| Ethyl Pyruvate Provides Therapeutic Benefits to Resuscitation Fluids |
Feb-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Luis Ulloa; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
 | Many promising strategies in experimental models of hemorrhage have failed in clinical trials, in part because classical experimental models may not mimic clinical settings. Unlike classical experimental models, hemorrhage in critical care is normally associated with collateral trauma that affects the physiological responses during resuscitation. Unlike rodents, swine are an optimal species donor for experimental hemorrhage as they have an anatomy, physiology and hemodynamic responses that closely resembles human. Here, ... |
|
| Impact of 30-Day Oral Dosing With N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Sprague-Dawley Rat Physiology |
JUL 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Darryl P. Arfsten; Eric W. Johnson; Angie R. Thitoff; Anne Jung; Erin R. Wilfong; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER (DET) WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS LAB
|
| A number of studies have demonstrated a protective effect associated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against toxic chemical exposure. However, the impact of long-term oral dosing on tssue pathology has not been determined. In this study, we assessed the impact of long-term oral NAC administration on organ histopathology and tissue glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Groups of 20 SD rats (10 male, 10 female), 8 ... |
|
| Examination of HFE C282Y/H63D Heterozygotes as a Potential Human Modeling System for Low Level Liver Damage |
MAR 2001 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
|
| Trichloroethylene: Free Radical Studies in B6C3F1 Mouse Liver Slices |
OCT 1996 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
L. Steel-Goodwin; T. L. Pravecek; B. Hancock; W. J. Schmidt; S. Trivunovic; MAN TECH/GEO-CENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH TOXIC HAZARDS RESEARCH
|
| Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR/spin techniques were used to test the hypothesis exposure of liver to trichloroethylene (TCE) causes increased formation of free radicals. Precision cut liver slices from B6C3F1 mice were incubated for 20 min. with TCE at headspace concentrations ranging from 0-10, 000, ppm with and without the spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone (PBN). PBN (10 mM) did not interfere with K + levels, lactate dehydrogenase, ... |
|
| Microbial Diversity (A Summer Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts) |
FEB 96 |
|
| Authors:
E. R. Leadbetter; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | The objectives of the course were to provide participants with both a perspective of, and experience in, isolating, identifying, and assessing the potential activities of the diverse bacterial populations that are present in a variety of natural habitats and the roles these organisms play in determining and maintaining those habitats. The applied (industrial, biotechnological) potential of (often) poorly studied and characterized members of natural populations was noted as was also ... |
|
| The Biological Effects of ADN on Hepatocytes: An EPR Study |
OCT 1995 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Sara E. Berty; Kenneth W. Dean; Linda Steel-Goodwin; Alasdair J. Carmichael; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIRECTORATE
|
| This project investigated the biological effects of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) on hepatocytes. It was hypothesized that ADN decomposes to form free radicals which would be deleterious to the body. The effects of ADN on the liver were studied because regardless of the route of exposure, once inside the body it will enter the bloodstream and ultimately pass through the liver. The leakage of the enzymes aspartate ... |
|
| Clinical Impact of Hepatitis C Infection in Military Active Duty Women |
30 SEP 95 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Maria H. Sjogren; WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| To determine the rate of hepatitis C infection among active duty women, 932 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Subjects were grouped under 3 categories: 463 healthy women, 388 women who visit outpatient clinics and 81 women who are hospitalized for a variety of diagnosis. Demographic data and serologic diagnosis of the infection were conducted. Serological assays were: a marker of liver disease: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and specific markers of ... |
|
| Nutritional and Immunological Assessment of Soldiers During the Special Forces Assessment and Selection Course |
SEP 95 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
B. Fairbrother; R. Shippee; T. Kramer; W. Askew; M. Mays; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The special Forces Assessment and Selection Course. (SFAS) is a psychologically and physically challenging 21 day course that is designed to assess and select active duty and reserve component volunteers for the Special Forces Qualification Course (Q Course). Despite the fact that the volunteers are provided a mix of A rations and Meal-Ready-To-Eat (MRE) field rations three times a day, there was an average negative energy balance of 1379 kcal/day. ... |
|
| Effect of Rate of Heat Gain on Selected Serum Enzymes in Rhesus Monkeys |
APR 94 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Cristine L. Heaps; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| Cell membrane leakage of sodium and potassium ions results in an energy drain at the cellular level as active transport activity must increase to maintain the membrane potential. This membrane permeability increases as body temperature rises, a result of an increase in the kinetic energy of the ions. Thermal stress and the resultant increased cell membrane permeability poses a challenge to the cell to maintain homeostasis and may contribute to ... |
|
| The Inhibition of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase by Three Alpha- Keto Acids |
13 MAY 1993 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Dale W. Porter; Edward U. Maduh; Eric W. Nealley; Steven I. Baskin; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| 3-MERCAPTOPYRUVATE SULFURTRANSFERASE (3-MPST: E.C. 2.8.1.2) is an enzyme located in the cytosol and mitochondria of cells and is believed be involved in the endogenous detoxification of cyanide (CN) because it is capable of transferring sulfur from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP) to CN, forming thiocyanate (SCN). In addition, 3-MPST activity is present in the erythrocyte and cyanide appears to be converted to SCN primarily in the blood, providing further evidence that 3-MPST may ... |
|
| Acute and Subacute Toxicity of 7.5% Hypertonic Saline-6% Dextran-70 (HSD) in Dogs. 2. Biochemical and Behavioral Responses |
1993 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Dubick; Gary M. Zaucha; Charles E. Wade; Jr Korte Don W.; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| 7.5 % Hypertonic saline-6 % Dextran-70 (HSD) is currently being evaluated in our laboratory as a resuscitation solution for the treatment of hypovolemia at a dose of 4 mI kg-1 body weight. A few reports of dextran toxicity, particularly of the kidney, have been cited in the literature, so the present study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity of HSD administered i.v. to beagle dogs. In the acute toxicity studies ... |
|
| Specific Mechanism-Based Glycosidase Inhibitors as Chemoprotectants Against Ricin Toxicity. |
15 SEP 1992 |
|
| Authors:
Sidney J. Stohs; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| Ricin is prototypical of many protein toxins, and is one of the most toxic compounds known to man. At the present time, no specific treatment is available for protein toxin exposure. Recent studies have shown that ricin exhibits a glycosidase activity which specifically removes an adenine base from rRNA, resulting in an inhibition of protein elongation and death of exposed animals. We have synthesized eight potential irreversible glycosidase inhibitors. The ... |
|
| Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Sodium Stibogluconate (Pentostam) vs. Ketoconazole for Treating Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Guatemala |
23 APR 91 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas R. Navin; CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL ATLANTA GA DIV OF PARASITIC DISEASES
|
| To determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of stibogluconate and ketoconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, we conducted a comparative trial in which 120 Guatemalan men with parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly divided into three treatment groups: sodium stibogluconate (20 mg of antimony per kg per day intravenously for 20 days); ketoconazole (600 mg per day orally for 28 days); and placebo. Stibogluconate was associated with occasional moderate ... |
|
| Mechanisms of Halocarbon-Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Mouse |
30 MAY 90 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Mary A. Smith; Jay Gandy; ARKANSAS UNIV FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES LITTLE ROCK
|
| Previous studies have shown that high-dose exposure to the halocarbon bromobenzene resulted in hepatotoxicity and lethality that was substantially diminished by co-treatment with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine. The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoxicity resulting from exposure to the related halocarbons, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene and iodobenzene, and to determine whether the resulting hepatotoxicity could be antagonized by phentolamine. Halobenzene-induced changes in hepatic glutathione concentrations and serum concentrations of ... |
|
| Protection Against Microcystin-LR-Induced Hepatoxicity by Silymarin: Biochemistry, Histopathology and Lethality |
04 APR 90 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
K. A. Mereish; D. R. Ragland; D. A. Creasia; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Microcystin-LR, a cyclic heptapeptide synthesized by the blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, is a potent hepatotoxin. Pathological examination of livers from mice and rats that received microcystin-LR revealed severe, peracute, diffuse, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhage. These changes were correlated with increased serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Pretreatment of either rats or mice with a single dose of silymarin, a flavonolignane isolated from the wild artichoke ... |
|
| Toxicology Studies on Lewisite and Sulfur Mustard Agents: Subchronic Toxicity Study of Lewisite in Rats |
31 JUL 89 |
|
| Authors:
L. B. Sasser; J. A. Cushing; D. R. Kalkwarf; P. W. Mellick; R. L. Buschbom; BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS RICHLAND WA
|
| Occupational health standards have not been established for Lewisite DICHLORO(2-CHLOROVINYL)ARSINE, a potent toxic vesicant which reacts with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins through its arsenic group. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex, 6-7 weeks old, were divided into six groups (10/group/sex) and gavaged with either, 0, 0.01, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg of Lewisite in sesame oil 5 days/week for 13 weeks. No significant dose-related change in body weight was ... |
|
| Effect in the Rat of the Interaction of Dichloromaleic Acid and Carbon Tetrachloride on Renal and Hepatic Function |
89 |
|
| Authors:
W. O. Berndt; NEBRASKA UNIV MEDICAL CENTER OMAHA DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY
|
| Water purification generates a variety of chlorinated contaminants, one of which is dischloromaleic acid (DCMA). Exposure to this compound is likely to occur in combination with other drinking water pollutants, some of which are hepatotoxic. This study was designed to examine the interactive effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), a known hepatotoxin, with DCMA on liver and kidney function in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Administration of a single dose of DCMA (200-400 ... |
|
| Effect of Soman Poisoning on Hematology and Coagulation Parameters in Rabbits |
JUN 88 |
|
| Authors:
Mary J. Lee; John G. Clement; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
|
| The effects of soman poisoning on hematological parameters (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets and measurement of hematocrit), coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII and factor XI and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate ... |
|
| The Regional Variability of Enzymes in the Brain |
AUG 86 |
|
| Authors:
David A. Armbruster; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Enzyme levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been used as prognostic markers in cases of brain injury with equivocal results. It is hypothesized that CSF enzymes are derived from the brain and that the destruction of brain tissue will result in the release of enzymes which will in turn elevate the CSF levels. Elevated CSF enzymes may thus correlate with the degree of tissue destruction and ultimate patient outcome. But ... |
|
| Calcium Antagonist and Heat-Induced Hepatic Injury |
02 JAN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Wilbert Bowers Jr.; Patricia Daum; Michael Blaha; Charmaine Stevens; Irwin Leav; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Isolated perfused rat livers exposed to 42 C for 90 minutes produce membrand changes which appear to be similar to those induced by toxic chemicals or hypoxia. Three calcium antagonists (nifedipine, dantrolene, and verapamil) which have been reported to reduce irreversible cell injury were separately included in perfusates of moderately heated livers. Potassium and transaminase leakage, bile production and ultrastructure were used to compare heated livers perfused with and without ... |
|
| Army Drug Development Program. Phase 1. Clinical Testing |
APR 85 |
|
| Authors:
Richard C. Reba; BIO-MED INC COLLEGE PARK MD
|
| Results are presented for Phase I Clinical Studies: The Army Drug Development Program . Activities include Experiment 21, WR 2HC1: Short Term Safety and Tolerance Study and Experiment 22, The Effect of Low and High Caloric Diet upon the SGOT and SGPT of Normal Human Subjects. Keywords: Antimalarials, Leishmaniasis, WR 6026 2HC1, Hepatic enzymes, Abate, Diet, Human subjects, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic TRANSAMINASE(SGPT). |
|
| Toxicity Studies of Formaldehyde Monomethylhydrazone |
FEB 1983 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Keller; M. E. Andersen; R. H. Bruner; J. P. Murphy; K. C. Back; AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The toxicity of formaldehyde monomethylhydrazone (FMH) has been studied. The LD50 of FMH in the mouse was 42 mg/kg. Signs of acute toxicity were tremors and violent convulsions. Pyridoxine effectively prevented these convulsions. Reaction of FMH and DMBA appears similar to monomethylhydrazine (MMH) suggesting past errors in quantitating MMH using the spectrophotometric method. The high dose group (20 mg/kg) of mice in the short term toxicity study had an elevated ... |
|
| Fourteen-Day Feeding Study of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Male and Female Rats |
FEB 1983 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Evelyn L. McGown; John J. Knudsen; George T. Makovec; Glen E. Marrs Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary data in rats concerning effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) on tissue histology, blood chemistry, hematology, and urinary parameters. Male and female rats were fed a laboratory chow diet to which was added 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 g DNT/kg. After 14 days, the animals were fasted in metabolic cages, killed, and necropsies were performed. No DNT-related effects were found on blood ... |
|
| Evidence for a Direct Role of Physical Effort in the Etiology of Heatstroke Injury and Mortality, |
13 JAN 1978 |
|
| Authors:
R. W. Hubbard; W. T. Matthew; R. E. L. Criss; I. Sils; M. Mager; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MASS
|
| A total of 171 untrained, unacclimatized and unanesthetized rates were used to evaluate the effects of sedentary and work-induced hyperthermia on the incidence of mortality and cellular injury, 24 h post-exposure. Cellular injury was defined as serum transaminase activity (SGPT and SGOT) exceeding 1000 IU/L (heatstroke levels). Both the percent mortality and the percentage of 24 h survivors with transaminase levels above 1000 IU/L were plotted against maximum core temperatures. ... |
|
| Environmental Stress and Biochemical Adaptation. |
01 MAY 1977 |
|
| Authors:
T. Ramasarma; INDIAN INST OF SCIENCE BANGALORE DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
|
| The regulation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase under conditions of environmental stress and treatment with diverse class of activators, including ubiquinol, with the common features of 5.4 + 0.8 a have been studied which led to the appreciation of the importance of this enzyme and redox status of ubiquinone in regulation of energy metabolism. The combined action of the two stress hormones, cortisol and noradrenaline, stabilizes the new steady-state levels of ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
AMINOTRANSFERASES
