| Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean: Acoustical Data Acquisition Analyses and Synthesis |
04-Nov-2009 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
D V Holliday; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
 | The research conducted with the funding made available through this grant was from an ONR Departmental Research Initiative (DRI). The objective of the DRI was to better understand Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean (LOCO). The explicit goal of the DRI was To understand the properties of densely concentrated, thin layers of planktonic biota that can occur in coastal ocean environments, and the interacting physical, chemical, biological and optical processes ... |
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| Biologically Inspired Nano-Contact Mechanics |
20-Jul-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Pradeep R Guduru; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DIV OF ENGINEERING
|
| The objective of this project was to investigate the mechanics aspects of biological adhesion and friction mechanisms of small animals and insects and to extract canonical principles that can help design synthetic surface micro-architectures that can mimic the exceptional adhesion capabilities of these animals. Our approach included theoretical modeling, experimental validation of the models and fabrication & testing of microstructures. Significant progress has been made in developing a fundamental mechanistic ... |
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| ATF4, A Novel Mediator of the Anabolic Actions of PTH on Bone |
Jul-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Guozhi Xiao; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| During the last year of support (from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009), our studies have made significant progresses in all aspects of the study: i) we demonstrate that ATF4 increases the expression of cyclin D1, a key factor for cell cycle progression, and osteoblast proliferation; ii) we show that ATF4 prevents osteoblasts from apoptosis in cultured osteoblasts and bone; iii) we also show that PTH stimulation of osteoblast ... |
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| Overview of the Air Carrier Access Act |
19-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Carol J Toland; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA), 49 U.S.C. Section 41705, prohibits discrimination by air carriers against individuals with disabilities. Public attention regarding an airplane passenger who traveled while infected with Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in 2007 raised questions regarding the ACAA's requirements and guarantees. Additionally, public concern about the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) outbreak may increase congressional interest in air travel regulations. This report briefly discusses the ACAA's statutory provisions, ... |
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| Veterinary Disaster Response at the National Level |
10-Apr-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen Miller; DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services? (DHHS) mission is to protect the health of all Americans; in particular those who are not able to help themselves. At question is how animals fit into this mission. The attachment people feel toward their pets - referred to as the human-animal bond - is real, and separation can affect the well-being of both. Where DHHS could play a prominent role in ... |
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| Pharmacological Prevention and Reversion of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy, by Modulation of Nitric Oxide/cGMP Pathways |
Mar-2009 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid; CHARLES DREW UNIV LOS ANGELES CA
|
| During Year 2 an experimental article previously submitted was completed and extensively revised for its ulterior recent publication (P-1), describing the time course of histological and functional changes affecting the penile corpora cavernosa after bilateral cavernosal nerve resection (BCNR) in the rat, as an experimental model for erectile dysfunction subsequent to radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. This condition seriously affects the quality of life of a large fraction of male ... |
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| The Potential Application of Hairless Guinea Pigs as a Replacement for the Yucatan Mini-pig in Animal Studies |
Feb-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle Imholte; Nichole Jindra; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| The Yucatan mini-pig (Sus scrofa) is one of the most widely used animal models for skin damage studies because it shares many of the same physical properties as human skin. While the Yucatan is ideal for laser exposure studies using a large spot size, its size and cost are excessive for projects using smaller beams. This experiment performed histological analysis of skin biopsies from pigmented Hairless Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) ... |
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| Uncoupling GP1 and GP2 Expression in the Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Complex: Implications for GPI Ectodomain Shedding |
23-Dec-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Luis M Branco; Alex Matschiner; Joseph N Fair; Megan M Illick; Kerry A Illick; Randal Schoepp; Robert F Garry; Mary C Guttieri; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) was characterized in plasma from infected African Green monkeys, rabbits, and guinea pigs. In all cases, during the terminal phase of infection only the protease-activated 63-kDa form of protective antigen (PA63) and the residual 20-kDa fragment (PA20) were detected in the plasma. No uncut PA with a molecular mass of 83 kDa was detected in plasma from toxemic animals during the terminal stage of infection. ... |
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| Molecular Modulation of Inhibitors of Apoptosis as a Novel Approach for Radiosensitization of Human Prostate Cancer |
Nov-2008 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Liang Xu; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The major goal of the project is to investigate the radiosensitization activity and mechanism of action of novel IAP-inhibitors in prostate cancer. In the third year of the project, we have investigated the in vivo radiosensitization activity of our lead IAPinhibitors, SH-130 and Embelin, and mechanism of action in human prostate cancer xenograft model. IAP-inhibitors potently enhanced radiation-induced tumor growth inhibition, together with increased induction of apoptosis. In nude mouse ... |
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| Molecular MR Imaging of Protease Activity in Breast Cancer with Activated Contrast Agents |
Oct-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dmitri Artemov; Yoshinori Kato; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| We synthesized and characterized a smart MR contrast agent activated by Cathepsin-D enzyme. The agent was tested in a cell free system and in vitro with immobilized breast cancer cells. We also initiated animal studies however due to the finding that the structure of the probe needs to be optimized we are currently refining the agent for in vivo applications. |
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| Novel Carbon Nitride Nanowire (CNW) Conjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment |
Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David Carroll; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC
|
| In this program we have tested the concept that carbon nitride nanowires (CNWs)-conjugated to Herceptin can selectively target and photo-thermally ablate HER2-positive breast cancer tissues using penetrating near infra-red radiation (1.06 microns). Our initial results in cell culture suggest that CNWs are far superior transducers of radiation to the SWNTs or Ag nanoshells due to their metallic nature and aspect ratio. Initial animal studies have begun. |
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| Studies on Axonal Transport in an Animal Model for Gulf War Syndrome |
01-Jul-2008 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Peter W Baas; DREXEL UNIV COLL OF MEDICINE PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| Gulf War Veterans are more prone to neurodegeneration, presumably due to a combination of toxins to which they were exposed together with stress. The hypothesis of the project was that these toxins might adversely affect the transport of subcellular elements called microtubules within the nerves, and that potential therapies could be developed accordingly. The one year of work did not resolve the issue, but progress was made toward refining the ... |
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| The Impact of Exercise on the Vulnerability of Dopamine Neurons to Cell Death in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease |
Jul-2008 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Amanda Smith; Anthony Liou; Michael J Zigmond; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| Parkinson's disease results in part from the loss of dopamine neurons. We hypothesize that exercise reduces the vulnerability of dopamine neurons to neurotoxin exposure, which is modulated by stress. We have outlined experiments to test this hypothesis in rats treated with one of several neurotoxins, beginning with 6-hydroxydopamine. Over the past year, we increased the size and training of our research team and made a number of observations of direct ... |
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| Photochemical Tissue Bonding for Military Medical Applications |
30-Jun-2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Prahl; Dennis McCal; NLIGHT PHOTONICS CORP VANCOUVER WA
|
| Report developed under STTR contract for topic number AF07-T033. The overall goal is to develop a complete system for micro-anastomosis of blood vessels. This involves (1) a unique laser system that uses water as the absorbing chromophore, (2) a clinically useful handpiece that is appropriate for microsurgery, (3) a novel albumin stent to support the vessel during anastomosis, (4) in vitro testing of the device to assess thermal damage, strength, ... |
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| Efficacy of Oritavancin in a Murine Model of Bacillus anthracis Spore Inhalation Anthrax |
21-Jun-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
H S> Heine; T R Jr; Parr; F F Arhin; D Lehous; B E Ivins; A Bassett; L Miller; J Bassett; G Moeck; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The inhaled form of Bacillus anthracis infection may be fatal to humans. The current standard of care for inhalational anthrax postexposure prophylaxis is ciprofloxacin therapy twice daily for 60 days. The potent in vitro activity of oritavancin, a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide, against B. anthracis (MIC against Ames strain, 0.015 microg/ml) prompted us to test its efficacy in a mouse aerosol-anthrax model. In postexposure prophylaxis dose-ranging studies, a single intravenous (i.v.) dose ... |
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| Annexin II-Dependent Mechanism of Breast Cancer Progression |
01-Jun-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mahesh C Sharma; DREXEL UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| Angiogenesis and metastasis are two processes that are central to the progression of cancer. As such, they have become important targets for the development of anti-cancer agents. Invasive and metastatic cancers of the breast are distinguished by their propensity of newly formed blood vessels (neoangiogenesis). Neoangiogenesis is a significant independent prognostic indicator in early stage breast cancer (1). Delineating the molecular mechanism(s) of neoangiogenesis may provide new insights into the ... |
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| Elucidating Mechanisms of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Action and Resistance in Breast Cancer by Bioluminescence Imaging |
Jun-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David Piwnica-Worms; Ken Blumer; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
|
| Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) block the post-translational processing of signaling proteins, such as Ras, that have key roles in breast cancer biology. In phase II trials, FTIs have exhibited clinical benefit toward a subset of breast cancer patients. However, FTIs have yet to be used widely in breast cancer therapy because it is not yet possible to identify patients likely to be FTI-sensitive or to use combinatorial therapy to broaden the ... |
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| Development of TWO HD Vapor Exposure Techniques in a Rabbit Ocular Model: A Pilot Study |
May-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Schulz; Roy Railer; Edward Clarkson; Carol Bossone; Melinda Sigler; Kenneth Despain; Kimberly Whitten; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This pilot study investigated the feasibility of two different vapor models to yield additional insight into HD-induced ocular injury. Eight female New Zealand white rabbits (2.0-2.4 kg) were divided into 2 groups. Rabbits were exposed to HD vapor (estimated vapor density, 1.4 gm/m3) ranging from 30 seconds to 4 minutes. Four rabbits were exposed to 10 microliters neat HD instilled into a vapor cap (VC) for a corneal only exposure, ... |
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| Breast Cancer Therapy Using Antibody-Endostatin Fusion Proteins |
01-Apr-2008 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Seung-Uon Shin; MIAMI UNIV FL MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The anti-angiogenic protein endostatin demonstrated considerable anti-tumor activity in animal models. However, limited anti-tumor activity has been observed in human Phase I/II trials. Trastuzumab has activity in HER2+ breast cancer used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Prior studies using an anti-HER2 antibodymurine endostatin fusion demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to anti-HER2 antibody or endostatin given alone or in combination. We generated two anti-HER2 human endostatin fusion proteins by fusing ... |
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| Functional CD8+ T Cell Responses in Lethal Ebola Virus Infection |
15 MAR 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Steven B. Bradfute; Kelly L. Warfield; Sina Bavari; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever that leads to death in up to 90% of infected humans. EBOV infection induces massive lymphocyte apoptosis, which is thought to prevent a functional adaptive immune response. In addition, in vitro studies show that EBOV induces aberrant responses in dendritic cells, which is thought to contribute to a failed adaptive immune response. In this study we show that in a lethal mouse model ... |
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| A New Animal Model for Developing a Somatosensory Neural Interface for Prosthetic Limbs |
12-Feb-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas J Weber; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| During the 12-month funding period, we completed a total of 7 acute experiments, with the goal of developing a technique for using multichannel microstimulation to activate several distinct groups of primary afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (aim 1). The utility of multichannel microstimulation is for the encoding of information in the spatiotemporal patter of stimulation applied to the afferents (aim 2). To the effectiveness of afferent microstimulation, we ... |
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| Mechanism of Tumor Metastasis Suppression by the KAI1 Gene |
FEB 2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Kounosuke Watabe; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SPRINGFIELD
|
| KAl1 is a tumor metastases suppressor gene which is capable of blocking the metastatic process without affecting the primary tumorigenesis. In this project we tested the hypothesize that the KAl1 protein on tumor cells interacts with gp-Fy (DARC) on the endothelial cells which activates a signal pathway of the KAl1 molecule and that this activation eventually leads to cell growth arrest of tumor cells. We originally planned to examined whether ... |
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| Mechanism of Tumor Metastasis Suppression by the KAI1 Gene |
FEB 2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Kounosuke Watabe; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SPRINGFIELD
|
| KAl1 is a tumor metastases suppressor gene which is capable of blocking the metastatic process without affecting the primary tumorigenesis. In this project we tested the hypothesize that the KAl1 protein on tumor cells interacts with gp-Fy (DARC) on the endothelial cells which activates a signal pathway of the KAl1 molecule and that this activation eventually leads to cell growth arrest of tumor cells. We originally planned to examined whether ... |
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| Development of a Biosensor for Identifying Novel Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals |
FEB 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Laurel J. Standley; SILENT SPRING INST INC NEWTON MA
|
| Substantial evidence indicates that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) particularly those that interact with the estrogen receptor may play a role in reproduction and hormonal cancers in humans and animals. EDCs can mimic or alter the action of the endogenous hormones, which have been shown to affect the reproductive and endocrine systems of mammals and reptiles. EDCs are found in food, water, air, and consumer products and originate from pharmaceutical, industrial, ... |
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| Antioxidant Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) |
FEB 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
A. P. Kumar; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO
|
| Clinically significant prostate cancer usually occurs in men who are 65 and older although precursor lesions are known to exist many years prior to cancer diagnosis. Histopathological changes referred to as Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) are considered to be the most likely precursor of prostate cancer. The mechanism(s) involved in progression of indolent to active disease remains elusive although a role for age-related increase in oxidative stress has been proposed. ... |
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| Effects of VX on Acoustic Startle Response and Acquisition of Operant Behavior in Rats |
Feb-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey L Langston; Kristina A Robinson; Lucille A Lumley; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This study evaluated the dose-response effects of subacute exposure to sublethal doses of VX on acoustic startle response (ASR) and operant behavior of rats. ASR baseline was established and rats were exposed to 2 consecutive daily doses of fractions (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) of the established LD50 of VX (16 micrograms/kg). ASR testing continued for 4 days post-exposure. Subsequently animals were dietary restricted and trained to lever press for food ... |
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| Vector Competence of Selected African Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Species for Rift Valley Fever Virus |
01-Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Turell; Kenneth J Linthicum; Lisa A Patrican; F G Davies; Alladin Kairo; Charles L Bailey; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD VIROLOGY DIV
|
| Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Egypt, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia have indicated the potential for this disease to spread from its enzootic areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Because little is known about the potential for most African mosquito species to transmit RVF virus (RVFV), we conducted studies to determine the vector competence of selected African species of mosquitoes for this virus. All eight species tested (Aedes palpalis (Newstead), Aedes ... |
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| Vaccination with F1-V Fusion Protein Protects Black-Footed Ferrets (Mustela Nigripes) Against Plague Upon Oral Challenge with Yersinia Pestis |
01-Jan-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Smith; Paul Marinari; Julie Kreeger; Tonie E Rocke; Jeffrey T Enama; Bradford S Powell; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Earlier studies established that vaccination of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) with F1-V fusion protein by subcutaneous (SC) injection protected animals against plague upon injection of the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This study demonstrates that the F1-V antigen can also protect ferrets against plague contracted via ingestion of a Y. pestis-infected mouse, a probable route for natural infection. Eight black-footed ferret kits were vaccinated with F1-V protein by SC injection at approximately ... |
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| Development of a Gene Therapy Trial for Metastatic Prostate Cancer |
01-Jan-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A Gardner; INDIANA UNIV AT BLOOMINGTON
|
| This award was to support the infrastructure and development of a Phase I clinical trial for men with metastatic prostate cancer. The Phase I trial under development employs a prostate restricted replicative adenovirus (PRRA) with excellent preclinical performance in vitro and in vivo in relevant animal models of human prostate cancer. Several components of the statement of work for this award have been completed. The key component of this trial ... |
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| Complex of a Protective Antibody with its Ebola Virus GP Peptide Epitope: Unusual Features of a Vlambdalx Light Chain |
JAN 2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Lee; Ana Kuehne; Dafna M. Abelson; Marnie L. Fusco; Mary K. Hart; Erica O. Saphire; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| 13F6-1-2 is a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the heavily glycosylated mucin-like domain of the Ebola virus virion-attached glycoprotein (GP) and protects animals against lethal viral challenge. Here we present the crystal structure, at 2.0 , of 13F6-1-2 in complex with its Ebola virus GP peptide epitope. The GP peptide binds in an extended conformation, anchored primarily by interactions to the heavy chain. Two GP residues, Gln P406 and Arg ... |
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| Neurofibromatosis and the Painful Neuroma |
JAN 2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Allan J. Belzberg; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| Pain is a common and distressing symptom that impacts the quality of life of many patients with neurofibromatosis. The pain is often due to the formation of a neuroma. To understand better how neuromas cause pain and what treatments may be provided, we have developed an animal model of a painful neuroma. The tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model has been confirmed as a model of neuropathic pain. The TNT model ... |
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| Mouse Models of Hrs Nf2 Interaction |
JAN 2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan M. Pulst; CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER LOS ANGELES CA
|
| Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome characterized by the development of tumors of Schwann cell, meningeal, and ependymal origin. NF2 is also the gene most commonly mutated in sporadic tumors of these cell types. With previous support from the NF2 program of the Army Medical Branch we have identified hepatocyte growth factor regulated kinase substrate(HRS) as a protein that interacts with schwannomin. Studies by us and others ... |
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| Auditory Weighting Functions and Frequency-Dependent Effects of Sound in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James J Finneran; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER PACIFIC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The long term goal of this effort is to develop meaningful auditory weighting functions for marine mammals. These weighting functions would improve assessments of the effects of anthropogenic sound by emphasizing frequencies to which animals are most sensitive and de-emphasizing those to which they are not. The objective of this effort is to develop auditory weighting functions for bottlenose dolphins with normal hearing and high-frequency hearing loss. The weighting functions ... |
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| Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment |
Jan-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Martin Siderius; Michael Porter; PORTLAND STATE UNIV OR DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| The overall objective of this research is to develop the best possible modeling tools for estimating the impact of sound on marine life. The goal is to provide state-of-the-art, open source codes to model sound sources, sound propagation and animal behavior. We will also assemble open source environmental databases for quantities such as seabed properties, bathymetry and ocean sound speed. Together, these tools will provide the best estimate of the ... |
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| Proof of Concept for Systematic Collection of Optimal Molecular Quality Anatomically Oriented Normal Prostate From Diverse Age and Race Transplant Donors |
DEC 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
G. S. Bova; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| The lack of availability of high-quality whole normal human prostate tissue from subjects of various ages and races impedes prostate cancer research in several ways. It prevents examination of prostate molecular pathologic changes on a time continuum, thus preventing the establishment of a definition of what the range of normal cellular activity is in a human male prostate for any one age or race. Just as important, the lack of ... |
|
| A Summary of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Reproductive Biology with an Emphasis on Seed Biology and Ecology from the Chesapeake Bay Region |
DEC 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Orth; Scott R. Marion; Kenneth A. Moore; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| Interest in seagrass restoration is increasing worldwide as the value of seagrass ecosystems is recognized by scientists, managers and regulators (Orth et al. 2000, 2006b, 2006c). Seagrass transplanting projects have traditionally relied on adult plants (Fonseca et al. 1998) using a variety of manual and mechanical techniques (Fonseca et al. 1998, Fishman et al. 2004, Treat and Lewis 2006). However, most techniques using adult plants are laborintensive and time-consuming, requiring ... |
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| Yersinia pestis YopD 150-287 Fragment is Partially Unfolded in the Native State |
17 NOV 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald Raab; Wieslaw Swietnicki; JAMES MADISON UNIV HARRISONBURG VA
|
| Yersinia pestis is a human and animal pathogen uses the type III secretion system (TTSS) for delivering virulence factors and effectors into the host cells. The system is conserved in animal pathogens and is hypothesized to deliver the virulence factors directly from bacterial to mammalian cells through a pore composed of YopB and YopD translocation proteins. The YopB and YopD effector proteins must be delivered first to form a functional ... |
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| CYP1B1, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in the Etiology of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Using an Avian Model of Ovarian Carcinoma |
01-Nov-2007 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
Dale B Hales; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of the gynecological malignancies due to its late stage of detection. Research in ovarian cancer has been hampered by a lack of suitable animal models. With the exception of the laying hen, no other animal gets ovarian epithelial cancer analogous to the human disease. The study further validates the hen model of ovarian cancer. The results of the study demonstrate that cancer markers in ... |
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| Delineating the Effects of Tumor Therapies on Prostate Cancer Using Small Animal Imaging Technologies |
NOV 2007 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lewis; MISSOURI UNIV-ST LOUIS
|
| This final report presents the data generated under the grant awarded to Jason S. Lewis, PhD (W81XWH-04-1-0906). This proposal was aimed at delineating the relationship between androgen ablation and hypoxia as well as monitoring changes in blood flow, metabolism, oxygenation, vascular permeability and cellular proliferation in animal models of prostate cancer using small animal PET. In this final report we detail the advances made in relation to the original Statement ... |
|
| Corynebacterial Necrohemorrhagic Cystitis in Two Female Macaques |
NOV 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Edward L. Stevens; Nancy A. Twenhafel; Anne M. MacLarty; NOrman Kreiselmeier; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| We describe severe necrohemorrhagic cystitis in a female rhesus macaque and a female cynomolgus macaque due to colonization of the urinary bladder by Corynebacterium sp. Clinically, both macaques presented with perineal bleeding and depression and, despite extensive and prolonged treatment, succumbed to the disease. At necropsy, the contents of the urinary bladders in both cases were hemorrhagic to greenish black, and the bladder mucosa was necrotic. The major microscopic fi ... |
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| The Transgenic TGF-Alpha or EGFR1 Overexpression Mouse Model for Symptom Complex Research |
OCT 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Tyvin Rich; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
|
| The TGF- transgenic over expression model has been used to study circadian running wheel activity (RWA) in C57Bl6 mice. The genotype of each transgenic animal is determined by PCR analysis of tissue and gel electorphoresis. Male and female transgenic and control animals have been assessed for RWA, phase, and total amount of activity in a light controlled environment using a 12:12 hour light/dark (LD) cycle and in constant darkness (DD). ... |
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| Molecular Imaging With Quantum Dots Probing EMT and Prostate Cancer Metastasis in Live Animals |
OCT 2007 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Leland W. K. Chung; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| Despite the development of various animal and tissue culture models for the study of human prostate cancer growth and metastasis, there is no non-invasive model that provides real-time information on the behavior of prostate cancer cells in the prostate or at distant sites. The goal of this application is to devise a highly sensitive and specific nanotechnology- based molecular imaging technique to detect prostate cancer growth locally and at distant ... |
|
| Complex of a Protective Antibody with its Ebola Virus GP Peptide Epitope: Unusual Features of a V lambda x Light Chain |
OCT 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey E. Lee; Ana Kuehne; Dafna M. Abelson; Marnie L. Fusco; Mary K. Hart; Erica O. Saphire; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD VIROLOGY DIV
|
| 13F6-1-2 is a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the heavily glycosylated mucin-like domain of the Ebola virus virion-attached glycoprotein (GP) and protects animals against lethal viral challenge. Here we present the crystal structure, at 2.0 , of 13F6-1-2 in complex with its Ebola virus GP peptide epitope. The GP peptide binds in an extended conformation, anchored primarily by interactions to the heavy chain. Two GP residues, Gln P406 and Arg ... |
|
| Face Recognition and Processing in a Mini Brain |
28 SEP 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Adrian Dyer; MONASH UNIV VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This report covers a 1 year project which evaluated the specific mechanisms that a miniature brain containing less than 1 million neurons "in animal model of the honeybee" uses to learn and subsequently recognize human faces. There were four specific aims "detailed below" to the project, and all of these have been met. The bee brain shows some similarities to newborn human infants in the way in which faces are ... |
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| Randomized Trial of Neuroprotective Effects of Erythropoietin in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Positron Emission Tomography and Neuropsychological Study. Addendum |
SEP 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James Abraham; Gregory Konat; Alicia Krasowska; WEST VIRGINIA UNIV MORGANTOWN
|
| Animal Research Study Amendment An amendment to the study was initiated in April 2005 to include animal experiments. As per published literature, proinflammatory cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction. The experiments were designed to assess the cytokines before and after chemotherapy in a rat model. We have established an experimental animal model to study chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction observed in the clinical setting. In this model administration ... |
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| Muscle Contraction Arrests Tumor Growth |
SEP 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kim C. Westerlind; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| We examined the hypothesis that a fatigue factor(s) is released by contracting muscle resulting in tumor inhibition. We used extracts from hind leg muscles stimulated (STIM) with moderate intensity to evaluate effects MCF7 and MDA MB 231 cells. The extracts were tested in vitro using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation and an apoptosis index based on morphology. STIM extracts increased apoptosis 127% (MCF7) and 190% (MDA MB 231) (p = 0.05) compared to ... |
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| Acute Effects of Irradiation on People and Animals from Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions |
Sep-2007 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
B I Gusev; N N Kurakina; A V Strelnikov; ITT CORP ALEXANDRIA VA ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DIV
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| We studied the mechanisms and features of the formation of the response reactions in humans and in animals to the effects of radiation factors imposed on them from experimental nuclear explosions. It was established that, as a result of short-term exposure of testing participants and the populace to a low-lying radioactive nuclear explosion cloud in 1968, with an overall external gamma irradiation of from 170 to 260 mGy (17.0 to ... |
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| Detection of Apoptosis in Early Life Stages as a Tool to Evaluate Chemical Control of Invasive Species |
AUG 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Lynn; K. D. Perry; V. L. Wilson; A. J. Kennedy; R. N. Millward; J. A. Steevens; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| Traditionally, the efficacy of chemical control strategies for aquatic nuisance species (ANS) has been assessed using indices of acute mortality. However, such lethality endpoints may be overly conservative estimates of control. Lower doses of chemicals may significantly compromise organisms at the cellular level and eventually lead to mortality or suspension ion of development. These effects are likely to occur prior to any observable mortality. The use of cell integrity assays ... |
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| Impact of Invertebrate Herbivory on Native Aquatic Macrophytes |
AUG 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Julie G. Nachtrieb; Michael J. Grodowitz; R. M. Smart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| This technical note quantifies the impact that invertebrate herbivores have on native aquatic plants by comparing dry biomass of five macrophyte species between two treatments; an insecticide treatment to remove invertebrate herbivores, and a control where the herbivore complex was left to develop naturally. There is little information available that quantifies the impact of invertebrate herbivores on native macrophyte biomass in the United States. Early research indicated that while macrophytes ... |
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| The Impact of Exercise on the Vulnerability of Dopamine Neurons to Cell Death in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease |
01 JUL 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Zpgmond; Amanda Smith; Anthony Liou; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
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| Parkinson's disease results in part from the loss of dopamine neurons. We hypothesize that exercise reduces the vulnerability of dopamine neurons to neurotoxin exposure, which is modulated by stress. We have outlined experiments to test this hypothesis in rats treated with one of several neurotoxins, beginning with 6-hydroxydopamine. Over the past year, we increased the size and training of our research team and made a number of observations of direct ... |
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