| Steering of Upper Ocean Currents and Fronts by the Topographically Constrained Abyssal Circulation |
06-Jul-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Patrick J Hogan; E J Metzger; Charles E Tilburg; Jay F Shriver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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 | A two-layer theory is used to investigate (1) the steering of upper ocean current pathways by topographically constrained abyssal currents that do not impinge on the bottom topography and (2) its application to upper ocean - topographic coupling via flow instabilities where topographically constrained eddy-driven deep mean flows in turn steer the mean pathways of upper ocean currents and associated fronts. In earlier studies the two-layer theory was applied to ... |
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| The Use of Hydroacoustic Phases for the Detection of Oceanic Events: Observations and Numerical Modeling |
JUL 2004 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine DE Groot-Hedlin; Donna Blackman; John Orcutt; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
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| Hydroacoustic monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) requires the ability to detect and locate phenomena that give rise to acoustic signals. An improved understanding of the coupling of seismic energy to acoustic energy is necessary to improve location estimates of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Using known variations in near-source bathymetry, the authors demonstrated that scattering of seismic to acoustic energy at a rough seafloor yields the approximate ... |
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| A Laboratory Study of Localized Boundary Mixing in a Rotating Stratified Fluid |
FEB 2003 |
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| Authors:
Judith R. Wells; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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 | Oceanic observations indicate that abyssal mixing occurs near rough topography. How locally mixed fluid interacts with the ambient fluid is an open question. Laboratory experiments explore localized vertical boundary mixing within a body of linearly stratified, rotating fluid. A single oscillating bar produces a small region of turbulence along the wall at mid depth. Mixed fluid quickly reaches a steady state height set by a turbulent-buoyant balance, independent of rotation. ... |
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| Shearmeter Floats in the Area of the WHOI Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment: Technical and Oceanographic Data |
JAN 2002 |
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| Authors:
Timothy F. Duda; Brian J. Guest; Christine M. Wooding; Clayton M. Jones; Scott Lelievre; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| Six drifting floats designed to measure shear were deployed in the vicinity of the Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment. The one-year long time series of oceanographic conditions obtained by the floats are for direct comparison with long-term tracer dispersion. The purpose of the tracer dispersion experiment was to study mixing of Antarctic Bottom Water at approximately 4000 m depth with less dense water above. Two of the floats returned shear ... |
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| Deep Ocean Relocation Project Phase II: Sensors and System Architecture for Monitoring of Dredged Material Relocation to the Abyssal Seafloor (CD-ROM) |
08 FEB 2001 |
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| Authors:
Philip J. Valent; David K. Young; Albert W. Green; Donald C. Rhoads; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
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| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 25 Adobe Acrobat PDF files. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 63.5 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. ABSTRACT: This collection of reports documents a one year effort to identify sensors, sensor support platforms, sensor deployment strategies, and data recovery methods that could be used for monitoring potential contaminant leakage from dredged material placed on the deep ocean floor. A ... |
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| Mixing and Diapycnal Advection in the Ocean |
19 JAN 2001 |
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| Authors:
Louis C. Saint Laurent; John M. Toole; Raymond W. Schmitt; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| In the stratified ocean, vertical motions arise from both adiabatic and diabatic mechanisms. Diapycnal advection is the vertical component of flow across an isopycnal surface which occurs when mixing produces a divergent flux of buoyancy. Buoyancy forcing of the lateral flow by vortex stretching occurs when diapycnal advection rates vary with depth. Microstructure observations of enhanced turbulence above rough topography are presented. These data allow us to distinguish the influence ... |
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| Diapycnal Advection by Double Diffusion and Turbulence in the Ocean |
SEP 1999 |
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| Authors:
Louis St. Laurent; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| The role of double-diffusive mixing in the North Atlantic thermocline is considered. Mixing observations are analyzed in terms of the stability parameters for shear and double-diffusive convection, and a nondimensional ratio of dissipation rates. While the model for turbulence describes most dissipation occurring in high shear, dissipation in low shear is better described by the salt-finger model, and a method for estimating the salt-finger enhancement of ... |
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| A Graphical User Interface for Processing Data from the High Resolution Profiler (HRP) |
MAR 1998 |
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| Authors:
Ellyn T. Montgomery; S. T. Bolmer; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| The High Resolution Profiler (HRP) is one of the only oceanographic instruments that is capable of measuring turbulent velocity and temperature fluctuations in the abyssal ocean. It is a unique device, and consequently specialized communications, data conversion and analysis software are employed to examine the data it collects. This document describes a major upgrade of the software and hardware systems used to process data from the HRP. The bulk of ... |
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| Deep Ocean Relocation of Dredged Material, Transporting, and Emplacement |
JUN 97 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
P. J. Valent; D. K. Young; A. W. Green; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV
|
| Each year, 400 million cubic yards of sediment are dredged in the United States of which 3 to 5 percent is polluted and cannot be used beneficially or returned to the environment near dredging sites. Disposal of this polluted, dredged material is a national problem. One solution to this problem is to relocate and isolate polluted dredged material to the seafloor of the abyssal ocean, considered to include those depths ... |
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| Fine-Scale Record of Faulting in ONR Natural Laboratories |
15 JAN 97 |
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| Authors:
Brian E. Tucholke; Gary E. Jaroslow; W. K. Stewart; Martin C. Kleinrock; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| We analyzed fault patterns in ocean crust on the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 25 deg 25' - 27 deg 10'N, 45 deg 00' - 49 deg 00'W, using HMR1 long-range sidescan-sonar data and multibeam bathymetry. Our studies show that brittle strain on normal faults varies with respect to intrasegment tectonic setting and with respect to variation in magma input at the rift axis. Our analyses clearly document ... |
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| HydroBase A Database of Hydrographic Stations and Tools for Climatological Analysis |
MAR 96 |
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| Authors:
Ruth G. Curry; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| This report documents the organization, functionality, and algorithms of a software package which operates as a database manager and toolset for climatological analysis of hydrographic station data. It details the methods of quality control used in construction of the small, but growing, database and discusses some of the improvements HydroBase methods offer over existing gridded databases, including a short comparison to Levitus's World Ocean Atlas 1994 package. A large portion ... |
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| Selected Articles Submitted to AQU Ocean Science Meeting, San diego, CA, February 12-16, 1996 |
96 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. Keenan; Mary Sue Moustafa; S. V. Pisarev; P. Mikhalevsky; A. B. Baggeroer; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPMCLEAN VA
|
| This report contains the following abstracts: (1) upper ocean observations across an arctic transect, (2) evaluation of the SSXCTD fall rate equation, (3) observed anomalies in an upper arctic transect, and (4) measured transarctic acoustic travel times and model comparisons (complete article). |
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| Proceedings of the International Workshop on Numerical Prediction of Oceanic Variations Held in Tokyo, Japan on 7-11 Mar 1995. Dynamics of Eddy- Resolving Models of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan |
09 JUN 95 |
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| Authors:
Harley E. Hurlburt; Patrick J. Hogan; E. J. Metzger; William J. Schmitz; Alan J. Wallcraft; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
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| Topographic Effects in the Ocean: Proceedings, Hawaiian Winter Workshop, University of Hawaii at Manoa, January 17 - 20, 1995 |
20 JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
Peter Mueller; Diane Henderson; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU
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| These proceedings contain the lectures given at the eighth 'Aha Huliko'" a Hawaiian Winter Workshop on 'Flow Topography Interactions' and a meeting report. The lectures and the meeting report cover the major effects that seafloor topography causes on ocean circulation. |
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| Summary Engineering Report for Abyssal Plains Waste Isolation Project |
20 JAN 95 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
J. M. Hightower; William R. Richards; Steve Balinski; William Briggs; Timothy Foster; OCEANEERING TECHNOLOGIES INC UPPER MARLBORO MD
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| The Department of Defense's Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been tasked by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) to assess the environmental viability of the isolation of dredged material, sewage sludge, and municipal incinerator fly ash on the abyssal plains of the deep ocean. Abyssal Plains Waste Isolation (APWl) is the term given by this project to the isolation of waste on the abyssal plains. Oceaneering Technologies (OTECH) ... |
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| An Economic Analysis of Abyssal Seafloor Waste Isolation |
13 JAN 95 |
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| Authors:
Di Jin; Hauke L. Kite-Powell; James M. Broadus; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| This study describes an integrated analytical framework that captures the major economic, engineering, geographic, and social factors affecting the internal (direct) cost of abyssal seafloor waste isolation. We develop and apply computer models based on this framework to produce cost estimates for the disposal of sewage sludge and municipal incinerator ash via four deep ocean waste emplacement system concepts (surface emplacement, ROV glider, direct descent disc, and pipe riser) developed ... |
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| An Analysis of Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Models in the Southern Ocean |
MAR 94 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Rosemarie O'Carroll; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Comparisons between the two model runs, a half degree resolution and a quarter degree resolution of the Semtner-Chervin eddy-resolving global ocean model, and the Hydrographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean observations are conducted by analyzing horizontal and vertical sections. The quarter degree model, employing a Mercator grid, was interpolated forward from the half degree model initialization. For the last three years of the model run time, the resolution was improved ... |
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| Exchanges Between Hemispheres and Gyres: A Direct Approach to the Mean Circulation of the Equatorial Pacific |
SEP 93 |
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| Authors:
Susan E. Wijffels; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENG INEERING
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| The pathways for cross-equatorial and cross-gyre exchange are studied with an extensive set of new high-quality hydrographic data. Use of repeat surveys or comparison with historical data ensured that the data reflect mean conditions. An inverse model adjusts the circulation such that volume, heat and salt are conserved in subthermocline layers. Cross-equatorial flow is achieved in the abyss in a deep western boundary current which transports 10 Sv (=1xl0(exp 6)/cu ... |
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| KERE Hydrographic/Tracer Studies |
93 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Alan M. Shiller; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI HATTIESBURG
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| This project involved making a closely-spaced hydrographic section across the kuroshio near the point where it departs from the Japanese Coast. |
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| Quantitative Assessment of the Slope Resolution of Seafloor Mapping Systems |
04 FEB 92 |
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| Authors:
Ken C. Macdonald; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
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| The depth to the seafloor and the sediment thickness were observed with the SIO-MPL Deep Tow system from an altitude of 100 m on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the FAMOUS area, 37 N, providing what is probably the most appropriate high resolution data set available at this time for roughness studies of the abyssal hill terrain of the Western North Atlantic. We have re-analyzed the original ... |
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| Environmental Assessment for Selected Regions in the Mediterranean Sea |
JAN 92 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Mark J. Null; Paul J. Bucca; Bruce R. Gomes; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| This document contains a section of environmental parameters that is part of a larger Mediterranean Sea area acoustic assessment compiled under the auspices of the ASW Environmental Acoustics Support Project Office. Its contents reflect an environmental description of the geology, oceanography, sound speed variability, and currents in selected areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The geology section addresses the physiography, sediment thickness, dispositional processes, volcanism, and seismicity of each region. In ... |
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| Proceedings of Hawaiian Winter Workshop (6th) on Dynamics of Oceanic Internal Gravity Waves Held in Manoa, Hawaii on 15-18 January 1991 |
NOV 91 |
505 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Mueller; Diane Henderson; HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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| Contents: Internal Wave Shear and Dissipation; Internal Wave Dissipation in a Non-Garrett-Munk Ocean; Testing the Critical Reflection Hypothesis; Observations of Near-Inertial Internal Waves and Mixing in the Seasonal Thermocline; On the Statistics of Fine Scale Strain in the Thermocline; Spatial Structure of Thermocline and Abyssal Internal Waves; Estimates of Small- Scale Horizontal Divergence and Relative Vorticity in the Ocean; Measurements of Ertel Vorticity Fine structure in the Eastern North Atlantic; ... |
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| Results from the NW Atlantic Regional Energetics Experiment (REX): An Overview |
90 |
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| Authors:
J. L. Mitchell; Z. R. Hallock; J. D. Thompson; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The REX Project, which is nearing completion, has arrived at several fundamental conclusions regarding the dynamics and energetics of the Gulf Stream. These results have been possible through the complementary use of satellite altimetry from the U.S. Navy's GEOSAT-EXACT Repeat Mission (GEOSAT- ERM), numerical ocean model studies, and a field effort involving in situ measurements along the Gulf Stream path. Chief among these are results indicating that: (1) Mesoscale variability ... |
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| Deep Structure of the East Australian Current and Tasman Front |
APR 89 |
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| Authors:
P. J. Mulhearn; L. J. Hamilton; B. D. Scott; WEAPONS SYSTEMS RESEARCH LAB ADELAIDE (AUSTRALIA)
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| In order to investigate the deep structure of the East Australian Current and the Tasman Front, surface to bottom Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts were obtained along various sections through them on eight different research cruises. From this data set it was found that the depth to which these major oceanographic features extended was highly variable, lying between 2500 m and 4500 m. It was found that any flow below 1500 m ... |
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| Eddy-Kinetic Energy, Benthic Storms and Sediment Redistribution in the Argentine Basin |
12 JAN 89 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Gardner; M. J. Richardson; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION COLL OF GEOSCIENCES
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| To establish and define relationships between benthic storms (periods of intense currents and bottom resuspension) sediment distribution patterns, and the intensity of eddy kinetic energy observed in surface or bottom waters. A correlation between benthic storms, background particle concentrations and eddy kinetic energy has been established for the western North Atlantic. A similar correlation for another area known to have high standing stocks of resuspended sediments and surface eddy kinetic ... |
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| Environmental Influences on the Production of Arctic Halocline and Deep Water |
JUN 88 |
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| Authors:
James A. Hill; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Pease (1987) related the effects of atmospheric forcing, mainly temperature and wind fields, to the size of coastal polynas. Using Pease's formulation and Killworth's (1977) plume model as applied by Melling and Lewis (1982), the effects of atmospheric forcing on brine injection into the Arctic pycnocline are investigated. This paper will discuss the likelihood of coastal polynas as a source for denser abyssal waters. A standard case was developed for ... |
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| Mud Waves in the Argentine Basin and their Relationship to Regional Bottom Circulation Patterns |
88 |
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| Authors:
Roger D. Flood; Alexander N. Shor; LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY PALISADES NY
|
| Multi-narrow beam echosoundings from the central Argentine Basin of the South Atlantic Ocean define orientations of abyssal mud waves over an area of 100,000 sq. km. Mud wave heights vary from 10 m to >80 m, and wave spacings vary from 1 to more than 10 km, with typical values of 4-6 km. Sub-bottom reflectors demonstrate that many of these bed forms have migrated with time. At least four distinct ... |
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| Basin Acoustics in the Arctic Ocean |
88 |
|
| Authors:
Ira Dyer; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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| The FRAM program experiments were located in the Pole and Nansen Abyssal Plains of the eastern Arctic Ocean. During the four years span (1979- 1982), extensive experiments in physical oceanography, ocean acoustics and marine geophysics were conducted from a series of drifting, manned ice stations by scientists from the U.S., Canada and Norway. Physical oceanography measurements included C/STD profiles and transects, water sampling and current meter profiles. The acoustics of ... |
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| Shallow Sub-Bottom Reflectors in the Northeast Pacific: Distribution and Physical Properties |
14 APR 86 |
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| Authors:
W. E. Farrell; W. F. Monet; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP MCLEAN VA
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| This report discusses the affect the local geology and geophysics has on acoustic propagation in a region of the Northeast Pacific. Evidence for the existance of ash layers acting as significant acoustic reflectors is presented along with other physical property data (i.e., roughness spectrum and sediments thickness). Regional geology, deposition models and on-land analogs of similar depositional environments (presence of chert) are also presented. Keywords: Abyssal hill; Shallow sub-bottom reflectors; ... |
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| A Long Period Record of Bottom Currents on the Tasman Abyssal Plain |
SEP 85 |
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| Authors:
P. J. Mulhearn; ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY RESEARCH LAB EDGECLIFF
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| Results from a 99 day deployment of a recording current-meter 100 m above the bottom on the Tasman Abyssal Plain are presented. Strong southwards currents, up to 37.1 cm/s, were encountered. Kinetic energies are comparable with those found at abyssal depths under the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio. Tidal currents are weak, of order 1 cm/s. (Author) |
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| A Deep Boundary Current at the Foot of the New South Wales Continental Slope? |
SEP 85 |
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| Authors:
P. J. Mulhearn; J. H. Filloux; F. E. M. Lilley; N. L. Bindoff; I. J. Ferguson; ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY RESEARCH LAB EDGECLIFF
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| Preliminary evidence is presented for the existence of a deep, northwards boundary current flowing, at least intermittently, at the foot of the continental slope off New South Wales. Measured velocities were approximately 10 cm/s. Some eddying motion or meandering was apparent. Keywords: Boundary currents; Ocean currents; Descriptive oceanography; Bottom water; Abyssal flows; Tasman Sea. (Australia) |
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| A Random Layer Model for Reflection from Ocean Bottom Sediments |
08 FEB 85 |
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| Authors:
R. R. Greene; D. M. Rubenstein; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP MCLEAN VA
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| Sub-bottom sediment layering is identified as the cause of strong acoustic reflectivity from the sea floor in abyssal plains. A technique for estimating the reflectivity from layering statistics in deep sea sediment cases is developed. Preliminary calculations are carried out which exhibit the qualitative and quantitative behavior of observed bottom reflectivity. Originator supplied keywords: Bottom loss, Acoustic, Reflectivity, Sediment, Turbidites, Layering. |
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| Long Term Statistical Measurements of Environmental Acoustics Parameters in the Arctic. AEAS Report Number 2. Low Frequency Transmission Loss Measurements in the Central Arctic Ocean |
15 JAN 85 |
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| Authors:
B. M. Buck; POLAR RESEARCH LAB INC CARPINTERIA CA
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| Propagation loss data were taken using manned ice camps and aircraft and ambient noise levels were measured using arctic data buoys that operated through the NIMBUS 6 and NOAA series satellites. The present report of the series addresses propagation loss in deep water (i.e., over 1000 m) of the Central Arctic Ocean at low frequencies (10 - 500 Hz). The data were taken primaily for underwater shots, although some CW ... |
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| Inversion of Refraction Data from the Fram and Nansen Basins of the Arctic Ocean |
85 |
|
| Authors:
Gregory L. Duckworth; Arthur B. Baggeroer; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF EARTH ATMOSPHERIC AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
|
| As part of the Fram 2 experiment six refraction lines were shot in the Pole Abyssal Plain or Fram Basin of the eastern Arctic Ocean. During the Fram 4 experiment four refraction lines were also shot in the Nansen basin just northeast of the Yermak Plateau. The Fram 2 lines at 86 deg N, 24 deg W cover both the abyssal plain region and the northern flank of the Morris ... |
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| Effects of Biological Activity by Abyssal Benthic Macroinvertebrates on a Sedimentary Structure in the Venezuela Basin |
85 |
|
| Authors:
Michael D. Richardson; Kevin B. Briggs; David K. Young; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| Macrobenthic standing stock estimates from the Venezuela Basin were in agreement with those calculated from other ocean basins. Biomass and density values were significantly higher at a site characterized by hemipelagic sedimentation compared to two sites characterized by carbonate and turbidite sedimentation. The higher standing stock is probably related to the higher input of organic matter to that site. Vertical distribution of fura suggests that sediment was well mixed to ... |
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| Analyses of Extraterrestrial Materials in Terrestrial Sediments |
83 |
|
| Authors:
F. T. Kyte; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF GEOLOGY
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| Analysis of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sediments from Denmark and 2 Pacific sites (465A and GPC-3) have aided in demonstrating that the high concentrations of Ir in this boundary is a global phenomenon. This is consistent with the occurrence of a major accretionary event a this time, one which may have resulted in the massive terminal Cretaceous extinctions. The presence of high Ir concentrations in a mid-Pacific carbonate sequence (465A) and abyssal ... |
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| Late Paleogene (Eocene to Oligocene) Paleoceanography of the Northern North Atlantic |
NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth George Miller; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Seismic stratigraphic evidence indicates that a major change in abyssal circulation occurred in the latest Eocene-earliest Oligocene of the North Atlantic. Reflector R4 reflects a change from weakly (Eocene) to vigorously circulating bottom water (early Oligocene). Sediment distribution studies indicate a northern source for this bottom water, probably from the Arctic via the Norwegian-Greenland Sea/Faeroe-Shetland Channel. Current- controlled sedimentation and erosion continued through the Oligocene; however, above reflector R3 (upper ... |
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| Structure and Dynamics of the Benthic Boundary Layer above the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. |
MAY 1981 |
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| Authors:
Eric Arthur D'Asaro; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MASS
|
| The structure of the near-bottom velocity and density fields was observed for 3 months with a fixed velocity/temperature measuring array on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The velocity signal was examined for structure coherent with the observed mixed layers. Velocity fluctuations above 1 cph increase in energy near the bottom, especially within bottom mixed layers. The frequency and energy of these fluctuations is consistent with the expected properties of boundary layer ... |
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| Low Frequency Bottom Reflectivity Measurements in the Tufts Abyssal Plain |
1980 |
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| Authors:
N. R. Chapman; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT PACIFIC VICTORIA (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
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| Hatteras Abyssal Plain Low Frequency Bottom Loss Measurements |
14 APR 1979 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
Peter D. Herstein; Robert K. Dullea; Salvatore R. Santaniello; NAVAL UNDERWATER SYSTEMS CENTER NEW LONDON CT NEW LONDON LAB
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| Bottom-loss measurements were made for frequencies less than 800 Hz at three stations in the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The stations were each separated approximately 55 km along 70 deg. 30'W longitude. The data acquisition procedure was to launch two self-recording submersibles (AUTOBUOYS) and then maneuever from and to the launch site detonating explosives as the AUTOBUOYS recorded data. Because of the experimental geometry, the direct and bottom-interacting signals were time-separated ... |
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| Bottom Loss Measurements in the Eastern Pacific Ocean |
26 JAN 1977 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
John H. Rubisch; Paul S. Haas; NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARMINSTERPA AERO-ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY DEPT
|
| Low frequency acoustic bottom loss measurements were conducted from aircraft over a broad Northeastern Pacific region, using sonobuoys and explosives. Geologic descriptions of the region typify it as being somewhat uniformly blanketed by pelagic clays less than 100 m thick. Bottom loss at the 20 stations visited, however, showed considerable variation. Individual station results are presented with supporting data. In addition, bottom loss data acquired at several closely grouped stations ... |
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| Bottom Reverberation in the North Atlantic. |
DEC 1975 |
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| Authors:
Anne E. Robison; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT ATLANTIC DARTMOUTH (NOVA SCOTIA)
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| Bottom reverberation measurements made at 123 sites in different physiographic provinces in the North Atlantic are described. From these measurements bottom backscattering strengths have been computed as a function of grazing angle between 35 deg and 75 deg for octave frequency bands ranging from that centred at 141 Hz to that at 18.1 kHz. The results are presented in tabular form and are also compared with other published data from ... |
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| A Numerical Model for Calculation of Interstitial Silica Concentrations in Deep-Sea Cores. |
DEC 1974 |
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| Authors:
N. L. Guinasso Jr; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| This report describes a finite difference solution to a coupled pair of steady state non-linear differential equations that arise in a model of the dissolution of silicious tests on the sea floor (Schink et al, 1975). An iterative procedure is used to treat the non-linear coupling between the equation describing solid phase concentration. An analytical solution for the case where solid phase concentration is constant with depth is used to ... |
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| Late Quarternary Sedimentation in the Eastern Angola Basin |
NOV 73 |
|
| Authors:
Brian D. Bornhold; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Recent sedimentation in the eastern Angola Basin includes calcareous oozes in the north and south (Guinea Rise and Walvis Ridge) and hemipelagic lutites and terrigenous turbidites on the Congo Cone and on the Angola rise and abyssal plain. Slumped and ponded sediments are dominant within the Angola diapir field. Illite and montmorillonite are abundant in the southern part of the basin, reflecting the source in soils of South West Africa ... |
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| Acoustic Environmental Summary for North Atlantic Ocean Area NA-1. |
JUN 1969 |
|
| Authors:
John J. Russell; NAVAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DIEGO CALIF
|
| This report presents a seasonal oceanographic environmental summary for North Atlantic area NA-1, northeast of Bermuda -- 33-38 deg N x 56-62 deg W. The contents of this environmental summary represent a statistical cross section of the conditions which can exist in this region. Velocity structure data resulted from an analysis of Nansen cast and bathythermograph data from the Code 556 digital oceanographic data bank. Additional environmental data from various ... |
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| Temperature Data from the Pacific Abyssal Water from the CIRCE, NOVA, SHOW, TRIPOD and ZETES Expeditions. |
1969 |
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| Authors:
Y. Chung; M. L. Bell; J. G. Sclater; C. Corry; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CALIF
|
| This report presents the Pacific abyssal water temperature data accumulated during heat flow measurements made by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from 1966 to 1968. The cruises include TRIPOD (1966), ZETES (1966), SHOW (1966), NOVA (1967), and CIRCE (1968) expeditions. The heat flow measurements are carried out by using Bullard type instrument which is composed mainly of a probe, several sensing thermistors, and a recorder housed in the pressure case. ... |
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| Bottom Reflection Loss in an Area in the Hatteras Abyssal Plain |
OCT 1965 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Winokur; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE NSTL STATION MS
|
| Bottom reflection loss measurements were made along three tracks in a 1 degree quadrangle, designated Area C, extending from 33 deg 00' to 34 deg 00'N and 71 deg 00' to 72 deg 00'W. The area lies along the northwestern edge of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Explosive sound sources were used and, based on peak pressure, bottom reflection loss values were computed. Bottom loss at 1 and 3.5 kc for ... |
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| DETAILED OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH IN THE REGION OF THE KURILE-KAMCHATKA DEEP IN MAY-JULY 1953 (Kompleksnye okeanograficheskie issledovaniia v raione Kurilo-Kamchatskoi vpadiny v mae iiule 1953 g) |
DEC 1962 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
L. A. Zenkevich; A. N. Bogoiavlenskii; AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY BOSTON MA
|
| The main task of the described voyage of the expeditionary ship, Vitiaz, was to make complex oceanographic investigations in the region of the Kurile-Kamchatka deep. Bottom relief, bottom deposits, the hydrological structure of water masses, heavy (rough) seas, and also the distribution of bottom fauna and flora (plankton, benthos, fish, microbes) were studied. Geological investigations of the Kurile ridge necessitated extending the operations to the southeast and to the north ... |
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| Quantitative Distribution of Bottom Fauna in the World Ocean Abyssal Areas - USSR - |
18 MAY 1960 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
L. A. Zenkevich; N. G. Barsanova; G. M. Belyayev; JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA
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| Oceanographic Research. |
OCT 1949 |
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| Authors:
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MASS
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| This report contains a quarterly summary of work carried out by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution under the following headings: Papers submitted for publication; Preliminary report on ATLANTIC Cruise 157; Deep water in the Brownson Deep; Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea; Oceanographic surveys off East Coast of U.S. between Miami, Florida, and Cape Hatteras; Arctic oceanography; Salinity titrations and calibrations of thermometers; Sea surface wave investigations; Current measurments; Theoretical studies; ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
ABYSSAL ZONES
