| Reliability |
23 MAR 1970 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
 | The report describes test procedures, regarding methods and techniques for evaluating the reliability characteristics of communications, surveillance, and avionic electronic equipment. The procedures are intended to be limited to the engineering testing of electronic equipment under certain selected reliability test plans. |
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| Army Preliminary Evaluation Preproduction OV-1D (Mohawk). |
MAR 1970 |
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| Authors:
William A. Graham Jr.; George M. Yamakawa; Theodore K. Wright; ARMY AVIATION SYSTEMS TEST ACTIVITY EDWARDS AFB CA
|
 | An Army Preliminary Evaluation of the preproduction OV-1D airplane (Mohawk), S/N 67-18899, was conducted by the US Army Aviation Systems Test Activity. During the period of this test, 33.9 hours were flown between 29 April 1969 and 14 May 1969 at Calverton, New York. The objective of this test was to evaluate performance and handling qualities of the airplane in various external store configurations. |
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| Project THEMIS: A Center for Remote Sensing. |
MAR 1970 |
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| Authors:
F. T. Ulaby; KANSAS UNIV CENTER FOR RESEARCH INC LAWRENCE
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| The report summarizes the technical progress under the subject contract on a broad interdisciplinary effort for the improvement of user utility of remotely sensed data. This effort involves theoretical work, sensor development, processing and display, and data analysis for specific user application. A number of technical reports and memoranda describing work underway are attached. (Author) |
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| Improvements and Modifications of the AIRS Performance Model. |
27 FEB 1970 |
|
| Authors:
Sydney F. Martin; Stephen Leibholz; Morris Plotkin; Lawrence Rafsky; Willard Sunstein; ANALYTICS INC TINTON FALLS N J
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| This report describes improvement which have been made to the AIRS(AIRBORNE INTEGRATED RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM) Performance Simulation Model. It also contains the user instructions for the modified computer programs. (Author) |
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment |
18 FEB 1970 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The role of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment during the past quarter has been mainly one of re-positioning of forces to interdict the NVA LINES OF COMMUNICATION (LOC) originating in Cambodia and combating local force units. During the month of November, elements of the Blackhorse Regiment embarked on Operation Long Reach I (7-9 Nov) and Operation Texas Traveler (24-28 Nov). Long Reach I was initially designed to relieve the pressure ... |
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 1st Military Intelligence Battalion. |
14 FEB 1970 |
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| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 212th Combat Aviation Battalion. |
14 FEB 1970 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 214th Aviation Battalion. |
13 FEB 1970 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
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| Aerial Magnetic Detection in Counter-Insurgency Warfare. Part 2, Experimental Results |
FEB 1970 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J. Zawalick; Robert O. Hutchinson; AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABS HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Component gradiometer and total intensity magnetometer systems performances for use in aerial magnetic detection were compared. Permanent and induced fields and resultant magnetic moments and the ranges of variations for target vehicles were obtained. Dynamic signatures from these same vehicles were obtained with a modified commercial magnetometer. The total field system was installed in a grumman Tracker (S2E) aircraft and a joint program with the Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, ... |
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| THE ANDROS FOREREEF SHELF. |
FEB 1970 |
|
| Authors:
Harry H. Roberts; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE COASTAL STUDIES INST
|
| Data concerning the configuration and ecology of the forereef shelf, Andros Island, Bahamas, were collected as supporting information necessary for evaluation of photographic sensing techniques tested by NAVOCEANO. The new photographic techniques are designed to improve mapping of shallow marine shelf environments from aerial photographs. Information was collected on submarine topography, sediment distribution, and organic communities of the shelf. (Author) |
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| Lessons Learned, Z(Headquarters, 6th Battalion,)Z32d Artillery. |
31 JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
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| Setting Performance Criteria for Visual Display Generated by Television. |
JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
John C. McKechnie; NAVAL TRAINING DEVICE CENTER ORLANDO FL
|
| The report describes two methods developed to measure and compare, throughout a television media, the characteristics of spatial scenes. The characteristics are quantified when the methods are used and the measurements are objective. The first method measures the discernable edges per unit length across the display scene and describes the display scenes complexity numerically. This is done in terms of information theory and multivariate dimensional analysis. The second method numerically ... |
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| VISUAL PERFORMANCE WITH SIMULATED FLARELIGHT IN ARTIFICIAL CLOUDS. |
JAN 1970 |
|
| Authors:
Sidney Katz; Paul K. Ase; Elliot Raisen; Robert L. Hilgendorf; IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL
|
| The report describes a laboratory procedure for studying the effects of fog or mist on visual acuity under conditions of night illumination. (Author) |
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| TARGET ACQUISITION STUDIES: VISUAL ANGLE REQUIREMENTS FOR DIRECTLY VIEWED TARGETS |
JAN 1970 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
James W. Bergert; Frank D. Fowler; MARTIN MARIETTA AEROSPACE ORLANDO FL
|
| The study investigated the target acquisition capability of the unaided eye in a simulated real world environment. By investigating the component parts of a target acquisition problem separately, and under their dynamic interactions. It included target search, detection and recognition in an unbriefed target mode and in static and dynamic threshold modes. |
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| Annual Typhoon Report 1970. |
1970 |
|
| Authors:
FLEET WEATHER CENTRAL/JOINT TYPHOON WARNING CENTER FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96630
|
| The annual publication discusses tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific. It includes narrative and statistical information on each typhoon including reconnaissance data, best track positions, and forecast verification data. Operational procedures, forecasting techniques, and research efforts of the JTWC are discussed. Also included is a summary of tropical cyclone activity in the eastern North Pacific. (Modified author abstract) |
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| U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office Geomagnetic Surveys |
1970 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE NSTL STATION MS
|
| Since 1953, the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office has conducted geomagnetic surveys over various areas of the world. Information on survey locations, dates, navigational control, track patterns, data format, and availability of geomagnetic technical reports, charts, and other publications is presented. |
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| EASTERN ARCTIC ICE SEASONAL OUTLOOK 1970. |
1970 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE WASHINGTON D C
|
| Forecast trends for five major eastern Arctic ports resupplied by the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) are listed in table 1. The normal escorted and unescorted entry date for each port is shown with the predicted trend. In addition, a written and graphic description of expected ice conditions is presented for Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the Labrador and east Greenland coasts between mid-May and mid-August. Monthly prognostic ice charts ... |
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| Survey Systems, Airborne |
15 DEC 1969 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The Engineering Test Procedure describes test methods and techniques for evaluating the technical performance and characteristics of Tactical Airborne Survey Systems related to the criteria expressed in applicable Qualitative Materiel Requirements (QMR), Small Development Requirements (SDR), Technical Characteristics (TC), or other appropriate design requirements and specifications. The test methods provide for empirical determination of performance and characteristics of airborne survey systems in performing live measurements over land and water at ... |
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| SKIWAY FOR C-130 AIRCRAFT AT PALMER STATION, ANTARCTICA |
DEC 1969 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Russell A. Paige; NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CA
|
| Palmer Station, Antarctica, which is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninsula, has been supported entirely by ice breakers and cargo ships during the austral summer; a capability for air support would extend this season, improve the movement of essential cargo and personnel, and provide for emergency support. This technical note presents the feasibility of establishing a skiway for ski-equipped C-130 aircraft on the Marr Ice Piedmont about ... |
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| Airworthiness and Flight Characteristics. AH-1G Helicopter with Stabilized Night Sight (SNS). Phase I. |
DEC 1969 |
|
| Authors:
Gary L. Bender; Marvin W. Buss; ARMY AVIATION SYSTEMS TEST ACTIVITY EDWARDS AFB CA
|
| The Phase 1 airworthiness and flight characteristics tests of the AH-1G helicopter with the mock-up stabilized night sight (SNS) installed indicated a feasibility for further development utilizing the actual SNS equipment. No significant changes in the handling qualities due to the SNS modification were noted during the tests. The static, proof load test results indicate that the structure is adequate to withstand the required loads. Testing was terminated early to ... |
|
| Lessons Learned, Z(Headquarters, 1st Infantry Brigade,)Z5th Infantry Division (Mech), |
23 NOV 1969 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| 1ST Inf Bde, 5th Inf Div (Mech), in cooperation and coordination with ARVN and GVN Territorial and Regional Forces, conducted search and clear, reconnaissance in force and pacification operations within assigned area of operations (AO). |
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division Airmobile |
19 NOV 1969 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Contents: Operations - Significant Activities--Command, Operations, Training, Chemical, Intelligence, Personnel, Logistics, Civil affairs, Psychological operations, Medical, Signal, Engineer, Army aviation, Information; Lessons Learned: Commander's Observations, Evaluations and Recommendations--Personnel, Intelligence, Operations, Organization, Training, Logistics, Communications, Material, Other; Department of the Army Survey Information. |
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| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam. |
17 NOV 1969 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| Enemy level of activity during the quarter was somewhat lower than the previous quarter. The quarter witnessed the start of the Fall Campaign on 11-12 August, with a highpoint of enemy action that appeared to be a less intense, but more sustained effort than the highpoints of the Summer Campaign. The September effort was quite similar to that of August, featuring ground probes and standoff attacks. The attacks by fire ... |
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| Lessons Learned, Z(Headquarters, 3d Squadron,)Z17th Cavalry. |
15 NOV 1969 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| The squadron's basic mission has been that of providing reconnaissance, surveillance, security, and economy of force to the major units operating in the III Corps Tactical Zone. |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 210th Aviation Battalion |
15 NOV 1969 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| During the reporting period companies of the 210th Aviation Battalion (COMBAT) provided operational support as follows: Staff and Command transport for Hq, II Field Force, affiliated units, and CORDS; general aerial transport service for JUSPAC, Hq, USARV, 1st Log Command, and 1st Aviation Brigade, including passenger and cargo transport, psychological warfare aerial support, and aerial topographic photographic missions in support of the USARV Engineer Mapping and Intelligence Branch; aerial surveillance ... |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, I Field Force Vietnam. |
15 NOV 1969 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division Artillery |
15 NOV 1969 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 1st Cavalry Division. |
15 NOV 1969 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| The August-October 1969 period saw a continuation of the roles, missions and functions from the last reporting period, but with an increase in the use of combined ARVN-US operations. During the reporting period, the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) conducted operations in Binh Duong, Tay Ninn, Binh Long and Phuoc Long Provinces. A continued build-up of intelligence culminated with the Communist offensive on the night of 11-12 August that consisted of ... |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, US Army, Vietnam |
14 NOV 1969 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
|
| AR-109 VIEWER-PRINTER, PROJECTION, PHOTOGRAPHIC. |
NOV 1969 |
|
| Authors:
Warren M. Emlen; ROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER GRIFFISS AFB N Y
|
| The advent of more sophisticated reconnaissance data collection systems, which provide more data of higher resolution, has necessitated the development of a combination direct/rear projection viewer and a quick printer. This report covers the development and operational test of the unit, including a fairly detailed description of its operational capabilities. The viewer provides 2.5x, 5x, 10x, and 22.6x magnifications in the rear projection made, and a Zoom 70/240 provides detailed ... |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 70th Engineer Battalion. |
31 OCT 1969 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 39th Engineer Battalion. |
31 OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| During the report period, the Battalion continued to concentrate its effort on the upgrade and maintenace of OL-1 south of CHU LAI. In addition to the LOC projects, a land clearing platoon was formed by Headquarters Company and operated under the operational control of the 9th Engineer Battalion (USMC). Other projects included the completion of the DUC PHO Helipad renovation (FS807378), the resumption of the 27th Surgical Hospital revetment project ... |
|
| ENGINEER SUPPORT OF RIVER CROSSINGS, |
29 OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
I. F. Lysukhin; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WASHINGTON D C; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER WASHINGTON D C
|
| The author discusses the basic missions of engineer support in forcing rivers from a drive, following planned preparations, and under special conditions. Practical recommendations are made with respect to organizing engineer support in forcing rivers and the characteristics of crossing means is described. (Author) |
|
| Spectrolab FX-150, 9 to 20 KW, Helicopter Mounted Searchlight. |
26 OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
Charles M. Hickerson; ARMY CONCEPT TEAM IN VIETNAM APO SAN FRANCISCO 96384
|
| The FX-150 Helicopter-Mounted Searchlight was brought to Vietnam for evaluation. One searchlight was evaluated by two different aviation units during the period 12 June to 23 July 1969. It was employed in a variety of missions that included battlefield illumination for defensive perimeters, armed helicopter and fighter attacks, and visual reconnaissance along roads, rivers, and canals. (Author) |
|
| Sea-Surface Temperature Measurements by Infrared Radiometer, |
17 OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
M. Colacino; E. Rossi; F. M. Vivona; ISTITUTO DI FISICA DELL'ATMOSFERA ROME (ITALY)
|
| After a brief description of Barnes PRT-5 radiometer and of its possible use for sea-surface temperature measurements, the results obtained during an oceanographic survey in April 1969 in the Tyrrhenian Sea are presented. The data of the radiometer are compared with those obtained from bucket measurements, applying a statistical method. Satisfactory agreement between the two series of values is found. The influence of the inclination angle of a radiometer on ... |
|
| Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. Jet Forward Air Controllers in SEAsia |
15-Oct-1969 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
John Schlight; PACIFIC AIR FORCES HICKAM AFB HI CHECO DIV
|
| An important by-product of the war in Southeast Asia was USAF experimentation with new aerial tactics...the use of on-board aircraft in unaccustomed roles...for broad and varied functions. This report outlines the evolution of the jet Forward Air Controllers (FACs) from their initial experimental flight in mid-1967 to their expansion in the Strike Control and Reconnaissance (SCAR) role two years later. Although usually called Forward Air Controllers, the term "jet FACs" ... |
|
| A Study of Radiometric Signal Processing and Display Techniques. |
03 OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
J. Hull; M. Seiler; R. Lackey; ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL COLUMBUS OH COLUMBUS DIV
|
| The report covers a study of signal processing and display techniques which will allow presentation of microwave radiometric information to observers in a 'real world' format. The study considered the speed and overall suitability of various digital techniques and selected a novel method which uses 'complex exponential representation' of signals. Data from previous radiometric programs was processed by this method. The study also examined magnetic storage methods of achieving the ... |
|
| Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. The Fourth Offensive |
01-Oct-1969 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Bert B Aton; E S Montagliani; PACIFIC AIR FORCES HICKAM AFB HI CHECO DIV
|
| On the night of 22-23 February 1969, the Communist forces in South Vietnam launched a major offensive. The ensuing action was variously called "The Post-Tet Offensive of 1969" and "The Winter-Spring Offensive of 1969". Since the enemy initiative was the fourth in a series of offensives beginning with the infamous Tet Campaign of 1968, this report is titled: "The Fourth Offensive Concerned with air response to the Fourth Offensive, the ... |
|
| Weather Planning Factors for Fair Weather Reconnaissance Systems (France). |
OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
Roy T. Wiggins; TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE CENTER SHAW AFB SC OFFICE OF OPERATIONS ANALYSIS
|
| No existing high-resolution reconnaissance sensor can penetrate clouds. This study is directed toward providing weather synopses that will be useful to users, planners, and designers of reconnaissance systems. It contains information on the percentage of time a ceiling exists at or above specific altitudes for specific time periods. This information is plotted by month and then by time of day on a year-long basis. This report pertains to France. For ... |
|
| Report of the Arctic Ice Observing and Forecasting Program - 1968. |
OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE NSTL STATION MS
|
| A summary of NAVOCEANO and NAVWEASERV ice operations during 1968 is presented. Operational aspects of obtaining and disseminating ice information and the ice forecasting and observing program are discussed. Ice charts including Danish data by 6-day periods depict observed synoptic ice conditions throughout the year. Locations of oceanographic stations occupied in the polar and subpolar regions are included. (Author) |
|
| HUMAN FACTORS IN AIRMOBILITY |
OCT 1969 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Wallace W. Prophet; HUMAN RESOURCES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| The paper describes the general organization of the Army Human Factors and Social Science Research Program and its principal research agencies, and discusses current research activities of HumRRO Division No. 6 (Aviation). These activities include studies of prediction of aviator performance, systems engineering of aviation maintenance training, human information processing functions in aerial reconnaissance and surveillance systems, and aviation simulation and training device requirements. Selected human factors research areas of ... |
|
| EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITES. |
OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
S. L. Entres; ROYAL AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT FARNBOROUGH (ENGLAND)
|
| Operational and technical aspects of earth resources satellite projects are discussed. Two basic surveying methods are possible: by remote sensing satellites and by measurement-collecting satellites. Attention is concentrated on problems of orbital sensing of electromagnetic earth radiance in the visual, infra-red and micro-wave regions. The principles of polychromatic measurement of earth surface 'radiation signatures' and their analysis as well as some matters connected with the data handling of the sensed ... |
|
| NEIGHBOR DIFFUSION IN MONTEREY BAY. |
OCT 1969 |
|
| Authors:
B. J. Taylor Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CALIF
|
| The applicability of Richardson's 'four-thirds law' to turbulent horizontal diffusion, the dependence of diffusion on the weight of the diffusers, and the effects of varying the rejection level of the data were investigated. Diffusers of identical size and shape but weighing 13 or 15 pounds were photographed from a Navy US2-A aircraft. The data were collected in Monterey Bay on scales from 25 meters to 200 meters, with water depths ... |
|
| MEASURED TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITIES INSIDE CLOUDS, FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA - 1966 |
SEP 1969 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Albert R. Tebo; ARMY ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT MONMOUTH NJ
|
| Temperatures and humidities were measured in aircraft flights in July 1966 at Flagstaff, Arizona. Because of its rapid response and freedom from external influences, an Infrared Atmospheric Thermometer, sensitive to the 15- micrometer wavelength band, was used to provide reliable temperature measurements. |
|
| Quarterly Evaluation Report (QUARTEVAL), 1 April-30 June 1969. |
20 AUG 1969 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
MILITARY ASSISTANCE COMMAND VIETNAM SAN FRANCISCO CALIF 96222
|
| The Quarterly Evaluation Report (QUARTEVAL) provides MACV senior commander, CINCPAC, JCS and other interested agencies with a summary and an evaluation of military operations in the Republic of Vietnam. The report consists of overall descriptions and evaluations of friendly and enemy activities, followed by details of military operations and the status of pacification activities and logistics. The annexes contain supporting statistical data and serve to amplify the evaluations and to ... |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division |
20 AUG 1969 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Contents: Command, Operations, Training, Chemical, Intelligence, Personnel, Logistics, Civil affairs, Psychological operation, Medical, Signal, Engineer, Army Aviation, Information, Organization, Maintenance, and Safety. |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. |
18 AUG 1969 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| During this period the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment continued Operation MONTANA RAIDER. The 11th ACR began Operation Kentucky cougar and was continuing this operation at the end of the reporting period. |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 222d Aviation Battalion, (Combat). |
16 AUG 1969 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| The Battalion continued daily support of operations with tasks including combat assault and combat support. Missions included airlift of troops, equipment, supplies and vehicles. |
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 13th Aviation Battalion (Combat). |
14 AUG 1969 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
|
| Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 212th Combat Aviation Battalion. |
12 AUG 1969 |
|
| Authors:
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON D C
|
| The unit mission of the 131st Aviation Company (Surveillance Airplane) was expanded to include two additional Infra-red and one additional Side Looking Airborne Radar missions. Results of operations conducted during this quarter by subordinate units in sorties flown, troops lifted, cargo transported, enemy killed by air, sampans and structures destroyed, and aircraft lost or damaged are presented. |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE
