| Rapid Vaccine Manufacturing Facility: Emerging Pathogen Countermeasures Response. Initial Proof of Concept Stage |
15-Mar-2007 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Adrian Vilalta; Edward Domanico; Jennifer Chaplin; VICAL INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
 | Initial feasibility of using PCR-generated DNA vaccines (LEC) was completed as outlined in our proposal of July 21, OS. Specifically we demonstrated that (a) manufacture of milligram amounts of LEC DNA vaccine against H3N2 and H1N1 influenza strains was possible using microplate PCR technology; (b)resulting LEC DNA could be purified and formulated with the cationic lipid delivery system Vaxfectin and (c) vaccination of mice with Vaxfectin-formulated LEC vaccine resulted in ... |
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| Genotyping of Global Yersinia Pestis Isolates by Using IS285 |
01 NOV 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
A. G. Bobrov; X.-Z. Huang; E. Garcia; L. E. Lindler; A. A. Filippov; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON
|
| Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague, one of the most dangerous bacterial infections. Plague is a re-emerging disease displaying current tendency to increasing reports of human cases, including the affliction with multidrug-resistant strains of Y. pestis. The plague bacterium is a potential agent of biowarfare and bioterrorism. Therefore, both military and civilian specialists should have efficient methods of molecular identification of Y. pestis strains and ... |
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| Target Detection, Identification, and Marksmanship Under Various Types of Physiological Strain |
NOV 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Peter Tikuisis; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
 | The advent of high resolution interactive simulation has made it possible to bring greater realism into the laboratory where experimental rigour is more easily controlled than in a field setting. Using a small arms trainer (SAT), target detection, identification, and engagement were tested under a variety of conditions including heat and cold exposure, fatiguing exercise, and sleep deprivation, with caffeine intervention applied in the latter two trials. Target presentations were ... |
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| Bone Geometry as a Predictor of Tissue Fragility and Stress Fracture Risk |
OCT 2006 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Karl J. Jepsen; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Having a narrow tibia relative to body mass has been shown to be a major predictor of stress fracture risk and fragility. The reason for this phenomenon is not understood. Based on studies of genetically distinct inbred mouse strains, we found a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and bone quality, such that slender bones are associated with more damageable bone tissue. We postulate that a similar reciprocal relationship between bone ... |
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| High-Throughput Detection of Bacillus Anthracis Spores using Peptide-Conjugated Nano/Micro-Beads |
26 JUL 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Sang Y. Lee; KOREA ADVANCED INST OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DAEJEON (SOUTH KOREA) DEPT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING
|
| Magnetic bead and Q dots are very attractive materials for detecting B. anthracis spores. Magnetic beads can rapidly isolate B. anthracis spores based on magnetic polarity of the pores, whereas Qdots have ideal characteristics for dense spectral multiplexing, narrow emission range and long lifetime, and can perform simple multiplexed analysis. In this study, they investigated developing a rapid, simple and highly sensitive detection method for detecting B. anthracis spores by ... |
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| Preclinical Mouse Models of Neurofibromatosis |
NOV 2005 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin M. Shannon; Andrea McClatchey; Luis Parada; Marco Giovannini; Tyler Jacks; Judy Small; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| This report describes three years of research by a Consortium of investigators who worked to develop, characterize, and utilize strains of mice that accurately model tumors found in persons with NF1 and NF2. This Consortium has generated novel models of NF1 and NF2-associated tumors and has exploited these strains to investigate biologic and preclinical questions. The Consortium also organized scientific conferences on the pathologic classification of murine NF-associated neural tumors ... |
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| Results of NVG-Induced Neck Strain Questionnaire Study in CH-146 Griffon Aircrew |
24 AUG 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Jameel Adam; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
| Night vision goggles (NVGs) have become indispensable during night operations in the tactical helicopter community of the Canadian Forces. However, the additional mass of the NVGs and associated counterweight have been suggested as a cause factor in recent reports of neck strain within the CH-146 Griffon helicopter fleet. The present study sought to determine the rate of incidence and severity of NVG-induced neck strain experienced by CH-146 Griffon pilots and ... |
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| Cell-surface Alpha-glucan in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 |
14 JUN 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Erzsebet Papp-Szabo; Margaret I. Kanipes; Patricia Guerry; Mario A. Monteiro; GUELPH UNIV (ONTARIO) DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Campylobacter jejuni infection is a main source of severe gastroenteritis-related illnesses in humans and there is also evidence that it may be linked to neurological disorders. C. jejuni 81-176 is a virulent strain that has become the global model in the study of mechanisms and pathogenesis of C. jejuni infection. For this reason, we were engaged in studying the ne structures of cellsurface carbohydrate antigens of C. jejuni 81-176, namely, ... |
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| Molecular Genetic Studies of Bone Mechanical Strain and of Pedigrees with Very High Bone Density |
JUN 2005 |
134 pages |
| Authors:
Subburaman Mohan; LOMA LINDA VETERANS ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CA
|
| The primary goal of the proposed work on bone mechanical strain focuses on identifying the genes and their functions involved in mediating the anabolic skeletal response to mechanical stress. Two hypotheses have been proposed:1) Ouantitative trait loci analysis using the four point bending technique in two strains of mice exhibiting extreme differences in loading response will lead to identification of chromosomal locations of genes involved in variation in skeletal response ... |
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| The Role of RASGRF1 in Neurofibromatosis-Validating a Potential Therapeutic Target |
JUN 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul D. Soloway; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY
|
| It is hypothesized that the gene encoding RASGRF1p07, a GTP exchange factor (GEF), controls the severity of neurofibromatosis. Over-expression of Rasgd1 is predicted to exacerbate neurofibromatosis while Rasgd1 silencing will attenuate it. Two novel strains of mice ideally suited to test this hypothesis that were developed in my lab are being used to evaluate the role or Rasgd1 on the manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1. One strain of mice over-express ... |
|
| Sensitivity of Spores of Eight Bacillus Cereus Strains to Pressure- Induced Germination by Moderate Hydrostatic Pressure, Time and Temperature |
MAR 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Norasak Kalchayanand; Bibek Ray; C. P. Dunne; Anthony Sikes; WYOMING UNIV LARAMIE DEPT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
|
| The spores of eight Bacillus cereus strains were pressurized at 138 to 483 MPa for 5 to 20 min at 25 to 70 C in order to determine the sensitive and the resistant strains to pressure-induced germination. The most sensitive strain was B. cereus QMB 476, while the most resistant strain was B. cereus ATCC 11778. Pressurization at 25 C induced spores to germinate ranged from 2.6 to 5.0 log ... |
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| Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the 22-kDa Antigen Genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains Kato, TA763, AFSC 7, 18-032460, TH1814, and MAK 119 |
2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Hong Ge; Min Tong; Andrew Li; Rajan Mehta; Wei-Mei Ching; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| The 22-kDa protein antigen is one of several antigens recognized by sera from scrub typhus patients infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The 22-kDa protein genes from six O. tsutsugamushi strains (Kato, TA763, AFSC 7, 18-032460, TH1814, MAK119) were cloned and their sequences were determined and compared to each other and to the Karp strain sequence listed in GenBank. The sequence alignment revealed that the promoter regions of these seven strains were ... |
|
| Proteomic Analysis of Rickettsia prowazekii |
2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
C. C. Chao; D. Chelius; T. Zhang; E. Mutumanje; W. M. Ching; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Rickettsia prowazekii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium. Comparative proteomics study of a virulent strain (Breinl) versus an avirulent strain (Madrid E) was performed using an integrated liquid chromatography and mass spectrometer. About 30% of predicted proteins were detected and identified. Among the detected proteins, more than 30 proteins were of unknown function in both strains. Although several proteins were detected in only one strain, the overall distribution of detected ... |
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| Population Structure and Evolution of the Bacillus cereus Group |
DEC 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Fergus G. Priest; Margaret Barker; Les W. Baillie; Edward C. Holmes; Martin C. Maiden; HERIOT-WATT UNIV EDINBURGH (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| Representative strains of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis (11 isolates), B. cereus (38 isolates), Bacillus mycoides (1 isolate), Bacillus thuringiensis (53 isolates from 17 serovars), and Bacillus weihenstephanensis (2 isolates) were assigned to 59 sequence types (STs) derived from the nucleotide sequences of seven alleles, glpF, gmk, ilvD, pta, pur, pycA, and tpi. Comparisons of the maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the concatenated sequences with individual ... |
|
| Quorum Sensing: A Transcriptional Regulatory System Involved in the Pathogenicity of Burkholderia mallei |
NOV 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ricky L. Ulrich; David DeShazer; Harry B. Hines; Jeffrey A. Jeddeloh; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression by using a cell density mechanism termed quorum sensing (QS). An in silico analysis of the Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 genome revealed that it encodes at least two luxI and four luxR homologues. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that wild-type B. mallei produces the signaling molecules N-octanoyl- homoserine lactone and N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone. To determine if QS is involved in the virulence of ... |
|
| Preclinical Mouse Models of Neurofibromatosis |
OCT 2004 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin M. Shannon; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| This report describes the fourth year of research effort by a Consortium of investigators who are working to develop, characterize and utilize strains of mice that accurately model tumors that develop in persons with NF1 and NF2. This Consortium has made substantial progress toward accomplishing the goal of generating models of NF1 and NF2-associated tumors for biologic and preclinical therapeutic trials and of exploiting these mice to address biologic and ... |
|
| Characterization of the Hen as a Model for Human Ovarian Cancer |
SEP 2004 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia A. Johnson; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY
|
| Investigation of basic factors involved in malignant transformation of the ovary has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model. Most animals, with the exception of the domestic hen, do not spontaneously develop ovarian cancer. The use of two related genetic strains, which differ in spontaneous incidence of ovarian cancer may reveal an important difference between the two strains that could underlie the differential susceptibility to ovarian cancer ... |
|
| Nucleotide Sequences and Comparison of Two Large Conjugative Plasmids from Different Campylobacter species |
2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Roger A. Batchelor; Bruce M. Pearson; Lorna M. Friis; Patricia Guerry; Jerry M. Wells; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Two large tetracycline resistance (TcR) plasmids have been completely sequenced, the pTet plasmid (45?2 kb) from Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 and a plasmid pCC31 (44?7 kb) from Campylobacter coli strain CC31 that was isolated from a human case of severe gastroenteritis in the UK. Both plasmids are mosaic in structure, having homologues of genes found in a variety of different commensal and pathogenic bacteria, but nevertheless, showed striking similarities in ... |
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| Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report |
2004 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Keiko Okumura; Richard Schroff; Rwanda Campbell; Lucas Nishioka; Eric Elster; NAVAL HOSPITAL YOKOSUKA (JAPAN)
|
| Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a wide range of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis impetigo, rheumatic fever, and even septic shock. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis is uncommon today, but recent reports indicate a reemergence of virulent strains can cause toxic-mediated shock and multiple organ failure. We present a case report of a 29 years old postpartum woman after cesarean section who presented group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis. Furthermore, we ... |
|
| Distribution of the Coenzyme M Pathway of Epoxide Metabolism Among Ethene- and Vinyl Chloride-Degrading Mycobacterium Strains |
09 JUL 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas V. Coleman; Jim C. Spain; SYDNEY UNIV (AUSTRALIA)
|
| An epoxyalkane:coenzyme M (CoM) transferase (EaCoMT) enzyme was recently found to be active in the aerobic vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene assimilation pathways of Mycobacterium strain JS6O. In the present study, EaCoMT activity and genes were investigated in 10 different mycobacteria isolated on VC or ethene from diverse environmental samples. In all cases, epoxyethane metabolism in cell extracts was dependent on CoM, with average specific activities of EaCoMT between 380 ... |
|
| Drug Development and Conservation of Biodiversity in West and Central Africa |
MAY 2003 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Cyrus J. Bacchi; PACE UNIV NEW YORK NY
|
| This report concerns activities of Associated Project #3 (AP#3) of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Program (ICBC) directed by the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research (WRAIR). This project examines medicinal plants of Central and West Africa as anti-typanosomal and anti-trichomonal agents. In the reporting period 85 plant extracts were received from WRAIR and 34 were received from the University of Dschang (Cameroon, AP#2). Extracts were screened in vitro vs. ... |
|
| Vector Competence of Mexican and Honduran Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Enzootic (IE) and Epizooti (IC) Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus |
MAY 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Turell; Monica L. O'Guinn; Roberto Navarro; Guadeloupe Romero; Jose G. Estrada-Franco; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Experimental studies were undertaken to evaluate the vector competence of Ochlerotatus taeniorynchus (Wiedemann), Culex cancer Theobald, Culex pseudes (Dyar and Knab), Culex taeniopus Dyar and Knab, and a Culex (Culex) species, probably Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Culex nigripalpus Theobald from Chiapas, Mexico, and Tocoa, Honduras, for epizootic (IC) and enzootic (IE) strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Culex pseudes was highly susceptible to infection with both the IC and ... |
|
| Analysis of Two Methods of Isometric Muscle Contractions During the Anti-G Straining Maneuver |
MAY 2003 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Lance L. Annicelli; NEVADA UNIV LAS VEGAS
|
| This study investigated the difference in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Cardiac Output (CO) between two methods of isometric muscle contractions during the Anti-G Straining Maneuver (AGSM). 12 subjects (ages 18 to 38 years, height 176.8 plus or minus 7.4 cm, body mass 78.8 plus or minus 15. 6 kg, percent body fat 14.3 plus or minus 6.6%) participated in the study. The study was a one-way within-subject design with ... |
|
| Rapid Identification and Strain-Typing of Respiratory Pathogens for Epidemic Surveillance |
08 APR 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Ecker; Rangarajan Sampath; Lawrence B. Blyn; Vivek Samant; Kevin Russell; Nikki Freed; Chris Barrozo; Jianguo Wu; Karl Rudnick; Anjali Desai; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Epidemic respiratory infections are responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality within both military and civilian populations. We describe a methodology to examine respiratory samples that simultaneously identifies broad groups of bacteria. The process uses electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and base composition analysis of broad-range PCK amplification products. The base composition analyses from a small set of broad-range primer pairs are used to "triangulate" the identity of pathogenic organisms present in ... |
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| Application of the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) for Evaluation of Simulated Military Activities |
OCT 2002 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
M. Yokota; W. J. Tharion; M. J. Buller; R. W. Hoyt; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The Physiological Strain Index (PSI) (24) is a scale for measuring physiological strain in spontaneous response to work and heat stress using heart rate and core temperature. Previous PSI studies were conducted in controlled laboratory conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine if PSI patterns were different during field activities. In addition, whether intensities of activities, times of activities, types of movements in same activities, and environmental stress ... |
|
| Utilization of a Nf2-Mutant Mouse strain to Investigate the Cellular and Molecular Function of the NF2 Tumor Suppressor, Merlin |
OCT 2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea I. McClatchey; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Neurofibromatosis type2 (NF2) is a familial cancer syndrome that features the development of nervous system tumors. The NF2-encoded protein, merlin, localizes to the membrane:cytoskeleton interface, raising the intriguing question of how a protein that occupies such a physical niche controls cell proliferation, To generate an animal model for NF2 and to build the foundation for delineating the molecular function of merlin, we established a Nf2-mutant mouse strain through genetic engineerins. ... |
|
| Recombinant Antibodies Specific to Bacillus Anthracis Spores |
30 AUG 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Terrance Leighton; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
|
| Recombinant antibody and DNA technologies have been used to improve the sensitivity and specificity of rapid assays for the detection of B. anthracis spores. We have identified a spore coat gene, cotK, which demonstrates substantial sequence variation among B. anthracis clade members including B. cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. mycoides strains. A central 25 amino acid region of the CotK protein was identified that varies in sequence among the B. ... |
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| Molecular Genetic Studies of Bone Mechanical Strain and of Pedigrees With Very High Bone Density |
JUN 2002 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Baylink; LOMA LINDA VETERANS ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CA
|
| The proposed work focuses on identifying the genes and their function that are involved in the acquisition of peak bone density and also the genes and their function that regulate the anabolic skeletal response to mechanical stress. To gain information about genes regulating bone density, we have identified three large pedigrees in which there are subjects with very high bone density. The long term goal will be to perform genome-wide ... |
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| Salivary Immunoglobulin A (slgA) as a Biomarker of Immune Suppression Following the Combat Fitness Assessment |
MAY 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Paul Pacque; Christine Booth; Dan Dwyer; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME RESEARCH LAB
|
| SIgA is a potential biomarker for stress. The usual day-to-day and within day variation in sIgA amongst a group of healthy Army reservists was estimated and the acute response of sIgA to moderate intensity exercise (Combat Fitness Assessment) undertaken in both cool-dry and hot-humid conditions was determined. The results indicate that thermal and cardiovascular strain resulting from moderate intensity exercise in hot-humid conditions suppresses SIgA for at least 24 hours ... |
|
| Drug Development and Conversion of Biodiversity in West and Central Africa |
MAY 2002 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Cyrus J. Bacchi; PACE UNIV NEW YORK NY
|
| This project is being conducted as part of Associated Project #3 of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Program under the direction of the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research. The focus of this ICBG Program's study is plants of West and Central Africa. During the reporting period, a total of 41 plant extracts were received from WRAIR, an additional eight compounds were received from the University of Dschang (Cameroon, AP#2). ... |
|
| Human Adaptations to Heat and Cold Stress |
APR 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Michael N. Sawka; John W. Castellani; Kent B. Pandolf; Andrew J. Young; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Heat acclimation consists of adaptations that mitigate physiological strain of heat stress, which improve thermal comfort and exercise capabilities. Adaptations are induced by repeated heat exposures that are sufficiently stressful to elevate core and skin temperatures and elicit perfuse sweating. Most adaptations to daily heat exposure occur during the first four days, and the remainders are complete by three weeks. Heat acclimation mediated adaptations include: lower core temperature, improved sweating ... |
|
| New Heat and Cold Strain Predictive Indices* |
APR 2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kent B. Pandolf; Daniel S. Moran; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| PSI has been shown to adequately reflect the associated heat strain for different climatic conditions, types of clothing including protective clothing, various hydration levels, different exercise intensities, gender, and the effects of aging. In addition, adjusted PSI can discriminate the heat strain in non-human species such as rats during exercise-heat stress. Thus, PSI does not seem to require any significant refinements. CSI has been shown to be effective in depicting ... |
|
| Integration Between the Environmental Stress Index (ESI) and the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) as a Guideline for Training |
APR 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel S. Moran; Yuval Heled; Kent B. Pandolf; Richard R. Gonzalez; CHAIM SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER TEL HASHOMER(ISRAEL) HELLER INST OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
|
| In this study, we integrate between two new indices for strain and stress assessment into an easy-to-use visualized table. The integration between these two indices can serve as a guideline that should be easy to interpret and to implement for soldiers during training in order to prevent heat casualties. The shortcoming of this work is the strain evaluation by PSI(sub HR). In our previous works, we emphasize the importance of ... |
|
| Physio-Med Web: Real Time Monitoring of Physiological Strain Index (PSI) of Soldiers During an Urban Training Operation |
APR 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Reed W. Hoyt; Mark Buller; Stan Zdonik; Chris Kearns; Beau Freund; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| This field study of simulated urban combat explored the array of issues associated with the collection and use of real-time physiologic data. Six male soldiers (age = 22 +/- 4 y MEAN +/- SD; ht = 172 +/- 5 cm wt = 69.3 +/- 1.6 kg; % body fat = 13.9 +/- 6.9 load carried = 19.0 +/- 2.9 kg) were monitored in real-time during a simulated attack on the ... |
|
| Application of a Computer Model to Set Heat Strain Threshold Limit Values: Evaluation During a Simulated Army Basic Combat Fitness Test |
APR 2002 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
E. M. Kellett; A. S. Weller; M. Bentley; W. R. Withey; QINETIQ LTD FARNBOROUGH (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The risk of exertional heat illness during military activities can be reduced by setting Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) using Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index. A study was undertaken to investigate if computer predictions of heat strain were accurate enough to set TLVs for military activities. Physiological strain during a simulated Army Basic Combat Fitness Test (treadmill walking at 6.8 km/h, 0%! incline) in a warm environment (WBGT 24.3 deg ... |
|
| The Regulation of Expression of the Stx2d Toxins in Shiga Toxin- producing Escherichia coli O91:H21 Strain B2F1 |
2002 |
153 pages |
| Authors:
Louise D. Teel; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Shiga toxin (Stx) types 1 and 2 are encoded within intact or defective temperate bacteriophages in Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and expression of these toxins is linked to bacteriophage induction. Among Stx2 variants, only stx2e from one human STEC isolate has been reported to be encoded within a toxin-converting phage. In this study, I examined O91:H21 STEC isolate B2F1 that carries two functional alleles (stx2d1 and stx2d2) for the potent ... |
|
| Angular Error in Ultrasound Doppler Tissue Velocities and Its Influence on the Derived Variable Peak Systolic Strain |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Camilla Storaa; Lars-Ake Brodin; Britta Lind; KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET HUDDINGE (SWEDEN)DEPT OF MEDICAL ENGINEERING
|
| When recording velocities using ultrasound Doppler, the obtained velocities are always a projection of the true velocities onto the direction from the recording point towards the transducer. In this study we have marked up lines in sequences of ultrasound images of the heart showing the direction of the original velocity. Doing this, it is possible to calculate the original velocity in the marked direction. Both the recorded and corrected velocities ... |
|
| Realization of Combined Diagnosis/Treatment System By Ultrasound Strain Measurement-Based Shear Modulus Reconstruction/Imaging Technique Examples With Application on The New Type Interstitial RF Electromagnetic Wave Thermal Therapy |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
C. Sumi; R. Kojime; SOPHIA UNIV TOKYO (JAPAN) DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
|
| For various soft tissues (e.g., breast, liver, etc.), we are developing the ultrasonic strain measurement-based shear modulus reconstruction/ imaging technique. To clarify the limitation of this technique as the diagnostic tool, together with improving the technique we are collecting clinical shear modulus images. Furthermore, we are applying the technique as the monitoring technique for the effectiveness of chemical therapy (e.g., anticancer drug, ethanol) and thermal therapy (e.g., rf electromagnetic wave, ... |
|
| Utilization of a NF2-Mutant Mouse Strain to Investigate the Cellular and Molecular Function of the NF2 Tumor Suppressor, Merlin |
OCT 2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea I. McClatchey; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a familial cancer syndrome that features the development of nervous system tumors. The Nf2-encoded protein, merlin, localizes to the membrane:cytoskeleton interface raising the intriguing question of how a protein that occupies such a physical niche controls cell proliferation. To generate an animal model for NF2 and to build the foundation for delineating the molecular function of merlin, we established a Nf2- mutant mouse strain through ... |
|
| NMR Reconstructive Elasticity Imaging of Breast: Surrogate Remote Palpation Using Quantitative 3-D Displacement and Strain Estimations |
SEP 2000 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L. Chenevert; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The goal of this research program is to develop a sensitive diagnostic technique based on quantitative elasticity imaging permitting surrogate palpation of deep lying breast lesions. The remote measurement of elasticity in breast tissues may provide unique information which could increase detection and/or characterization of potentially malignant masses not accessible to manual palpation. The primary technical objective of this study is to refine and test an MRI method for the ... |
|
| Identification of Secondary Mutations Which Enhance and Stabilize the Attenuation of Brucella HTRA Mutants: Improving Brucella HTRA-Based Strains as Vaccine Candidates |
AUG 2000 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
R. M. Roop; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV IN SHREVEPORT
|
| Results to date from the studies funded under this contract suggest that Brucella genes involved in maintaining efficient stationary phase physiology and allowing the brucellae to make effective use of the nutrients available in the phagosomal compartment make good targets for the construction of mutants with defined levels of attenuation which may prove useful as vaccine candidates. For example, the well characterized antioxidants KatE and SodC protect B. abortus from ... |
|
| Drug Development and Conservation of Biodiversity in West and Central Africa |
MAY 2000 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Cyrus J. Bacchi; PACE UNIV NEW YORK NY
|
| This research was conducted as part of Associated Project #3 of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBO) program awarded to the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research (WRAIR). This project concerns the detection of growth inhibition of African trypanosomes and of pathogenic trichomonads by phyto- extracts from West Africa. During this period, 21 extracts received from WRAIR were screened against one Trypanosoma brucei strain and ... |
|
| NMR Reconstructive Elasticity Imaging of Breast: Surrogate Remote Palpation Using Quantitative 3-D Displacement and Strain Estimations |
SEP 1999 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L. Chensvert; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The goal of this research program is to develop a sensitive diagnostic technique based on quantitative elasticity imaging permitting surrogate palpation of deep lying breast lesions. The remote measurement of elasticity in breast tissues may provide unique information which could increase detection and/or characterization of potentially malignant masses not accessible to manual palpation. The primary technical objective of this study is to refine and test an MRI method for the ... |
|
| Development of Sucrose-Fermenting Escherichia Coli K-12 Strains for Low- Cost Overproduction of Recombinant Proteins |
JUN 1999 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Zsolt Lengyel; NAVIX INC CAMARILLO CA
|
| Escherichia coli K-l2 strains were the most widely used microorganisms for carrying out genetic engineering experiments. During the past two decades, the E. coli K-12 host has been routinely used for production of a variety of substances on the industrial scale. E. coli K-12 strains do not have the sucrose fermenting capacity that other industrially useful microorganisms have. Therefore, the use of relatively inexpensive raw materials (e.g., molasses) in the ... |
|
| Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds |
31 MAR 1999 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
David T. Gibson; Rebecca E. Parales; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
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| Funded studies focused on the biodegradation of three nitroaromatic compounds, nitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, by bacterial strains isolated in Dr. Jim C. Spain's laboratory, Tyndall AFB. Genes and enzymes required for the degradation of these compounds were characterized. Several genes involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene and phenol from Comamonas sp. strain JS765 were cloned and sequenced. A gene cluster from Pseudomonas sp. strain JS42 encoding 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase was cloned ... |
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| Mutations in the Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Regulatory Gene (hns) Decrease the Adherence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli 091:H21 Strain B2F1 to Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Increase the Production of Hemolysin |
1999 |
300 pages |
| Authors:
Maria Scott; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| Non-0 157 serotype Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) cause a significant amount of food-borne hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide and yet these strains do not encode intimin a major adherence factor encoded by the most common serotype 0157:117 isolated from documented cases of HC and HUS. In this investigation. we attempted to isolate specific adhesins critical for attachment of intimin-negative STEC 091:H21 to human colonic ... |
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| Risk Assessment for Phosphorus Tribromide |
DEC 1998 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
D. R. Mattle; P. D. Haaland; T. R. Sterner; R. E. Wolfe; D. E. Dodd; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
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| Phosphorus tribromide (PBr3) has effective fire fighting properties which make it a possible replacement tor Halon 1301. Results of genotoxicity testing using bacterial Salmonella strains indicted PBr3 is not a mutagen for either frame shift or base-pair substitution tester strains in both buffered and unbuffered solutions. Acute aquatic toxicity testing determined a 96-hour LC50 value for fathead minnows at 71 mg/L (25 mg/L NOEC) and a ... |
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| Transgenic Rat Models for Breast Cancer Research |
OCT 1998 |
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| Authors:
Anne E. Griep; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
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| The laboratory rat is an important model for studying breast cancer due to the similarities in this disease between rats and humans. However, limited knowledge in manipulating the rat genome through transgenesis has prevented researchers from answering important questions in breast cancer research. We proposed to carry out detailed studies to optimize the variables in transgenic manipulation, to extend transgenic rat technology to inbred rat strains, and to develop rat ... |
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| Comparative Drug Response of Sensitive and Resistant Strains of MalarialParasites Using In Vitro Bioassays and Animal Models |
FEB 1998 |
167 pages |
| Authors:
C. M. Gupta; V. P. Kamboj; CENTRAL DRUG RESEARCH INST LUCKNOW (INDIA)
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| Anti-relapse activity of WR 238605 in a shorter 3 dose regimen has been established which would be operationally more acceptable. WR 238605 has also exhibited significant blood schizontocidal, gametocytocidal and causal prophylactic activities, which can be exploited. A new combination regimen comprising WR 238605 plus halofantrine/desbutyl halofantrine has been evaluated. This combination shows additive response and would be useful for management of chloroquine resistant P. ... |
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| Genetic Exchange Between Mutant Strains of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: Analysis, Applications, and Significance for Hyperthermophiles |
20 OCT 97 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis W. Grogan; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
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| A prokaryotic micro-organism originally isolated from terrestrial hot springs, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, was studied for its ability to exchange and recombine segments of its chromosome. Mutant strains were isolated and used to quantitatively assay this process. The genetic exchange was found to be a form of conjugation that differs from bacterial conjugation with respect to the symmetry of DNA transfer and other properties. Other fundamental genetic phenomena of prokaryotes from geothermal ... |
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