| Clinical Phase IIB Trial of Oxycyte Perflurocarbon in Severe Human Traumatic Brain Injury |
Oct 2012 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
M R Bullock; MIAMI UNIV FL
|
 | Cerebral ischemia is a common secondary consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including penetrating TBI. Experimental models of closed brain injury (fluid percussion, subdural hematoma, etc.) have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect after perfluorocarbon (PFC) administration, however, there is no data relating to a pharmacological effect of PFC in penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI;Tortella model) that is characterized by acute, sustained significant hypoxia. In this report we present data on the ... |
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| Development of a Design Tool for Planning Aqueous Amendment Injection Systems Soluble Substrate Design Tool |
Jun 2012 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C Borden; Ki Y Cha; Thomas Simpkin; M T Lieberman; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| Soluble substrate has been used at hundreds of sites to generate anaerobic conditions and enhance in situ anaerobic biodegradation / immobilization of chlorinated solvents, perchlorate, explosives, nitrate and chromium. Typically, the soluble substrate is diluted with water and then injected using a series of wells. In some cases, a pH buffer or other amendment may be included to further enhance biodegradation. |
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| Waste to Energy Potential - A High Concentration Anaerobic Bioreactor |
23 May 2012 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Murphy; Rebecca Robbennolt; ARCADIS US HIGHLANDS RANCH CO
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| Biological Hydrogen Production: Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater Effluent |
Mar 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P Harvey; Melissa M Dixon; ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A simple anaerobic biodegradation process using wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, shredded paper, and a purge of nitrogen gas was used to produce hydrogen and simultaneously capture nitrogen and phosphorus. Two reactor configurations were tested as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation reactors. Using the classic batch reactor provided greater stability of hydrogen production and simplicity of operation, whereas using the sequencing batch reactor provided better nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies. Evaluation ... |
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| An Investigation of Anaerobic Processes in Fuel/Natural Seawater Environments |
08 Feb 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S Lee; Richard I Ray; Brenda J Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Experiments were designed to evaluate corrosion-related consequences of storing/transporting petroleum and alternative fuels in contact with natural seawater. Fuels included petroleum JP-5, camelina derived JP-5, petroleum F-76, and algal derived F-76 and mixtures of the petroleum-based and alternative fuels. Corrosion rates were estimated from polarization resistance measurements and corrosion was measured by weight loss. Corrosion attack morphology and corrosion products were analyzed by three-dimensional profilometry, environmental scanning microscopy, and energy ... |
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| Use of Organic Substrates as a Best Management Practice for Active Ranges |
30 Nov 2011 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C Borden; Bilgen Yuncu; Stewart Farling; Tony Lieberman; Ed Alperin; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
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| Ongoing use of firing ranges and open burn/open detonation area can result in accumulation of high explosive (HE) and propellant residues that can be transported to groundwater in high permeability soils. However, leaching is much more limited in high organic carbon soils due to a combination of enhanced sorption and degradation. Organic materials can enhance explosive degradation by stimulating anaerobic biodegradation of the target contaminants and reducing naturally occurring Fe(III) ... |
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| The Role of Oxygen in Anaerobic Microbiologically Influenced Marine Corrosion |
Oct 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda J Little; Richard I Ray; Jason S Lee; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The relationship between oxygen and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) resulting from obligate anaerobic microbial processes is complex. Most reported cases of MIC of carbon steel and copper alloys in marine environments are caused by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with some dissolved oxygen in the bulk medium. Yet most laboratory experiments with SRB are conducted in the absolute absence of oxygen. The presence of oxygen can determine the rate and extent of ... |
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| Deployable Microbial Fuel Cell and Methods |
08 Sep 2011 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Frank J McNeilly; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| An anode/cathode system is disclosed for use in a Benthic microbial fuel cell. Carbon cloth forms at least a portion of the anode and is disposed on one side of a water oxygen impermeable layer, which can be weighted around a periphery thereof to hold the anode against a water-sediment interface. Carbon cloth flaps or strands can be attached to the other side of the impermeable layer to form the ... |
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| Field-Scale Treatability Study for Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation of Explosives in Groundwater: BioBarrier Installation and Hot Spot Treatment Using DPT Injection |
May 2011 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Steven T Downey; Xihong Zhai; Richard Meadows; SHAW GROUP INC BATON ROUGE LA
|
| West Virginia Ordnance Works (WVOW) was a TNT manufacturing facility from 1942-1945. The WVOW site is located on the east bank of the Ohio River, six miles north of Point Pleasant, WV. WVOW included 12 TNT production lines. TNT production resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. Complete decontamination was not achieved, so portions were transferred to the state of West Virginia for use as a wildlife management reserve. The site ... |
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| Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation at Chlorinated Solvent Sites |
FEB 2011 |
285 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen A. Lebron; Erik Petrovskis; Frank Loffler; Keith Henn; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND PORT HUENEME CA ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER
|
| During this demonstration, we evaluated and validated the sue of nucleic acid-based tools for site assessment and bioremediation process monitoring at chlorinated solvent sites undergoing MNA, biostimulation, and/or bioaugmentation treatment. Use of these tools is anticipated to reduce remediation costs by 1. supporting identification of sites amenable to MNA; 2. predicting sites where biostimulation can be successfully implemented; 3. identifying sites where bioaugmentation is required early in the design process, ... |
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| Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation at Chlorinated Solvent Sites |
DEC 2010 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen Lebron; Erik A. Petrovskis; Frank E. Loeffler; Keith Henn; Kirsti Ritalahti; Janet Hatt; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
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| Successful anaerobic bioremediation at chlorinated solvent sites relies on the presence of bacteria, such as Dehalococcoides (Dhc), capable of organohalide respiration (i.e., respiratory reductive dechlorination or "[de]chlororespiration"). Nucleic acid-based assays like the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique detect and enumerate Dhc in soil or groundwater samples by targeting Dhc-specific biomarker genes, including the 16S rRNA gene and the tceA, bvcA, and vcrA reductive dechlorinase (RDase) genes implicated in ... |
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| A Latent Trait Model of Simulated Combat Performance |
17 Feb 2010 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Vickers Ross R; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Military personnel perform many physically demanding tasks. Identifying the physical abilities that influence performance will contribute to the design of efficient physical training programs. Causal models were constructed to evaluate aerobic capacity (AC), anaerobic power (AP), and muscle endurance (ME) as potential causes of general performance (GP). Five simulated combat tasks defined GP. AP and AC, but not ME, influenced GP. The AP-AC combination contrasted with general strength (GS)-AC models ... |
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| Addendum to the Principles And Practices Manual. Loading Rates and Impacts of Substrate Delivery for Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation |
JAN 2010 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Henry; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
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| A number of improvements and advances for the enhanced in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents have been made since the Tri-Services Principles and Practices of Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents guidance document was released in August 2004 (Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment [AFCEE] et al., 2004). Numerous demonstration and full-scale applications have been completed, yet challenges to successful implementation of the technology remain (Simpkin and Norris, ... |
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| Surface Characterization and Direct Bioelectrocatalysis of Multicopper Oxidases (POSTPRINT) |
Jan 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Dmitri M Ivnitski; Constantine Khripin; Heather R Luckarift; Glenn R Johnson; Plamen Atanassov; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE DEPT OF CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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| Multicopper oxidases (MCO) have been extensively studied as oxygen reduction catalysts for cathodic reactions in biofuel cells. Theoretically, direct electron transfer between an enzyme and electrode offers optimal energy conversion efficiency providing that the enzyme/electrode interface can be engineered to establish efficient electrical communication. In this study, the direct bioelectrocatalysis of three MCO (Laccase from Trametes versicolor, bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from the fungi Myrothecium verrucaria and ascorbate oxidase (AOx) from ... |
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| Wingate Anaerobic Test Peak Power and Anaerobic Capacity Classification for Men and Women Intercollegiate Athletes |
DEC 2009 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michael F. Zupan; Alan W. Arata; Letitia H. Dawson; Alfred L. Wile; Tamara L. Payn; Megan E. Hannon; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS CITY-BASE TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE/BIOSCIENCES AND PROTECTION DIVISION
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| The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) has been established as an effective tool in measuring both muscular power and anaerobic capacity in a 3O-second time period; however there are no published normative tables by which to compare WAnT performance in male and female collegiate athletics. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification system for anaerobic peak power and anaerobic capacity for male and female NCAA Division I college ... |
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| Carbon Dioxide Corrosion and Acetate: A Hypothesis on the Influence of Microorganisms |
Nov-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph M Suflita; Tommy J Phelps; Brenda J Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| It is our hypothesis that fermentative acetogenic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria residing in pipeline facilities can influence corrosion through the production of carbon dioxide and acetate under the prevailing anaerobic conditions. The exacerbation of carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of acetic acid is a well-known phenomenon in the oil industry. Both chemical compounds can be produced and consumed by microorganisms during the anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter-- ... |
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| Edible Oil Barriers for Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater |
Mar-2008 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C Borden; M T Lieberman; SOLUTIONS INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES RALEIGH NC
|
| This Technical Report Addendum documents longevity and continued effectiveness of emulsified edible oil substrate for remediation of perchlorate and chlorinated solvents in groundwater. The project was funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP; ER-0221). The substrate used for the demonstration was EOS(registered trademark), a commercially available concentrated edible (soybean) oil/nutrient emulsion purchased from EOS Remediation, Inc. of Raleigh, NC. The demonstration was conducted at the Alliant Techsystems, Inc. ... |
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| Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewaters Containing Perchlorate from Munitions Handling and Production |
01-Jan-2008 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen W Maloney; Emina Atikovic; Makram T Suidan; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Perchlorate, an oxidizer routinely used in solid rocket motors, is easily washed out of old motors. The washout operation, however, leads to wastewater containing perchlorate. Royal Demolition Explosive (RDX), a major component of military high explosives, is transferred to Army industrial wastewaters during assembly of new munitions and during demilitarization of old munitions. New high explosives contain perchlorate, commingling perchlorate and RDX for the first time. In addition to their ... |
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| Potential for Biodegradation of the Alkaline Hydrolysis End Products of TNT and RDX |
NOV 2007 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah R. Felt; Catherine C. Nestler; Jeffrey L. Davis; Steven L. Larson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Energetic compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and their degradation products, can act as a source of contamination for soil on Department of Defense testing and training ranges. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis degrades nitroaromatics and nitramines, and the potential effectiveness of this reaction in soil has been demonstrated at both bench and pilot scales. This report evaluates the potential for soil bacteria to degrade the transformation products from the alkaline hydrolysis ... |
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| Comparison of Key West and Persian Gulf Seawaters |
18 JUL 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Richard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The experiments described in this paper demonstrate changes in the chemistries and microflora of two natural coastal seawaters collected from Key West, Florida, and the Persian Gulf as a result of storage and environmental conditions. Exposure to an anaerobic atmosphere containing a mixed gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen generated the highest microflora concentration, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Biotic dissolved sulfide levels were also highest in the mixed gas ... |
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| Engineering Considerations for Hydroxide Treatment of Training Ranges |
JUN 2007 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey L. Davis; Steven L. Larson; Deborah R. Felt; Catherine C. Nestler; W. A. Martin; LeeAnn Riggs; Edward J. Valente; G. R. Bishop; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The use of hydrated lime has the potential to be an effective in situ technology for the destruction and containment of explosives contamination. This was proven with the results from the SERDP project CU-1230, where it was shown to rapidly degrade RDX and TNT. However, prior to field deployment of this technology additional experimental work was required to address concerns regarding the mechanism of the alkaline hydrolysis reaction, the character ... |
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| Characterization of Chlorinated Ethene Degradation in a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland |
MAR 2007 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Waldron; AIR FORCE INST OF TECHNOLOGY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| Chlorinated solvents, including perchloroethene (PCE) and trichlorethene (TCE), are among the most common groundwater contaminants found in the United States. The use of constructed wetlands has shown promise as an effective and less costly alternative for the treatment of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater. This study characterized and evaluated the concentration of chlorinated ethenes within a vertical flow constructed wetland, fed with PCE contaminated groundwater, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), ... |
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| In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Cost and Performance Report |
MAR 2007 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Lutes Mr. Chris; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
|
| Chlorinated solvent contamination of groundwater is a widespread problem at many military and civilian facilities. This class of compounds includes widely used chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene. In addition to their roles in many industrial processes, CAHs have been used extensively for cleaning and degreasing. The U.S. Armed Forces are faced with widespread, costly remediation problems related to these compounds. ... |
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| In Situ Enhancement of Anaerobic Microbial Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Marine and Estuarine Sediments |
18 DEC 2006 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Max M. Haeggblom; Donna E. Fennell; Lee J. Kerkhof; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK NJ DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
|
| The management of marine and estuarine sediments contaminated with toxic organic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), is a major problem with far-reaching economic and ecological consequences. Enhancement of microbial degradation of PCDD/Fs in situ is an attractive remediation alternative that could potentially detoxify sediments, avoid the problematic redistribution of contaminants that is associated with dredging, and decrease the cost of sediment management. Reductive dehalogenation is a promising mechanism ... |
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| Evaluation of Deoxygenation as a Corrosion Control Measure for Ballast Tanks |
07 JUN 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Richard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; Edward Lemieux; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Field experiments designed to evaluate deoxygenation of natural seawater as a corrosion control measure for unprotected carbon steel seawater ballast tanks demonstrated decreased corrosion in hypoxic ( |
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| Protocol for Enhanced in situ Bioremediation Using Emulsified Edible Oil |
MAY 2006 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Borden; SOLUTIONS INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES RALEIGH NC
|
| Management of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents, perchlorate, and explosives is one of the Department of Defense's (DoD's) greatest environmental challenges. Chlorinated solvents have been used for years in both the military and commercial sectors for cleaning and degreasing many products and equipment including aircraft engines, automobile and truck parts, electronic components, and clothing. Widespread use of these compounds has resulted in impacts to the environment. Because of their physical ... |
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| Waste-to-Energy ECIP (Energy Conservation Investment Program) Project. Volume 1: An Analysis of Hydrogen Infrastructure Fuel Cell Technology |
APR 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Franklin H. Holcomb; Roch A. Ducey; Byung J. Kim; Gonzalo Perez; Robert Neathammer; Fred Louis; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Volume I of this work represents a preliminary analysis of the economics from an anaerobic sludge digester Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at a military installation integrated with a fuel cell with hydrogen production capabilities. The waste-to-energy, hydrogen production/infrastructure development, fuel cell system (WTE-H2-FC) was submitted for FY06 Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP) funding based on the estimated Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) range of 1.5 - 2, and an estimated ... |
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| The Paleoceanography of the Bering Sea During the Last Glacial Cycle |
FEB 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Mea S. Cook; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
 | In this thesis, I present high-resolution stable-isotope and planktonic-fauna records from Bering Sea sediment cores, spanning the time period from 50,000 years ago to the present. During Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) at 30-20 ky BP (kiloyears before present) in a core from 1467 m water depth near Umnak Plateau, there were episodic occurrences of diagenetic carbonate minerals with very low deltaC13 (-22.4%0), high deltaO18 (6.5%0), and high [Mg]/[Ca], which ... |
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| Effect of Residence Time on Net Nitrate Retention in Flow-Regulated Backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River |
FEB 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; William B. Richardson; David M. Soballe; John W. Barko; Harry L. Eakin; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| This research investigated relationships between water residence time and net nitrate retention (i.e., loading minus discharge) in flow-controlled backwater systems of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Goals were to gain a better understanding of the management potential for removing nitrogen in large river systems by increasing connectivity between nitrogen-rich main channel areas and backwater habitats. Nitrogen (N) runoff to receiving streams and rivers, particularly in the form of nitrate-nitrite (NO3NO2-N), ... |
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| No Effect of Moderate Hypohydration or Hyperthermia on Anaerobic Exercise Performance |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
S. N. Cheuvront; R. Carter; E. M. Haymes; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Purpose: This study examined the effects of hypohydration and moderate hyperthermia (core temperature elevation) on anaerobic exercise performance in a temperate environment. Methods: Eight active males completed two passive heat exposure trials (180-min, 45 degrees C, 50%rh) with (EUH) and without (HYP) fluid replacement. A single 15-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was used to assess anaerobic performance (peak power, mean power, and fatigue index) before (-180-min) and again a three ... |
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| Foam Delivery of Hydrogen for Enhanced Aquifer Contacting and Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents |
NOV 2005 |
163 pages |
| Authors:
George J. Hirasaki; Joseph B. Hughes; Clarence A. Miller; RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX
|
| Hydrogen biosparging of aquifers contaminated with chlorinated solvents is promising as a method to enhance in situ microbial dechlorination. The major problem is the inability to distribute hydrogen throughout the contaminated interval such that complete dechlorination can occur. Foam is a dispersion of gas in water that is stabilized from coalescence by the presence of a low concentration of surfactants. A promising method to greatly extend the horizontal migration of ... |
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| Evaluation of Deoxygenation as a Corrosion Control Measure for Ballast Tanks |
APR 2005 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Edward Lemieux; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Field experiments designed to evaluate deoxygenation of natural seawater as a corrosion control measure for unprotected seawater ballast tanks demonstrated decreased corrosion in hypoxic (<0.2 ppm O2) seawater using weight loss and linear polarization measurements. The experiments also demonstrated the difficulty of maintaining hypoxic seawater. Using a gas mixture it was possible to displace dissolved oxygen in natural seawater. However, aerobic respiration and corrosion reactions consumed oxygen and produced totally ... |
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| Running Economy: Comparing Alternative Measurement Models |
02 MAR 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Vickers R. R.; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The oxygen cost of running (OCR) is the oxygen consumed per unit of distance. Running economy (RE) refers to individual differences in OCR. OCR and RE are measured by dividing the oxygen uptake (mlO2) rate during a submaximal run by the speed (s) of that run. The results of these measurements are assumed to be independent of speed. This assumption is invalid unless the intercept (b(sub 0)) of the regression ... |
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| Characterization of the Aerobic Oxidation of cis-Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride in Support of Bioremediation of Chloroethene-Contaminated Sites |
05-Nov-2004 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
Shirley F Nishino; Jim C Spain; James M Gossett; Timothy E Mattes; Deborah L Sills; Nicholas V Coleman; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY
|
| The lesser chlorinated ethenes, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), are produced by anaerobic reductive dechlorination at subsurface sites contaminated by tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). Accumulation of VC and cDCE under anaerobic conditions limits the application of natural attenuation and enhanced reductive anaerobic biological in-situ treatment technologies (RABITT). Aerobic degradation of lesser chlorinated ethenes has been demonstrated, suggesting that sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions may result in complete mineralization of PCE/TCE. ... |
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| Developing a Brief Method for the Simultaneous Assessment of Anaerobic and Aerobic Fitness |
OCT 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Weyand; RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX
|
| The objective of the proposed effort is to develop a brief and accurate method for the simultaneous assessment of anaerobic and aerobic fitness that is practical for both field and laboratory use. We anticipate that a method requiring an assessment period of only a few minutes or less, and two brief, minimally fatiguing efforts is possible. Each subject will undergo established tests to assess their maximal aerobic power and anaerobic ... |
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| A Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier, Bovine Polymerized Hemoglobin (HBOC-201) versus Hetastarch (HEX) in an Uncontrolled Liver Injury Hemorrhagic Shock Swine Model with Delayed Evacuation |
OCT 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Jennifer Gurney; Nora Philbin; Jennifer Rice; Francoise Arnaud; Feng Dong; Meghan Wulster-Radcliffe; Bruce Pearce; Lewis Kaplan; Richard McCarron; Daniel Freilich; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| As HBOC-201 improves outcome in animals with hemorrhagic shock (HS), we compared HBOC-201 and HEX (used by U.S. military special operations forces) in a swine model of delayed evacuation and uncontrolled HS. Twenty-four Yucatan pigs underwent a grade III liver injury and were resuscitated with HBOC-201, HEX, or no fluid (NON). Additional infusions were given for hypotension or tachycardia. After 4 hours, the liver was repaired; IV fluids and blood ... |
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| Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Anaerobic TNT Biodegradation |
04 AUG 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
G. N. Bennett; R. Kutty; ARMY RESEARCH OFFICE RESEARCH TRIANGLEPARK NC
|
| Nitroaromatic compounds are widely used in the synthesis of dyes and munitions and have become common contaminants. The main nitroaromatic contaminant found at various Department of defense facilities is 2,4,6- trinitotoluene (TNT). This project investigated the metabolism of nitroaromatic compounds using cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. The studies included (1) the characterization of products of TNT degradation, (2) investigation of RDX and DNT degradation, (3) analysis of enzymes involved in ... |
|
| An Evaluation of Carbon Steel Corrosion Under Stagnant Seawater Conditions |
MAY 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Edward J. Lemeiux; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Corrosion, of 1020 carbon steel coupons in, natural seawater over a six-month period was more aggressive under stagnant anaerobic conditions than stagnant aerobic conditions as measured by weight loss and instantaneous corrosion rate (polarization resistance) tinder oxygenated conditions, a two- tiered oxide layer. formed. The outer oxide layer was reddish-brown and contained numerous filamentous bacteria. The inner oxide was extreme tenacious and resistant to acid-cleaning . Under anaerobic conditions, a ... |
|
| Demonstration of Bioaugmentation at Kelly AFB, TX |
02 APR 2004 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Alleman; Matt Place; David Major; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| Bioaugmentation is an innovative technology designed to promote complete reductive dechlorination at sites where natural attenuation or enhanced anaerobic dechlorination cannot achieve the level of contaminant destruction to protect human health and the environment. Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation through the addition of electron donors and/or other nutrients is being demonstrated in the field at an increasing number of sites where the geochemical environment cannot support natural attenuation. While the technology has ... |
|
| Characterization of Microbial Processes that Degrade Chlorinated Solvents in a Constructed Wetland Using Organic Acid and Inorganic Anion Concentration Profiles |
23 MAR 2004 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Chlorinated solvents have been used in industrial cleaning and degreasing processes in the United States since the early 1900s, and their induction into the environment increased significantly with the growth of industrial processes over the past century. PCE, TCE and their daughter products have been associated with a number of human health concerns and are currently the most common contaminants found in groundwater in the United States. Wetlands possess characteristics ... |
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| Characterization of Chlorinated Solvent Degradation Profile Due to Microbial and Chemical Processes in a Constructed Wetland |
MAR 2004 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa A. Sobolewski; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Perchloroethene (PCE) and its degradation products are among the most common organic groundwater contaminants in the United States. Constructed wetlands are a relatively new approach to dealing with this contamination problem. With their upward flow capability it is possible to introduce an aerobic and anaerobic environment with a consortium of microorganisms available to degrade the contaminants to within acceptable levels established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This study is ... |
|
| Phylogeny of Cyclic Nitramine-Degrading Psychrophilic Bacteria in Marine Sediment and Their Potential Role in the Natural Attenuation of Explosives |
2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jian-Shen Zhao; Jim Spain; Sonia Thiboutot; Guy Ampleman; Charles Greer; Jalal Hawari; NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA OTTAWA (ONTARIO) BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
|
| Previously we reported on in situ mineralization of cyclic nitramine explosives including hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in marine sediment from Halifax Harbour. In the present study, we isolated several novel psychrophilic bacteria from the sediment with optimal growth temperature at 10 or 15 C. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA genes identified the isolates as members of the gamma and delta subdivisions of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Clostridiales. The isolates ... |
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| Intrinsic Anaerobic Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Marine Sediments |
31 MAR 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Nanny; Joseph M. Suflita; R. P. Philp; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
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| Microbial cultures, capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation were obtained from the anaerobic marine sediments in San Diego Bay (Paleta Creek sediments) Using n-alkanes (from C6 to C12), alkyl-benzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, 0-, m-, and p-xylene isomers), and alkyl-cycloalkanes (ethyl cyclopentane), in conjunction with C13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (some of the hydrocarbon compounds were labeled with either 2H and C13-nuclei), anaerobic biodegradation reaction pathways and metabolite structures ... |
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| Corrosion Mechanisms of UNS N04400 in Sea Water |
MAR 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Kristine Lowe; RIchard I. Ray; J. Jones-Meehan; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Pitting and dealloying were observed when 70Ni/30Cu (UNS N04400) welded plates were exposed to artificial seawater containing sulfate-reducing bacteria. Attempts were made to differentiate biotic and abiotic corrosion mechanisms. Experiments were conducted in alternating aerobic/anaerobic conditions in the presence of inorganic sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria over the course of five months. |
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| A Comparison of Biotic and Abiotic Sulphide Films on Alloy 400 |
2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Kristine Lowe; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| ,Distribution, tenacity and chemical composition of sulphide films produced by bacteria within bioflims were compared with those produced by waterborne inorganic hides. Attempts were made to differentiate corrosion mechanisms of alloy 400 (70Ni - 30Cu) exposed to seawater in the presence of absence of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Experiments were conducted in an anaerobic environment in the presence of inorganic sulphide and sulphate- reducing bacteria (SRB) either freely corrosion of coupled ... |
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| A Comparison of Biotic and Inorganic Sulfide Films |
2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Distribution, tenacity and chemical composition of sulfide films produced by bacteria within biofilms were compared with those produced by waterborne inorganic sulfides. Attempts were made to differentiate corrosion mechanisms of alloy 400(70Ni-30Cu) exposed to seawater in the presence or absence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Experiments were conducted in an anaerobic environment in the presence of inorganic sulfide and SRB either eely corroding or coupled to an external cathode (alloy 400) ... |
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| Inhibition of Breast Cancer by Repression of Angiogenic Hypoxia- Inducible Transcription Factors |
SEP 2002 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Atul Bedi; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOLOF MEDICINE
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| The key transcriptional regulators of the cellular hypoxic response, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) and NF-kB, are responsible for induction of genes that regulate anaerobic metabolism, angiogenesis and cell survival. We hyothesized that cancer cells subvert these normal hypoxia-dependent mechanisms to enable their own deregulated survival and growth. Our results indicate that loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene augments HIF-1 and NF-kB-dependent transcriptional activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor ... |
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| The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide-Producing Lactobacilli on Wild Type and Catalase-Deficient Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Murine Model of Gonococcal Genital Tract Infection |
12 JUL 2002 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Kuch; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
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| The majority of morbidity associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility) occurs in women. Survival of the gonococcus in the female genital tract is challenged by a variety of host defenses including inhibitory commensal flora. Lactobacilli, the predominant facultative anaerobic microflora in the female genital tract, produce many potential inhibitory products. We demonstrated the capacity of L. crispatus and L. jensenii, two human vaginal commensals, to inhibit N gonorrhoeae ... |
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| Quantitative Environmental Cell - Transmission Electron Microscopy: Studies of Microbial Cr(VI) and Fe(III) Reduction |
JUL 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Tyron Daulton; Brenda J. Little; Jin Kim; Steven Newell; Kristine Lowe; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Several applications of environmental cell (EC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to microbial metal reduction studies are reviewed. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques were used to determine oxidation state, at high spatial resolution, of Cr associated with the metal-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis, in anaerobic cultures containing Cr(VI)C >42-. These techniques were applied to fixed cells examined in thin section by conventional TEM and unfixed, hydrated bacteria examined by EC- TEM. Measurements ... |
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| A Comparison of Modeling Approaches in Simulating Chlorinated Ethene Removal in a Constructed Wetland by a Microbial Consortia |
26 MAR 2002 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Campbell; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| The purpose of this study is to compare different approaches to modeling the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in the anaerobic region of an upward flow constructed wetland by microbial consortia. A controlled simulation experiment that compares three different approaches to modeling the degradation of chlorinated ethenes in wetland environments is conducted and investigates how each of the modeling approaches affect simulation results. Concepts like microbial growth in the form ... |
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ANAEROBIC PROCESSES
