| Acoustic Emission from Ferrous Martensites, |
MAY 1973 |
|
| Authors:
Kanji Ono; T. C. Schlotthauer; T. J. Koppenaal; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE
|
 | Acoustic Emission during Martensitic transformation of two Fe-Ni-C alloys (31.4 Ni-0.03C and 22 Ni-0.44 C) has been investigated as a function of their thermo-mechanical history. Starting conditions examined include a) as annealed equiaxed austenite (gamma) b) 20, 50 and 80% rolling of (a) at room temperature, c) transformed to martensite (alpha prime) and then rapidly reverted to gamma, d) reverted gamma from 20, 50 and 80% deformed alpha prime e) ... |
|
| Inhomogeneous Deformation and Strain-Rate Effects in High Strength Trip Steels. |
MAR 1973 |
|
| Authors:
Morris Azrin; Gregory B. Olson; Roger A. Gagne; ARMY MATERIALS AND MECHANICS RESEARCH CENTER WATERTOWN MASS
|
| AMMRC-TR-73-12DA-1-T-062105-A-528(*steel, deformation), strain(mechanics), austenite, martensite, temperaturehigh strength alloys, steel, stress strain diagrams, trip steelsTensile true stress-strain curves were obtained on high strength TRIP steel for a range of strain rates and test temperatures. It was possible to determine the true-stress and -strain, and strain-rate during periods of Luders band formation, uniform elongation, and final necking. In service, where dynamic loading conditions exist, either the formation of a Luders band must ... |
|
| Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials. Project Section II. Cooperative Measurements on Heat Transport Phenomena of Solid Materials at High Temperature, |
MAR 1973 |
|
| Authors:
E. Fitzer; ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PARIS (FRANCE)
|
| The report is the third and final volume documenting results of the AGARD Structures and Materials Panel project on 'Thermophysical Properties of Solids'. Earlier volumes dealt with thermal expansion while the present deals with heat transport phenomena. The following topics are discussed: Objective of the cooperative measuring program on thermophysical properties of solid materials at high temperatures; General conclusions from the cooperative experimental effort; Characterization of the sample materials; Results ... |
|
| Research in Development of Improved Trip Steels. |
JAN 1973 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
T. J. Koppenaal; PHILCO-FORD CORP NEWPORT BEACH CALIF AERONUTRONIC DIV
|
 | A program was conducted to establish thermal processing procedures directed at improving the strength of TRIP steels. The general approach was to strain hardened TRIP steels by thermal cycling between martensite and reverted austenite. (Author Modified Abstract) |
|
| Studies on the Warm Working Characteristics of Alloys. |
DEC 1972 |
|
| Authors:
Conrad M. Young; Eldon M. Cady; Oleg D. Sherby; STANFORD UNIV CALIF DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| EL 304, STRAIN RATEThe deformation of AISI type 304 austenitic stainless steel, Mangalloy (Fe-14% Mn-3%Ni), E-Brite 26-1 (Fe-26%Cr-1%Mo) ferritic stainless steel, 1018 steel containing 0.5%W, and 7075 aluminum has been studied in torsion over a range of deformation conditions representative of 'warm working' (0.4-0.6Tm, where Tm is the melting temperature of the alloy at strain rates from 0.01/s to 6.3/s). The results obtained at the various temperatures and strain rates ... |
|
| Thermomechanical Working of Electroslag Melted M-50 Bearing Steel. |
OCT 1972 |
|
| Authors:
Eric N. Bamberger; GENERAL ELECTRIC CO CINCINNATI OH AIRCRAFT ENGINE BUSINESS GROUP
|
| A number of electroslag (ESR) melting procedures were investigated with the objective of establishing the thermomechanical working (ausforming) characteristics of M-50 bearing steel produced by this method. The ESR processes evaluated were: Electroslag remelted - Air melted electrode, Electroslag remelted - Vacuum induction melted electrode, Powder-strip electroslag melting, Double electroslag remelted - Vacuum induction melted electrode, and Continuous electroslag melting. Rolling contact fatigue testing, heat treat studies and other metallurgical ... |
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| Directional Transformations in Steel - Alloy Development. |
JUL 1972 |
|
| Authors:
R. Quattrone; M. S. Muntner; C. M. Wayman; ARMY CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB CHAMPAIGN ILL
|
| The study is part of an overall project to develop techniques for producing directional martensite in steel and to assess the properties of such a material. The objective of the work reported herein was to select suitable ferrous alloys. Analyses of the texturing and transformation behavior of austenite were conducted to determine the composition ranges which might be suitable for transformation to directional martensite. On the basis of these analyses, ... |
|
| Formation of the Weld Deposit and Its Effect on the All-Weld-Metal Heat-Affected-Zone, |
JUL 1972 |
|
| Authors:
Morton M. Perle; LEHIGH UNIV BETHLEHEM PA FRITZ ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The three-dimensional shape of a gas metal-arc weld puddle was graphically constructed using a centerline section of a hammer decanted weld, a weld cross-section and the top surface crater outline of the weld puddle. Velocities of melting and solidification were computed at every point within the weld puddle. The analysis showed that the weld papillary region typically solidified 19 times as fast as the trailing portions of the weld puddle ... |
|
| Characterization of GTA Weldments in 10Ni-8Co-2Cr-1Mo Steel, |
JUN 1972 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Fred R. Stonesifer; Herschel L. Smith; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON D C
|
| The study of 10Ni-8Co-2Cr-1Mo steel includes evaluations of tensile, impact, hardness, fracture toughness properties, and metallographic features. Base plate and three weldments in one-inch thicknesses are examined to compare as-welded properties with those obtained after reaging, and results of welding the 10%Ni alloy with 9-4-20 wire as opposed to a matching weld wire composition. Critical crack sizes are calculated for the material. The most desirable weld properties are obtained using ... |
|
| Environmental Sensitivity of Structural Metals: Liquid Metal Embrittlement |
JUN 1972 |
152 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Gordon; Norman N. Breyer; James W. Dally; Darryl L. Albright; Lawrence J. Broutman; ILLINOIS INST OF TECH CHICAGO
|
| This is the third annual technical progress report on a THEMIS research program on liquid metal embrittlement (LME). The phenomenon of LME is being investigated on levels from the atomic through bulk specimen and structural properties, and is being considered from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. The research is aimed at elucidating the three important aspects of LME, namely, the mechanism by which embrittlement takes place at a crack, or ... |
|
| Formation of Nitrous Austenite during Diffusion Saturation of Steel KhA, |
21 MAR 1972 |
|
| Authors:
A. V. Belotskii; V. G. Permyakov; I. M. Samsonyuk; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| Nitride austenite produced during nitriding of 38KhA steel is heterogeneous in composition. In the nitriding temperature interval studied (750-1050 degrees C), there are two isostructural solid solutions, one of which is a solid solution of carbon, the other being a solid solution of nitrogen in the face-sintered cubic lattice of the matrix. The maximum saturation of austenite by nitrogen is achieved at 900 degrees C. A homogeneous nitride-carbide austenite is ... |
|
| Calculating the Wear Intensity of Graphite Bearings Which Work under Lubrication Conditions with Agressive Liquids, |
20 JAN 1972 |
|
| Authors:
D. V. Galivets; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| Graphite bearings operating under conditions of lubrication with nitric acid, coupled with tins of stainless chrome nickel austenite ferrite steel type EI-654 are investigated, and an equation is produced for determination of the intensity of wear and durability of their operation, indicating that the wear of graphite bearings is influenced more by the specific pressure than by the circular rotation of the shaft. The wear of graphite bearings is almost ... |
|
| Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook. Volume I. |
JAN 1972 |
|
| Authors:
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA CENTER TRAVERSE CITY MICH
|
| The Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook, in 4 volumes, is a continuation of work first published by Syracuse University in 1963 under Air Force Material Laboratory sponsorship. The continuing effort has produced graphic and tabular displays of chemical, mechanical and physical properties on 200 metals and alloys of structural importance in aerospace and defense applications. The data presented is intended to characterize the materials rather than establish design minimums. Also included ... |
|
| Development of a Nondestructive Testing Technique to Determine Flaw Criticality. |
JAN 1972 |
242 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Harbower; C. F. Morais; W. G. Reuter; AEROJET SOLID PROPULSION CO SACRAMENTO CALIF
|
| The report presents the findings of a study to develop a nondestructive testing technique to determine flaw criticality based upon stress-wave emission. The research included an evaluation of various sensors and instrumentation systems, and several materials and material conditions tested to failure in rising load and low-cycle, high-stress-intensity fatigue. The fracture testing utilized a linear-elastic fracture-mechanics approach. Acoustic emission was the basis of the nondestructive inspection technique. The stress-wave-analysis technique ... |
|
| The Effect of Reverted Austenite on the Mechanical Properties of an 18 Ni-Fe Binary Alloy. |
01 NOV 1971 |
|
| Authors:
C. Jeanfils; Carlos A. Pampillo; Harold W. Paxton; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA
|
| The effect of austenite reversion on the tensile properties of an 18 Ni-Fe binary alloy was briefly examined. It is seen that the first percentages of reverted austenite appearing on the martensite platelets boundaries cause modest increases in strength; these disappear however when reversion exceeds about 6% of austenite. (Author) |
|
| The Effect of Reverted Austenite on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Two Maraging Steels. |
01 NOV 1971 |
|
| Authors:
C. Jeanfils; Carlos A. Pampillo; Harold W. Paxton; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA
|
| The stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of two maraging steels (12 and 18 Ni) in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution was examined as a function of aging treatment. Comparisons are made of time and nominal stress to failure for three aging treatments giving for the 12-Ni composition a yield strength level of 160 ksi, and one of 180 ksi for the 18-Ni steel. The overaged condition was the most susceptible in ... |
|
| Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials. Project Section 1A. Cooperative Thermal Expansion Measurements up to 1000C. |
MAR 1971 |
|
| Authors:
E. Fitzer; ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PARIS (FRANCE)
|
| The report deals with the results of the co-operative programme on thermal expansion behaviour of well defined samples of very pure metals, ceramics, graphites and some engineering materials in the range between ambient temperature and 1000C. Beyond 1000C the experimental technique becomes more difficult; nevertheless the co-operative programme continues and further results are expected in the near future. The work already done has proved very satisfactory and has shown the ... |
|
| Investigation of the Stability of Austenite Formed in Surface Layers During the Friction of High-Strength Cast Irons, |
09 DEC 1970 |
|
| Authors:
L. I. Markovskaya; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| To determine the stability of austenite formed during friction in surface layers of high strength cast irons the amount of gamma-phase was monitored over a span of 4 years during friction. The amount of gamma-phase was independent of the pressure and of the slip rate. Then, the specimens with max. contents of gamma-phase in the surface layers were tempered in vacuum at 200-600 degrees. With increased heating temperature, the amount ... |
|
| An Investigation of the Structure and Properties of EP357 Steel (Issledovanie Struktury i Svoistv Stali EP357), |
04 NOV 1970 |
|
| Authors:
O. A. Bannykh; I. F. Zubin; R. M. Volkova; Yu. K. Kovneristii; M. V. Pridantsev; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA
|
| The possibility of employing 45 Kh10G14Yu2 (EP357) steel in certain machine construction areas was investigated, particularly as the construction material for steam superheaters as a substitute for 1Kh1810T and 1Kh18N12T steels. The results of investigations involving a complex of mechanical tests and technological trials, required in order to establish the possibility of utilizing pipes constructed of this material for steam superheaters, are detailed. The mechanical properties of the steel are ... |
|
| Quantitative Phase Analysis and Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements by X-Ray Diffraction, |
23 SEP 1970 |
|
| Authors:
R. H. Olsen; BOEING CO RENTON WASH COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE DIV
|
| The technique developed for quantitative phase analysis involves using the siemens X-Ray Diffractometer and specially designed specimen holder which tilts and rotates the specimen while the intensity profiles from particular diffraction planes are recorded. The intensity profiles are recorded on printed tape and input, along with phase chemistries and crystallographic data, to a computer program XRAY that calculates the necessary intensity factors, integrates the intensity profiles and calculates the volume ... |
|
| DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH STRENGTH STAINLESS STEEL WITH IMPROVED TOUGHNESS AND DUCTILITY, |
15 SEP 1970 |
|
| Authors:
D. Webster; BOEING CO RENTON WASH COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE DIV
|
| Compositional modifications were made to the existing Cr-Mo-Co stainless steels to produce a steel (alloy B) which combines the high strength of AFC 77 with the toughness of AFC 260. This was achieved by utilizing both the strengthening effect of grain refinement and the crack stopping ability of retained austenite. After tempering at 800-900F alloy B possesses higher uniform elongation than other high strength stainless steels due to the ease ... |
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| THE EFFECT OF REVERTED AUSTENITE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TOUGHNESS OF 12 Ni AND 18 Ni (200) MARAGING STEELS. |
01 JUN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
Carlos A. Pampillo; Harold W. Paxton; CARNEGIE INST OF TECH PITTSBURGH PA METALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| The effect of reverted austenite, of inclusion density, and of overaging of hardening precipitates, separately and together, on the strength and toughness of some maraging steels was investigated. The presence of reverted austenite does not necessarily improve toughness, and can in fact contribute measurably to increased yield strengths. Some speculations are presented on the role of retained austenite in these steels, and on the influence of the dislocations produced during ... |
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| THERMODYNAMICS OF PRECIPITATION AND TRANSFORMATION IN SOLID STEELS. |
05 MAY 1970 |
|
| Authors:
John Chipman; John F. Elliott; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
|
| The objective of the project was to secure accurate laboratory data which could serve as a basis for a complete thermodynamic description of the changes occurring in the heat treatment of carbon and alloy steels. The important changes considered are the transformations from liquid to solid, and from austenite to ferrite, and precipitations of graphite, cementite and other carbides from the liquid or solid phases, particularly from austenite. These changes ... |
|
| Electroslag Remelting and Weldability of Austenitic Steels, |
20 JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
B. I. Medovar; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| Problems connected with crystalline crack formation have been studied in the austenitic joint based on parimary crystallization in the welding bath. However, the formation of cracks in the base metal is more involved. The cracks appear between the grains in the overheated zone close to the joint, and consist of both crystalline cracks and intergranular cracks. The conditions of formation of intergranular cracks have been investigated insufficiently. The main cause ... |
|
| STUDY OF THE RESERVES FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY IN THE PRESSURE-PROCESSING OF HEAT-RESISTANT STEELS OF THE MARTENSITE AND MARTENSITE-AUSTENITE CLASSES (Izyskanie Rezervov Povysheniya Tekhnologichnosti pri Obrabotke Davleniem Teploustoichivykh Stalei Marte |
07 JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
N. S. Alferova; t. m. bogdanova; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WASHINGTON D C; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WASHINGTON D C
|
| The report concerns the problem of investigating the reserve for increasing efficiency and effectiveness in pressure-processing of high-strength steels which are difficult to deform. In performing this work a study was made of the possibility of improving the deformability of steels of the martensite and martensite-austenitic classes by proper selection of a rational regime for softening thermal processing, the use of warm rolling and rolling in a state of ... |
|
| EFFECT OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING ON PROPERTIES OF STEEL WITH MANGANOUS AUSTENITE (Vliyanie Nizkotemperaturnoi Obrabotk: Na Svoistva Stali s Marganstovistym Austenitom), |
06 JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
I. A. Epshtein; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WASHINGTON D C
|
| The objective of the study was to determine the possibility of increasing heat resistance by means of thermomechanical processing of steels with manganous austenite. The test material was chromium-manganese-nickel steel, additionally alloyed with boron. This steel, E1711, is used in the construction of electric furnaces in place of chromium-nickel austenitic steel for parts operating at temperatures up to 700C. It is shown that low-temperature thermomechanical processing greatly increases the tensile ... |
|
| KINETICS OF CARBURIZATION OF FOUR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS. |
26 NOV 1969 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Stanley; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS
|
| Four austenitic stainless steels of the 18Cr 8Ni type (i.e., AISI types 304, 316, 321, and 347) were carburized in a methane-hydrogen mixture (1.5 vol% methane) in a temperature range from 925C (1700F) to 1040C (1900F). Carbon gradients were established by analyzing layers machined from carburized steels. Despite the heterogeneous appearance of the microstructure in the carburized layer, it was possible to calculate diffusion coefficients for each of the four ... |
|
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIDED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL AS RELATED TO MICROSTRUCTURE, |
03 NOV 1969 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Stanley; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS
|
| In studies concerned with the deterioration of high temperature materials, four austenitic stainless steels (AISI Types 304, 316, 321, and 347) were nitrided in ammonia for 72 hours at 425C (800F), 540C (1000F), 650C (1200F), 785C (1450F), and 980C (1800F). Tube tensile specimens, nitrided on both the outside and inside diameters, were tested. A nitride case formed on the steels nitrided at 650C (1200F) and higher. Tensile ... |
|
| THE CARBURIZATION OF FOUR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS. |
15 SEP 1969 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Stanley; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS
|
| Four austenitic stainless steels (AISI Types 304 (18Cr-8Ni), 316 (18Cr-8Ni + Mo), 321 (18Cr-8Ni + Ti), and 347 (18Cr-8Ni + Cb)) were carburized in a mixture of methane-hydrogen (1-1/2 vol % methane) up to 25 hr in a temperature range of 730C (1350F) to 1040C (1900F). Carburization occurrence diagrams, i.e., time and temperature at which carburization is observed, for each of the steels are given. Typical carburized structures at ... |
|
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBURIZED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS AS RELATED TO MICROSTRUCTURE. |
31 JUL 1969 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Stanley; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS
|
| Results are presented for tests carried out on tube tensile specimens of four austenitic stainless steels (AISI Types 304, 316, 321, and 347) carburized in a methane-hydrogen mixture for 1 hr each at 870C (1600F), 925C (1700F), 980C (1800F), and 1040C (1900F). Specimens were carburized on both the external and internal surfaces. The carburized case encompasses two zones: (1) a dark etching area of carbide (Fe.Cr)7C3 and ... |
|
| GRAIN GROWTH IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL. |
15 JUL 1969 |
|
| Authors:
J. K. Stanley; A. J. Perrotta; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CALIF LAB OPERATIONS
|
| Despite the extensive use of Type 347 stainless steel tubing for regeneratively cooled thrust chambers, very little is known about its grain growth characteristics. Lacking, also, is information on the other 18 Cr 8 Ni austenitic steels. Therefore, grain growth curves for AISI Types 304, 316, and 321 were obtained and compared. Grain growth characteristics were established at temperatures between 1900 and 2300F, for periods of 5, 15, and 60 ... |
|
| CORROSION OF METALS IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS. PART 9. STRUCTURAL FERROUS METALS - SIXTEEN YEARS' EXPOSURE TO SEA AND FRESH WATER. |
23 APR 1969 |
|
| Authors:
C. R. Southwell; A. L. Alexander; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON D C
|
| Effects of corrosion on 20 structural ferrous metals immersed in seawater and fresh water and exposed at mean-tide elevation have been measured at various intervals during 16 years. Corrosion rates and time-corrosion curves derived from both weight loss and pitting have been established. The final constant rates provide significant data for comparing the corrosion resistance of the different metals in the various environments and for estimating service life over more ... |
|
| SPHEROIDIZATION OF BINARY IRON-CARBON ALLOYS OVER A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES. |
APR 1969 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Richard W. Heckel; Krishna M. Vedula; DREXEL INST OF TECH PHILADELPHIA PA DEPT OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The spheroidization of cementite in binary iron-carbon alloys was investigated over a range of temperatures (594, 649, and 704C) for times up to about a million seconds. Quantitative metallography techniques were used to obtain the following microstructural data on the cementite particles: shape, size distribution, mean size, number of particles per unit volumes, and growth (and shrinkage) rates of various sizes in the size distribution. The variations of these microstructural ... |
|
| THE EFFECT OF DEFORMATION VOIDS ON AUSTENITE GRAIN GROWTH IN STEELS, |
26 FEB 1969 |
|
| Authors:
Donald Webster; BOEING CO RENTON WASH COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE DIV
|
| Voids have been found to form around carbide particles in a martensitic stainless steel and a low alloy steel during working. The voids are metastable in austenite at high temperatures and result in a considerable refinement of austenite grain size by acting as barriers to grain growth. Deformation in both the austenitic and martensitic conditions results in void formation. (Author) |
|
| THE BREAKDOWN OF UNSTABLE GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES. |
FEB 1969 |
|
| Authors:
H. W. Paxton; R. D. Townsend; J. S. Jaspal; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
|
| The propagation of a surface layer of ferrite into an austenite matrix was studied under varying degrees of supersaturation. (Author) |
|
| CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OF A FRACTURE AND THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF 3X13H7C2 STEEL AS A RESULT OF OVERHEATING IN HOT WORKING UNDER PRESSURE AND HEAT TREATMENT, |
30 JAN 1969 |
|
| Authors:
I. E. Konorovich; A. M. Tamarina; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| Brittle fracture with a crystalline appearance may develop in steel owing to the presence of pearlite and bainite in the microstructure or owing to the development of temper brittleness and over heating during hot working and heat treatment. The article deals with changes in the structural appearance of fracture of 3X13H7C2 steel (0.28 percent C, 2.5 percent Si, 0.55 percent Mn, 12.9 percent Cr, 6.95 percent Ni, 0.20 percent S, ... |
|
| THE EFFECT OF PRIOR-AUSTENITE GRAIN-SIZE ON THE STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A.I.S.I. 4340 STEEL. |
JAN 1969 |
|
| Authors:
R. P. M. Procter; H. W. Paxton; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
|
| Using both conventional heat-treatments and repeated rapid austenitising and quenching heat-treatments, a series of AISI 4340 steels with prior-austenite grain-sizes covering the range ASTM 7-12 were developed. The stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of the steels in a 3.5% aqueous solution of NaCl was investigated using fatigue-precracked, plane-strain cantilever-beam specimens. The results of an electron fractographic investigation of the stress-corrosion fracture surfaces are described; the experimental results are interpreted in terms of ... |
|
| ON THE USE OF COLOUR ETCHING TECHNIQUES FOR STAINLESS STEELS (Ueber die Anwendung von Farbaetzungen bei Rostfreien Staehlen), |
1969 |
|
| Authors:
Iain Le May; William E. White; SASKATCHEWAN UNIV SASKATOON COLL OF ENGINEERING
|
| It was shown that with careful control of etching procedures, colour etchants can be successfully employed to distinghish between ferrite, sigma phase and carbides in austenitic steels. Detailed procedures to achieve this are outlined. (Author) |
|
| FATIGUE AND FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF THE 175MM M113 GUN TUBE. |
NOV 1968 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas E. Davidson; Albert N. Reiner; Joseph F. Throop; Charles J. Nolan; WATERVLIET ARSENAL N Y BENET LABS
|
| During an earlier program to evaluate the safe life of the 175mm M113 gun tube, an unusually large variation in fatigue life between tubes was observed. In this current investigation, the fatigue life characteristics of the 175mm gun tube are examined from the standpoint of the fracture mechanisms involved and the application of fracture mechanics. Examined in detail are four tubes; three having been fired nominally 1000 Zone 3 rounds ... |
|
| Iron Base Alloys 18Ni Maraging Steels, |
01 SEP 1968 |
|
| Authors:
A. M. Hall; R. C. Simon; D. P. Moon; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER
|
| The DMIC Handbook on 18Ni Maraging Steels is a compilation of available information and data covering the metallurgy and manufacture of these steels and the effects of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of common grades in the heat-treated (maraged) condition. (Author) |
|
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN GAUGE FIRTH VICKERS F.V.520 A CONTROLLED TRANSFORMATION STAINLESS STEEL SHEET MATERIAL. |
SEP 1968 |
|
| Authors:
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY ORPINGTON (ENGLAND) TIL REPORTS CENTRE
|
| The report gives details and results of tension, compression, dynamic modulus, bend, fracture, creep and fatigue tests on the steel in the following conditions: (1) Supplied austenitic (fully soft), hardened by sub-zero transformation, followed by precipitation heat treatment; (2) As supplied after transformation on the strip mill production line, hardened by a low temperature treatment followed by precipitation heat treatment; (3) Austenitic FV 520 hardened by sub-zero transformation, cold rolled ... |
|
| INCREASING THE TOUGHNESS OF AFC 77 BY CONTROL OF RETAINED AUSTENITE CONTENT, AUSFORMING, AND STRAIN AGING, |
08 AUG 1968 |
|
| Authors:
Donald Webster; BOEING CO RENTON WASH COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE DIV
|
| A high strength martensitic stainless steel, AFC 77, suffers from low fracture toughness in its highest strength conditions produced by tempering in the range 800 degrees F - 1100 degrees F. Three methods of improving toughness without loss of strength have been utilized to overcome this: control of retained austenite content, strain aging, and ausforming. (Author) |
|
| Biaxial Stress-Rupture Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Static Sodium |
30 JUN 1968 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
W. T. Lee; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CANOGA PARK CA ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL DIV
|
| The mechanical properties of candidate cladding materials for fast breeder reactor fuel elements are being investigated as part of the Atomic Energy Commission Liquid Metal Cooled Past Breeder Reactor Program. This report deals with the stress-rupture characteristics of austenitic stainless steels in a liquid sodium environment, in both cold-worked and annealed conditions. |
|
| EFFECT OF RETAINED AUSTENITE ON THE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF CARBURIZED 9310 STEEL, |
17 JUN 1968 |
|
| Authors:
M. Raefsky; BOEING CO PHILADELPHIA PA VERTOL DIV
|
| The effect of retained austenite on the bending fatigue durability of carburized 9310 steel was investigated. It was found that nonfrozen test bars, containing 13.8 to 18.5% retained austenite had superior fatigue resistance than frozen test bars, containing 5.3-7.3% retained austenite. The mean fatigue life ratio of nonfrozen to frozen bars at 155 KSI was determined to be 3.5, with a 99% confidence. (Author) |
|
| A study of Sensitization in Types 301 and 304L Stainless Steels Using Mossbauer Spectroscopy |
JUN 1968 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
O. W. Albritton; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE
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| A relatively new research tool has been brought to bear on a relatively old problem. Mossbauer effect spectroscopy in conjunction with x-ray diffraction techniques were used to study the phenomenon of stainless steel sensitization. A ferromagnetic phase, thought to be pseudomartensite, has been found to exist in sensitized Type 301. Stresses generated in the matrix by morphology changes of the precipitated carbides is deemed responsible for the creation of this ... |
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| A PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS OF AFC 77 BY AUSTENITE GRAIN REFINEMENT, |
18 APR 1968 |
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| Authors:
D. Webster; BOEING CO RENTON WASH COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE DIV
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| A process has been developed for refining the austenite grain size of a martensitic stainless steel, AFC 77, by deformation in the tempered martensitic condition. Deformation above 25% results in considerable grain refinement during subsequent austenitizing. Increases in yield strength of 20 to 60 ksi have been obtained with no loss of toughness. For tempering treatments at 500F and 700F both strength and toughness are increased. (Author) |
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| MECHANICAL-PROPERTY DATA AFC-260 STAINLESS STEEL. |
MAR 1968 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH COLUMBUS LABS
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| AFC-260 is a semiaustentic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel. The composition is balanced so that it can be heat treated to an austenitic structure suitable for cold or warm deformation. With additional thermal treatments, AFC-260 can be transformed to martensite and then age hardened to high strength levels. Preliminary data show that the new AFC-260 retains its strength well upon prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, that its oxidation resistance is comparable to ... |
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| PRODUCTION OF HEAVY MACHINERY (SELECTED ARTICLES), |
09 FEB 1968 |
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| Authors:
V. K. Farafonov; M. M. Shteinberg; E. N. Sokolkov; B. D. Titorov; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
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| Contents: Influence of alloying on resoftening and high-temperature strength of chrome-nickel austenite; and High-temperature thermomechanical working of large chrome-nickel-manganese austenitic steel forgings. |
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| THE EFFECT OF THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN AN AUSTENITIC STATE OF THE temper brittleness of rail steel, |
02 FEB 1968 |
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| Authors:
V. V. Druzhinin; D. I. Tarasko; Yu. V. Grdina; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
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| Billets of R-65 rail steel of the standard chemical composition (0.70% C, 0.80% Mn, O.18% Si) were heated to 950C in an electric furnace, deformed 30% at 850C in a two-high rolling mill, and immediately afterward quenched in water. The quenched billets were tempered at from 200 to 600C. Specimens cut from these billets were then subjected to impact tests. (Author) |
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| LITERATURE SURVEY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOY ELEMENTS ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS. |
FEB 1968 |
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| Authors:
E. A. Steigerwald; C. Vishnevsky; TRW INC CLEVELAND OHIO
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| A literature survey was conducted to summarize the known effects of solid solution additions on the fracture toughness of high-strength steels. The results indicate that nickel is the singular alloy addition that consistently improves toughness while manganese has a detrimental effect. In the range of compositions usually employed, variations in the percentage of carbide formers produces no well defined change in fracture toughness. Silicon has a marked effect on retarding ... |
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AUSTENITE
