| Induction of Immunity to a Breast Cancer Associated Mucin in Transgenic Mice Expressing the Human Antigen - A Preclinical Study |
OCT 2000 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Edward P. Cohen; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
 | The high incidence of breast cancer in women and the severity of the disease have stimulated a need for improved and novel forms of therapy. MUC1 has been identified as a breast cancer antigen in breast cancer patients. Transgenic mice were prepared that expressed human MUC1. The mice are naturally tolerant to the molecule providing an opportunity to investigate immunotherapeutic strategies in experimental animals that might eventually be applied to ... |
|
| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Protection of Guinea Pigs by Passive Immunization With Human Botulinum Immune Globulin Obtained Post Primary Series and Post Six-Month Booster I |
OCT 2000 |
383 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robert E. Hunt; Rebekah A. Starner; Michelle L. Clagett; Nancy A. Niemuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Studies (MREF Tasks 95-39, 96-45, 97-51, and 97-52) have previously demonstrated a high degree of correlation between circulating neutralizing antibody titers and protection against high doses of all botulinum toxin serotypes in the guinea pig model. Neutralizing antibodies have been proposed to the FDA as a serological marker for human protection since efficacy for This vaccine cannot be directly demonstrated in traditional human clinical trials. Task 97-53 establishes the level ... |
|
| Immunity to HER-1/neu Protein |
OCT 2000 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Mary L. Disis; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE
|
| The HER-2/neu (HER2) proto-oncogene is amplified and overexpressed in 20-40% of invasive breast cancers. HER2 over-expression is associated with aggressive disease and is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in several subsets of patients. The overall goal for the proposal is to develop the knowledge base necessary to develop vaccine and T cell therapy strategies directed against HER2. Preliminary studies prior to the grant discovered that some patients with breast ... |
|
| Critical Role for Aberrant CpG Island Methylation in the Evolution and Progression of Breast Cancer: Characterization of Known Genes and Identification of Novel Genes |
SEP 2000 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Steven A. Belinsky; LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| CpG island methylation is an epigenetic modification of DNA associated with the silencing of gene transcription. The hypothesis of this proposal is that breast cancers develop along different pathways, some involving aberrant CpG island methylation for gene inactivation. Some of the genes or CpG islands identified in the methylation-dependent pathways will also be inactivated early in breast cancer evolution and/or will be associated with prognosis. These hypotheses will be tested ... |
|
| Identification of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer by International Mutagenesis and Functional Inactivation |
SEP 2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Yan An Su; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
|
| Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in Western women, affecting up to one in 10 women during their lifetime and approximately 40,000 women dying from the disease each year in the U.S. Tumor genetic profiling through such methods as loss of heterozygosity (LOM) screening, comparative genomic hybridization (CGll), and cDNA microarrays all point to the same conclusion that a number of genetic changes are responsible for the malignant phenotype. ... |
|
| Identification of Novel Breast Cancer Antigens Using Phage Antibody Libraries |
SEP 2000 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
James D. Marks; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| The purpose of this project is to use phage antibody libraries to identify novel breast tumor antigens. The antibodies could be used for breast cancer immunotherapy and the antigens could be used as cancer vaccines. In the first year, we used a model system to identify the factors allowing successful phage antibody library selection on tumor cell lines. Multivalent display of phage antibodies led to more efficient selection of cell ... |
|
| Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor Activity of p53 in Human Breast Cancer |
SEP 2000 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
James Manfredi; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Consistent with its function as a transcription factor, the ability to bind to DNA is central to the tumor suppressor activity of p53. Genetic alteration of p53 resulting in loss-of-function is a common event in human cancer. To identify novel mechanisms in human breast cancer involving functional inactivation of wild-type p53 besides such direct genetic alteration, cellular factors that regulate the ability of p53 to bind to DNA were identified ... |
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| Malaria: Basic Biology and Options for Therapy and Prophylaxis |
SEP 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Bradley J. Berger; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELDRALSTON (ALBERTA)
|
 | Malaria remains one of the world's greatest health threats with 200 - 300 million infections and 2 - 3 million deaths per year. Increasingly, peace- keeping deployments occur in regions of the world with high incidence rates of malaria, and in areas where resistance to commonly used antimalarials is frequent. This review covers the basic biological properties of malaria parasites and provides information on the biochemistry and pharmacology of the ... |
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| Epitope Specific T Cell Immunity to Breast Cancer |
AUG 2000 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Constantin Ioannides; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Studies during the ongoing grant period demonstrated that: (1) the CTL epitope E75 is partial agonist for activation of CTL effector function. It frequently activates IFN-gamma secretion, but infrequently cytolysis. (2) Enhancement of E75 immunogenicity can be achieved by methylene (CH2)-extension at positions in the peptide determined by computer assisted modeling to point upwards and sideways (Alanine position 7). In addition enhanced survival and maintenance of cytolytic activity by E75 ... |
|
| Antitumor Activity Correlates With the Generation of Breast Tumor Specific Type 1 T Cells |
AUG 2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard Fox; PROVIDENCE PORTLAND MEDICAL CENTER OR
|
| When vaccination fails to protect the host from a subsequent challenge with a tumor, that tumor is generally characterized as nonimmunogenic. This designation suggests that the host has not recognized, or is tolerant of the tumor antigens. Our recent studies suggest that this is not true. We have demonstrated that progressively growing subcutaneous tumors sensitize tumor-specific T cells; however, the antigen-reactive T cells are polarized to secrete type 2 (T2) ... |
|
| Expression of Brucella Antigens in Vaccinia Virus to Prevent Brucellosisin Humans: Protection Studies in Mice |
AUG 2000 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Gerhardt G. Schurig; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
|
| Previous and present work indicates that WRvaccinia/Brucella antigen recombinants are not conferring protective immunity. Based on our present studies and the finding that Brucella Cu/ZN SOD and L7/Ll2 proteins are protective antigens and that the presence of IL-12 is necessary at the moment of immunization, we conclude that one systemic vaccination with rvaccinia expressing 1 or 2 protective Brucella antigens with or without simultaneous production ... |
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| Epitope Discovery: A New Route to Vaccines |
31 JUL 2000 |
|
| Authors:
George P. Smith; MISSOURI UNIV-COLUMBIA OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS ADMINISTRATION
|
| Libraries of random peptides displayed on filamentous phage serve as rich sources of artificial epitopes that may someday be the basis of a new generation of synthetic vaccines. In order to identify peptides with potential protective value, antibodies from individuals who have been naturally or experimentally immunized against the actual pathogen are used to affinity-select binding peptides from the phage-display libraries. The selected peptides are used in turn to immunize ... |
|
| Statement of Robert J. Lieberman Assistant Inspector General Department of Defense Before the Senate Armed Services Committee on Defense Anthrax VaccineContracting |
12 JUL 2000 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
|
| In summary, we determined that applicable laws and regulations allowed the Department to provide extraordinary relief to BioPort Corporation during late FY 1999, but significant risks continued. Because there appears to be no alternative U.S. domestic source, at least in the near term, the DoD anthrax vaccination policy is viable only if BioPort can bring its production facility up to Food and Drug Administration standards ... |
|
| Neurophysiologic and Neuropathologic Effects in Monkeys of Low Level Exposures to Sarin, Pryidostigmine, Pesticides, and Botulinum Toxoid |
JUL 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Michael Podell; Zarife Sahenk; Robert Lordo; Pamela Kinney; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Of approximately 700,000 U.S. military personnel serving in the Persian Gulf region during Operations Desert Storm/Shield, about 30,000 have had a range of unexplained complaints including chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, loss of concentration, forgetfulness, headaches, and rashes.%'% In response to concerns about health effects resulting from service in the Persian Gulf area and to investigate the nature of illnesses reported by veterans, the ... |
|
| Immunotherapeutic Cell-Based Vaccine to Combat Metastatic Breast Cancer |
JUL 2000 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Beth Pulaski; S. O. Rosenbert; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE
|
| Because metastases spread to many different organs and few animal models accurately reflect the clinical progression of metastatic disease, it has been difficult to develop effective therapies to specifically target these lesions. We analyzed the poorly immunogenic mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma and demonstrated that it is an excellent model for human metastatic breast cancer. Primary 4T1 tumors displayed signs of edema, extension to the peritoneal lining, and ulcerations of the ... |
|
| Target Antigens for Breast Cancer Vaccines |
JUL 2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Ricardo Cibotti; VACCINEX L P ROCHESTER NY
|
| The prospects for development of well defined tumor vaccines has received great impetus from the demonstration that human melanoma express common antigens recognized by cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Although significant problems related to antigen delivery and immune stimulation remain to be resolved, the availability of molecularly defined breast tumor antigens would be a major step towards development of a vaccine for breast cancer. The most successful approaches to identify antigens ... |
|
| DNA Vaccination Against Metastatic Breast Cancer |
JUL 2000 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence B. Lachman; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND MATERIEL COMMAND FORT DETRICK MD
|
| HER2/neu over-expression is found in 30-40% of breast cancer biopsy and is indicative of metastasis and poor prognosis. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, once metastasis has occurred the possibility of a complete cure is unlikely. A vaccine targeting HER2/neu could have significant therapeutic and preventative application by controlling the growth and spread of highly aggressive HER2/neu+ cells. Gene vaccines, bacterial expression plasmids encoding ... |
|
| Prostate Tumor Antigen Discovery: Development of a Novel Genetic Approach |
JUL 2000 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Dean L. Mann; Robert Malone; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE
|
| Immunotherapy may provide an effective adjunct to current treatment modalities for prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, several fundamental immunologic questions need to be addressed. These include optimization of cellular immune responses to candidate tumor antigen and exploration of the extent to which HLA Class I and Class II diversity will restrict application of a candidate prostatic cancer vaccine. PSA was chosen as a candidate antigen for study and dendritic ... |
|
| Targeting Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
JUL 2000 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Dorothee Herlyn; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA WISTAR INST
|
| During this four-year funding period we have established a rat model of active specific immunotherapy against mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-RvIII) specifically expressed by breast carcinomas. The mutation is not expressed by normal breast tissues. The model system consists of rat mammary carcinomas expressing EGF-RvIII after cDNA transfer and EGF-RvIII vaccines, including recombinant EGF-RvIII protein, EGF-RvIII expressed in adenovirus vector and peptides mimicking EGF-RvIII. Expression of EGF-RvIII by the ... |
|
| Identification of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome l7p13.3: Assessment of their Roles in Breast and Ovarian Carcinogenesis |
JUL 2000 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew K. Godwin; FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| OVCA1, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, which maps to a region of frequent allelic loss in breast and ovarian cancer at 1 7p13.3. OVCA1 is mutated in some tumor cell lines, and its protein levels are decreased or lost in nearly 40% of breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Expression of low levels of exogenous OVCA1 results in dramatic growth suppression and decreased levels of cyclin Dl. ... |
|
| Army AL&T, May-June 2000 |
JUN 2000 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J. Hoeper; John G. Coburn; ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (ACQUISITION LOGISTICS AND TECHNOLOGY) FORT BELVOIR VA
|
| Partial ContentsThe U.S. Army Medical Researnh And Materiel Command, Using The Web' To Manage The Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Military Medical Research: Assistance Agreements And Acquisition Reform, Military Innovations In Biomedical Research Management, Maintaining The Health And Well-Being Of Senior Leaders In The Army Through Medical Research, Re-engineering Medical Assemblage Management, Adapting The DOD Acquisition Process To The Dynamic Environment ... |
|
| Antibody - Pretargeted Cytokine Therapy of Cancer |
MAY 2000 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Louis Weiner; FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| We hypothesize that the selective accumulation of systemically administered cytokines at tumor sites can alter tumor microenvironments to favor the induction of anti-tumor immune responses. We further hypothesize that this can be accomplished by pre-targeting tumors with antibody streptavidin immunoconjugates and then administering biotinylated cytokines. The purpose of this research program is to identify antibody-pretargeted cytokine therapy strategies that lead to tumor-selective cytokine accumulation, the ... |
|
| Epidemiologic Consultation No. 29-HE-5711-00 Investigation of an Acute Respiratory Disease Outbreak Due to Adenovirus Type 4 Among Recruits Fort Benning, Georgia |
MAY 2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
T. S. De Vernoy; R. L. Coldren; B. H. Feighner; N. N. Jordan; J. L. Sanchez; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE APG MD EPIDEMIOLOGYAND DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
|
| An epidemiological consultation (EPICON) was conducted to investigate an outbreak of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among U.S. Army Infantry trainees at Fort Benning, GA that resulted in the hospitalization of 194 recruits to Martin Army Community Hospital (MACH) between April 23 and May 6, 2000. This outbreak resulted in a ARD admission rate of 2.9% for the week ending April 29, 2000, a six-fold increase over baseline. The average length ... |
|
| The Effects of a Nutrient-Enriched Bar on Host Defense Mechanisms and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis a Vaccine During US Army Ranger Training |
17 APR 2000 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Wood; Jeffrey S. Kennedy; Ronald Shippee; Joanne Arsenault; ABBOTT LABS COLUMBUS OH ROSS PRODUCTS DIV
|
| This study was designed to assess the effects of a nutritionally enhanced food bar and intense, protracted stress as engendered by U.S. Army Ranger training on immune function as measured by immunogenicity to Hepatitis A vaccine, leukocyte phenotype, and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The stress of Ranger training caused a number of immunological changes from baseline, and the group consuming the bar fortified with antioxidants, ... |
|
| Contract Management DOD's Anthrax Vaccine Manufacturer Will Continue to Need Financial Assistance |
14 APR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| Last year, DOD provided BioPort extraordinary contractual relief so that the company would have sufficient operating capital to preclude disrupting, and possibly ending, the anthrax vaccine program. Among other things, DOD substantially increased the original contract price and provided an interest- free advance payment to BioPort of $18.7 million. In providing the relief, DOD assumed FDA would approve the company S vaccine production processes in its ... |
|
| Medical Readiness: DOD Continues to Face Challenges in Implementing Its Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program |
13 APR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Carol R. Schuster; GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| We are pleased to be here today to discuss our past work on the Department of Defense's (DOD) anthrax vaccine immunization program. As you know, DOD regards the biological agent anthrax, an infectious disease that is 99- percent lethal if inhaled by unprotected humans, as the single greatest biological weapon threat to U.S. military forces. DOD considers vaccination one of the measures critical to protecting U.S. ... |
|
| Synthesis of Clustered ST-Antigens for the Development of Novel Breast Cancer Vaccines |
APR 2000 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew W. Carson; Samuel J. Danishefsky; SLOAN-KETTERING INST FOR CANCER RESEARCH NEW YORK
|
| The development of efficient routes for the preparation of complex oligosacoharide or carbohydrate conjugates has been a goal in the Danishefsky group for some time. Synthetic investigations in this area can help to provide a detailed knowledge of the structural and chemical behavior of carbohydrates and their conjugates. Moreover, it has been known for some time now that specific types of glycolipids or glycoproteins, which are ... |
|
| Biodegradable Vaccine Microspheres for System and Mucosal Immunization Against Equine Encephalitis |
APR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Suzanne M. Michalek; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| The goals of the proposed studies are to show that pulse-release microsphere vaccines consisting of antigen and adjuvant is an effective and efficacious method for inducing protective immune responses, that the approach will require less antigen, fewer immunizations and convenient, safe methods for delivery, and that a single multivalent vaccine will be effective in inducing a protective response against the EE viruses. The specific aims ... |
|
| Tumor-Specific Immunotherapy of Mammary Cancer |
APR 2000 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE COUNTY BALTIMORE MD
|
| For many patients with mammary cancer the primary tumor can be successfully treated by surgical removal, however the long-term prognosis is not favorable because of the high frequency of metastatic disease, which is not treatable by current approaches. Our goal is to develop vaccination strategies to minimize metastatic disease. We postulate that an improvement in the generation of mammary carcinoma-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes will facilitate development of CD8+ T cell ... |
|
| Contracting for Anthrax Vaccine |
22 MAR 2000 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA
|
| This audit was requested by Congressman Walter B. Jones to review the financial and contractual relationship between the DoD and BioPort Corporation, the sole U.S. manufacturer of the anthrax vaccine. Specifically, Congressman Jones requested we review the renegotiation of the sole source Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed contract that increased financial assistance to BioPort Corporation. In 1970, the Food and Drug Administration granted the only Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed license ... |
|
| Global Health Summary of Conference on Immunization in Developing Countries |
MAR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Lynne Holloway; Ann Baker; Terri White; Thomas Laetz; Douglas Manor; GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| While international initiatives have increased the percentage of children immunized against six serious diseases' to a global average of 80 percent, many countries have immunization rates far below the global average. In addition, many have not expanded their immunization programs to include newer vaccines that the World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends for use in developing countries. These shortfalls have severe consequences-WHO estimates that at ... |
|
| The Effects of a Nutrient-Enriched Bar on Host Defense Mechanisms and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccine During US Army Ranger Training |
FEB 2000 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M. Wood; Jeffrey S. Kennedy; Ronald Shippee; Joanne Arsenault; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| This study was designed to assess the effects of a nutritionally- enhanced food bar and intense, protracted stress as engendered by US Army Ranger training on immune function as measured by immunogenicity to Hepatitis A vaccine, leukocyte phenotype, and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The stress of Ranger training caused a number of immunological changes from baseline, and the group consuming the bar fortified with antioxidants, ... |
|
| Malarial Ecology, Transmission, Immunology, Parasitology and Prophylaxisin Kenya |
JAN 2000 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Davy K. Koech; KENYA MEDICAL RESEARCH INST NAIROBI
|
| Western Kenya is endemic for some of the highest transmission rates of Plasmodium falciparum in the world. It therefore offers the most rigorous test of the efficacy of candidate vaccines. The planned field evaluation of the recombinant vaccine RTS,S-TRAP was not done because of equivocal Phase I results in American volunteers. The field population was maintained and a site for a new field clinic was obtained from ... |
|
| Effect of Increasing Toxin Levels on Guineau Pigs Passively Immunized With Human Botulinum Immune Globulin |
JAN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Pentavalent Botulinum Toxoid (PBT) vaccine is intended for use as a medical countermeasure for combat troops with the potential for exposure to botulinum toxins on the battlefield. As efficacy for this vaccine cannot be directly demonstrated in traditional clinical trials, the measurement of neutralizing antibodies has been proposed as a serological correlate for protection. Task 97-52 is designed to establish the level of protection afforded ... |
|
| Preparation of a Burkholderia Mallei Vaccine |
JAN 2000 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Donald E. Woods; CANADIAN COMMERCIAL CORP OTTAWA (ONTARIO)
|
| Burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders which is primarily a disease of the horse, mule or donkey, although goats, sheep, cats and dogs sometimes naturally contract the disease. The mode of infection in animals remains controversial; considerations include inhalation, ingestion or inoculation through breaks in the skin. Glanders in humans has never been common, but it gains tremendous importance from the serious nature of the infection. Our knowledge ... |
|
| Malaria Genome Sequencing Project |
JAN 2000 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Malcolm J. Gardner; INSTITUTE FOR GENOMIC RESEARCH ROCKVILLE MD
|
| The objectives of this 5-year Cooperative Agreement between TIGR and the Malaria Program, NMRC, were to: Specific Aim 1, sequence 3.5 Mb of P. falciparum genomic DNA; Specific Aim 2, annotate the sequence; Specific Aim 3, release the information to the scientific community. To date, we have published the first complete sequence of a malarial chromosome (chromosome 2 4 ), completed the random phase sequencing ... |
|
| Gulf War and Health Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Sarin, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Vaccines |
2000 |
|
| Authors:
Caroyln E. Fulco; Catharyn T. Liverman; Harold C. Sox; INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE WASHINGTON DC
|
| On August 2, 1990, Iraqi armed forces invaded Kuwait; within 5 days the United States began to deploy troops to Operation Desert Shield. Intense air attacks against the Iraqi armed forces began on January 16, 1991, and opened a phase of the conflict known as Operation Desert Storm. Oil-well fires became visible by satellite images as early as February 9, 1991; the ground war began OR ... |
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| Monitoring Anthrax Vaccine Safety in US Military Service Members on Active Duty: Surveillance of Hospitalizations in Temporal Association with Immunization 1998 |
2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Sato; Robert J. Reed; Tyler C. Smith; Linda Wang; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| We studied military medical hospitalizations for possible temporal associations with anthrax immunization in U.S. military personnel on active duty in 1998. Anthrax immunization, demographic, and hospitalization data were linked and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling for hospitalization within 42 days of an anthrax vaccine dose. Discharge diagnoses were aggregated into 14 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic categories. Approximately 11% of active-duty personnel received one ... |
|
| The Anthrax Terror. DOD's Number-One Biological Threat |
2000 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jim Davis; Anna Johnson-Winegar; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| TODAY THE US military faces a variety of threats around the world, ranging from nuclear ballistic missiles to information warfare. The ability to conduct biological warfare (BW) to employ biological agents like anthrax as weapons lies within our adversaries threat arsenals. This increasingly discussed threat is not as readily appreciated and understood as kinetic-energy threats but presents no less and perhaps an even more daunting challenge to the Department of ... |
|
| Global Health: Factors Contributing to Low Vaccination Rates in Developing Countries |
OCT 1999 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| In anticipation of the United States being asked to fund and provide other support for the renewed international effort to promote childhood immunization, you asked us to examine some of the key issues involving vaccine availability. As agreed with your offices, this report provides information and analyses on (1) the locations where shortfalls in immunization coverage are most prevalent and (2) the factors that impede vaccine availability in these locations. ... |
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| MEDICAL READINESS: DoD Faces Challenges in Implementing Its Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program |
OCT 1999 |
|
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV
|
| The Department of Defense (DOD) regards the biological agent anthrax, an infectious disease that is 99-percent lethal if inhaled by unprotected humans, as the single greatest biological weapon threat to U.S. military forces. To counter this threat, the Secretary of Defense announced in December 1997 a plan to immunize all active and reserve military personnel with a licensed anthrax vaccine. The Secretary stipulated that immunizations would not begin until DOD ... |
|
| Clinical Trials With a Polyvalent Breast Cancer Vaccine |
OCT 1999 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Philip Livingston; SLOAN-KETTERING INST FOR CANCER RESEARCH NEW YORK
|
| Preclinical studies with passively administered monoclonal antibodies or vaccine induced antibodies against glycolipid and mucin antigens have protected mice from tumor recurrence, even when treatment was initiated after tumor challenge. This timing is comparable to the adjuvant setting in the clinic. The glycolipid LeY and mucin MUC1 are expressed at the cell surface of most breast cancer cells in over 80% of breast cancer biopsy specimens. The optimal approach for ... |
|
| Gene Painting as a Simple Method of Vaccinating Animals Against Breast Cancer Micro-Metastases |
OCT 1999 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
De-chu Tang; ALABAMA UNIV UNIVERSITY
|
| We are developing a simple and effective method for the delivery of cancer vaccines by noninvasive vaccination onto the skin (NIVS) using a patch. The hypothesis is that a noninvasive vaccine patch can elicit specific immune responses to tumor-associated antigens with resultant eradication of limited numbers of tumor cells in animals with low tumor burden breast cancer. In these studies, we have elicited anti-CEA antibodies by topical application of an ... |
|
| A Novel DNA-Based Vaccine Methodology for AIDS |
OCT 1999 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Dexiang Chen; POWDERJECT VACCINES INC MADISON WI
|
| A novel DNA-based vaccine strategy, employing a particle delivery device to administer gold beads directly into the cells of the epidermis was tested for the ability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to the AIDS virus and to generate preclinical data for future human clinical trials. SIV DNA vaccine induction of CTL correlated with significant virus load reduction of up to 10,000-fold when compared to control monkeys following challenge ... |
|
| Identification of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer by Insertional; Mutagenesis and Functional Inactivation (96 Breast) |
SEP 1999 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Yan A. Su; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
|
| The development and progression of cancer result from multiple genetic changes accumulated in the cells. The identification of tumor suppressor genes inactivated and proto-oncogenes activated in mammary epithelial cells is essential to understand the genetic basis of breast cancer and is a prerequisite for development of strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In breast cancer, loss of heterozygosity (LOR) was detected frequently on chromosome 17 and ... |
|
| Gene Therapy Mediated Breast Cancer Immunity |
SEP 1999 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Heike K. Nesbit; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| The goat of the study was to assess the efficiency of B7-1 expressing breast cancer cells as a tumor vaccine. We showed that adenovirally delivered B7-1 expression on mammary carcinoma cells did not result in tumor relection in vivo and failed to activate allogeneic T cells in vitro. We prnvided evidence that the lack of T cell stimulation by B7-1 expressing breast cancer cells was due ... |
|
| Immunotheraphy of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Normal Prostate Tissue Antigens |
SEP 1999 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Eli Gilboa; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The focus of this grant is to develop a vaccination strategy for patients with metastatic prostate cancer using DC- based vaccines loaded with normal prostate tissue-derived antigens. The key advantage of using normal prostate antigens, as opposed to using tumor-specific antigens, is that it will provide a universal and unlimited source of antigens for vaccination, and in combination with dendritic cells offers a powerful vaccination strategy that will be readily ... |
|
| Role of CD44 in Tumor Progression |
SEP 1999 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Underhill; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| This project is concerned with the role of hyaluronan (HA) in tumor progression. Initially, we postulated that CD44 and HA played a role in angiogenesis. However, our studies suggested that this hypothesis was probably not correct. Subsequently, we attempted to target tumor-associated HA with an HA-binding complex (HAbc) that we isolated from cartilage by affinity chromatography. We found that the HAbc was able to ... |
|
| Engineering Bispecific Antibodies That Target ERBB-2 on Breast Cancer Cells |
SEP 1999 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Krantz; ILLINOIS UNIV CHAMPAIGN
|
| The ultimate goal of this project is to develop immunotherapeutic agents that target a patient's own T cells against their cancer. The project took two directions to accomplish this goal: the development of novel single- chain bispecific antibodies and new animal models that more closely resemble human cancers. Although the project has seen some changes in the original plans (such as the focus on a ... |
|
| Bin1, Apoptosis, and Prostate Cancer |
AUG 1999 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Frank J. Rauscher; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA WISTAR INST
|
| The genetic causes of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. One of the most common chromosomal abnormalities seen in tumors which have acquired invasive and metastatic potential is gain of chromosome 8q, where c-Myc is located (Bova and Isaacs 1996). Gains of 8q of are well-correlated with disease progression insofar as they are found in 85% of lymph node metastases and 89% of recurrent hormone refractive tumors (Cher et at. 1996; ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
VACCINES
