| Non-Invasive Monitoring of Intra-Abdominal Bleeding Rate Using Electrical Impedance Tomography |
Sep-2009 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Rossalind Sadleir; Edward A Ross; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
 | Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) may be useful in continuous non-invasive monitoring of suspected abdominal bleeding in battlefield casualties subsequent to blunt trauma. We are developing a novel EIT system involving an electrode array applied only to the anterior abdomen. We believe this will speed this method's path to practical use. Much of the work in the revised Statement of Work has been completed. A no cost extension was granted to ... |
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| Non-Destructive Evaluation of Aerospace Composites |
Mar-2009 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy D Johnson; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Five methods of non-destructive material evaluation (NDE) were used to inspect various forms of damage commonly found in aerospace fiberglass composites: voids, edge and sub-surface delaminations, surface burning, and cracking. The images produced by X-ray, X-ray Computed Tomography, terahertz (THz) imaging, ultrasound, and flash IR thermography were analyzed for the detection of defects. Test results and analysis of each NDE method's capabilities provide a comparison study of conventional techniques versus ... |
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| Transrectal Near-Infrared Optical Tomography for Prostate Imaging |
Mar-2009 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Daqing Piao; OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV STILLWATER
|
| The objective of this research is to explore the technology of trans-rectal near-infrared (NIR) optical tomography for accurate, selective prostate biopsy. Prostate cancer is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in American men. Prostate cancer suspicion is typically based on an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or a suspicious nodule found during a digital rectal exam (DRE). When the PSA level is elevated or the DRE shows abnormal, there is ... |
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| Developments of Finite-Frequency Seismic Theory and Applications to Regional Tomographic Imaging |
31-Jan-2009 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoping Yang; Yang Shen; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP (SAIC) ARLINGTON VA
|
| We use banana-doughnut sensitivity kernels of teleseismic body waves to image the crust and mantle beneath eastern Eurasia. We have collected and processed available broadband data from both permanent stations and temporary networks in eastern Eurasia. In southeast Tibet, where a PASSCAL experiment provided a dense station coverage, a detailed study is carried out to obtain high-resolution P- and Svelocity models. A regional P-wave velocity model for eastern Eurasia is ... |
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| Seismic Tomography of the Arabian-Eurasian Collision Zone and Surrounding Areas |
30-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Haijiang Zhang; M N Van der Toksoz; Robert D Hilst; Youshun Sun; Levent Gulen; Dogan Kalafat; Huseyin S Kuleli; Chang Li; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
 | The objectives of this study are to determine P- and S-wave velocity structures in the crust and upper mantle and to characterize seismic wave propagation in the Arabian-Eurasian collision zone and surrounding areas, including Iran, Arabia, Eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus. The Arabian-Eurasian plate boundary is a complex tectonic zone shaped by continent-continent collision processes. In recent years the number of seismic stations has increased greatly in the region because ... |
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| Finite-Frequency Seismic Tomography of Body Waves and Surface Waves from Ambient Seismic Noise: Crustal and Mantle Structure Beneath Eastern Eurasia |
30-Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Zhang; Xiaoping Yang; Yong Ren; Ting Yang; Yang Shen; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP SAN DIEGO CA
|
| To improve seismic calibration for nuclear explosion monitoring, we use 3D sensitivity kernels of finite-frequency body and surface waves to develop models of the crustal and mantle structures beneath eastern Eurasia. We have collected and processed available broadband data from both permanent stations and temporary networks in eastern Eurasia. We obtained a regional P-wave velocity model for the mantle structures down to 1,500 km beneath the eastern Eurasia. We also ... |
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| Surface Wave Dispersion Measurements and Tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise Correlation in China |
30-Sep-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Zhen Xu; Xiaodong Song; Michael H Ritzwoller; Xinlei Sun; Sihua Zheng; Yingjie Yang; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMAPIGN
|
| We perform ambient noise tomography of China using the data from the China National Seismic Network and global and PASSCAL stations. The results so far are summarized below. (1) Dispersion measurements and tomography. For most of the station pairs, we retrieve good Rayleigh waveforms from ambient noise correlations using 18 months of continuous data at all distance ranges across the entire region (over 5000 km) and for periods from 70 ... |
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| Concurrent MR-NIR Imaging for Breast Cancer Diagnosis |
01-Jun-2008 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Birsen Yazici; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY
|
| The primary objective of this research program is to investigate concurrent near infrared (NIR) optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for breast cancer diagnosis. The NIR diffuse optical imaging offers novel criteria for cancer differentiation with the ability to measure (in vivo) oxygenation and vascularization state, the uptake and release of contrast agents and chromophore concentrations with high sensitivity. However, NIR diffuse optical tomography is inherently a low spatial resolution ... |
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| Advanced Technologies for Ultrahigh Resolution and Functional Optical Coherence Tomography |
15 APR 2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
James G. Fujimoto; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| This program, entitled Advanced Technologies for Structural and Functional Optical Coherence Tomography, is a collaborative effort between investigators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics; Dr. David Boas, Associate Professor in Radiology, Harvard Medical School at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; and Dr. Jay Duker, Director, New England Eye Center, Professor and Chair of Ophthalmology, ... |
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| Optimization and Comparison of Different Digital Mammographic Tomosynthesis Reconstruction Methods |
APR 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Ying Chen; III Dobbins James T.; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| Digital breast tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional imaging technique with limited-angle series of projection images that allows the reconstruction of depth information along the breast. This study investigated optimized and compared different tomosynthesis methods and chose the optimal one for breast tomosynthesis imaging. We investigated several 3-D tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms and studied the effect of acquisition parameters for different candidate reconstruction algorithms according to computer simulation and physical measurements of impulse ... |
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| Combined Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Breast Tumor Imaging |
01-Mar-2008 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Scott C Davis; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| A unique fluorescence molecular tomography system which couples fluorescence data acquisition into the bore of a clinical MRI to image the spatial distribution of fluorescence activity in tissue volumes has been developed and characterized. Signal-to-noise and system sensitivity to fluorophore concentration have been studied extensively. In homogeneous 70mm diameter cylindrical phantoms, the system shows a linear response to fluorophore concentration down to 1nM and is sensitive down to 10pM. Images ... |
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| Nanoscale Characterization of Elemental Partitioning Between Gamma and Gamma Prime Phases in Rene 88DT Nickel Base Superalloy (Preprint) |
Feb-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
J Tiley; J Y Hwang; R Banerjee; R Srinivasan; G B Viswanathan; H L Fraser; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| The chemical partitioning of alloying elements between the disordered y and ordered y' phases in the nickel base superalloy Rene 88DT, has been characterized in detail using three dimensional atom probe tomography (3DAP) coupled with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy studies. After a homogenization treatment followed by a water quench, it is observed that the morphology of the y' precipitates, reduces with increasing aging time, while the compositional gradient across the ... |
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| Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer |
JAN 2008 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Seungryong Cho; CHICAGO UNIV IL
|
| The success of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or 4-D conformal radiation therapy (CRT) is heavily reliant on accurate image guidance in prostate cancer treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming one of the dominant imaging modalities for image-guidance, but current technology based on Feldkamp algorithm for image reconstruction from a circular scanning trajectory does not yield sufficient quality of images. In addition, imaging-radiation dose is one of the key issues, ... |
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| Hydraulic Tomography and High-Resolution Slug Testing to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions - Year 3 |
DEC 2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Carl D. McElwee; Rick Devlin; Brian Wachter; KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF GEOLOGY
|
| A typical method used to determine fluid behavior in a geologic matrix near a well is a pumping test Here a pump is installed into a well and groundwater is removed or injected while water levels in surrounding observation wells are monitored. Then the aquifer parameters can be estimated by monitoring changes in water levels at observation wells at some distance These types of tests are typically large in scale, ... |
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| TOmographic Remote Observer of Ionospheric Disturbances |
15 NOV 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Charles Swenson; Matthew Carney; Jared Clements; Karl Burk; UTAH STATE UNIV LOGAN
|
| This document presents the final report for the USUSat III program funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The goal of this program has been to develop a next generation of engineers and scientists with skills in space systems. This objective was to be accomplished through a design and fabrication competition between university teams. The competing teams were all sponsored in the University Nanosatellite Program by the Air ... |
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| Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Fluorescence Molecular Tomography |
JUL 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Vasilis Ntziachristos; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Molecular targeting approaches have tremendous potential for early-detection because they rely on elucidation of abnormal gene-expression, rather than on discovery of retarded anatomical changes inflicted by growing tumors upon their microenvironment. We investigated whether fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) could be used to detect breast cancer at its earliest stages via the detection of injected, protease-activatable molecular probes. We have successfully completed all goals and achieved the three major aims of ... |
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| Combined MR and Optical Imaging System for Noninvasive Tumor Characterization and Quantification of Oxygenation Gain Factor in a Breast Cancer Animal Model |
JUN 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Roshanak Shafiiha; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE
|
| This study proposes to modify and improve an existing MR-compatible optical tomography system that is used for non-invasive tumor characterization and provides higher sensitivity and specificity for cancer imaging. The proposed research will conduct animal studies to evaluate the system's performance in distinguishing malignant from benign tumors in vivo. Additional experiments will be designed to assess the method's sensitivity to quantifying oxygenation gain factor in breast tumors. This investigation will ... |
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| Gigabytes to Bytes: Automated Denoising and Feature Extraction as Applied to the Analysis of HIV Architecture and Variability Using Electron Tomography |
01-Apr-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Adam Bennett; Rajesh Narasimha; Daniel Zabransky; Rachid Sougrat; Steven McLaughlin; Sriram Subramanian; NATIONAL CANCER INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Advances in automated data acquisition in electron tomography have led to an explosion in the amount of data that can be obtained about the spatial architecture of a variety of biologically and medically relevant objects with sizes in the "nano" range of 10-1000mm. The development of methods to analyze the vast amounts of information contained in these tomograms is a major challenge since the electron tomograms are intrinsically noisy. A ... |
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| Optimization and Comparison of Different Digital Mammographic Tomosynthesis Reconstruction Methods |
APR 2007 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Ying Chen; James T. Dobbins; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| Digital breast tomosynthesis is a three dimensional imaging technique with limited angle series of projection images that allows the reconstruction of an arbitrary set of planes in the breast. Compared with standard mammography techniques, this method improves conspicuity of structures by removing the visual clutter associated with overlying anatomy. The objective of this project is to optimized and compare different tomosynthesis methods and choose the optimal one for breast imaging. ... |
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| Time-Resolved and Spectroscopic Three-Dimensional Optical Breast Tomography |
APR 2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert R. Alfano; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK
|
| The research carried out during the current reporting period included: (a) Use of optical tomographic imaging using independent component analysis (OPTICA) developed during the first reporting period to image targets in ex vivo breast tissue specimens, (b) Extension of OPTICA for obtaining cross sectional image of targets in turbid media, (c) (d) Development of a forward model for scattered light intensity distribution in the backscattering geometry; and (e) Development of ... |
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| Exploiting Adaptive Optics with Deformable Secondary Mirrors |
08 MAR 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Hart; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| The major thrust of our research program has been to start the development of multiple laser beacon systems for wavefront sensing, and to tie this new technology to the unique development of deformable secondary mirrors pioneered at the University of Arizona's Center for Astronomical Adaptive Optics (CAAO). The technology development funded by this award has resulted in the first practical solution for a multi-beacon laser system, enabling progress in tomographic ... |
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| Hydraulic Tomography and High-Resolution Slug Testing to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions - Year 2 |
DEC 2006 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Brett R. Engard; Carl D. McElwee; Rick Devlin; Brian Wachter; Benjamin Ramaker; KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF GEOLOGY
|
| Since spatial changes in hydraulic conductivity are a major factor governing the transport and fate of a pollutant as it moves through an aquifer, we have focused on the development of new innovative methods to delineate these spatial changes The objective of the research proposed here is to build on our previous research to develop and improve field techniques for better definition of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity ... |
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| Relationship Between Packing Structure and Porosity in Fixed Beds of Equilateral Cylindrical Particles |
23-Sep-2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Wenli Zhang; Karsten E Thompson; Allen H Reed; Liese Beenken; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Fixed beds of cylindrical particles are important in chemical engineering applications, but their packing structures are not as well understood or as well characterized as sphere packings. In this work, X-ray microtomography is used to obtain 3D images of 1.8 mm diameter equilateral cylinders in a 23 mm cylindrical container over a range of bulk porosities. A novel algorithm is used to computationally reconstruct the packings, resulting in data sets ... |
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| Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Florescence Molecular Tomography |
JUL 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Vasilis Ntziachristos; GENERAL HOSPITAL CORP BOSTON MA DBA MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Early detection of breast tumors continues to be a significant diagnostic challenge and thus remains the focus of attention of a number of medical research groups. Molecular targeting approaches have tremendous potential for early-detection because they rely on elucidation of abnormal gene-expression, rather than on discovery of retarded anatomical changes inflicted by growing tumors upon their microenvironment. Originally, we proposed an investigation of whether highly-sensitive fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) could ... |
|
| Review of the Current Status of Four-Dimensional Ionospheric Imaging |
JUN 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
G. S. Bust; C. N. Mitchell; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN APPLIED RESEARCH LABS
|
| Recent developments in tomographic imaging allow the use of GPS satellite data to image the Earth's ionosphere. Ground-based GPS receivers monitor the Earth's ionosphere continuously and a comprehensive database of ionospheric measurements suitable for tomographic processing now exists. The tomographic inversion of these GPS data in a three-dimensional time-dependent inversion algorithm can reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of ionospheric electron density. This new technique is unique for studying ionospheric ... |
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| High Resolution X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging With Acoustic Tissue-Selective Contrast Enhancement |
JUN 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald J. Diebold; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI
|
| We show that ultrasound can be used for contrast enhancement in high-resolution x-ray imaging of tissue and soft materials. Interfacial features of objects are highlighted as a result of both the displacement introduced by the ultrasound and the inherent sensitivity of x-ray phase contrast imaging to density variations. Experimental results are reported for tumor phantoms. The method produces a directional image that is equivalent to the first space derivative of ... |
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| IR Structured Emission-Based Speciation, Thermometry, and Tomography of CO and H2O in High-Pressure Combustors |
May-2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jamine Lee; Neil Goldstein; Brian Gregor; Stephen K Kramer; Stuart Kozola; Kenneth J Semega; SPECTRAL SCIENCES INC BURLINGTON MA
|
| Passive optical probes and high-resolution emission spectroscopy are used to provide a general-purpose real-time temperature and chemical species sensing capability. Probes can be inserted in the combustor, at the turbine inlet, in the augmenter, or at the engine exit with application as an engine development diagnostic tool that provides spatially resolved measurements of the key combustion parameters: temperature, CO concentration, and H2O concentration. Multiple probes are arrayed to collect the ... |
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| Development of a Regional 3-D Velocity Model of the Pakistan Region for Improved Seismic Event Location |
APR 2006 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Delaine Reiter; Michelle Johnson; Anca Rosca; Camlynn Vincent; William Rodi; WESTON GEOPHYSICAL LEXINGTON MA
|
| In this report, we detail the development of a new regional 3-D tomographic P-wave velocity model (WINPAK3D) of a region in Southern Asia centered on Pakistan. Our primary goal in developing a 3-0 model of the crust and upper mantle in this region is to improve regional seismic event location. A detailed initial Pn model was iteratively refined using a nonlinear, conjugate-gradients technique that adjusts the velocity model of model ... |
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| Time-Resolved and Spectroscopic Three-Dimensional Optical Breast Tomography |
APR 2006 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Robert R. Alfano; CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
| The research carried out during the current reporting period included: (a) Setting up of the near-infrared optical imaging experimental arrangements, (b) Development of an approach for optical tomographic imaging using independent component analysis (OPTICA), (c) Development of a tomographic image reconstruction approach using the "round-trip matrix" approach, and, (d) Target detection and localization using the combined experimental and theoretical approaches. OPTICA is applicable for detection and localization of scattering, absorptive, ... |
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| Quantitative Object Reconstruction using Abel Transform Tomography and Mixed Variable Optimization |
MAR 2006 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin R. O'Reilly; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are interested in quantitatively reconstructing an object using Abel transform x-ray tomography. Specifically, they obtain a radiograph by x-raying an object and attempt to quantitatively determine the number and types of materials and the thickness of each material layer. Their current methodologies either fail to provide a quantitative description of the object or are generally too slow to be useful in practice. ... |
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| Science and Technology Text Mining: Wireless LANS |
28 SEP 2005 |
154 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald N. Kostoff; Rene Tshiteya; Jesse Stump; Guido Malpohl; George Karypis; OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA
|
| Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: 1) algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multi-word technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment 2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to obtain technical intelligence from a Wireless LAN (Local Area Network) database derived from the Science Citation Index/ Social ... |
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| Radar Tomography of Moving Targets |
Sep-2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
C J Baker; S L Coetzee; Hugh D Griffiths; UNIVERSITY COLL LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| This report results from a contract tasking University College London as follows: The contractor will investigate and develop a baseline design and an engineering approach to demonstrate the concept of Tomography of Moving Targets (TMT). TMT is understood as the signal processing and analysis of geometrically diverse, multi-frequency, ultra narrow band and conventional radar data. Simulations and analyses will be used to assess effectiveness of TMT for achieving the stated ... |
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| Development and Characterization of Novel Volumetric Acquisition Orbits With an Application Specific Emission Tomograph for Improved Breast Cancer Detection |
AUG 2005 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Caryl N. Brzymialkiewicz; Martin P. Tornai; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The overall goal of this work is to develop, implement, and evaluate novel three-dimensional acquisition orbits used in conjunction with a dedicated emission mammotomography system, to be used as a potential secondary diagnostic tool. This novel nuclear medicine based molecular imaging technique utilizes camera trajectories that sample a pendant, uncompressed breast, which are evaluated with respect to various breast shapes and sizes. Phantom measurements have demonstrated that lesions near the ... |
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| Time-Resolved Spectral Optical Breast Tomography |
JUN 2005 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Min Xu; CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
| The research carried out during the three years period involved: (a) extending the cumulant solution of radiative transfer to planar geometries and comparing with Monte Carlo simulations; (b) developing and enhancing the 3D tomographic image reconstruction algorithm by using the cumulant transport model and making use of a L-curve method guided by the signal-to-noise ratio; (c) deriving the nonlinear correction factor for optical imaging due to multiple passages of an ... |
|
| High Resolution X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging with Acoustic Tissue-Selective Contrast Enhancement |
JUN 2005 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Gerald J. Diebold; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI
|
| We show that ultrasound can be used for contrast enhancement in high-resolution x-ray imaging of tissue and soft materials. Interfacial features of objects are highlighted as a result of both the displacement introduced by the ultrasound and the inherent sensitivity of x-ray phase contrast imaging to density variations. We have performed preliminary theoretical calculations of the radiation force induced by a sound fields and compared it to our experimental results. ... |
|
| Digital Mammography: Development of an Advanced Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Breast Cancer Detection |
MAY 2005 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Heang-Ping Chan; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The goal of the project is to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods and systems for mammography using advanced computer vision techniques and image information fusion from multiple mammograms to improve lesion detection and characterization. When tally developed, the CAD system can assist radiologists in mammographic interpretation. During this project year, we have performed the following tasks: (1) collected databases of digital mammograms (DMs) and digitized film mammograms (DFMs) for development ... |
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| Investigation of Metastatic Breast Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression Using Dual Optical/SPECT Imaging |
MAY 2005 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Peter P. Antich; Anca Constantinescu; Matthew Lewis; Ralph Mason; Edmond Richer; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| The goal of our project is to image tumor growth, metastatic development and vascular changes, both to characterize tumor dynamics during growth for application in diagnostic and prognostic imaging. and to aid in the development of new therapies by dissecting the effects of treatment. The technical goal for the first year has been to develop a device to image the whole animal by nuclear medicine and optical techniques. Ultimately, we ... |
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| Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography |
MAR 2005 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Matthias C. Schabel; Dilip G. Roy; Altaf Khan; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY
|
| The main objective of this project is the development of accurate physical models and efficient numerical algorithms suitable for diffraction tomographic reconstruction of the compressibility, acoustic attenuation, and mass density of the prostate through a multielement transurethral ultrasound transceiver. Unlike conventional ultrasound imaging, which is non-quantitative and affected by speckle artifacts, three-dimensional tomographic solution of the inverse acoustic scattering problem has the potential to quantitatively reconstruct the detailed acoustic properties ... |
|
| Network Tomography |
24 JAN 2005 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Franklin Gavilanez; Carlos Berenstein; John Baras; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK INST FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
|
| While conventional tomography is associated to the Radon transform in Euclidean spaces, electrical impedance tomography or EIT is associated to the Radon transform in the hyperbolic plane. We discuss some recent work on network tomography that can be associated to a problem similar to EIT on graphs and indicate how in some sense it may be also associated to the Radon transform on trees. |
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| A New Approach for 3D Segmentation of Cellular Tomograms Obtained Using Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy |
2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
A. Bartesaghi; Guillermo Sapiro; S. Lee; J. Lefman; S. Subramaniam; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Electron tomography allows the determination of the three-dimensional structures of cells and tissues at resolutions significantly higher than is possible with optical microscopy. Electron tomograms contain, in principle, vast amounts of information on the locations and architectures of large numbers of subcellular assemblies and organelles. The development of reliable quantitative approaches for the interpretation of features in tomograms is an important problem, but it also is challenging because of the ... |
|
| Optical Tomography of the ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Plasma |
2005 |
154 pages |
| Authors:
Adam M. Madson; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
|
| The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Experiment forms a Z-pinch with an embedded axial flow that exhibits stability for 500 - 2000 times the instabililty growth time for a static Z-pinch. Two linear photodiode arrays placed orthogonal to each other measure chord-integrated emissivity of the plasma. Deconvolving these data produce time resolved 1-D and 2-D emission profiles of the Z-pinch cross-section during the stable quiescent period. These unfiltered emission profiles show that ... |
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| Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Tracheal Inflammation |
01 SEP 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Nevine M. Hanna; Woong-Gyu Jung; Zhonping Chen; Usama Mahmood; Reza Mina-Araghi; Bryan Jordan; Andrey Yershov; Ronald Walton; Matthew Brenner; BECKMAN LASER INST AND MEDICAL CLINIC IRVINE CA
|
| Methods for obtaining real-time in-vivo histologic resolution non-invasive endoscopic optical imaging would be a major advance for pulmonary diagnostics and treatment in civilian and military medical applications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly evolving technology based on near infrared interferometry that may provide these capabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using OCT for detecting airway pathology in a septic animal model. Tracheas of ... |
|
| Development and Characterization of Novel Olumetric Acquisition Orbits With an Application Specific Emission Tomograph for Improved Breast Cancer Detection |
AUG 2004 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Martin P. Tornai; Caryl N. Brzymialkiewicz; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| Nuclear medicine based molecular imaging techniques can be used as an adjunct tool in the diagnosis of breast cancer, particularly for women with dense breast tissue. The dedicated emission mammotomograph is now fully functional; the tomographic gantry was enhanced by including an automated radius-of-rotation capability, to allow for fully 3D imaging of a pendant, uncompressed breast. As a result, novel 3D acquisition orbits have been developed to contour various sized ... |
|
| Time-Resolved Spectral Optical Breast Tomography |
JUN 2004 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Min Xu; Melvin Lax; CITY COLL OF THE CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK
|
| The research carried out during the current reporting period involved: (a) developing and enhancing the 3D tomographic image reconstruction algorithm to use a L-curve method guided by the signal-to-noise ratio of the data set to determine the regularization parameter; (b) developing and enhancing the 3D tomographic image reconstruction algorithm to make use of spectral information in multiple wavelength measurements; (c) developing a novel information theory approach to analyze the data ... |
|
| Electrical Impedance Tomography of Breast Cancer |
JUN 2004 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
L. T. Muftuler; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE
|
| In screening of breast cancer, once abnormalities or lesions are discovered by the X-ray mammogram, generally, other imaging techniques are needed as an adjunct to diagnose the lesion as benign or malignant. It has been shown that cancer cells exhibit altered local electrical impedance. However, existing technology to measure the impedance of the breast has poor spatial resolution. We proposed to map the tissue impedance distribution with high spatial resolution, ... |
|
| Continuous and Discrete Inverse Conductivity Problems |
FEB 2004 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Franklin Gavilanez; John Baras; Carlos Berenstein; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK INST FOR SYSTEMS RESEARCH
|
| Tomography using CT scans and MRI scans is now well-known as a medical diagnostic tool which allows for detection of tumors and other abnormalities in a noninvasive way, providing very detailed images of the inside of the body using low dosage X-rays and magnetic fields. They have both also been used for determination of material defects in moderate size objects. In medical and other applications they complement conventional tomography. There ... |
|
| Encouraging U.S. Students in Quantum Computing |
2004 |
|
| Authors:
David G. Cory; Timothy F. Havel; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| This grant is to support Dr. Yaakov S. Weinstein, a graduate student in the Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering at MIT, during his studies of Quantum Computing in the Laboratory of David G. Cory and Timothy F. Havel in the same department, and Seth Lloyd in Mechanical Engineering at MIT. |
|
| Constrained MRI Impedance Imaging |
SEP 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Donald B. Plewes; SUNNYBROOK AND WOMENS COLL HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER TORONTO (ONTARIO)
|
| An approach for measuring local electric tissue properties in-vivo is proposed. The technique relies upon the integration of MRI data with electrical potential measurements. Through a technique referred to as constrained electric impedance tomography (CEIT), the conductivity of specific regions identified in MRI data can be calculated. A two-dimensional simulation of a phantom containing three-regions of varying electrical conductivity was generated and a finite- element model of electrical current propagation ... |
|
| Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Technology Initiatives Program (NTIP) delivery Order 0043: Upgrade of Computed Tomography Facility |
SEP 2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
S. T. Neel; UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGY CORP DAYTON OH
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| The two aging CT systems in Building 71 at Wright-Patterson AFB were analyzed to determine the current state of computer and other hardware, and to define an upgrade plan to improve supportability and enhance system performance. The Tomoscope CT system became the focus of the project. The Tomoscope gantry control computer was a Compaq 386-processor-based PC, which included several one-of-a-kind processor boards. The gantry control interface module included aging wire-wrap ... |
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| IR Absorption Tomography for Active Combustion Control |
31 JUL 2003 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
F. C. Gouldin; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY COLL OF ENGINEERING
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| The goals of our research were to further the development of IR absorption tomography as a sensor for closed-loop control of combustion and propulsion systems of interest to the Navy, to apply IR absorption tomography to study mixing in forced-jet actuators, and to use POD analysis to investigate large scale structures in reacting jet flows and the potential for reduced order models of jet actuators. In the last year of ... |
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