| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
04 APR 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used mainly by the Department of Defense (DOD) and related industries, perchlorate occurs naturally and is present in some organic fertilizer. This soluble, persistent compound has been detected in sources of drinking water for more than 11 million people. It also has been found in milk, fruits, and vegetables. Concern over the potential health risks ... |
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| Water Wars: The Need for a National Water Policy |
30 MAR 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Byron Jorns; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | Conflict, unlike any we ve seen before, may soon be facing our nation. The availability of clean water equates directly to survival, growth, and prosperity. Human population growth and development, as well as environmental considerations, place ever increasing demands on water. America's lack of a national water policy is already beginning to reveal the underlying tensions, fears, and anxiety that exist in various parts of our country. At least, three ... |
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| Development of a Screening Model for Design and Costing of an Innovative Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Technology to Treat Perchlorate-Contaminated Water |
MAR 2007 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Powell; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Perchlorate contamination of drinking water is a problem that has recently gained national attention. The purpose of this research was to develop a tool to predict the cost and performance of tailored granular activated carbon (T-GAC), an innovative technology to treat perchlorate-contaminated water. The ability to predict cost and performance is essential to promote transfer and commercialization of innovative technologies. This study investigated how data obtained from small-scale laboratory tests ... |
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| Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
28 FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Susan R. Fletcher; Claudia Copeland; Linda Luther; James E. McCarthy; Mark Reisch; Linda-Jo Schierow; Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Several major statutes form the legal basis for the programs of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Many of these have been amended several times. The current provisions of each are briefly summarized in this report. The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) seeks to prevent pollution through reduced generation of pollutants at their point of origin. The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires EPA to set mobile source limits, ambient air quality standards, ... |
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| Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System Technology Assessment |
FEB 2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Scott Kooistra; John D. Walther; Lindsey Wurster; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, with support from Army client organizations and funding from Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) IV.ME.2004.03, is developing an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system to provide rapid toxicity identification for a broad spectrum of chemicals in water. A critical initial phase of the STO is to test and evaluate toxicity sensor technologies (also called ESB system technologies). Because there are a number ... |
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| An Online Real-Time Biomonitor for Contaminant Surveillance in Water Supplies |
FEB 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Yves B. Mikol; William R. Richardson; William H. van der Schalie; Tommy R. Shedd; Mark W. Widder; NYC DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FLUSHING
|
| Automated biomonitoring systems provide continuous, real-time monitoring of changes in water quality and can rapidly identify toxicity associated with a wide range of chemical contaminants while increasing public confidence in drinking water quality. Biomonitor use is widespread in Europe but rare in the United States. This paper illustrates how biomonitors can contribute to an early warning monitoring system for source and finished water protection using case studies of a biomonitor ... |
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| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
29 NOV 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used mainly by the Department of Defense (DoD) and related industries, perchlorate also occurs naturally and is present in organic nitrate fertilizer from Chile. This very soluble, persistent compound has been disposed of in the ground for decades and has been detected in sources of drinking water for more than 11 million people. It also ... |
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| Environmental Assessment of Makua Military Reservation in Hawaii |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mansour Zakikhani; Danny W Harrelson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The Army has conducted several site-specific environmental studies to address the major public concerns at Makua Military Reservation (MMR). The monitoring and numerical technologies used at MMR may be of interest for other sites with the similar problems. Past sampling has shown that none of the samples had detectable concentrations of energetics or semi-volatile organic compounds. The nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the samples were below risk-based health criteria and ... |
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| Strategic Plan Outline for the Army Utilities Modernization Program: Fiscal Years 2008-2013 |
NOV 2006 |
213 pages |
| Authors:
William Brown; John Vavrin; Noel Potts; Charles Marsh; Vincent Hock; Alexander Zhivov; Franklin Holcomb; Chang Sohn; Richard Scholze; Henry Gignilliat; Carl Zeigler; Paul Volkman; Cecil Jones; Gary Phetteplace; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Utilities privatization is considered the preferred method for modernizing and recapitalizing utility systems in the Army. From Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 to FY 2002, the Army implemented a Utilities Modernization Program that focused on upgrading thermal utilities (i.e., central heating and air-conditioning/ refrigeration plants and the respective distribution systems) to the most life-cycle cost-effective technology. The current Utilities Modernization Program from FY08-13 will focus not only on central heating and ... |
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| Chemical Facility Security |
02 AUG 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Linda-Jo Schierow; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals into the community or as a source of chemicals for use elsewhere. Because few terrorist attacks have been attempted against chemical facilities in the United States, the risk of death and injury in the near future is estimated to be low, relative to ... |
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| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
24 MAY 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy A. Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by a terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threaten public health, and even cause loss of life. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast areas, and ownership and operational responsibility are both public and private but are overwhelmingly nonfederal. Since the 9/11 attacks, federal dam operators and water ... |
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| Cerebral Acetylcholine and Choline Contents and Turnover Following Low-Dose Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Rats |
May-2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Sun; Tsung-Ming Shih; Oscar U Scremin; Margareth Roch; Ly Huynh; Donald J Jenden; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Rats were treated for three weeks with regular drinking water plus subcutaneous (sc) saline (0.5 ml/kg) injections three times/week; pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in drinking water (80 mg/L) plus sc saline injections three times/week; regular drinking water plus sc sarin (0.5 x LD50) injections three times/week; or PB in drinking water plus sc sarin injections three times/week. Repeated doses of sarin, with or without PB, were devoid of acute toxicity during ... |
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| Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices |
MAR 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats ... |
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| Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices |
MAR 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats ... |
|
| Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices |
MAR 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Clarke; William Bettin; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health ... |
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| Investigation of Chlorine Treatment DNA-Based Detection of the Bacillus anthracis Spore |
01 DEC 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Jon J. Calomiris; Pamela A. Vercellone-Smith; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIR ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD OPERATIONAL TOXICOLOGY BRANCH
|
| There is a crucial need for technology that allows rapid and reliable detection of waterborne pathogens. Pathogenic organisms such as Vibric choleree, Salmonella sp., Shlgella sp., enteropathogenic Esoherlohla coil, Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidlum parvum, and Glardla lambila have long been known to pose a public health threat to drinking water supplies. More recently, there has been concern that pathogenic microorganisms such as Eaclilus anthracls spores could deliberately be introduced into a ... |
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| Detection and Identification of Viruses using the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) |
NOV 2005 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Wick; Patrick E. McCubbin; Amnon Birenzvige; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Detection and identification of viruses present a particularly difficult challenge. In this report, we describe how a newly invented device detects and identifies viruses by measuring their physical characteristics (size) and breakdown products. The report starts by briefly describing the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and its components. It also describes how we characterize several known viruses. In addition, this report shows how the IVDS can be used to isolate ... |
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| Application of Solid Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid, Reliable, and Safe Method for Field Sampling and Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agent Precursors |
17 AUG 2005 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas K. Parrish; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOMETRICS
|
| Solid phase microextraction was combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) for detection of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the headspace above deionized (DI) water samples, with linear results that were sensitive to below Department of Defense short-term drinking water standards. HCN and several common volatile organic contaminants were also detected in 3 water types in a laboratory and field setting. The method provides an advantage over the standard drinking water detection ... |
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| Alternative Causes of Wide-Spread, Low Concentration Perchlorate Impacts to Groundwater |
10 AUG 2005 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Evan Cox; GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS GUELPH (ONTARIO)
|
| The frequency of detection of perchlorate in groundwater and drinking water supplies has been steadily increasing since its initial identification as a chemical of concern in 1997. It is currently estimated that perchlorate is present in groundwater in at least 30 states and affects the drinking water supplies of more than 20 million people in the southwestern United States (U.S.). The source of perchlorate in water supplies has typically been ... |
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| Investigating the Role of FIP200 in Mammary Carcinogenesis Using a Transgenic Mouse Model |
APR 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
|
| TRE2-HA-FIP2OO-IRES2-EGFP-h beta g3' DNA fragment was used to create transgenic mice by pronuclear injection into fertilized FVB/N eggs. Three independent TRE2-FIP2OO founders were identified with PCR screening with EGFP primers. All three founders and their transgenic offspring are clinically normal, fertile, their litters are of normal size, their pups exhibit normal growth-rate. Mammary gland morphology is normal in all physiological stages in the TRE2-FIP2OO mice when compared to wild-type littermates. ... |
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| Evaluation of Fuel Oxygenate Degradation in the Vadose Zone |
MAR 2005 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Torres; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Groundwater contamination by petroleum products poses a potential human health and safety risk. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was a commonly used fuel oxygenate that was added to gasoline to meet environmental regulations. The widespread use of MTBE resulted in significant contamination of drinking water supplies across the United States. This research evaluated the degradation characteristics of potential alternative fuel oxygenates in the vadose zone. One fuel oxygenate being considered as ... |
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| Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin with Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Physiological Effects |
MAR 2005 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Oscar U. Scremin; Tsung-Ming Shih; Donald J. Jenden; BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INST LOS ANGELES CA
|
| This report describes the effects of treatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with low levels of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors Sarin (0.5 LD50 s.c. 3 times weekly) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 80 mg/L in drinking water) alone or in combination for 3 weeks as compared with untreated controls. The work during this reporting period included analysis of locomotor activity (LA) and autonomic control of heart rate (HR), as well as the ... |
|
| Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions |
23 FEB 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Perchlorate is the main ingredient of solid rocket fuel and has been used mainly by the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and related industries. This highly soluble and persistent compound has been disposed of on the ground for decades, and now has been detected in sources of drinking water that serve more than 11 million people. It also has been found in milk and ... |
|
| Chemical Plant Security |
14 FEB 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Linda-Jo Schierow; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals into the community or as a source of chemicals for use elsewhere. Because few terrorist attacks have been attempted against chemical facilities in the United States, the risk of death and injury in the near future is estimated to be low, relative to ... |
|
| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
05 JAN 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City and at the Pentagon. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast ... |
|
| Results of a Monitoring Program of Continuous Water Levels and Physical Water Properties at the Operable Unit 1 Area of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund Site, Milford, New Hampshire, Water Years 2000-03 |
2005 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Philip T. Harte; DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift (MSGD) aquifer, in south-central New Hampshire, is an important source of industrial, commercial, and domestic water. The MSGD aquifer was also an important source of drinking water for the town of Milford until it was found to contain high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Savage and Keyes municipal-supply wells in the early 1980s. A VOC plume was found to cover part of the southwestern ... |
|
| Performance Testing of Homeland Security Technologies in U.S. EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program |
17 NOV 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. Kelly; Kent C. Hofacre; Tricia L. Derringer; Karen B. Riggs; Eric N. Koglin; BATTELLE COLUMBUS OH
|
| The U.S. EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program has conducted third-party performance testing on over 300 commercially available environmental technologies (reports and test plans available at www.epa.gov/etv). In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the ETV approach has also been employed in performance tests of technologies relevant to homeland security (HS), with over 30 such technologies tested to date. Those technologies fall into in six technology ... |
|
| Science and Technology to Support Fresh Water Availability in the United States |
NOV 2004 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
|
| The last time National water availability and use was comprehensively assessed was 25 years ago. Previous studies were undertaken in response to a Presidential Water Resources Policy Commission and requests from Congress. At the time, water availability and use evaluations focused on how much water was available for human activity and estimation of how much water was used by various human activities (urban, industrial, and agricultural). Today, the water requirements ... |
|
| Response Protocol Toolbox: Planning for and Responding to Drinking Water Contamination Threats and Incidents. Response Guidelines |
AUG 2004 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF WATER
|
| The EPA released the interim final Response Protocol Toolbox: Planning for and Responding to Drinking Water Contamination Threats and Incidents (the Response Protocol Toolbox) in winter of 2003 and spring of 2004 to help the water sector effectively and appropriately plan for and respond to contamination threats and incidents. Since its release, EPA has received feedback and suggestions from several sources concerning improvements in the Response Protocol Toolbox. These Response ... |
|
| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
09 MAR 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; Betsy Cody; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City and at the Pentagon. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast ... |
|
| Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin with Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical Behavioral and Physiological Effects |
MAR 2004 |
156 pages |
| Authors:
Oscar U. Scremin; Tsung-Ming Shih; Donald J. Jenden; BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INST LOS ANGELES CA
|
| This report describes the effects of treatment with low levels of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors Sarin (0.5 LD5O s.c. 3 times weekly) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 80 mg/L in drinking water) alone or in combination for 3 weeks as compared with untreated controls. At 2, 4 and 16 weeks after exposure, we studied neurochemical, behavioral and physiological parameters. The main findings have established: Neurochemical cholinergic markers (AChE, ChAT, and QNB ... |
|
| Biotelemetry Transmitter Implantation in Rodents: Impact on Growth and Circadian Rhythms |
15 JAN 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa R. Leon; Larry D. Walker; David A. DuBose; Lou A. Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| The implantation of a biotelemetry transmitter for core body temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) measurements is hypothesized to have effects on growth and circadian rhythmicity depending on animal body-to- transmitter (B:T) size ratio. This study examined the impact of transmitter implantation (TM) on body weight., food intake (FI), water intake (WI). and circadian Tc and MA rhythms in mice (23.8 +/- 0.04 g) and rats (311.5 +/- 5.1 g) ... |
|
| Utilizing Routine Water Quality Instruments for Monitoring Distribution System Security |
2004 |
193 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Byer; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
| Drinking water system security concerns have been a considerable issue in the United States in recent years, but in the last two years this issue has risen to new levels of urgency. The tragic events of September 11th highlighted America's vulnerability to terrorism and spurred a domestic security response unprecedented since World War II. Currently, significant purposeful contamination of a water system won't be properly characterized until post- symptomatic epidemiological ... |
|
| Impact of Dual Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulation on Filtration |
19 AUG 2003 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Haines; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The process of treating drinking water with a combination of alum and polyaluminum chloride (dual coagulant) has been performed by at least one utility along the Colorado Front Range since the early 199Os. Previous bench- scale research with water containing low concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) showed the dual treatment developed larger non- settleable floc than alum and these floc re-aggregated faster than polyaluminum chloride (PACL) or alum after ... |
|
| Drinking Water Distribution System Modeling for Predicting the Impact and Detection of Intentional Chemical Contamination (CD-ROM) |
13 AUG 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Timothy P. Allmann; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 4 files; MS PowerPoint (.PPT) and MS Word (.DOC). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 24.1 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible. ABSTRACT: Four highly toxic chemicals - parathion, VX, sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) and cyanide - were selected as contaminants for an evaluation of the human health threat of intentional contamination originating within a drinking water distribution system. Water quality models of ... |
|
| Planning and Implementation of Non-Potable Water Reuse Projects at U.S. Naval Installations |
AUG 2003 |
189 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua B. Malkin; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
| With the passage of Executive Orders 12902 and 13123, the U.S. Navy has been forced to develop water conservation programs and evaluate how water is used at each of its installations. The central goal of these orders is to reduce potable water consumption at federal facilities. Water reuse and recycling has been listed as a best management practice for achieving this goal. However, only a handful of Navy facilities have ... |
|
| American Ginseng in the Prevention and Treatment of Human Breast Cancer |
AUG 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Laura L. Murphy; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT CARBONDALE
|
| The effect of ginseng on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer has not been studied. This research project was designed to examine the effects of American ginseng on breast cancer using well-established in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is our hypothesis that ginseng, and its ginsenosides, in particular, would inhibit the proliferation and growth of human breast cancer cells. Our results have shown that an extract of ... |
|
| Environmental Characteristics of Reservoir Systems in the Czech Republic |
JUL 2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Josef Hejzlar; Martin Ruzicka; EUROPEAN RESEARCH OFFICE LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The sustainable use of reservoirs needs to be based on the concept of watershed level management. This requires complex information on natural conditions, land use, sources of pollution, and socio-economic conditions within the watershed area and on the physical, chemical and biological structure of the reservoir ecosystem. The aims of this work were to (i) collect data sets from watershed-reservoir systems in the Czech Republic that can serve this purpose ... |
|
| Utilizing Routine Water Quality Instruments and Artificial Neural Networks for Monitoring Distribution System Security |
22 MAY 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Byer; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER
|
| Drinking water system security concerns have been a considerable issue in the United States in recent years, but in the last two years this issue has risen to new levels of urgency. The tragic events of September 11th highlighted America's vulnerability to terrorism and spurred a domestic security response unprecedented since World War II. Drinking water systems were identified almost immediately as a potential target for future attacks and were ... |
|
| NDIA Environmental and Energy Symposium & Exhibition (29th) Held in Richmond, Virginia on 7-10 April 2003 |
10 Apr 2003 |
1 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION ARLINGTON VA
|
| NDIA in cooperation with the Defense Department and the Environmental Protection Agency conducted this annual symposium to provide a national forum, for both government and industry, for the exchange of technical information and management accountability to support environmental leadership programs, policies and procedures. |
|
| Analysis of the Waste Management Practices at Bosnia and Kosovo Base Camps |
APR 2003 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
C. J. Martel; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| In June 2002, the main American base camps in Bosnia and Kosovo were visited to record the types of facilities being used for waste management and to identify% any lessons to be learned. This study concluded that the Army should develop a deployable wastewater treatment system for base camps. Development of such a system would avoid the costly set-up and take-down operations required with conventional plants. Also, Eagle Base and ... |
|
| Interactions of Subsymptomatic Doses of Sarin With Pyridostigmine - Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Physiological Effects |
MAR 2003 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Oscar U. Scremin; Tsung-Ming Shih; Donald J. Jenden; BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INST LOS ANGELES CA
|
| This report describes the effects of treatment with low levels of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors Sarin (0.5 LDSO s.c. 3 times weekly) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 80 mg/L in drinking water) alone or in combination for 3 weeks as compared with untreated controls. At 2, 4 and 16 weeks after exposure, we studied the brain regional levels of glucose utilization (rCGU), as well as electroencephalographic activity, heart rate and locomotor ... |
|
| Water-Quality Data for Navajo National Monument, Northeastern Arizona-2001-02 |
2003 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Blakemore E. Thomas; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Water-quality data are provided for six sites in Navajo National Monument in northeastern Arizona. These data describe the current water quality and provide baseline water-quality information for monitoring future trends. Water samples were collected from six sites near three ancient Indian ruins during September 2001 to August 2002. Two springs and one well are near Betatakin Ruin, one spring is near Keet Seel Ruin, and one spring and one stream ... |
|
| Methods for Quality-Assurance Review of Water-Quality Data in New Jersey |
2003 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
G. A. Brown; Edward A. Pustay; Jacob Gibs; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DENVER CO
|
| This report is an instructional and reference manual that describes methods developed and used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), New Jersey District, to assure the accuracy and precision of the results of analyses of surface- and ground-water samples received from analyzing laboratories and, ultimately, to ensure the integrity of water-quality data in USGS databases and published reports. A statistical-analysis computer program, COMP.PPL, is used to determine whether the values ... |
|
| Proven Alternatives for Aboveground Treatment of Arsenic in Groundwater |
01-Oct-2002 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This issue paper identifies and summarizes experiences with proven aboveground treatment alternatives for arsenic in groundwater, and provides information on their relative effectiveness and cost. The information contained in this paper can also be found in the report Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water , EPA542-R-02-004 (Ref. 1.12), which provides cost and performance data for additional technologies that can treat arsenic in soil, waste, and water. This paper ... |
|
| Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water |
01-Sep-2002 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
David Ellis; Enid J Sullivan; David Smythe; Cindy Schreier; Robert G Robbins; James D Navratil; James C Redwine; Richard M Markey; Hilton Frey; G B Wickramanayake; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report contains information on the current state of the treatment of soil, waste, and water containing arsenic, a contaminant that can be difficult to treat and may cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans. This information can help managers at sites with arsenic-contaminated media, generators of arsenic contaminated waste and wastewater, and owners and operators of drinking water treatment plants to: " Identify proven and effective arsenic ... |
|
| Uranium in Hot Water Tanks: A Source of Tenorm |
AUG 2002 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L. Woodruff; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Elevated concentrations of uranium have been detected in private drinking water wells of residents near Simpsonville, South Carolina. Elevated levels of uranium were first detected by private sampling at one home in Simpsonville in January 2001. A member of the family living in the home had developed a benign brain tumor (WYFF, 2002). During the medical diagnosis, hair samples were analyzed in an effort to determine what might be the ... |
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| Evaluation of the Basis for Drinking-Water Contaminant Level Goals and Maximum Contaminant Levels |
JUL 2002 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond S. Kutzman; John P. Hinz; MITRETEK SYSTEMS INC SAN ANTONIO TX
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| SAF/IEE requested AFIERA's assistance in conducting a historical assessment of environmental standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the health risk levels indicated by the risk characterizations for contaminant. The objective of this report is to assess the appropriateness of using Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)as groundwater cleanup goals compared to using the results of an actual site-specific risk assessment. AFIERA contracted with Mitretek Systems (MS) for this assessment. ... |
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| Demonstration of a Continuous, Real-Time Biomonitor for the Detection of Toxic Chemicals in Water |
JUN 2002 |
1 pages |
| Authors:
William H. van der Schalie; Mark W. Widder; Tommy R. Shedd; ARMY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH FORT DETRICK MD
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| Rapid detection of toxic chemicals in drinking water supplies is complicated by the wide range of potential chemical threats and a limited capability for continuous, real-time monitoring of drinking water contaminants. An automated biomonitoring system has been developed to provide a rapid response to developing toxicity caused by a broad spectrum of individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The biomonitor detects sublethal changes in fish behavior by continuously tracking the ventilatory ... |
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| Environmental Protection: MTBE Contamination From Underground Storage Tanks |
21 MAY 2002 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
John Stephenson; GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| I am pleased to be here today to discuss the increasing concern that our nation's waters are becoming contaminated with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). About a third of the states, in certain areas, use gasoline that contains MTBE to help them limit air pollution because it burns cleaner. However, the substance could also pose risks to human health, especially as a contaminant in drinking water wells. One of the ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
DRINKING WATER
