| Windblast Test of High-Altitude Flying Outfit A/P22S-4. |
AUG 1970 |
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| Authors:
John R. Hochwalt; AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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 | An investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of windblast on the A/P22S-4 High Altitude Flying Outfit during simulated pilot ejection at a maximum sea-level flight Mach number of 0.91 (600 Knots). Two A/P22S-4 Outfits were tested. The integrity of both outfits was satisfactorily demonstrated, although slight damage resulted. The test further demonstrated that velcro tape is a satisfactory substitute for the lacing cord currently used for fastening the exterior ... |
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| Mesoscale Studies of Instability Patterns and Winds in the Tropics. |
DEC 1969 |
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| Authors:
Harold P. Gerrish; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE CORAL GABLES FL RADAR MET EOROLOGICAL LAB
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| The trade-wind inversion and other rapidly drying layers in the lower troposphere over Miami are studied using a diagnostic technique based upon the vertical gradient of atmospheric refractivity. The resulting climatology is presented and discussed. Fluctuations in 10-cm radar video from a diffuse evening angel pattern are analyzed using spectral techniques. The resulting motions suggest that this type of angel provides a convenient tracer for short-period atmospheric waves. A model ... |
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| MEASURING AVERAGE WIND SPEED, |
02 SEP 1969 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
V. Yu. Torochkov; V. Yu. Torochkov; D. Ya. Surazhskii; D. Ya. Surazhskii; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
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 | An investigation was made of the transient response of rotating windmill and cup anemometers. In general, the experiments confirmed the contention that rotating anemometers indicate the average wind velocity as being higher or lower than the actual value, depending on the circumstances. The cause for this discrepancy is the difference in the effective aerodynamic moments during the acceleration and the deceleration of the rotor. The comparison of ... |
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| DETERMINATION OF AIR DENSITY, TEMPERATURE AND WINDS AT HIGH ALTITUDE. |
AUG 1968 |
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| Authors:
Gerald V. Groves; UNIVERSITY COLL LONDON (ENGLAND) DEPT OF PHYSICS
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| The report reviews (i) the development of techniques for extending and improving wind and temperature measurement, particularly above 90 km, and for refining measurements below 90 km; (ii) the experimental results and their interpretation from 22 rocket launches in the USA, Australia, Pakistan, Sardinia and Sweden; and (iii) the analysis of global wind and temperature data. (Author) |
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| EVERGLADES WIND VARIABILITY VS SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY. |
JUL 1968 |
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| Authors:
Laurence J. Budney; ARMY ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT MONMOUTH N J
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| Pibal wind data were collected in the Florida Everglades in support of field tests. From these wind data it was hoped to determine the relationship between wind variability and stability as represented by the intensity of solar radiation at the surface of the earth. A variation in the wind, as defined in this study, is the magnitude of the vector difference between the wind velocities which occurred on two different ... |
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| AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PREDICTION OF STRONG WINDS ASSOCIATED WITH COLD FRONTS IN THE YUPEH REGION (NORTHERN HONAN) IN SPRING. |
SEP 1967 |
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| Authors:
Zhong-ji Zhu; Xue-mei Hu; Zeng-Fu Chen; Nai-fu Ji; Hong-wen Xu; EMMANUEL COLL BOSTON MASS ORIENTAL SCIENCE LIBRARY
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| This paper presents an analysis of the occurrence of strong winds over the region of Kaifeng, Chengchow and Hsinhsiang in Honan Province with respect to orographic conditions. The effect of pressure gradient, the characteristics of the low-level frontal zone and the turbulent exchange on wind speed and the relationship between the flow pattern ahead of the front and the wind speed behind it were also discussed. The synoptic situations associated ... |
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| MEASUREMENT OF WIND SHEAR. |
SEP 1967 |
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| Authors:
Norman S. Phillips; TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
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| Initial research was conducted into establishing the requirements for simulating a wind shear sufficient to calibrate a wind shear probe. The problem areas are outlined and future study areas mentioned. The electrical and electronic components have been up-dated and changes incorporated. Revised instrumentation was constructed, tested, and prepared for field tests. Probe structural modifications were completed and a new parachute recovery system designed and fabricated. All probes were made ready ... |
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| A COMPARISON OF FOUR NON-DIVERGENT WIND FIELDS. |
SEP 1967 |
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| Authors:
Richard Brian Brodehl; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The paper is concerned with the comparison of four different non-divergent wind fields obtained from a single geopotential height field over a dense data area. After developing the divergence equation of the non-divergent stream function, four different stream functions are obtained by modification and/or deletion from the basic equation. Isotach patterns for each stream function are computed. A comparison of the four stream function patterns and their corresponding isotach patterns ... |
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| WIND MIXING AT ARGUS ISLAND. |
SEP 1967 |
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| Authors:
Edward L. Corton; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE NSTL STATION MS
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| A new wind mixing formula is derived for ARGUS ISLAND, located in 192 feet of water on Plantagenet Bank. The formula indicates that the summer layer depth is deeper over the Bank than in nearby deep water, when wind speed is less than about 15 to 18 knots, and shallower at higher wind speeds. (Author) |
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| AREAS WITH EXTREME VERTICAL MOMENTUM SHEAR, |
04 AUG 1967 |
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| Authors:
Herbert Riehl; NAVY WEATHER RESEARCH FACILITY NORFOLK VA
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| Synoptic patterns of extreme shear of momentum along the vertical are investigated in relation to the concentration of the temperature field at 500 mb. For the United States, it was found in a study of two winters' data that all extreme momentum soundings were contained within an envelope in which the 500-mb. temperature gradient is at least 10 C./3.5 degrees latitude. The probability of occurrence of these critical temperature gradient ... |
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| AEROSPACE APPLICATION OF GUN LAUNCHED PROJECTILES AND ROCKETS, |
20 MAR 1967 |
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| Authors:
Charles H. Murphy; Gerald V. Bull; MCGILL UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC) SPACE RESEARCH INST
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| Project High Altitude Research Program (HARP) is directed toward the use of guns for scientific probing of the upper atmosphere. The attractive features of guns for this purpose are the basic economy of such a system and the high inherent accuracy of guns for placement at altitude as well as accuracy in ground impact. The basic liability for such an approach lies in the very high acceleration experienced by gun-launched ... |
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| MESOSCALE STUDIES OF INSTABILITY PATTERNS AND WINDS IN THE TROPICS. |
MAR 1967 |
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| Authors:
Harold P. Gerrish; MIAMI UNIV FLA RADAR METEOROLOGICAL LAB
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| The report summarizes additional work on the extremely heavy South Florida rainstorm that produced more than twenty-one inches of rain in twelve hours on 14 October 1965. Although a tremendous amount of moisture converged into the area at 850 mb with relatively large vertical motions and attending divergence aloft, repeated attention was also drawn to that part of the atmosphere near the melting level. Moisture analysis revealed that the transport ... |
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| DETERMINATION OF A REPRESENTATIVE WIND PROFILE FROM BALLOON DATA, |
DEC 1966 |
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| Authors:
Manuel Armendariz; Henry Rachele; ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE N MEX
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| Wind profiles derived from tracking 100-gram balloons and Jimspheres were subjected to power spectral analysis to determine the frequencies corresponding to instrumental noise, self-induced balloon oscillations, and the wind profile. In this analysis, a smoothing technique using a truncated Fourier series effectively filtered out the unwanted portion of the spectrum without attenuating the desired portion. Sample wind profiles showing the effect of using a 17-point binomial smoothing as well as ... |
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| COMPUTATION OF WIND VELOCITIES USING TRACKING DATA. |
NOV 1966 |
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| Authors:
Nathan S. Scarritt; NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV LAS CRUCES
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| Methods for computing wind velocities using tracking data from pilot balloons are discussed and compared with an emphasis on speed of computation. (Author) |
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| SIMULATION OF WIND FIELDS OVER POINT ARGUELLO, CALIFORNIA, BY WIND-TUNNEL FLOW OVER A TOPOGRAPHIC MODEL. |
NOV 1966 |
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| Authors:
J. E. Cermak; Jon Peterka; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS FLUID DYNAMICS AND DIFFUSION LAB
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| Stably stratified flow over a 1:12,000 scale model at Point Arguello, California was studied. Mean temperature, mean velocity and mean concentration distributions obtained for the laboratory flow were compared with available field data collected at the site. These comparisons revealed that the geometrical, dynamic and thermal similarity were sufficiently achieved to give similar mean flow patterns, temperature distributions and concentration decay rates for diffusing tracers. The data revealed that a ... |
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| ON THE THEORY OF WIND MEASUREMENT WITH INCOHERENT RADAR, |
01 JUL 1966 |
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| Authors:
Walter H. Lob; NORTHEASTERN UNIV BOSTON MASS DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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| The ideas of Atlas and Wexler on wind measurement using a dual-beam incoherent radar have been extended. An alternate theory for this measurement technique is presented. It is shown that the normalized Doppler spectrum can be obtained by convolving the normalized contamination spectrum (shifted by the radial component of the wind) with the normalized antenna pattern (stretched by the tangential component of the wind). This approach allows the following generalizations ... |
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| WIND SHEAR CALCULATIONS FOR SMALL SHEAR LAYERS, |
JUN 1966 |
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| Authors:
Manuel Armendariz; Laurence J. Rider; ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE N MEX
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| Wind shear computed from data obtained at Cape Kennedy using a Jimsphere wind sensor and an AN/FPS-16 radar to track the sensor is compared with wind shear computed from three other wind measuring systems: namely, rawinsonde, rocketsonde, and Contraves cinetheodolite. This comparison indicates that the Jimsphere winds were subjected to considerable smoothing. In particular, the slope of a line on a log-log representation depicting the exponential relationship between layer thickness ... |
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| METEOROLOGICAL-TOWER INDUCED WIND-FIELD PERTURBATIONS. |
OCT 1965 |
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| Authors:
G. Hsi; J. E. Cermak; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS FLUID MECHANICS PROGRAM
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| The objective of this study was to determine how the presence of a typical meteorological tower disturbs the local wind pattern. This study provides data which can be used to correct wind speeds measured by anemometers in the field. Experimental results in this paper are based on data taken upstream of, around, and downstream from a 1:4 scale model of a 20 ft segment of the prototype tower. (Author) |
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| UPPER ATMOSPHERE WINDS FROM GUN LAUNCHED VERTICAL PROBES (BARBADOS, JULY 1964-AUGUST 1965), |
AUG 1965 |
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| Authors:
Robert N. Fuller; SPACE INSTRUMENTS RESEARCH INC ATLANTA GA*
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| During the period July 1964 to August 1965, eighteen luminous trails were produced between 87km and 121km by the release of tri-methyl aluminum from projectiles fired from a smoothbore sixteen-inch gun located on the West Indian island of Barbados (57.5 degrees W, 13.1 degrees N). These trails were photographed from neighboring islands and analyzed to yield wind profiles. Four such trails were produced in July 1964, five in March 1965, ... |
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| THE CONSTANCY OF THE WINDS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE AND CONSTANT-LEVEL BALLOON FLIGHT PLANNING. |
JUN 1965 |
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| Authors:
George F. Nolan; AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABS L G HANSCOM FIELD MASS
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| Values of constancy of the wind at the 30-mb level over most of North America, derived from coefficients of variation of the wind, are analyzed for each month. High values of constancy exist during the summer months with low values appearing in apparently well-defined patterns during the other months. These patterns of low constancy values, called areas of maximum wind variability, are especially persistent over the western United States during ... |
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| TROPICAL UPPER AIR STUDIES. PART I. PERSISTENCE OF THE DAILY STRATOSPHERIC WINDS IN THE TROPICS. PART II. LONG-PERIOD WIND FLUCTUATIONS IN THE TROPICS. |
01 APR 1964 |
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| Authors:
A. D. Belmont; W. C. Shen; D. G. Dartt; GENERAL MILLS INC MINNEAPOLIS MINN
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| The persistence of tropical 50 mb daily wind direction and speed along with the daily zonal component was computed to determine the interval over which a wind observation may be regarded as 'independent'. Monthly means of the zonal component were determined using only 'independent observations' and then compared to monthly means based on all available data. Long period fluctuations of the stratospheric zonal winds in the tropics were examined to ... |
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| ON THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF KINETIC ENERGY OVER A CIRCUMPOLAR AREA OF A SPHERE. |
31 DEC 1963 |
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| Authors:
F. Mesinger; TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE DARMSTADT (GERMANY)
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| Two possibilities for the two-dimensional spectral analysis of kinetic energy of flow-fields (on spherical earth) are discussed: one using the associated Legendre polynomials for meridional representation, and the other the sin functions with a latitude-dependent amplitude factor. The latter method is applied to the analysis of some 500 mb observed and barotropically predicted wind fields. The obtained two-dimensional and resulting onedimensional spectral distributions are described. A fair similarity is observed ... |
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| STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF ROUTE WINDS FOR THE AIR ROUTE FROM CHRISTCHRUCH, NEW ZEALAND, TO MCMURDO, ANTARTICA, FROM LIMITED DATA. |
NOV 1963 |
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| Authors:
C. Eugene Buell; KAMAN NUCLEAR COLORADO SPRINGS COLO
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| The method used to obtain estimates of the regression coefficients in linear relations to compute route wind components from limited data is described in some detail. The input data is confined to observations of height and wind at two points near the route concerned, from Christchurch, New Zealand, to McMurdo Air Base, Antarctica. It is virtually impossible to obtain adequate information on the correlation of quantities concerned along the route ... |
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| SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY OF ROCKET WINDS, |
SEP 1963 |
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| Authors:
Marvin Lowenthal; ARMY ELECTRONICS LABS FORT MONMOUTH N J
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| Data for the Meteorological Rocket Network were used to determine short-period variability of rocket winds. Measurements made at periods from 5 minutes to 1-1/2 hours were utilized to determine the mean vector differences between the observations. Variability appears to be dependent on height when all observations are included, and independent of season. When selected observations are used, eliminating those with obvious errors, this variation with height is no longer discernable. ... |
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| AN OBJECTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR FORECASTING STRONG AND GUSTY SURFACE WINDS AT LAJES AIR FORCE BASES, AZORES (STUDY NO. III), |
JAN 1959 |
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| Authors:
Thomas H. Simmonds; AIR WEATHER SERVICE SCOTT AFB ILL
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| The objective forecasting technique presented in the study is an attempt to refine and improve the technique (Study No. II) now being used at Lajes Air Force Base, Azores. The problem concerns forecasting critical values for winds from the NW and SW quadrants during the 'windy' months of December through April. With specific and more or less arbitrarily determined limits established, the problem as set up is: To forecast (once ... |
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| SEASONAL CHANGES IN DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY OF UPPER AIR WINDS NEAR THE 100 KM LEVEL OF THE ATMOSPHERE, |
06 JUN 1957 |
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| Authors:
E. H. Vestine; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF
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| The day-to-day differences in ionospheric F-region critical frequencies near noon are studied as a measure of corresponding differences in the wind-generated ionospheric electric field at the magnetic equator. These changes in F-region critical frequencies reflect corresponding changes in height of the F-region, caused by the electric field of the daily variation. It is shown that the daily variation, though proportional to both the electric field and the electric conductivity, is ... |
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