| Advanced Radiometry for High Discrimination Explosive Fireball Discrimination |
Mar-2009 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Steven E Slagle; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
 | The high explosive fireball phenomenological model for the mid wave infrared spectrum, developed by AFIT, performs classification from spectral signatures was modified to use radiometric intensities. Five bands were sequentially fit to derive the five physical fit parameters describing the fireball's temperature, size, soot absorption coefficient within 16% and emissions from the H2O and CO2 concentrations within 333% of the spectral model. This was improved by changing the model?s the ... |
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| Radiometric Measurements on Ag/n-Si Composite Films for Detecting Radiation in the Earth's Atmospheric Windows |
20-Feb-2009 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Bates; Clayton W Jr; HOWARD UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| The objectives of the research proposed in this 10-month effort were to assemble optical absorption and radiometric facilities for measuring the properties of Ag/n-Si composite films that are to be used as infrared detectors in the earth's atmospheric windows (1-2, 3-5, and 8-12 microns) from room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperature and to begin making these measurements on films with specific microstructures. All of the equipment requested in the ... |
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| Radiometric Characterization of a New Photovoltaic Cell Unit for Powering Modulating Retroreflectors |
19 JUN 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaolei Zhang; James Murphy; G. C. Gilbreath; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC REMOTE SENSING DIV
|
| We describe the experimental procedures and results of a detailed radiometric characterization of a new photovoltaic (PV) wafer unit intended for powering the Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) Modulating Retroreflector (MRR) using natural sunlight and/or system laser light as energy input, to enable autonomous operation of free-space optical data link using the MQW-MRR. Our initial measurements show that the PV wafer unit has an average power conversion efficiency of 7% to ... |
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| Experimental and Computational Observation of Radiometric Forces on a Plate (Preprint) |
12 JUN 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
N. Selden; C. Ngalande; S. Gimelshein; A. Ketsdever; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| The radiometric force on several configurations of heated plates placed in a stagnant gas is examined experimentally on a high resolution thrust stand and numerically using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. A wide range of pressures from 0.006Pa to 6Pa corresponding to Knudsen numbers from 20 to 0.02 is examined for nitrogen, argon, xenon, and helium test gases. It is shown that the force is maximum in the transition ... |
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| A Statistical Approach to WindSat Ocean Surface Wind Vector Retrieval |
JAN 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Craig K. Smith; Michael Bettenhausen; Peter W. Gaiser; COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS INC SPRINGFIELD VA
|
| WindSat is the first space-based polarimetric microwave radiometer. It is designed to evaluate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure ocean surface wind vectors from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder, which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. The channel set also enables retrieval of sea surface temperature, and columnar water vapor ... |
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| A NOPP Partnership for Skin Sea-Surface Temperature |
2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Minnett; R. M. Reynolds; Frank J. Wentz; Andrew T. Jessup; William J. Emery; Gary A. Wick; James A. Cummings; Doug May; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL DIV OF METEOROLOGY AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| As a result of the heat flow between the ocean and overlying atmosphere, the surface of the ocean is nearly always somewhat cooler than the water at a depth of a millimeter or more. The temperature difference across the thermal conductive layer at the sea surface is called the thermal skin effect. During the day, solar heating may cause vertical temperature gradient in the uppermost several meters of the ocean, ... |
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| Caracterisation de l'Emission d'un Radiateur Airworks (Characterization of the Emission of an Airworks Radiator) |
Sep-2005 |
|
| Authors:
Denis Vincent; Jean-Francois Lepage; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA VALCARTIER (QUEBEC)
|
 | This paper presents the measurement and analysis of the spectrum of an Airworks radiator. This approaches the theoretical spectrum of a black body at a temperature of 1073 K. The measure allows us to evaluate the irradiance in the range 3 to 5 m from a measurement of irradiance performed with a broadband radiometer. |
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| A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
John J. Qu; Xianjun Hao; Bruce Hauss; Chunming Wang; Jeffrey Privette; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA
|
| Approaches for establishing the absolute calibration of a newly deployed, satellite-borne radiometer have varied from aircraft under flights with previously calibrated sensors to vicarious calibration over known, benign backgrounds, utilizing radiative transfer models to generate top-of-atmosphere radiances. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by presenting results of the cross comparison of two sensors that are known to be well calibrated, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate ... |
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| Physics-Based Radiometric Signature Modeling and Detection Algorithms of Landmines Using Electro-Optical Sensors |
JUL 2005 |
283 pages |
| Authors:
Wen-Jiao Liao; OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS
|
| This work, supported by the USA RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, focuses on signature modeling and detection algorithms. Signature modeling helps to provide insight for sensor deployment. The model addresses relevant issues in sources, targets, and sensors. Natural sources such as thermal emission, solar radiation, and solar scattering were considered and incorporated using empirical models. A BRDF model that defines scattering and emission from rough surfaces was ... |
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| A NOPP Partnership for Skin Sea-Surface Temperature |
2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Minnett; R. M. Reynolds; Frank J. Wentz; Andrew T. Jessup; William J. Emery; Gary A. Wick; James A. Cummings; Doug May; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL DIV OF METEOROLOGY AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| As a result of the heat flow between the ocean and overlying atmosphere, the surface of the ocean is nearly always somewhat cooler than the water at a depth of a millimeter or more. The temperature difference across the thermal conductive layer at the sea surface is called the thermal skin effect. During the day, solar heating may cause vertical temperature gradient in the uppermost several meters of the ocean, ... |
|
| Comparison of Radiometric and Chemometric Sensitivities for Heterodyne and Direct Detection DIAL |
JUL 2004 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel C. Senft; Diego F. Pierrottet; James A. Dowling; Brian T. Kelly; Anthony P. Peredo; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NMDIRECTED ENERGY DIRECTORATE
|
| The heterodyne / direct detection DIAL comparison (HD/DD DC) experiment series was conducted at Kirtland AFB, NM, to simultaneously characterize and compare the radiometric and chemical detection sensitivities of heterodyne and direct detection DIAL systems. The system developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate demonstrated the first known programmable and shot-to-shot wavelength-agile heterodyne DIAL measurements. The experiments studied radiometric issues, speckle mitigation through spread spectrum (modelocked) operation, ... |
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| Luminous Efficiency Functions at Higher Intensities |
APR 2004 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence K. Harrington; MISSOURI UNIV-ST LOUIS
|
| Two psychophysical measurement techniques, flicker photometry and successive heterochromatic brightness matching, were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels of light adaptation. Both measurement techniques were performed using the same optical system and the same seven healthy adults as subjects. Measurements were taken at four reference stimulus intensities, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 foot-lamberts. Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the technique and the ... |
|
| A NOPP Partnership for Skin Sea-Surface Temperature |
2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J. Minnett; R. M. Reynolds; Frank J. Wentz; Andrew T. Jessup; Edward J. Kearns; William J. Emery; Gary A. Wick; James A. Cummings; Doug May; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE MIAMI FL DIV OF METEOROLOGY AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| As a result of the heat flow between the ocean and overlying atmosphere, the surface of the ocean is nearly always somewhat cooler than the water at a depth of a millimeter or more. The temperature difference across the thermal conductive layer at the sea surface is called the thermal skin effect. During the day, solar heating may cause vertical temperature gradient in the uppermost several meters of the ocean, ... |
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| Retrieval of Kinetic Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Abundance From Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Limb Emission Measurements Made by the SABER Experiment on the TIMED Satellite |
2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Mertens; Martin G. Mlynczak; Manuel Lopez-Puertas; Peter P. Wintersteiner; Richard H. Picard; Jeremy R. Winick; Larry L. Gordley; James M. Russell III; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment was launched onboard the TIMED satellite in December, 2001. SABER is designed to provide measurements of temperature, constituents, and the key radiative and chemical sources and sinks of energy in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). SABER measures Earth limb emission in 10 broadband radiometer channels ranging from 1.27 micrometers to 17 micrometers. Measurements are made both day and ... |
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| Earth Observing-1 Advanced Land Imager Flight Performance Assessment: Absolute Radiometry and Stability During the First Year |
31 MAY 2002 |
|
| Authors:
J. A. Mendenhall; D. E. Lencioni; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
|
| The absolute radiometry of the Advanced Land Imager during the first year on orbit (November 21,2000 - November 21, 2001) is presented. Results derived from solar, lunar, ground truth, and internal reference lamp measurements are presented. An 18% drop in the radiometric response of the Band 1p data since preflight calibration at Lincoln Laboratory is observed using all techniques. This decrease cannot be accounted for by preflight calibration errors, stray ... |
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| The Design of Mammary Gland Tumor Phantom for Microwave Radiometers |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
J. W. Lee; S. M. Lee; S. J. Eom; K. S. Kim; SAMSUNG ADVANCED INST OF TECHNOLOGY YONG-IN (KOREA)
|
| Microwave radiometry is the spectral measurement technique of resolving electromagnetic radiation of all matters which temperature is above absolute zero. This technique utilized the electromagnetic noise field generated by a thermal volume similar to a mechanism existing in biological tissues. One particular application of microwave radiometry is for analyzing temperature differentials of inside of human body to detect and diagnose some crucial pathologic conditions. For general evaluation of radiometer, we ... |
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| Radiometric Measurements of Powerline Cables at 94 GHz |
FEB 2001 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
David A. Wilner; Thomas J. Pizzillo; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| When pilots are flying at low altitudes, they need a sensor that can help them detect and avoid wires; this need remains a high priority for all U.S. military services. Many different sensors have been considered to fulfill this need. This report presents data that were collected on powerline wires of various diameters with the use of a 94-GHz radiometer. These measurements were conducted at short range in an effort ... |
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| Analysis of Radiometer Data from the Volga SA-2 Static Firing |
2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan Emery; John Stryjewski; Andrew Grunke; Joseph Salg; Brad Griffis; COMPUTER SCIENCES CORP FORT WALTON BEACH FL
|
| The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's (BMDO) Innovative Science and Technology Experimentation Facility (ISTEF) collected data from the test stand firing of a Volga (SA-2 Mod 3 5 23) engine. The test was conducted at the Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC) Test Area 5 on September 15, 1999. Signatures were measured using a non-imaging radiometer and a suite of imaging instruments ranging from the ultraviolet through long ... |
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| Thermophysical Behavior of Armature Materials During a Pulsed Electrical Discharge |
APR 1999 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
A. E. Zielinski; S. Niles; J. D. Powell; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN INST FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
|
| A technique is developed to measure the surface temperature of an electrical conductor during a pulsed electrical discharge. The technique of two- color interferometry (radiometry) is used to make the temperature measurements. This report explains the technique and the issues encountered in performing such measurements. Also, a theoretical model for the current and heat transport for the pulsed conductor is developed. Predicted and experimental results are compared. The measurements can ... |
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| SensorVision Radiometric Equations Version 2.2 |
FEB 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Ninh Duong; Michael Wegener; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION CANBERRA (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This technical note describes the radiometric equations employed by an IR scene generation COTS software package called SensorVision. The componentsof the radiometric equations used to compute the radiance quantities of an IR scene are discussed in detail and assumptions used in the derivation of these equations are identified. The focus of this technical note is to highlight possible sources of errors in an IR scene generated by SensorVision. |
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| Self-Contained Information Resource (SCIR) for Automated Real-time Data Acquisition, Data Archival, Data Analysis, and Data Exploitation of Ground Truth Radiometric Signatures from Scaled Ordnance (SCALO) High Explosive Events |
JAN 1999 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Lydia Boye; Terry Herther; Curt Harris; Garry Bender; Mary Hoffman; SANDIA NATIONAL LABS ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| For the past 20 years Sandia Center 5900 has managed conducted and performed radiometric field testing against a variety of sources and targets. Test planning data acquisition archival analysis reduction and data distribution have always been costly and time-consuming components of these collections. As a result of the Scaled Ordnance (SCALO) High Explosives field test a data acquisition system integrated with a data archival and retrieval database was conceived by ... |
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| An Infrared Focal Plane Array Camera System for Stereo-based Radiometric Imaging |
JAN 1999 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas R. DeVoe; Shawn Goodrich; Russell Bauldree; James VanAnda; TEST WING ( 46TH) EGLIN AFB FL
|
| Results describe the development of a 3-5 micron infrared sensor sponsored by the Electro-Optical (EO)/Infrared (IR) Seeker/Sensor Systems Flight at the 46th Test Wing (TW/TSWI), Eglin AFB, Florida. The program is currently in Phase II with delivery of the prototype system in July, 1999. System design details and performance are presented. Results describe analytical derivations used in radiometric calibration along with a stereo-based photogrammetric technique used to estimate spatial position. ... |
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| Sparse Array Radiometric Imaging (SARI) using an Electronic Mirror |
31 DEC 1998 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
W. A. Peebles; INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SANTA MONICA CA
|
| All-weather, covert, millimeter-wave surveillance deployed on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) would offer a new, highly desirable capability for a wide range of both military and commercial applications. Conventional focal plane imaging systems have failed to provide such a capability with adequate spatial resolution to make deployment attractive. Increasing antenna aperture through conventional sparse-aperture synthesis, as utilized in radio astronomy, has also failed due to the required number of antenna elements ... |
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| Millimeter Wave Radiometer Utility Study |
27 MAR 95 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Peter W. Gaiser; James P. Hollinger; Steven R. Highley; Glenn D. Sandlin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Many military and environmental applications require wide area surveillance on a timely and global basis. Passive microwave and millimeter wave imaging has the advantage over visual and infrared systems of being a near all-weather surveillance system with the ability to see through clouds and most adverse weather conditions with equal day and night sensitivity. The major disadvantage of microwave and millimeter wave radiometric systems is that the relatively long wavelengths ... |
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| Millimeter-Wave Radiometric Utility Study |
22 JUN 94 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
James P. Hollinger; Steven R. Highley; Glenn D. Sandlin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The purpose of this task is two-fold. The general purpose is to provide an introductory discussion of passive millimeter-wave radiometry and its value to remote sensing, illustrated by examples of imagery. The imagery of relatively high resolution has been acquired at various frequencies from aircraft, and the imagery of lower resolution (12.5 km), also important in intelligence gathering, has been acquired by the 85.5 GHz channel of the DMSP- SSM/I ... |
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| Design, Construction, Test and Evaluation of a Frequency Scanning Radiometer tor Measuring Oil Slick Thickness |
JUN 94 |
|
| Authors:
G. L. Hover; J. Murphy; E. R. Brown; G. G. Hogan; O. B. McMahon; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
|
| Single frequency microwave radiometry has been used to detect and estimate oil slick thicknesses. Because only a single sampling point is used, estimates of oil thickness can become ambiguous. MIT Lincoln Laboratory proposed the concept of using a frequency scanning radiometer to sample multiple points across a frequency band, thus resolving the problem of ambiguities in oil thickness estimation. A laboratory-prototype FSR capable of scanning over Ka- band (26 -40GHz) ... |
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| Coherent Laser Radiometric Measurements of LEO Satellites |
17 FEB 94 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David G. Voelz; William Richard; Douglas B. Rider; David H. Stone; Kathy J. Schulze; PHILLIPS LAB KIRTLAND AFB NM
|
| The US Air Force recently completed the Floodbeam Experiment, recording the first ever coherent laser returns from non-augmented low-earth orbit satellites. Illumination was performed during terminator periods (the satellite was sunlit while the experiment site was in darkness). This allowed use of a visible tracking system for good performance against distant and dim targets. A coherent, pulsed, near-infrared laser was used to illuminate 35 different satellites at the Starfire Optical ... |
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| Hyperspectral Analysis of Space Objects: Signal to Noise Evaluation |
DEC 93 |
154 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Hrovat; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| Hyperspectral analysis of space objects is being considered as a means of enhancing Space Object Identification. (SOI) capabilities. This study develops a mathematical simulation based on fundamental radiometry principles to evaluate the feasibility of hyperspectral analysis of space objects. The study uses Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) as the basis for the feasibility evaluation, and addresses the question: Is there enough target signal in narrow wavelength bandwidths to conduct hyperspectral ... |
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| Arnold Engineering Development Center Low-Background Blackbody Calibration |
01 NOV 93 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
C. B. Herron; S. L. Steely; R. P. Young; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN
|
| Arnold Engineering Development Center low-background, blackbody sources, which emit in the long-wavelength infrared electromagnetic spectrum, have been calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology between 1990 and 1993. These traceable blackbody calibrations have also been transferred to secondary working standards for use in radiometric test facilities. This report provides a summary of the current status and future direction of blackbody calibration at Arnold Engineering Development Center. A complete ... |
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| Radiometric, Spectral and Effectiveness Equipment |
24 SEP 93 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard E. Douda; Henry A. Webster; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CRANE DIV IN
|
| This is a description of an assortment of Infrared Radiometric, Spectral and Effectiveness Equipment used for measurement of the radiative output and effectiveness of assorted devices. These instruments are installed and routinely operated at this center and on field flight test. The contents describe some of the instrument parameters and measurement capability. Pyrotechnics, Radiometry, Spectroradiometry and Effectiveness. |
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| Applications of Spectral Microwave Radiometry to Sensing of Sea Ice and the Ocean Surface |
MAY 93 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
Karen M. St Germain; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| The dielectric properties and emissivity of several types of sea ice were studied to improve upon the currently available algorithms for interpreting polar radiometric imagery from the SSM/I sensor. Laboratory studies indicated that the relative dielectric constant of new sea ice, as measured with a spectral C-Band radiometer, is approximately 12. This value represents the early stages of ice formation, and decreases rapidly with ice growth to approach the accepted ... |
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| The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Sources of Radiation, Volume 1 |
1993 |
|
| Authors:
George J. Zissis; Joseph S. Accetta; David L. Shumaker; INFRARED INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS CENTER ANN ARBOR MI
|
| The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Societyfor Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequatetestimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities.The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by ... |
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| Analysis of Images and Spectra of Spacecraft-Induced Radiations |
17 JUL 92 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
D. L. Rall; I. L. Kofsky; J. A. Gardner; PHOTOMETRICS INC WOBURN MA
|
| The visible and short wavelength infrared emissions excited from the -110-km altitude atmosphere by the exhaust of solid composite rocket motors of the Bow Shock 2 Experiment (18 Feb 1991) are analyzed and interpreted, and assistance with laboratory measurements of the excitative reactions with ionospheric species of gases from space vehicle operations is reported. A -10 s- persisting visible wake trail with relatively stable geometry photographed from the 350 km ... |
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| A Wave Theory for Non-imaging Concentrators |
APR 92 |
|
| Authors:
William H. Carter; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| An expression is derived for propagation of the radiance function for light in any state of coherence through a concentrator that can be represented by a linear, stationary optical system. For light from a quasi-homogeneous source, this expression can be somewhat simplified by an approximation. It is shown that the radiance function is invariant for a large class of optical systems. It is also shown that fundamental limitations for the ... |
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| Radiometric and Spectral Measurement Instruments |
18 MAR 92 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard E. Douda; Henry A. Webster; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CRANE DIV IN
|
| This is a description of an assortment of radiometric and spectral instrumentation used for measurement of the radiative output of assorted devices. These instruments are installed and routinely operated at this center. The contents describe some of the instrument parameters and measurement capability. Pyrotechnics, Radiometry, Spectroradiometry. |
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| Passive Determination of Temperature and Range Using Spectral Band Measurements of Photon Emittance |
SEP 91 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Shinji Hirakawa; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The established concept of temperature determination from dual spectral band radiometric measurement is analyzed for the case that the measurement device is sensitive to total photon emittance rather than radiant emittance. A temperature dependent ratio of measurements is calculated for two distinct spectral bands using a black body distribution. It is shown that, if the bands are not self contained, then there exists a one-to-one correspondence between temperature and ratio. ... |
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| Sea Surface Environmental Conditions in the Gulf of Alaska during April 1990 Using SSM/I |
AUG 91 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
P. M. Smith; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) is capable of mapping sea surface roughness characteristics and sea foam coverage from space in most weather conditions. The SSM/I also measures precipitation and water vapor content of atmosphere, providing a simultaneous weather analysis complementing the sea surface roughness measurements. This combination of measurements can provide input into numerical models of sound transmission in the ocean, particularly those incorporating forward scattering from the sea ... |
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| Emissivity and Transmissivity of a Randomly Laminar Structure, |
JUN 1991 |
|
| Authors:
Cornel Eftimiu; MCDONNELL DOUGLAS RESEARCH LABS ST LOUIS MO
|
| We consider a randomly laminar structure of constant width and investigate the scattering of scalar waves for active remote sensing and radiometric purposes. The approach is based on analytic wave theory involving the expansion of-the field in Wiener-Hermite functionals, which are statistically orthogonal. A hierarchy of approximations is established and shown to represent in each order a partial summation of perturbation theory terms. The average field as well as the ... |
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| Navy-NASA SSM/I Validation Experiment KRMS Data Products |
FEB 91 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
D. T. Eppler; L. D. Farmer; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The Navy K-band Radiometric Mapping System (KRMS) was used to acquire high-resolution passive microwave imagery of sea ice in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas during the joint Navy-NASA SSM/I validation experiment in March 1988. Additionally, imagery of rivers and lakes was acquired in the vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska, on two different days during this period. Information presented here constitutes an index to digital tapes of KRMS imagery acquired during ... |
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| Converting Digital Passive Microwave Radiances to Kelvin Units of Brightness Temperatures |
SEP 90 |
|
| Authors:
L. D. Farmer; D. T. Eppler; A. W. Lohanick; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The Ka-band Radiometric Mapping System (KRMS) has been utilized since 1983 to collect digital records of microwave radiances. Methods are presented for converting these digital radiances to appropriate units of brightness temperature. (R.H.) |
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| A Proposed Astronomical Reference Catalog of Infrared Sources |
06 AUG 90 |
|
| Authors:
J. M. Sorvari; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
|
| Data requirements are derived for stellar infrared spectra to be used for calibration reference in a generalized, defense-related program. A program to create such a data set is outlined. The data set would be usable by a variety of users and would both simplify the calibration process and facilitate program- to-program comparisons. |
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| Evaluation of Data Reduction and Composing of the NOAA Global Vegetation Index Product: A Case Study |
JUL 90 |
|
| Authors:
K. P. Gallo; J. F. Brown; NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Data acquired by the AVHRR onboard the TIROS/NOSS series of satellites are spatially degraded from a 1 km resolution at nadir (LAC) to several coarser resolutions. Global Area Coverage Coverage (GAC) data are processed onboard the satellites and have a resolution of approximately 4 km. Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data are processed from sampled GAC data and have a resolution of approximately 15 km. The objectives of this study were ... |
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| An Analysis of the Relationship between a Passive Microwave Sensor Data Set and Soil Moisture Content |
DEC 89 |
|
| Authors:
Robert J. Vasta; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| The purpose of this thesis was to analyze a collection of passive microwave sensor output and determine if a relationship existed between that output and soil moisture content. A second objective was to identify procedural errors which may have hindered the thorough analysis of the data set and propose potential solutions. In processing the data into a form which could be analyzed, a weighting technique was developed to help reduce ... |
|
| Tropospheric Limitations to the Stability of Radio Metric Delay Measurements |
Nov-1989 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
R N Treuhaft; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA JET PROPULSION LAB
|
| Fluctuations in the index of refraction in both the wet and dry components of the troposphere induce timing instabilities in radio metric data in excess of that of modern frequency standards. At zenith, the wet and dry tropospheres cause fluctuations of the order of 2 x 10(-14) s/s and 7 x 10(-15) s/s at 1000 seconds, respectively. A description of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the wet and dry ... |
|
| Excitation and Diagnostics of Optical Contamination in the Spacecraft Environment |
01 JUL 88 |
158 pages |
| Authors:
I. L. Kofsky; J. L. Barrett; T. E. Brownrigg; P. N. McNicholl; N. H. Tran; PHOTOMETRICS INC WOBURN MA
|
| The ultraviolet and infrared contaminant glows produced by spacecraft traversing the thermosphere are identified and their spatial extents and brightnesses estimated from laboratory reaction-rate data, in support of planning of systematic spectroradiometric measurements from space shuttle. A formalism is developed for calculating radiances and irradiances of the emissions from metastable molecules formed at vehicle surfaces exposed to the atmosphere, which serves in selecting the view projections and angular fields of ... |
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| KRMS (K(a)-band Radiometric Mapping System) GEOSAT - LIMEX '87 (Labrador Ice Margin Experiment) Data Products |
JUL 88 |
|
| Authors:
D. T. Eppler; L. D. Farmer; NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The K sub a - band Radiometric Mapping System (KRMS) was used to acquire high resolution passive microwave imagery of sea ice in the East Greenland and Labrador Seas during March 1987. Images obtain in the East Greenland Sea supported NORDA's GEOSAT ice index validation experiment (Chase and Holyer, 1988); Labrador Sea images supported the Labrador Ice Margin Experiment (LIMEX) (McNutt et al., 1988). In addition, we acquire several images ... |
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| NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) Observations during the Marginal Ice Zone Experiment, between Spitzbergen and Greenland, June 7 to 18 July 1984. |
JUN 1988 |
|
| Authors:
Oeastein Skagseth; K. Kloster; K. Barthel; O. Johannessen; NANSEN REMOTE SENSING CENTER SOLHEIMSVIK (NORWAY)
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| The marginal ice zone (MIZ) is the region in which the polar air, ice and water masses interact with the temperate air and ocean masses. During MIZEX-84 an intensive effort was made to obtain an integrated data set including meteorology, oceanography and glaciology, using remote sensing as well as conventional in situ observation methods, in the MIZ between Spitzbergen and Greenland from 7 June to 18 July 1984. This report ... |
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| A Global Analysis and Correlation of Nimbus 7 Cloud and Longwave Radiation Data |
24 MAY 88 |
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| Authors:
Deanna R. Ramirez; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Cloud data obtained from the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and longwave radiation obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget instrument, all aboard the NIMBUS 7 satellite, have been used to present global analyses of the total cloud, high cloud and radiation fields and a correlation between the fields. The horizontal projections of the seasonal variation of the ITCZ by a maximum of cloud cover. The SH ... |
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| Principles of the Optical Differential Thermal Analysis |
APR 88 |
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| Authors:
Jaroslav L. Caslavsky; ARMY LAB COMMAND WATERTOWN MA MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
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| Optical differential thermal analysis (ODTA) can operate in the 490- 3600 C range, using infrared pyrometers for the temperature detection of both the Black-Body and the sample. Hence, the method is called optical. Infrared detection of any phase transition is a result of two cooperative effects: Delta H and the emissivity change. Such cooperation leads to a high sensitivity thereby permitting ODTA measurements at temperature rates as low as 0.1 ... |
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| Satellite Method for Measuring Sea Surface Temperature. |
16 SEP 1986 |
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| Authors:
Ronald J. Holyer; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| A satellite method for measuring sea surface temperature uses simultaneous coverage by two satellites in the same spectral window plus a simplified atmospheric radiative transfer model. A geostationary satellite and any polar orbiting satellite provide nearly coincident infrared imagery of a given area with points of equal and unequal observation angles. The calibration curve of the data for one satellite is adjusted to match the temperatures of the better calibrated ... |
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