate the general characteristics of seismograms with emphasis on studies of higher mode surface waves, core phases, and multiples of P and S and methods to selectively enhance these phases; (3) Investigate aspects of the new global tectonics relevant to the problems of detection and identification ... |
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| Caracas and Beyond: Negotiations on the Law of the Sea. |
01 FEB 1975 |
|
| Authors:
Charles L. Cochran; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TEAM
|
| Briefly discussed are: The international area of the deep seabeds beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; determination of maritime space and questions concerning the breadth of the territorial sea, straits, the continental shelf, and archipelagos; and Preservation of the marine environemnt, and the role of law in the transfer of technology between states on matters concerning ocean exploration and exploitation. |
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