| Cloud/Mesoscale Model Development and Application Studies |
30 SEP 87 |
|
| Authors:
William R. Cotton; Gregory J. Tripoli; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
|
 | Contents: Model and Observational Studies Related to Defining Potential Aircraft Icing Conditions; A 1D Version of the Turbulence Closure Model and Development of a Cirrus Cloud Model; Forecasting and Diagnosis of Extreme Wind Shears and Turbulence; Regional Atmospheric Modeling System; Summary of (RAMS) Development. (fr) |
|
| Ice Particle Charge Transfer Studies |
30 SEP 87 |
|
| Authors:
C. P. Saunders; UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER INST OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ENGLAND) DEPT OF PHY SICS
|
| Electric charge transfer between ice crystals and an ice target has been measured under a range of environmental conditions in which simulate the environment of a thunderstorm. The charge transfer is very dependent on ice crystal size and cold chamber which permits long growth times has been used to determine charge/size relationships for crystal sizes up to 800 micrometers. Also, a new hot-wire device has been developed to measure liquid ... |
|
| Predictability of Ice Concentration in the High-Latitude North Atlantic from Statistical Analysis of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) and Ice Concentration Data |
SEP 87 |
|
| Authors:
Gordon H. Fleming; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A statistical analysis of 27 years of monthly averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and ice concentration data was conducted for 17 locations along the annual mean position of the marginal ice zone spanning the North Atlantic. Anomalies (differences from monthly means) of both variables were observed to have spatial scales of 100s to 1000s of kms, temporal scales of 6 months to several years, and a strong regional dependence. Sea ... |
|
| JUH-1H Redesigned Pneumatic Boot Deicing System Flight Test Evaluation |
AUG 87 |
|
| Authors:
Matthew S. Graham; Loran A. Haworth; Jack L. Kimberly; ARMY AVIATION ENGINEERING FLIGHT ACTIVITY EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity conducted an evaluation of the Pneumatic Boot Deicing System (PBDS) with two pneumatic deicer boot designs, referred to as second and third generation. The objective of the test was to conduct feasibility testing of the pneumatic system concept for deicing helicopter rotor blades in forward flight, and to assess any changes to aircraft performance and handling qualities. Phase I consisted of a ground ... |
|
| Physical and Structural Characteristics of Weddell Sea Pack Ice |
AUG 87 |
|
| Authors:
Anthony J. Gow; Stephen F. Ackley; Kurt R. Buck; Kenneth M. Golden; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| During February and March 1980 the physical properties of Weddell Sea pack ice were investigated via core drilling of 66 floes located along the transect of 600 nautical miles from 64 deg S to 74 deg S latitude at roughly 40 deg W longitude. These studies revealed widespread frazil ice in amounts not known to exist in Arctic sea ice of comparable age and thickness. It is estimated from structure ... |
|
| Technical Papers Presented at the Defense Nuclear Agency Global Effects Review Held in Santa Barbara, California on 7-9 April 1987. Volume 2 |
19 MAY 87 |
386 pages |
| Authors:
DOD NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS CENTER SANTA BARBARA CA
|
 | Studies have confirmed the possibility of significant temperature decreases and other severe environmental perturbations following a nuclear war, with potentially critical implications for human survival. Nevertheless, important uncertainties remain to be resolved. Fuel Inventories; Fuel Impaction; The quantities of fuels affected by nuclear explosions are sensitive to the scenario adopted. Smoke Emission Factor: Burning petroleum, plastics and related materials can emit 5% or more of their mass as soot; recent ... |
|
| Labrador Wind and Wave Environments |
MAY 87 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Wah T. Lee; DAVID W TAYLOR NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER BETHESDA MD SHIP PERFORMANCE DEPT
|
| The Labrador Extreme Waves Experiment (LEWEX) is designed to evaluate the in situ and remote sensors of the sea surface. This report is a source document for specifying climatological wind and wave data for the Labrador Sea. This report also provides atmospheric qualities such as temperature and sea ice which are known to affect the operation of certain ship systems as well as tactical decision making. Keywords: Ocean waves; Marine ... |
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| Determination of the Local Heat Transfer Characteristics on Glaze Ice Accretions on a Cylinder and a NACA 0012 Airfoil |
APR 87 |
|
| Authors:
M. R. Pais; S. N. Singh; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| In recent years, the problem of ice formation on aircraft has received considerable attention because of its influence on military aircraft capabilities. Military aircraft and helicopters may be required to operate under icing conditions which would effect their performance, maneuverability and impair the mechanical integrity of unprotected engines. Ice formation poses a hazard to flight in that it alters the aerodynamic characteristics of lifting surfaces, reducing the maximum lift and ... |
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| An Evaluation of the Polar Ice Prediction System |
FEB 87 |
|
| Authors:
W. B. Tucker III; W. D. Hibler III; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Polar Ice Prediction System (PIP) is a numerical ice forecasting system that has been implemented at the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center (FNOC). The PIPS model is run as a 24-hr timestep out to 144 hours (6 days) on a 47 x 25 grid at a resolution of 127 Km. This grid covers the entire Arctic basin as well as the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Graphic forecast products ... |
|
| Weather, Water Levels and Flows, and Ice Conditions of the St. Marys River System for Extended Season Navigation |
JAN 87 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
GLOBETROTTERS ENGINEERING CORP CHICAGO IL
|
| The purpose of this study was to collect, identify, compile, and present the existing information on weather; water levels and discharge; and ice formation, coverage and thickness for the St. Marys River System connecting Lakes Superior and Huron. This includes the construction of wind roses for the winter periods (January to April) from 1969 to 1986, a river discharge chart, a water level chart and annual ice chart summaries (covering ... |
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| Sources of Coastal Engineering Information |
JAN 87 |
|
| Authors:
Yen-Hsi Chu; Robert B. Lund; Fred E. Camfield; COASTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Contents: Meteorology and Climatology; Water Levels; Waves and Currents; Ice Information; Beach Erosion and Littoral Transport; Topography, Hydrography, and Bathymetry; Geology and Geomorphology; Earthquake Information and Tsunamis; List of Offices of the US Army Corps of Engineers; US Government Printing Office and its Bookstores; Sources of Information, US Geological Survey; List of State Conservationists, Soil Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture; US Coast Guard Districts and Addresses; List of Contracts ... |
|
| Eastern - Western Arctic Sea Ice Analysis 1987 |
87 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL POLAR OCEANOGRAPHY CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| These are approximately 7-days analysis of sea ice prepared by the Naval Polar Oceanography Center, Suitland, MD. Included are ice concentration and ice thickness (age). Keywords: Area coverage; Sea ice; Polar ice fields; Satellite imagery; Stage of development; Fast ice; Concentration of thickness; Theoretical thickness; Arctic regions. |
|
| Shale JP-4 Additive Evaluation |
OCT 86 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa A. Boos; Timothy L. Dues; AIR FORCE WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL LABS WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| A shale JP-4 jet fuel was obtained from the Caribou Refinery of Woods Cross UT as the test fuel. Combinations of additives in varying concentrations were blended to make the test samples. The thermal and storage stability, lubricity, conductivity and water separation characteristics of the samples were studied over 15 months. The additives chosen were nine antioxidants, at the minimum and two times the maximum concentration, and four corrosion inhibitors, ... |
|
| Laboratory Investigation of Lightweight Heater Tape for Shuttle Propellant Tank |
30 SEP 86 |
|
| Authors:
Donald J. Spencer; Jerry F. Bott; James S. Whittier; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA AEROPHYSICS LAB
|
| Experimental measurements under simulated typical operating conditions have established that the addition of surface (or near-surface) lightweight mylar electrical heater tape to external tank (ET) sprayed-on-foam- insulation (SOFI) panels results in an efficient approximately 67 F (approx. 36 C) surface temperature rise for a 10-W/sq ft applied power per unit area of SOFI surface. Consideration was given to the application of the lightweight mylar heater tape used in these measurements ... |
|
| Rotorcraft Icing - Progress and Potential |
SEP 86 |
|
| Authors:
ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| Helicopter icing remains a significant operational consideration for military helicopters operating throughout Europe and Northern parts of North America. Following the finding of AGARD Advisory Report No.166 'Rotorcraft Icing-Status and Prospects' (August 1981), further collaboration was considered beneficial to address the following objectives: 1) to proceed with the recommendations of the original group on rotorcrafting; 2) to examine rotorcraft icing analysis and modeling; 3) to consider new methods of ice ... |
|
| Summary of Artificial and Natural Icing Tests Conducted on U.S. Army Aircraft from 1974 to 1985 |
JUL 86 |
223 pages |
| Authors:
Harry W. Chambers; John Y. Adams; ARMY AVIATION SYSTEMS COMMAND ST LOUIS MO
|
| The U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command (USAAVSCOM) conducts airworthiness qualification testing on aircraft under artificial and natural icing conditions. A JCH-47C helicopter with Helicopter Icing Spray System (HISS) installed is used for generating a simulated natural icing environment. The artificial icing tests are followed by natural icing tests to assure a wide variety of flight conditions are tested and to verify artificial icing test results. The JCH-47C/HISS has been used ... |
|
| A Theoretical Framework for Examining Geographical Variability in the Microphysical Mechanisms of Precipitation Development |
JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
David B. Johnson; ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY DIV URBANA
|
| The overall goal of this study was to identify and evaluate the environmental or microphysical parameters that control the efficiency of the various mechanisms of precipitation development. Such evaluations can then be used as the basis for studying, or even predicting the effect of geographical or climatological differences between regions on the microphysical mechanisms of precipitation development. This study included work on warm rain initiation and development, ice multiplication, snowflake ... |
|
| Analysis and Verification of the Icing Scaling Equations. Volume 1. Revision |
MAR 86 |
|
| Authors:
Gary A. Ruff; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN
|
| Study objectives were to evaluate the equations governing the ice- accretion process to identify proposed scaling parameters and to conduct tests to determine which, is any, of the proposed methods produced scale ice accretions. Study results include: (1) A set of equations that can be used to calculate test conditions so that scaled ice shapes are produced on geometrically similar bodies was developed and experimentally verified. (2) Posttest evaluation of ... |
|
| Spray Nozzle Calibrations. |
JAN 1986 |
|
| Authors:
Jay D. Hunt; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN
|
| Spray nozzle calibration techniques were evaluated. Ten spray nozzles to be utilized for producing simulated icing clouds were calibrated to determine the ranges of mass median droplet diameter and water flow rate. The number and types of spray nozzles calibrated were: (1) two internal mixing, (2) five external mixing, and (3) three sonic mixing nozzles. The calibration results are presented. A comparison was made of the calibration from NASA Lewis ... |
|
| Objective Analysis and Prediction Techniques - 1985 |
30 NOV 85 |
|
| Authors:
Alan M. Gerlach; SASC TECHNOLOGIES INC LANHAM MD
|
| This report summarizes weather research in several technical areas; in numerical weather prediction, use of supplemental moisture information in global optimum interpolation analysis of humidity, development of a relocatable limited area model; in mesoscale forecasting, FOUS guidance error study, forecast guidance displays; in boundary layer meteorology, specialized computer programs for studies of atmospheric refractive index, windflow model, troposcatter raytrace models; in radar meteorology, detection of synoptic scale wind anomalies, gust ... |
|
| Analysis and Verification of the Icing Scaling Equations. Volume 1 |
NOV 85 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Gary A. Ruff; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN
|
| The formation of ice on aircraft surfaces occurs during flight through supercooled droplets. Ice accretions on these surfaces usually degrade both aircraft performance and operational safety. For this reason, it has become important in the design and certification phases of system development to evaluate system performance degradation because of icing. A research program was conducted to evaluate the icing scaling requirements. The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate ... |
|
| An Introduction to Ice in the Polar Oceans |
SEP 85 |
|
| Authors:
Gary A. Maykut; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| This report provides a general review of the formation, growth, distribution, properties, and behavior of sea ice in the polar oceans. Aspects of sea ice that are discussed include its extent, formation, growth, heat balance, mass balance, mechanical properties, morphology, optical properties, salinity, structure, thermal properties, and thickness distribution. |
|
| Evaluation of Capillary Reinforced Composites |
SEP 85 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel W. Ciardullo; Lewis J. Stoffer; GENERAL ELECTRIC CO CINCINNATI OH AIRCRAFT ENGINE BUSINESS GROUP
|
| Anti-icing of the inlet of jet engines is generally performed with high pressure heated air that is directed forward from the compressor through a series of pipes to various manifolds located near the structures to be anti- iced. From these manifolds, the air is directed to all flowpath surfaces that may be susceptible to ice formation. There the anti-icing function may be performed by either heat conduction or film heating. ... |
|
| Eastern--Western Arctic Sea Ice Analysis--1984 |
SEP 85 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL POLAR OCEANOGRAPHY CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| These are approximately 7-days analysis of sea ice prepared by the Naval Polar Oceanography Center, Suitland, MD. Included are ice concentration and ice thickness (age). Originator-supplied Keywords: Sea ice, Polar ice fields, Satellite imagery, Concentration, Stage of development, Fast ice, Concentration of thickness, Theoretical thickness, Arctic regions. |
|
| Construction and Calibration of the Ottauquechee River Model |
AUG 85 |
|
| Authors:
G. Gooch; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| A model of a 1.5-mile section of the Ottauquechee River in Quechee, Vermont, was built in the Ice Engineering Facility at CRREL to study the complex processes of ice formation, progression and break-up and ice jam flooding. The model scale was 1:50 horizontal and 1:20 vertical. This report outlines the methods and materials used for construction and calibration. Also mentioned in this report are some of the problems encountered while ... |
|
| Proceedings of U.S. Navy Symposium on Arctic/Cold Weather Operations of Surface Ships (1985) Held on 3-4 December 1985 |
85 |
497 pages |
| Authors:
DEPUTY CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (SURFACE WARFARE) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Presented Papers: Overview of the Cold Weather Program; Arctic Environment; Seaway Performance Improvement Program; Four Recent Encounters with Topside Icing; Operational Experience - SHAREM 55 and 62; High Latitude Operations - A View from the Bridge; Preparation for Ship Helo Operations in the Polar/Sub-Polar Regions; Considerations for Propellers and Propulsion Plants Operating in Northern Latitudes; Status of Cold Weather Operations of Combat Systems; LAMPS MK III Environmental Capabilities; Engineering Programs ... |
|
| Polyethylene Glycol as an Ice Control Coating |
DEC 84 |
|
| Authors:
K. Itagaki; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a sacrificial ice control coating are discussed. PEG is effective longer than many single component coatings, and it has low toxicity and a high flash point. The results of preliminary experiments on PEG's ability to control snow accumulation on a panel and ice accumulation on a cryogenic tank are also discussed. Originator furnished keywords include: Cold regions, Ice control, Ice prevention, Polyethylene glycol, ... |
|
| Objective Analysis and Prediction Techniques - 1984 |
30 NOV 84 |
|
| Authors:
A. M. Gerlach; SYSTEMS AND APPLIED SCIENCES CORP VIENNA VA
|
| This report summarizes weather research in several technical areas: in numerical weather prediction, development and joint test of two objective analysis methods (optimum interpolation and fitting procedure) for AFGL global spectral models, improved specification of moisture initial conditions, study of relocatable limited area models; in mesoscale forecasting, error analysis of LFM-II forecasts during winter seasons; in boundary layer meteorology specialized computer programs for studies of tropospheric scatter propagation, atmospheric chemical ... |
|
| Heliport Snow and Ice Control Methods and Guidelines |
AUG 1984 |
|
| Authors:
J. B. McKinley; R. B. Newman; SYSTEMS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY INC WEST PALM BEACH FL
|
| Guidelines for snow and ice control on heliports are presented for the purpose of both enhancing the operational utility of heliports, and employing the unique capabilities of the rotorcraft to the maximum extent. These guidelines consider manual methods of snow and ice control such as plowing and chemical application, and automated methods through pavement heating systems. Cost and design considerations are provided for each system. Benefit/cost decision guidelines are provided ... |
|
| Modeling Two-Dimensional Freezing Using Transfinite Mappings and a Moving-Mesh Finite Element Technique |
MAY 1984 |
|
| Authors:
M. R. Albert; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Freezing phase change problems in conduction heat transfer represent a set of moving boundary problems for which much interest currently exists. In the work presented here, two-dimensional freezing is modeled by incorporating the use of transfinite mappings with a moving-mesh finite element technique. The use of transfinite mapping in a governing interior mesh motion is shown to provide very acceptable results and is demonstrated to be the most efficient general ... |
|
| Atmospheric Icing on Sea Structures |
APR 1984 |
|
| Authors:
L. Makkonen; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Atmospheric icing (icing due to fog, precipitation and water vapor in air) as a physical process and the problems it causes for ships and stationary offshore structures are reviewed. Estimation of the probability and severity of atmospheric icing based on climatological and geographical factors is discussed, and theoretical methods for calculating the intensity of atmospheric icing at sea are suggested. Existing data on the dependence of the atmospheric icing rate ... |
|
| Tioga-Hammond Lakes: Under Ice Hydrodynamics Influence on Water Quality Control, |
FEB 1984 |
|
| Authors:
F. B. Juhle; CORPS OF ENGINEERS BALTIMORE MD BALTIMORE DISTRICT
|
| In response to a request from Baltimore District, five members of the Committee on Water-Quality met with NAB personnel on 14-15 June 1983 to assist the District in evaluation of water quality problems at the Tioga - Hammond Lakes project. The Tioga - Hammond Lakes project is located in northeastern Pennsylvania. The project consists of two lakes, Tioga Lake on the Tioga River and Hammond Lake on Crooked Creek, which ... |
|
| Model Cloud Relationships |
30 OCT 1983 |
|
| Authors:
W. R. Cotton; E. E. Hindman; G. Tripoli; R. L. McAnelly; C. Chen; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
|
| Contents: Radar Reflectivity Studies; Three-Dimensional Cloud/ Mesoscale Model Investigations of Potential Aircraft Icing Regions; Inclusion of Ice Processes in the One-Dimensional Cloud/Turbulence Model. |
|
| Mechanical Ice Release Processes. I. Self-Shedding from High-Speed Rotors |
OCT 1983 |
|
| Authors:
K. Itagaki; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Ice accreted on high-speed rotors operating in supercooled fog can be thrown off by centrifugal force, creating severe unbalance and dangerous projectiles. A simple force balance analysis indicates that the strength of accreted ice and its adhesive strength can be obtained by measuring the thickness of the accretion, the location of the separation, the rotor speed, and the density. Such an analysis was applied to field and laboratory observations of ... |
|
| Study of Aerospace Materials, Coatings, Adhesions and Processes. Aircraft Icing Processes |
14 SEP 1983 |
|
| Authors:
E. M. Rodriguez; INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNICA AEROESPACIAL MADRID (SPAIN)
|
| INTA has been provided with a versatil and powerful FORTRAN Program that permits a full analysis of the trajectories described by the droplets of a cloud with respect to an infinitely long cylinder moving inside it normally to its longitudinal axis. (Author) |
|
| Aerostat Icing Problems |
AUG 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Ben Hanamoto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| This report describes laboratory tests to determine the effectiveness of a copolymer coating on a balloon to minimize ice build-up problems when operating in sleet, freezing rain or other ice-forming conditions. Methods for deicing the surface after an ice cover form are also described. A small-scale balloon was used for the laboratory tests. A full-scale prototype was also partially coated with the copolymer to test its effectiveness as an icing ... |
|
| Current Procedures for Forecasting Aviation Icing, A Review |
AUG 1983 |
|
| Authors:
W. B. Tucker III; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The responsibilities for aircraft icing forecasts in the U.S. lie with the National Weather Service (NWS) for civilian operations and the U.S. Air Force Air Weather Service (AWS) and Naval Weather Service for military operations. Forecasting technology is based upon empirical rules and techniques that were developed in the 1950s. The AWS is the only forecasting agency which issues explicit numerical icing products to aid the forecaster. These products are ... |
|
| A New Characterization of Supercooled Clouds below 10,000 Feet AGL (above Ground Level) |
JUN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Charles O. Masters; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION TECHNICAL CENTER ATLANTIC CITY NJ
|
| Icing envelopes which effectively characterize supercooled clouds from ground level to 10,000 feet above ground level over the conterminous United States have been generated from a new data base of aerial observations. This data base, recently established via an Interagency Agreement between the FAA and the Naval Research Laboratory is the largest, most significant compilation of low-altitude supercooled characteristics currently in existence. It is intended that this new characterization serve ... |
|
| How Effective are Icephobic Coatings? |
JUN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
L. David Minsk; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Much effort over many years has gone into the search for an effective, durable, easily applied and inexpensive material to eliminate the force of adhesion between ice and a substrate. The objective of zero ice adhesion on an unheated surface which would either prevent the formation of ice or ensure self-shedding of very thin accretions has not yet been achieved. Many commercially-available coatings do succeed in reducing the force of ... |
|
| Ice-Phobic Coatings Applied to Saline-Ice-Covered Whip-Type Antennas, |
JUN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Eric A. Thowless; NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Three types of silicone products were selected for testing as 'ice-phobic' coatings on antennas because of the very low adhesion forces previously measured by planar shear tests conducted at CRREL. These wipe-on coatings were not helpful in either decreasing the rate of ice accretion of facilitating the removal of ice from saline-ice-coated whip-type radio antennas. (Author) |
|
| Determining Atmospheric Parameters during Ice Accretion from the Microstructure of Natural Ice Samples, |
JUN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Jean-Louis Laforte; C. Luan Phan; Du D. Nguyen; Beatrice Felin; QUEBEC UNIV CHICOUTIMI
|
| Based on earlier laboratory experiments which correlated the micro-structure of ice samples formed under dry and wet growth conditions to the four parameters listed above, several natural ice samples were collected on transmission lines after storms and were analyzed to determine atmospheric conditions prevailing during the storms. The temperature is determined from microstructure analysis. When it is possible to get some information about the duration of storm, fairly good estimates ... |
|
| Laboratory Study of Space Shuttle Propellant Tank Icing |
17 MAY 1983 |
|
| Authors:
J. F. Bott; D. H. Ross; D. J. Spencer; J. S. Whittier; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA AEROPHYSICS LAB
|
| Small-scale experiments have been performed with SOFI (sprayed-on- foam-insulation) panels shaved to 0.5- and 0.9-in. thicknesses. The rear sides of the SOFI panels were cooled to LN2 temperatures; the front sides were exposed to an environmental chamber with controlled temperature and humidity. The measured rates of frost formation and the observed surface temperatures are consistent with predictions obtained with a simple heat balance model. The measured frost densities, on the ... |
|
| Open Water and Thin Ice Detection in the Arctic Marginal Ice Zone Using Reflectometer Signal Analysis |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
C. J. Radl; J. P. Welsh; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY NSTL STATION MS
|
| Approximately 2000 kilometers (approx. 1250 statute miles) of reflectometer data collected within 160 kilometers (100 statute miles) of the ice edge in the North American Arctic were analyzed. The reflectometer signal, which shows a sharp decrease in areas of open water/thin ice, was used to initiate and develop a method to begin an evaluation of the frequency of occurrence and percentage of open water from the ice edge to approximately ... |
|
| Properties of Urea-Doped Ice in the CRREL Test Basin |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Ken-ichi Hirayama; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| In the course of model tests with urea-doped ice in the CRREL Ice Engineering Facility test basin, the growth process and the physical and mechanical properties of the model ice were investigated. The parameters which were varied were: urea concentration in the tank water, air temperature during growth, growth duration, and tempering time. Uniformity of ice thickness and ice mechanical properties over the whole tank area were found to be ... |
|
| Ice Growth on Post Pond, 1973-1982 |
FEB 1983 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony J. Gow; John W. Govoni; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Measurements and analysis of seasonal ice growth and decay on Post Pond, New Hampshire, for the period 1973-1982 are presented. Observations included ice thickness measurements, examination of the various ice types contributing to the ice cover, and measurements of meteorological parameters for correlation with and modeling of the ice growth process. The overall nature of ice growth and decay (ice loss) on the Post Pond has been ascertained, the seasonal ... |
|
| Using the DWOPER Routing Model to Simulate River Flows with Ice |
JAN 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Steven F. Daly; George D. Ashton; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The flow routing model of the National Weather Service entitled DWOPER (Dynamic Wave Operational Forecast Program) is examined with regard to the modifications required to include the effect of river ice on the flow variables of water level and discharge. Difficulties in modeling the ice effects are described. Example model output is presented showing the transient effects introduced by imposition or removal of the ice cover from an otherwise uncovered ... |
|
| Water Temperature Measurements in Turbulent Streams during Periods of Frazil-Ice Formation |
1983 |
|
| Authors:
T. E. Osterkamp; R. E. Gilfilian; J. P. Gosink; C. S. Benson; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS GEOPHYSICAL INST
|
|
| Measurements and Analyses of Velocity Profiles and Frazil Ice-Crystal Rise Velocities during Periods of Frazil-Ice Formation in Rivers |
1983 |
|
| Authors:
J. P. Gosink; T. E. Osterkamp; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS GEOPHYSICAL INST
|
|
| USSR Report, Military Affairs, Number 1728 |
16 DEC 82 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA
|
| This report contains articles on Military Affairs from the USSR. |
|
| Reservoir Bank Erosion Caused and Influenced by Ice Cover |
DEC 1982 |
|
| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of reservoir bank erosion caused by an ice cover. The evaluation is based on a literature review and on inferences made from field observations and experience. Very little is known about the amount of reservoir band erosion caused by the actions of an ice cover, although considerable information is available on the processess of ice-related erosion along the shorelines or ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
ICE FORMATION
