| Comparisons of Monthly Mean 10 M Wind Speeds from Satellites and NWP Products Over the Global Ocean |
09-Oct-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charlie Barron; E J Metzger; Alan J Wallcraft; Ahmet B Kara; R Pauley; M Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | The accuracy of wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface from two satellite and three numerical weather prediction (NWP) products is investigated over the global ocean. Rain-free equivalent neutral winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) are converted to stability-dependent winds to be consistent with those from NWP products and are taken as truth in comparisons to winds from other products. Quantitative statistical analyses presented at each grid point ... |
|
| Surface Wind Field Analyses of Tropical Cyclones During TCS-08: Relative Impacts of Aircraft and Remotely-Sensed Observations |
Sep-2009 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick J Havel; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| The objective of this research is to investigate tropical cyclone wind field structure and development utilizing comprehensive observation sets collected during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) and The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). Rare aircraft measurements in the western North Pacific are utilized to define surface wind distributions of TY Nuri, TY Sinlaku, and STY Jangmi. Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) surface ... |
|
| Comparisons of Monthly Mean 10 m Wind Speeds from Satellites and NWP Products over the Global Ocean |
Aug-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
E J Metzger; A J Wallcraft; C N Barron; A B Kara; R L Pauley; M A Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The accuracy of wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface from two satellite and three numerical weather prediction (NWP) products is investigated over the global ocean. Rain-free equivalent neutral winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) are converted to stability-dependent winds to be consistent with those from NWP products and are taken as truth in comparisons to winds from other products. Quantitative statistical analyses presented at each grid point ... |
|
| A Probabilistic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) |
01-Sep-2008 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth A Wallace; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) are set at DoD installations in the Western Pacific to convey the risk associated with the onset of destructive winds from approaching tropical cyclones. In this thesis, the methods by which TCCOR are set were analyzed to determine if objective and/or probabilistic guidance could improve the process. The Tropical Prediction Utility (TPU) was developed by forecasters at Yokosuka, JA and the Joint Typhoon Warning ... |
|
| Effects of Wind Speed on Aerosol Spray Penetration in Adult Mosquito Bioassay Cages |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley K Fritz; W C Hoffman; Muhammad Farooq; Miriam F Cooperband; NAVY ENTOMOLOGY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE JACKSONVILLE FL
|
| Bioassay cages are commonly used to assess efficacy of insecticides against adult mosquitoes in the field. To correlate adult mortality readings to insecticidal efficacy and/or spray application parameters properly, it is important to know how the cage used in the bioassay interacts with the spray cloud containing the applied insecticide. This study compared the size of droplets, wind speed, and amount of spray material penetrating cages and outside of cages ... |
|
| Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (DASH): Concept and Experimental Demonstration |
10 OCT 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Christoph R. Englert; David D. Babcock; John M. Harlander; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV
|
| We describe the concept of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH) and present a laboratory Doppler-shift measurement using an infrared laser line. DASH is a modification of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy optimized for high precision, high accuracy Doppler-shift measurements of atmospheric emission lines either from the ground or a satellite. We discuss DASH design considerations, field widening, thermal stability and tracking, noise propagation, advantages, and trade-offs. DASH interferometers do not require ... |
|
| Acoustic Tomography of the Atmosphere |
31 MAY 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
V. E. Ostashev; G. H. Goedecke; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES
|
| In this project, theoretical foundations for construction and operation of the state-of-the-art array for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere were developed. (The array was built at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory under the ARO sponsorship, project DAAD19-03-1-0341.) First, the travel times of sound propagation between different pairs of sources and receivers of the array were expressed in terms of the temperature and wind velocity fields within the tomographic volume. Then, a ... |
|
| Wind Speed Variability over the Marmara Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; Ewa Jarosz; Mark Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Between 2000 and 2006, wind speed measurements were collected over the Marmara Sea by the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite at a spatial resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees. Relatively small interannual variability was noted in monthly mean wind speeds. Typically. wind speed during the summer was weaker by approximately 2 m/s than that observed in winter. This remotely sensed wind data set is intended for various air-sea interaction ... |
|
| Wind Speed Accuracy Near the Coastal Boundaries of the Mediterranean Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Birol Kara; Alan S. Wallcraft; Harley E. Hurlburt; E. J. Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The atmospheric model grid from NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) products tend to include land values over the ocean in near coastal regions. This is due to improper land-masks of the NWP products. causing serious errors in wind speed for coastal applications. Possible corrections are introduced to overcome such problems. |
|
| Spectral Analysis of Polarimetric Weather Radar Data With Multiple Processes in a Resolution Volume |
Apr-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Svetlana Bachmann; Victor DeBrunner; Dusan Zrnic; Mark Yeary; COOPERATIVE INST FOR MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES NORMAN OK
|
| A new approach for the clear air velocity estimation in weather radar is presented. A combination of nonparametric with parametric spectral analyses allows us to identify and extract multiple processes caused by different scatterer types within a single radar resolution volume. An example of clear air observed using an S-band dual polarization radar is presented. Heretofore, migrating birds and wind-blown insects that are mixed within each resolution volume caused such ... |
|
| Application of Creeping Sea-Fill Methodology to the Wind Speed over the Caspian Sea |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Murat Gunduz; Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; E. J. Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Numerical weather prediction (NWP) products include possible errors near coastal regions. The effects of such errors on near-surface wind speed, which is one of the critical variables for coastal applications, are investigated over the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, a creeping sea-fill methodology developed by Kara, Wallcraft, and Hurlburt was applied to the coarse resolution (1.125 degrees x 1.125 degrees) wind speed data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range ... |
|
| The Application of Sea Level Pressure and Vorticity Fields derived from the University of Washington Planetary Boundary Layer Model in the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Von; Joan M Ahn; Joseph M Sienkiewicz; Gregory M McFadden; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION CAMP SPRINGS MD OCEAN PREDICTION CENTER
|
| The SeaWinds scatterometer onboard the NASA QuikSCAT satellite has been providing forecasters in the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) with Near-Real Time (NRT) ocean vector winds over large ocean areas since 1999. Although QuikSCAT's impact on the analysis and forecast process has been significant to the short-term wind warning process, this positive impact has not carried over to the analysis of the sea level pressure field over the open oceans. In ... |
|
| The Feasibility of Sodar Wind Profile Measurements from an Oceanographic Buoy |
SEP 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Allison M. Berg; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
 | This thesis explores the feasibility of making wind speed profile measurements from an oceanographic buoy using a Doppler sodar. In the fall of 2005, we deployed a Scintec SFAS sodar on an ASIS buoy. Roughly one week of buoy motion data and one day of sodar observations were collected. Data from both this deployment, and the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory, were used in conjunction with models to predict sodar performance. ... |
|
| Validation of National Data Buoy Center Directional Wave Measurements Using Swell Waves from Distant Storms |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Chung-Chu Teng; Theodore Mettlach; WESTERN CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV DANBURY CT DEPT OF PHYSICS ASTRONOMY AND METEOROLOGY
|
| Accuracy of swell wave direction measurements derived from Datawell Hippy 40-second Mark II and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) angular rate sensor (ARS) are determined using two NDBC west coast stations: 46042 in Monterey Bay and 46028 near Cape San Martin. These are located in deep water 66 nautical miles apart off the central coast of California. Hippy and ARS spectral wave directions are compared to corresponding directions inferred from ... |
|
| Leeway of Submarine Escape Rafts and Submarine Emergency Positioning Beacons |
JUL 2006 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Turner; Thomas Waddington; John Morris; Vladimir Osychny; Pamela Luey; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| The leeway behavior of Submarine Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (SEPIRBs) and Mark-10 Submarine Escape and Immersion Equipment (SEIE) life rafts was measured for use in search and rescue planning. SEIE and SEPIRB drift targets were outfitted with position tracking equipment, and one raft was also equipped with a current profiler. The targets were deployed and tracked along with Self-Locating Datum Marker Buoys (SLDMBs) under generally heavy wind and sea ... |
|
| A Statistical Approach to WindSat Ocean Surface Wind Vector Retrieval |
JAN 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Craig K. Smith; Michael Bettenhausen; Peter W. Gaiser; COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS INC SPRINGFIELD VA
|
| WindSat is the first space-based polarimetric microwave radiometer. It is designed to evaluate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure ocean surface wind vectors from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder, which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. The channel set also enables retrieval of sea surface temperature, and columnar water vapor ... |
|
| Wavenumber Spectrum of Intermediate-Scale Ocean Surface Waves |
10 AUG 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Hwang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This paper presents an analysis of the wavenumber spectra of intermediate-scale waves (wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 meters) under various sea-state conditions. The main result of the analysis is that the dependence of the dimensionless wave spectrum on the dimensionless wind-friction velocity follows a power-law function. The coefficient and exponent of the power-law function vary systematically with the wavenumber. The wavenumber dependence of the coefficient and exponent serves as an ... |
|
| Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ian S. Adams; Christopther C. Hennon; W. L. Jones; Khalil Ahmad; MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING CONSULTANTS COCOA BEACH FL
|
| WindSat is the world's first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004, the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by ... |
|
| Evaluation of COAMPS Forecasting Performance of Along Coast Wind Events During Frontal Passages |
MAR 2005 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Carl S. James; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Performance of high resolution mesoscale models has been in a continuous state of refinement since their inception. Mesoscale models have become quite skillful in forecasting synoptic scale events such as mid-latitude cyclones. However, atmospheric forcing becomes a much more complicated process when faced with the challenge of forecasting near topography along the coastline. Phenomena such as gap flows, blocked flow winds and low level stratification become important to predictability at ... |
|
| Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Drag Coefficient of a Developing Sea Under Steady Wind-Forcing |
2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Hwang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Field data indicate convincingly that the drag coefficient of the ocean surface is sea-state dependent. As a result, under steady forcing by a constant wind velocity the wind stress on the ocean surface varies with time. It also varies with space if the wave development is limited by fetch. A quantitative estimation of the temporal and spatial variation of the wind stress produced by a constant wind velocity is presented. ... |
|
| Urban Effects on Transport and Diffusion of Smokes and Toxic Agents |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
D. M. Garvey; C. L. Klipp; S. S. Chang; G. D. Huynh; C. C. Williamson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| With the recent emphasis on military operations in urban domains, the Army is concerned with the city environment and its effects on systems, sensors, and personnel. The Joint Urban 2003 (JUT) project, a cooperative undertaking to study turbulent transport and diffusion in the atmospheric boundary layer conducted in Oklahoma City in the summer of 2003, afforded the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) the opportunity to leverage the capabilities of the Atmospheric ... |
|
| Evaluations of Global Wind Prediction at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center: from the Perspective of a Wave Modeler |
10 NOV 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
W. E. Rogers; David Wang; Larry Hsu; Paul Wittmann; Michael Clancy; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This study describes the validation of winds fields used in a companion study ("Evaluation of global wave prediction at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center," submitted for review). During this validation, it is found that conventional methods of estimating the distribution of bias across wind speeds can produce widely misleading conclusions. This is demonstrated, and a simple solution (histogram comparisons without geographic interpolation) is presented. |
|
| An Assessment of NOGAPS Performance in Polar Forecasting from Sheba Data |
SEP 2004 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Aaron D. Lana; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This study evaluates the latest Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) version 4.0 with a comparison to data collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) project from October 1997 to October 1998. In particular, three periods from this year long study were the focus and included, a winter, spring, and summer case. For each of these cases the first 24-hour period of the forecasts were analyzed ... |
|
| Uncertainty in Acoustic Mine Detection Due to Environmental Variability |
2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Peter C. Chu; Nick A. Vares; Ruth E. Keenan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Uncertainty in acoustic bottom target detection due to environmental variability for a shallow sea (30 m water depth) is investigated using the Navy's Comprehensive Acoustic Simulation System/Gaussian Ray Bundle model for a generic Very High Frequency (VHF) forward looking sonar. The effects of imprecise bottom type and wind speed data are evaluated to determine the impact of this variability on bottom target detection. The acoustic uncertainty due to the wind ... |
|
| Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements |
15 NOV 2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Heelis; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON CENTERFOR SPACE SCIENCES
|
| This report summarizes activities related to the development of a sensor to measure the in-situ neutral wind from a satellite in low-earth orbit. This development work sponsored by the Air Force allowed a credible proposal for flight instrumentation to be submitted to NASA. That proposal was subsequently funded and paved the way for a collaborative investigation of ion- neutral coupling of scientific and technical value to both NASA and the ... |
|
| A Relationship between Atmospheric Rain Reflectivity and Elevation Variance due to Drop Impact on the Sea Surface |
Sep-2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
L F Bliven; C Craeye; P Sobieski; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WALLOPS ISLAND VA WALLOPS FLIGHT CENTER
|
| The additional surface roughness created by drops impacting the sea surface can bias wind speed estimates obtained from satellite scatterometric measurements. The additional roughness essentially depends on the rain content in very large drops. The estimate of this contribution will be highly dependent on the model chosen for the drop size distribution. However, it has been observed that the reflectivity of the drops falling in the atmosphere has a drop ... |
|
| Environmental Fate of Toxic Chemicals on Surface Materials in Laboratory Wind Tunnels: Measured and Computed Wind Speeds and Flow Fields |
01-Jul-2003 |
|
| Authors:
Wendel Shuely; Daniel Weber; John Molnar; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| An understanding of the fate and effects of chemical agents on material surfaces under environmental conditions is becoming critical as the probability of contamination increases for military and civilian airports and seaports and Homeland targets. The methodology is not available for measuring the fundamental evaporation, desorption, and decomposition of chemical agents as a function of time in a controlled laboratory wind tunnel. The methodologies under development can be classified by ... |
|
| Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements |
16 MAY 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Heelis; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON CENTERFOR SPACE SCIENCES
|
| The final preparatory work toward the functional design of a flight sensor for neutral wind measurements has been completed. Extensive laboratory testing has been followed by digital control design that will allow the input drivers and the output currents to be assembled for delivery to the ground. A flexible format for energy discrimination in the retarding potential analyzer must allow for the expected geophysical variation in the velocity and temperature ... |
|
| Airwake Simulation of Modified TTCP/SFS Ship |
MAR 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Tsze C. Tai; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD
|
| Recent work on airwake simulation based on the steady-state solution to Navier-Stokes equations provides reasonably accurate flow field results that are useful to supplement experimental measurements which otherwise would be more costly and time-consuming. Work on airwake of a special configuration, the Simplified Frigate Shape (SFS), as defined by The Technical Co-operative Program (TTCP) panel, is aimed at validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Simulated airwake results based on steady-state ... |
|
| Long Range Forecast Possibilities for X-Band Radar Construction on Shemya |
24 MAY 2002 |
140 pages |
| Authors:
Brian K. Schroeder; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) plans to construct, during a two- week period, an X-Band Radar (XBR) on Shemya, AK. Wind speeds must not, at any time during the construction, exceed a 25 knot limit set by the MDA for lifting the massive dome panels into place. The goal of this research was to explore the possibilities of long-range forecasts to determine the feasibility of predicting any upcoming two-week windows ... |
|
| Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements |
15 MAY 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Heelis; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS
|
| This report describes progress made in the development of novel new sensors to measure the thermospheric neutral wind velocity from space. The measurements depend upon the supersonic velocity of the spacecraft to determine a velocity vector from measurement of the kinetic energy of the gas along the sensor look direction and the angle of arrival of the gas with respect to that look direction. Two sensors are utilized; one to ... |
|
| Antenna Design, Modeling, and Testing on the WindSat Satellite Wind Direction Measurement System |
29 MAR 2002 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Wendy Lippincott; Ted Gutwein; Peter Gaiser; Homer Bartlett; Mike Smythers; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| WindSat is a remote sensing spacecraft designed to be a spaceborne demonstration of passive microwave polarimetry to measure ocean surface wind speed and direction. Polarimetric radiometry measures the Stokes vector, which provides information needed to retrieve the ocean wind vector. The design, modeling, and measurement of the reflector antenna system used to perform the radiometry will be discussed in this report. |
|
| The Momentum Flux Balance at the Sea Surface |
2002 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Donald Resio; Charles Long; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICSLAB
|
| Today, second- and third-generation wave models are used for many applications around the world. From the design of coastal structures to proper regional sediment management and from estimates of mixing in the upper ocean to the efficient routing of ships across oceans, the accuracy of these models has critical importance. However, following the development of the WAM model in the mid- to late 1980s, there has been little effort focused ... |
|
| An Experimental Test to Compare Viability of Various Theories of Atmospheric Velocity Fluctuations |
25 JUN 2001 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Edmond M. Dewan; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Several theories of velocity fluctuations in the atmosphere are discussed in the context of the horizontal wavenumber power spectral density (PSD). The main purpose of this report is to provide an experimental method to decide the question of which of these various theories are viable. The presently existing explanations of this PSD fall into the following categories: (a) quasi- two-dimensional turbulence theories as proposed by Gage and by Lilly; (b) ... |
|
| Shear Stress and Sediment Resuspension in Canopy-and Meadow-Forming Submersed Macrophyte Communities |
JUN 2001 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; John W. Barko; Malcolm G. Butler; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note examines the impact of differing biomass levels and plant architectural types on bottom shear stress and sediment resuspension in shallow systems. Studies were conducted at Lake Christina, Minnesota, in late August-early September 1998, when macrophyte biomass levels exceeded 200 g/m2 and in June 2000, when biomass was greatly reduced (<20 g/m2). The macrophyte beds that were studied were dominated by either a canopy-forming species (Myriophyllum sibiricum) or ... |
|
| The Role of Wind Gusts in the Near-Ground Atmosphere |
DEC 2000 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
D. K. Wilson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Gusts from boundary-layer-scale convective eddies modify the structure of the atmospheric surface layer by intermittently intensifying or diminishing the local wind speed. A simple model for the effects of these gusts is proposed, based on the following two assumptions: (1) the wind gusts have an isotropic Gaussian probability distribution with standard deviation proportional to W* (the convective velocity scale) and (2) the surface-layer wind and temperature profiles attain local equilibrium ... |
|
| Sediment Resuspension Dynamics in Canopy- and Meadow-Forming Submersed Macrophyte Communities |
JUN 2000 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; John W. Barko; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| We examined the impacts of macrophyte beds dominated by a canopy- forming (Myriophyllum sibiricum) and a meadow-forming (Chara) species on shear stress near the sediment interface and resuspension in the large (1,620 ha) and shallow (1.25 m) lake Cristina, Minnesota. The surface sediments in the vicinity of an adjacent M. sibiricum and Chara station, located in the northern region of the lake, exhibited a high moisture content ... |
|
| A Neural Network Solution to Predicting Wind Speed at Cape Canaveral's Atlas Launch Pad |
MAR 2000 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth P. Cloys; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| This thesis demonstrates the potential for using time-delay neural networks to provide Launch Weather Officers (LWOs) at 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS) with advance warning of wintertime (November-March) peak wind speeds at the Atlas launch pad. The 45 WS provides weather support to the United States space program at Cape Canaveral Air Station, NASA's Kennedy Space Center, and Patrick Air Force Base. Due to the ... |
|
| Use of Climatology to Predict Maximum Wintertime Wind Speeds at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Station |
MAR 2000 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa K. Coleman; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| This thesis uses statistical analysis to forecast the probability of meeting or exceeding the maximum allowable wind speeds for each of the launch pads at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS). Wind data were collected from the Weather Information Network Display System (WINDS), a collection of 47 meteorological towers located throughout KSC and CCAS, over a period of five winters. ... |
|
| Derivation of Forcing Functions for Monte Carlo Atmospheric Gust Loads Analysis |
JUL 1999 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
B. H. Sako; M. C. Kim; A. M. Kabe; W. K. Yeung; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP
|
| A methodology developed to derive forcing functions from the turbulent component of measured wind profiles for a new Monte Carlo gust loads analysis approach is described. Several large sets of forcing functions were developed by extracting the short-duration, random component of measured Jimsphere wind profiles. A database consisting of Jimsphere wind soundings measured over the past three decades at the Eastern and Western Ranges of ... |
|
| Identifying Slowly-Varying and Turbulent Wind Features for Flight Loads Analyses |
JUL 1999 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Spiekermann; B. H. Sako; A. M. Kabe; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP
|
| A methodology developed to determine the spectral boundary between the slowly-varying components and the more rapidly varying, or turbulent components, of measured wind profiles is presented. Pairs of measured wind velocity versus altitude profiles from the Eastern and Western launch ranges of the United States were used to establish the vertical wavelengths which could no longer be considered slowly varying over discrete time intervals. Analyses were ... |
|
| On Momentum Flux and Velocity Spectra Over Waves |
MAY 1999 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Drennan; Kimmo K. Kahma; Mark A. Donelan; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL
|
| Data from a research tower in Lake Ontario are used to study the validity of Monin-Obukhov scaling in the marine atmospheric boundary layer under various wave conditions. It is found that over pure wind seas, the velocity spectra and cospectra follow established universal scaling laws. However in the presence of swells outrunning weak winds, velocity spectra and cospectra no longer satisfy universal spectral shapes. Here, Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, and the ... |
|
| Modeling and Analysis of Adjacent Grid Point Wind Speed Profiles within and Above a Forest Canopy |
APR 1999 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Arnold Tunick; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Adjacent grid point profile data from the canopy coupled to the surface layer (C-CSL) model are examined to illustrate the model's capability to represent effects of the surface boundary on wind flow. Vertical cross sections of the wind field and contours of derived momentum flux data are presented. Depictions of the vegetation morphology and terrain elevation data are also given for the areas studied. The C-CSL model provided data for ... |
|
| Forecasting Downdraft Wind Speeds Associated with Airmass Thunderstorms for Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado, Using the WSR-88D |
MAR 1999 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
Travis A. Steen; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| During the period Jun-Aug 96, four Air Force installations suffered over $4.8 million in damage from convective winds. During the same summer, Air Force Space Command units issued nearly 65% of their weather warnings for convective winds, making the forecasting of convective winds the most frequent challenge to forecasters. This thesis seeks to assist Air Force forecasters at Peterson Air Force Base (PAFB), Colorado, in ... |
|
| Using the WSR-88D to Forecast Downburst Winds at Cape Canaveral Air Station and the Kennedy Space Center (CCAS/KSC) |
MAR 1999 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald D. Sullivva; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| The 45 Weather Squadron is tasked with providing several convective wind warnings in support of the U. S. Space Program. The forecasters use a radar-based forecast technique to determine if a thunderstorm has the potential to produce a gust that meets warning criteria. This technique, the Echo Top/ Vertically Integrated Liquid Wind Gust Potential (ET/VIL WGP), has not previously been evaluated for use in the ... |
|
| Ponce de Leon Inlet, Florida, Site Investigation Report 1, Selected Portions of Long-Term Measurements, 1995-1997 |
JAN 1999 |
189 pages |
| Authors:
David B. King Jr; Jane M. Smith; Adele Militello; Donald K. Stauble; Terry N. Waller; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Inlets Research Program, conducted a long-term comprehensive monitoring program at Ponce de Leon Inlet, Florida, beginning in September 1995 and ending in October 1997. The monitoring program consisted of multiple gauge sites to collect data on wave height, wave period, wave direction, water level, current velocity, and wind velocity. Additional data were obtained through bathymetry surveys, the collection ... |
|
| Technical Evaluation of Constructing Wind and Wave Climatologies Using Spaceborne Altimeter Output with a Demonstration Study in the Yellow and East China Seas |
10 NOV 1998 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Hwang; William J. Teaque; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The density of data output from spaceborne altimeters is an impressive 7-km alongtrack. This is an excellent data source to the study of global and regional wind and wave conditions. A technical evaluation of constructing regional climatologies of winds and waves is presented. The accuracy of the measurements is summarized from several earlier comparison studies. The results indicate that the wind speeds and wave heights measured by satellite altimeters are ... |
|
| Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) Target Area Wind Speed Validation Over WSMR, NM Initial Results |
OCT 1998 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
David I. Knapp; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) was run on a 200 MHz Pentium PC using initialization and verification data collected during November and December 1974 at WSMR, NM. BFM target area artillery wind speed forecasts were verified at two locations on the northern pan of the range. For these cases, the BFM was initialized using data from up to seven southern range locations. Gridded BFM output at ... |
|
| Method for Remotely Determining Sea Surface Roughness and Wind Speed at a Water Surface. |
15 SEP 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth D. Anderson; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
|
| Transmitted signals are used to remotely assess sea surface roughness and hence wind speed at a water surface. A signal is transmitted from a signal source as it moves either through air or space. A land- or sea-based antenna receives the signal directly from the signal source and indirectly from the signal source by way of reflection of the signal from the surface being examined. The sum of the directly ... |
|
| Atmospheric Model Development for MLRS |
15 MAY 1998 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Oskar M. Essenwanger; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE
|
| This report is divided into 5 letter reports covering the required scope of work tasks. The first task was the determination of the frequency distribution of 2, 3, and 4 rn/sec wind speed at the surface, 199 and 1000 m elevation for 2 Korean stations (Tab;Tables lOS -1.1 and 1.2). Tables 108 - 1.3 to 1.5 display the conditions for the same thresholds for other climatic regimes, standardized here. We ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
*WIND VELOCITY
