| Defense Health Care: Activities Related to Past Drinking Water Contamination at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune |
MAY 2007 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Marcia Crosse; Bonnie Anderson; Karen Doran; George Bogart; Helen Desaulniers; Cathleen Hamann; Danielle Organek; Roseanne Price; Christina Ritchie; Stuart Ryba; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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 | In the early 1980s, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were discovered in some of the water systems serving housing areas on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune. Exposure to certain VOCs may cause adverse health effects, including cancer. In 1999, the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) began a study to examine whether individuals who were exposed in utero to the contaminated drinking ... |
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| In Situ Catalytic Groundwater Treatment Using Pd-Catalysts and Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells |
Feb-2007 |
270 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen Lebron; Martin Reinhard; Gary Hopkins; Matthew Davie; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
|
| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated in 1996 that approximately 70% of the 8,336 Department of Defense (DoD) sites requiring cleanup had contaminated groundwater, usually from chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Palladium (Pd) catalysis is a rapid destruction method that, in the presence of hydrogen gas, transforms many chlorinated ethylenes into ethane and some other halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their respective hydrocarbon compounds. ... |
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| Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolites for Use in Risk Assessment |
SEP 2004 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Tammie R. Covington; Harvey J. Clewell; Jeffrey W. Fisher; MANTECH GEO-CENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
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| A physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model was developed which provides a comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichloroethanol (TCOH). and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), in the mouse, rat, and human, for both oral and inhalation exposure. The model includes descriptions of the three principal target tissues for cancer identified in animal bioassays: liver, lung, and kidney. Dose metrics that can be calculated with the model for ... |
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| Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) Field Demonstration Report: IRP Site 4, POL Area, Springfield ANG Base, Springfield, Ohio |
MAY 2003 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis A. Reed; Teresa R. Sterner; John S. Sarson; OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP BEAVERCREEK OH
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| A demonstration of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) approach for assessing human health risk at weathered petroleum release sites was performed at a petroleum, oil and lubricant underground storage tank site (JP-4 and JP-4-8) located at the Springfield Air National Guard Base, Springfield, Ohio. A total of nine subsurface soil samples were obtained for this demonstration project at subsurface depths ranging from 4 to 6 feet. Soil ... |
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| Bioenhanced In-well Vapor Stripping (BEHIVS) to Treat Trichloroethylene |
FEB 2003 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Mark N. Goltz; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| This project is focussed on remediating the source area of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater. TCE is the most commonly detected groundwater contaminant at DoD and Superfund sites. Low-cost alternatives for treating the source of TCE-contamination are needed, preferably ones not requiring the removal of contaminated water from the subsurface. The overall project objective is to demonstrate the potential of combining two innovative, recently demonstrated, remediation technologies, in-well vapor stripping (IWVS) and ... |
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| Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) Field Demonstration Report: Air Force Plant Number 6 Fuel Farm Dobbins AFB, Georgia |
MAY 2002 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis A. Reed; Teresa R. Sterner; OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP BEAVERCREEK OH
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| A demonstration of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) approach for assessing human health risk at weathered petroleum release sites was performed at a former above ground storage fuel farm (FF) located at Dobbins Air Force Base, Marietta, Georgia. The fuel farm was used to store and dispense jet petroleum (JP) fuel, blend numbers 4, 5 and S (i.e., JP- 4, JP-5 and JP-8) over a period of ... |
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| Optimization of Palladium-Catalyzed In Situ Destruction of Trichloroehtylene-Contaminated Groundwater Using a Genetic Algorithm |
MAR 2001 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
Manuel Fernandez; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| Conventional technologies for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents have limitations that have motivated development of innovative technologies. One such technology currently under development involves using palladium-on-alumina (Pd/Al) as a catalyst to promote dechlorination. Pd/Al catalyst may be used in-well as part of a re-circulating horizontal flow treatment well (HFTW) system. An HFTW system involves two or more dual-screened wells, with in-well reactors, to capture and treat contaminated ... |
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| The Relationship Between Tree-Core and Groundwater Trichloroethylene Concentrations for Groundwater Plume Delineation |
19 FEB 2001 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
Kerry L. Lewis; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| A 17-month field study designed to evaluate the feasibility of using trees as a cost-effective groundwater sampling and plume delineation tool was recently completed at site Operable Unit 4 at Hill Air Force Base (Ogden, UT). Using a hand-driven incremental borer, tree-core samples were collected monthly from cottonwood (Populus deltoides), russian olive (Elaeagnaceae elaeagnus), poplar (Salicaceae populus), apple (Malus pumila), and box elder (Acer negundo) trees located within and outside ... |
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| Trichloroacetate Tissue Dosimetry and PPAR alpha-Mediated Liver Cancer Induction by Trichioroethylene and Perchioroethylene |
MAR 2000 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Hugh A. Barton; P. R. Gentry; Harvey J. Clewell III; K S CRUMP GROUP INC RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC ICF KAISER INTERNATIONAL
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| A biologically-motivated dose-response analysis was undertaken for liver cancer induction in mice by trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC). The mechanistic hypothesis evaluated was whether tumors resulted from a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa)-mediated process initiated by formation of trichloroacetate (TCA) from the two volatile organics. Available mechanistic data for TCE, PERC, and TCA were compared with those for prototypical PPARa-ligands. Several early and late events were ... |
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| Numerical Speadsheet Modeling of Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Contaminant Plumes |
16 DEC 1999 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Troy Matthew Twesme; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
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| Predictive modeling is an important part of evaluating natural attenuation for groundwater contaminant plume remediation. This paper presents a numerical groundwater contaminant fate and transport model that was developed within a spreadsheet program for this purpose. The model accounts for site heterogeneity and multiple degradation regions, offering flexibility and ease of application. A two dimensional finite difference approach integrated with a fourth order Runge-Kutta method for ... |
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| Use of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Determine Desorption Coefficients of Trichioroethylene from Powdered Soils |
MAR 1999 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Jay H. Foil; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| This laboratory thesis investigated the applicability of reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to measure desorption rates by directly observing the change in trichloroethylene bound to surface sites. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy holds the promise of being a faster technique with minimal sample preparation time. Reflectance spectroscopy's dependence on the surface of the sample is its greatest advantage, as well as its greatest disadvantage. Both high ... |
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| Noncancer Effects of Trichioroethylene: Pharmacokinetics and Risk Assessment |
JUL 1998 |
118 pages |
| Authors:
Hugh A. Barton; Harvey J. Clewell III; ICF KAISER INTERNATIONAL INC RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| This report provides an evaluation of the noncancer effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and presents alternatives for the development of reference doses (RfDs) and reference concentrations (RfCs). These alternatives are organized within a framework for dose-response assessment - exposure: dosimetry (pharmacokinetics): mode of action (pharmacodynamics): response. This framework provides a consistent organization within which to make scientific judgments about available information, its interpretation and use. These judgments occur in the ... |
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| Draft Technical Protocol: A Treatability Test for Evaluating the Potential Applicability of the Reductive Anaerobic Biological in Situ Treatment Technology (Rabitt) to Remediate Chloroethenes |
JUL 1998 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff J. Morse; Bruce C. Alleman; James M. Gossett; Stephen H. Zinder; Donna E. Fennell; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| This draft, unvalidated protocol describes a comprehensive approach for conducting a phased treatability test to determine the potential for employing the Reductive Anaerobic Biological In Situ Treatment Technology (RABITT) at any specific site. The treatability test is presented in a phased approach, allowing the user to screen out RABITT in the early stages of the process to save time and cost. The first phase relies ... |
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| Identification of S-( 1,2-Dichlorovinyl) Glutathione in the Blood of Human Volunteers Exposed to Trichioroethylene |
JUN 1998 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
L. H. Lash; D. A. Putt; W. T. Brashear; R. Abbas; J. C. Parker; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
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| Healthy male and female human volunteers were exposed to 50 ppm or 100 ppm trichloroethylene (Tri) by inhalation for 4 h. Blood and urine samples were taken at various times before, during, and after the exposure period for analysis of glutathione (GSH), related thiols and disulfides, and GSH-derived metabolites of Tri. The GSH conjugate of Tri, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG), was found in the blood of all ... |
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| IRP, Aerobic Cometabolic In Situ Bioremediation Technology Guidance Manual and Screening Software User's Guide |
JUN 1998 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
EARTH TECHNOLOGY CORP ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| Trichioroethene (TCE) is the most commonly detected contaminant at Super fund sites in the U.S.. It has been widely used for degreasing and cleaning activities. TCE was commonly discharged to the environment for disposal purposes. In recent years, the hazards of exposure to TCE and other chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) have been documented. These compounds can pose a serious threat to human health or the environment. Aerobic cometabolic in situ ... |
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| Organic Pollutants in Soils, as Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
15 MAY 1998 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Gary E. Maciel; Willard L. Lindsay; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| This three-year project focussed on the development and application of state-of-the art NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) techniques to elucidate the fundamental behaviors of certain organic pollutants (e.g., benzene, CCl, trichloroethylene, ethylene glycol) when adsorbed in typical soils, as represented in most of this study by the following major soil components: humics (humic acid, fulvic acid, humin), clays (montmorillonite, kaolinite) and silica. The first stage was the isolation/ separation and detailed ... |
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| DCA Dosimetry: Interpreting DCA- Induced Liver Cancer Dose Response and the Potential for DCA to Contribute to TCE-Induced Liver Cancer |
APR 1998 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin E. Andersen; Hugh A. Barton; Richard Bull; Irving Schultz; BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABS RICHLAND WA
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| The contribution of TCE-derived DCA to the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in the mouse liver bioassay has been a pivotal issue in assessing the risk associated with oral exposure to TCE. The goal of this study was to investigate the biological plausibility of the hypothesis that TCE- derived DCA contributed significantly to TCE-induced mouse liver cancer. A pharmacokinetic analysis for DCA in naive and DCA-pretreated mice has been conducted in ... |
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| Simulation Studies Examining Possible Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene Carcinogenicity |
MAR 1998 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Robert C. Lee; Georg E. Luebeck; Scott M. Bartell; William Griffith; Elaine M. Faustman; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
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| There has been much recent interest regarding methods of evaluating potential human cancer risks associated with trichloroethylene (TCE). Stochastic biologically based dose-response (BBDR) models offer possible means of quantifying these risks. BBDR models have been used to evaluate the effects of cancer initiators and promoters at a cellular level. This paper examines the sensitivity of the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson (MVK) 2-stage model to variations in model parameters, ... |
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| Estimating Differences in the Cost of Groundwater Treatment of Trichioroethylene Based on Different Cleanup Goals |
JAN 1998 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph A. Atchue III; Daniel Buffalo; Katherina J. Chaloupka; TETRA TECH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT VIENNA VA
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| The Department of Defense (DOD) is working with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a health-based groundwater (GW) cleanup standard for trichloroethylene (TCE). Reevaluation of the health risk of TCE exposure may provide sufficient evidence for EPA program offices (such as the Office of Water) to review and perhaps revise the Drinking Water Standard for TCE. This paper will describe some of the issues related to the cost ... |
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| A Modeling Study for the Implementation of In Situ Cometabolic Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Groundwater |
DEC 97 |
128 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Christ; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The limitations of conventional groundwater remediation technologies have led to the development of innovative technologies which may achieve national hazardous waste site remediation goals. Before an innovative technology can be implemented in the field, remedial project managers, regulators and other stakeholders require adequate modeling tools to help assess the applicability of the technology at a particular site. This modeling study investigates how an innovative technology, in situ cometabolic bioremediation, might ... |
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| Evaluation of Potential Indoor Air Impact of TCE in Groundwater on Building 864, Air Force Plant 44, Arizona |
OCT 1997 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
G. C. Long; Jody R. Wireman; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIRECTORATE
|
| Occupants of a building proximate to a site where a hazardous substance release has occurred may potentially be exposed to the released chemicals from their transport into the indoor environment. The Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE) requested Armstrong Laboratory's Environmental Sciences Branch evaluate transport through ambient air at Building 864, Air Force Plant 44, Arizona. The evaluation uses the Farmer model, as described in EPA guidance EPA-451/R-92-002, 'Assessing ... |
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| Quantitative Assessment of Peroxisome Proliferation in B6C3F1 Mouse Liver after Subchronic Exposure to Trichloroethylene by Gavage |
JUL 1997 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T. Geiss; John H. Grabau; John W. Lane; John R. Latendresse; Gia M. Randall; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent and common groundwater contaminant, is hepatocarcinogenic in mice when given at high doses. One potential mechanism for TCE-induced liver tumors is the formation of excessive reactive oxygen species during lipid peroxidation. As reported in previous studies by analysis of protein levels, enzyme activity or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of liver tissue, TCE exposure results in peroxisome proliferation. In this study, groups of mice were ... |
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| Vapor Transport in Unsaturated Soil |
30 JUN 97 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Leonard W. Lion; Brent Alspach; Jason Gilbert; Sean Lorden; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| Experiments were performed to determine the desorption kinetics, diffusion, and advection of two common subsurface VOC contaminants: trichloroethylene (TCE), and chloroform (CF) both individually and as a gas mixtures. Effective diffusion coefficients of TCE were determined in the absence and presence of CF. At high relative pressure the 'effective' distribution coefficient for these vapors decreased and consequently their diffusive transport was enhanced. This result is attributed to the presence of ... |
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| Natural Attenuation of Hydrocarbon and Trichloroethylene Vapors in the Subsurface Environment at Plattsburgh Air Force Base |
26 MAR 1997 |
382 pages |
| Authors:
David W. Ostendorf; Alan J. Lutenegger; Sarina J. Ergas; Erich S. Hinlein; Russell J. Suchana; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| The Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (UMASS) was contracted by the United States Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE) to conduct field research from 19 September 1995 to 30 September 1996 under Contract No. F41624-95-C-8012 "Surface Emissions from Jet Fuel Bioventing at Plattsburgh AFB". The work focused on bioventing of residual JP4 jet fuel and chlorinated solvents in the unsaturated zone and ... |
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| Enhanced Trichloroethylene Degradation Using Genetically-Engineered Microorganisms |
28 DEC 96 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas K. Wood; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE
|
| Novel recombinant TCE-degrading bacteria were created using the best known enzyme for TCE degradation, soluble methane monooxygenase(sMMO) of the soil bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. sMMO degrades a wide range of halogenated hydrocarbons (HCFCs, chloroform, dichloroethane, etc.), and it degrades TCE 100 times faster than any other microbial enzyme. The mmo genes were cloned and expressed in Pseudomonas putida Fl, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Rhizobium meliloti using plasmids pSMMO20 and pSMMO40 created ... |
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| Nonrecombinant Genetic Modification of Aquifer Bacteria to Achieve Constitutive Degradation of Trichloroethylene |
DEC 96 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Malcolm S. Shields; UNIVERSITY OF WEST FLORIDA PENSACOLA DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| Aquifer bacteria were isolated for their capacity to predominate following nutrient enrichment (field application vectors (FAVs)), and screened as hosts for the Tn5 containing, constitutive toluene ortho-monoxygenase (Tom) expressing plasmid: TOM(31c) (which causes the cooxidation of trichloroethylene (TcE)). Tom expression during positive selection in native aquifer sediments contaminated with TCE was determined. Three such FAVs were constructed: NFG-2 (TOM3ic), MFI-l (TOM3ic), and MFG-2 (TOM3ic). All stably maintained TOM3ic and constitutively ... |
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| Trichloroethylene: Free Radical Studies in B6C3F1 Mouse Liver Slices |
OCT 1996 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
L. Steel-Goodwin; T. L. Pravecek; B. Hancock; W. J. Schmidt; S. Trivunovic; MAN TECH/GEO-CENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH TOXIC HAZARDS RESEARCH
|
| Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR/spin techniques were used to test the hypothesis exposure of liver to trichloroethylene (TCE) causes increased formation of free radicals. Precision cut liver slices from B6C3F1 mice were incubated for 20 min. with TCE at headspace concentrations ranging from 0-10, 000, ppm with and without the spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone (PBN). PBN (10 mM) did not interfere with K + levels, lactate dehydrogenase, ... |
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| A Bacterial Treatment System for the Remediation of Trichloroethylene |
OCT 96 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
Malcolm S. Shields; UNIVERSITY OF WEST FLORIDA PENSACOLA
|
| 14. Abstract A genetically altered bacterium Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia PR123 and closely related genetic derivatives were tested for bioreactor and in situ trichloroethylene (TOE) degradation. PRi 23 was shown to degrade TOE in a plugged flow bioreactor, but failed to form a stable biofilm under test conditions at Hanscom AFB. Indigenous microorganisms dominated the reactors shortly after inoculation in every instance, despite changes in support matrix and primary carbon source. ... |
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| Establishing a Relationship Between Passive Soil Vapor and Grab Sample Techniques for Determining Volatile Organic Compounds |
SEP 96 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Alan D. Hewitt; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| A passive soil vapor and an in-vial sample handling and analysis method were compared for estimating volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in the near-surface vadose zone. These two methods of VOC site characterization, although very different operationally, established very similar trends for trichioro-ethylene (TCE) contamination. The correlation (r2 = 0.944) of the results from these two methods shows a much better agreement than what has been reported between comparisons of ... |
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| Fate and Transport of Trichloroethane and Trichloroethylene Contaminated Groundwater, Building 719, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware |
AUG 96 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth J. Melchiorre; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
 | Trichloroethane and trichloroethylene are common chlorinated aliphatic industrial organic solvents used in degreasing operations. Both are typically found in groundwater environments as a result of leaking underground storage tanks, leachate from landfills, and contaminant migration from hazardous waste dump sites. Transformation by-products are also found in association with trichloroethane and trichloroethylene without any known source other than from reductive dechlorination. Dechlorinated by-products include 1,1 - dichloroethane; cis and trans 1,2- ... |
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| Trichioroethylene and Chioral Hydrate Metabolism in the Japanese Medaka Minnow (Oryzias Latipes) In Vitro |
JUN 1996 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
John C. Lipscomb; Gerry W. Buttler; Patricia D. Confer; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
|
| The drive to assess more potential human health and environmental problems, coupled with decreasing budgetary resources has led to the investigation of alternative test methods. For an alternative method to be developed, relevancy to the target organism (in this case, the human) should be critically evaluated. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a small fish species which has some very district advantages: the species is small enough to be reared ... |
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| An Evaluation of the Technical Feasibility of the Packed Tower Advanced Oxidation Process for the Removal and Destruction of Contaminants from Water |
JUN 1996 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
D. W. Hubbard; M. E. Mullins; E. M. Billings; MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV HOUGHTON DEPT OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| This final report describes the research work done to investigate the behavior of a packed column contactor as an ozonation reactor for destruction of organic contaminants in groundwater treatment. Both a laboratory and pilot-scale column have been used during experiments to gather scale up information for such a system. The columns have been operated in either cocurrent and counter current mode using trichloroethylene (TCE) at low ppm levels in water ... |
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| Free Radicals in Precision Cut Bovine Testicle Slices: Effects of 1,3,5 Trinitrobenzene Measured by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance |
APR 1996 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Steel-Goodwin; John F. Wyman; Alasdair J. Carmichael; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIRECTORATE
|
| Precision cut tissue slices were prepared from bovine testes and incubated at 37 degrees C in Wymouth's media supplemented with the spin trap N- tert-butyl-a-nitrone or dimethyl sulfoxide. Slices were exposed for 0 to ih with 0-1000 micronmeter 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene (TNB). Radicals were detected in testis after glutathione depletion with diethylmaleate in control, TNB-treated and superoxide-treated slices. The hyperfine coupling constant of the TNB-induced PBN-radical adducts ... |
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| Quantitation of TCE-Induced Radicals in Liver of B6C3Fl Mice In Vivo: AnEPR Study |
FEB 1996 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Steel-Goodwin; William Hurtle; William J. Schmidt; Sara Berty; Joanne Drerup; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
|
| The total radicals generated in liver of B6C3Fl mice in vivo following exposure five days per week for 60 days to water, corn oil, or corn oil supplemented with trichloroethylene (TCE) was determined by EPR/spin trapping techniques. The concentration of the TCE added to the corn oil was 400, 800 or 1200 mg/kg body weight. Mice were gavaged with test material every day at 0900 and on ... |
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| Noninvasive Ambulatory Assessment of Cardiac Function and Myocardial Ischemia in Healthy Subjects Exposed to Carbon Monoxide. Special Study: Trichloroethylene Exposure in Women and Men |
JAN 96 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Paul N. Kizakevich; RESEARCH TRIANGLE INST RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
|
| The purpose of this study was to conduct controlled human trichloroethylene (TCE) inhalation studies to support physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) modeling of TCE exposure in healthy men and women. TCE is a volatile liquid used in degreasing operations, industrial cleaning, paint strippers, rug cleaners, spot removers, and typewriter correction fluid with widespread industrial and military use. Eight female and nine male subjects willing to provide informed consent were medically qualified for ... |
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| Development and Validation of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Chloral Hydrate and Its Main Metabolites |
NOV 1995 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Janusz Z. Byczkowski; Connie S. Seckel; Richard K. Black; Jason R. Creech; Brendan L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Chloral hydrate is a synthetic sedative/hypnotic drug used in human medicine. It is also generated as a chlorination by-product in drinking water and is produced in the organism from an environmental pollutant - trichloroethylene. Chloral, along with trichioroethylene, are occurring as environmental contaminants at the Air Force, Navy, and Army installations. This report describes the development of an interlinked physiologically based pharmacokinetic model ... |
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| Efficiency of PBN to Trap 3-CAR in B6C3F1 Mouse Liver Slices: An EPR study |
SEP 1995 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Steel-Goodwin; Brian Hutchens; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TOXICOLOGY DIV
|
| Several active Air Force bases and bases targeted for closure have measurable quantities of the halocarbon trichloroethylene (TCE) in the soil and ground water. TCE causes liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice. As part of the process to develop an environmental health effects criteria for base clean up a study of the effects of TCE induced free radicals in liver slices had been performed. Radicals of ... |
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| Molecular Probes and Bioluminescent Reporters in Ecological Optimization of Biodegradation |
31 MAY 95 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
G. S. Sayler; TENNESSEE UNIV KNOXVILLE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
|
| DNA probe and bioluminescent sensor technology is being used to assess the bio-availability of sorbed or immiscible-phase toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons (PAR) in particulate media. Construction of improved bioluminescent reporter strains for PAH and toluene (also trichloroethylene) degradation is ongoing. For PAR degradation, the approach involves incorporation of a transposon containing the lower naphthalene pathway promoter fused to the lux genes (nah-lux) into the bacterial chromosome. One of the ... |
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| Isolated Perfused Small Intestine-Application for Absorption and Metabolism of Trichloroethylene in the Fischer 344 Rat |
APR 1995 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
C. M. Garrett; D. A. Mahie; S. Stavrou; J. C. Lipscomb; GEO-CENTERS INC NEWTON CENTRE MA
|
| Exposure by ingestion is the major route of exposure to toxic substances, particularly chemicals found in groundwater. Toxic substances which enter the body by this route may be metabolized to toxic intermediates which may then be exposed in high concentrations to the liver through the "first pass effect", a physiological phenomenon occurring in the hepatic portal circulation. Because liver tumors in rodents are often the toxicity extrapolated to determine the ... |
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| Determination of Partition Coefficients for Trichloroethanol (TCOH) and Chloral Hydrate (CH)-Two Metabolites of Trichloroethylene (TCE) |
FEB 1995 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
C. Seckel; J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; B. L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant, has been shown to be carcinogenic in some animal species. To determine the risk in humans, the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) has become increasingly the method of choice. Formerly it was a common practice to calculate risk estimates on the basis of administered dose-toxicity/tumor incidence, it is now recognized that the dose delivered to the target organ is more accurate. Determination of ... |
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| Determination of Partition Coefficients for Trichloroethanol (TCOH) and Chioral Hydrate (CH) - Two Metabolites of Trichloroethylene (TCE) |
FEB 95 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
C. Seckel; J. R. Creech; R. K. Black; B. L. Garrity; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Trichioroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant, has been shown to be carcinogenic in some animal species. To determine the risk in humans, the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) has become increasingly the method of choice. Formerly it was a common practice to calculate risk estimates on the basis of administered dose-toxicity/tumor incidence, it is now recognized that the dose delivered to the target organ is more accurate. Determination of ... |
|
| Exposure of a Food Crop to Trichloroethylene from a Contaminated Aquifer |
SEP 94 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Richard G. Baringer; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| This research developed a methodology for assessment of the exposure of a mature corn crop to trichloroethylene from a contaminated aquifer. The methodology was then applied to the case of Hill AFB to determine the ability of the methodology to provide information about a specific exposure. Current procedures sample for food contamination but do not attempt to predict exposure problems. A review of the potential exposure pathways from the aquifer ... |
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| Trichloroethylene: Metabolism and Other Biological Determinants of Mouse Liver Tumors |
SEP 94 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
H. A. Barton; J. Z. Byczkowski; S. R. Channel; B. M. Jarnot; J. C. Lipscomb; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
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| Trichioroethylene (TCE) is one of the most commonly found groundwater contaminants at DoD facilities due to its widespread use in degreasing and as a solvent in other operations. Trichioroethylene has been the subject of extensive study including a large number of lifetime studies in laboratory rodents exposed by inhalation and oil gavage (oral bolus dosing). Several toxicities have been identified, including both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. This review considers both ... |
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| Experiment Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Study the Effect of Soil Characteristics upon the Rate of Trichloroethylene Desorption |
SEP 94 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin T. Kindt; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| This research investigated the influence of soil characteristics on the desorption of trichloroethylene (TCE). TCE is one of the most common contaminants at Superfund sites. Unfortunately, extraction of TCE from contaminated soils has been hindered by its slow and poorly understood desorption from soil particles. The rate and progress of desorption of TCE from seven types of soil with varying particle diameters and elemental compositions was measured using optical absorption ... |
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| A Retrospective Quantitative Assessment of Trichloroethylene Exposure of Workers at Aircraft Maintenance Facilities at Hill Air Force Base Through the Use of Modeling |
SEP 94 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony O. Copeland; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Monte Carlo simulation and source-receptor modeling are used to estimate the TCE exposures encountered by select workers at aircraft maintenance facilities at Hill Air Force Base between 1955 and 1979. An epidemiological study of this group, a retrospective cohort study of 14,457 workers who were employed at the base for a minimum of one year between 1952 and 1956, was headed by Dr. R. Spirtas of the National Cancer Institute ... |
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| Use of Infrared Spectrometry to Determine the Effect of Trichloroethylene Resident Time on Desorption Rates from Flint Clay |
AUG 94 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Peter LaPuma; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| This laboratory based thesis investigated the desorption rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) from flint clay while varying the resident time of TCE exposed to the clay. It is thought that in long contaminated soil, a majority of contaminant mass will become entrained within the interior of the soil particles to slowly desorb out of the soil over long periods of time. Recent studies suggest that the longer a contaminant is resident ... |
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| Analysis of the Potential for Plant Uptake of Trichloroethylene and an Assessment of the Relative Risk from Different Crop Types |
JUL 94 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Roy-Alan C. Agustin; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| This research expands our limited knowledge on the influence of plants on the fate and effects of trichloroethylene (TCE), providing a screening tool on which to base decisions regarding the need for actual sampling of plants. First, physicochemical properties of TCE--vapor pressure, Henry's Law constant, water solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, molecular weight, and half-life--were screened against relationships reported in literature to evaluate TCE plant uptake potential. This screening approach indicated ... |
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| Innovative Bioreactor Development for Methanotrophic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene |
JAN 94 |
120 pages |
| Authors:
S. E. Herbes; A. V. Palumbo; J. L. Strong-Cunderson; T. L. Donaldson; G. S. Sayler; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
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| The objective of this work was to develop an innovative bench-scale two-stage bioreactor for biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) based on a methanotrophic (copper-tolerant mutant of Methylosinus trichosporium QB3b) microbiological system. Methanotrophic cometabolism of TCE was enhanced by separating cell growth and soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) production and recovery, from TCE contact and degradation. The bioreactor consists of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a series of four plug-flow reactor columns ... |
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| A Refinement of Risk Analysis Procedures for Trichloroethylene Through the Use of Monte Carlo Method in Conjunction with Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling |
SEP 93 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Cronin Iv; Eric J. Oswald; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| This study refines risk analysis procedures for trichloroethylene (TCE) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate random sets of model parameters, based on the mean, variance, and distribution types. The procedure generates a range of exposure values for human excess lifetime cancer risk of lxl0 (exp-6), based on the upper and lower bounds and the ... |
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| Liquid-Phase Bioreactor for Degradation of Trichloroethylene and Benzene |
APR 93 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
B. Folsom; ENVIROGEN INC LAWRENCEVILLE NJ
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| The objective of this project was to design and operate a bench-scale biological treatment system capable of degrading trichlorethylene (TCE) and benzene, each present at concentrations up to 50 ppm, to concentrations of 4 ppb or less per contaminant. A two-stage reactor system was designed and fabricated to allow for the sequential degradation of benzene followed by TCE since TCE demonstrated no inhibitory effects on benzene degradation. A first-stage fixed- ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*TRICHLOROETHYLENE
