*PEACEKEEPING - Storming Media

Technical Memorandum: A Training Evaluation Framework for PSTC MilObs Course

Sep-2009

40 pages

Authors: Michael H Thomson; Andrea L Brown; Courtney D Tario; Barb D Adams; HUMANSYSTEMS INC GUELPH (ONTARIO)

The full text of this report is available for sale.

A current Applied Research Project (ARP) of DRDC-Toronto explores moral and ethical decision-making (MEDM) in Canadian Forces (CF) operations through field studies conducted at the Peace Support Training Centre (PSTC) in Kingston. CF personnel preparing to deploy as United Nations Military Observers undertake a number of training activities to enhance and develop their skills particular to Peace Support Operations (PSO). Through training, CF personnel receive intensive preparation, using a combination ...

Toward Making Practice More Perfect In Stability Operations. A Critique of Appendix F, 'Provincial Reconstruction Teams,' to FM 3-07, Stability Operations (CSL Issue Paper, Volume S01-09, August 2009)

Aug-2009

4 pages

Authors: George P McDonnell; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP

The U.S. Army's history is replete with an aversion to stability operations regardless of the name, e.g., operations other than war, peacekeeping, or small wars. However, the publication of Army Field Manual 3-07, Stability Operations, in October 2008 signaled that a large category of missions--those characterized as neither strictly offensive or defensive operations--are not only part of the Army's charter to engage in, but to win decisively and efficiently. In ...

The Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and Current Developments

16-Jul-2009

Authors: Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The full text of this report is not available and therefore is not for sale. This information is provided for reference purposes only.

In October 2008, the forces of the National Congress for the Defense of the Congolese People (CNDP), under the command of General Laurent Nkunda, launched a major offensive against the Democratic Republic of Congo Armed Forces (FARDC) in eastern Congo. Within days, the CNDP captured a number of small towns and Congolese forces retreated in large numbers. Eastern Congo has been in a state of chaos for over a decade. ...

Peacekeeping: A Selected Bibliography

Jul-2009

36 pages

Authors: Jeanette M Moyer; ARMY WAR COLL LIBRARY CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

American military, diplomatic, and humanitarian personnel participate in peacekeeping efforts around the world. Now in the fifth revised edition, Peacekeeping: A Selected Bibliography is meant to provide a starting place for research on peacekeeping's expanding role in world affairs. It lists references for readings about peacekeeping in general, highlights special issues and concerns, and addresses past and present operations in the following areas: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Central and ...

Peacekeeping/Stabilization and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on the Civilian Response/Reserve Corps and other Civilian Stabilization and Reconstruction Capabilities

16-Jun-2009

Authors: Nina M Serafino; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The 111th Congress will face a number of issues regarding the development of civilian capabilities to carry out stabilization and reconstruction activities. In September 2008, Congress passed the Reconstruction and Stabilization Civilian Management Act, 2008, as Title XVI of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (S. 3001, P.L. 110-417, signed into law October 14, 2008). This legislation codified the existence and functions of the State ...

The Global Peace Operations Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress

11-Jun-2009

Authors: Nina M Serafino; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

In its May 2009 budget request for FY2010, the Obama Administration has requested $96.8 million for the Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI). GPOI was established in mid-2004 as a five-year program with intended annual funding to total $660 million from FY2005 through FY2009. (Actual funds allocated to the GPOI program from FY2005 through FY2009 totaled, as of April 2009, some $480.4 million.) The centerpiece of the Bush Administration's efforts to ...

Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns

13-May-2009

Authors: Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The United States, its allies, and local leaders have achieved substantial successes in the Balkans since the mid-1990s. The wars in the region have ended, and all of the countries are undertaking political and economic reforms at home and orienting their foreign policies toward Euro-Atlantic institutions. However, difficult challenges remain, including dealing with the impact of Kosovo's independence, fighting organized crime and corruption, bringing war criminals to justice, and reforming ...

Sudan: The Crisis in Darfur and Status of the North-South Peace Agreement

12-May-2009

Authors: Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

Sudan, geographically the largest country in Africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. More than 2 million people have died in Southern Sudan over the past two decades due to war-related causes and famine, and millions have been displaced from their homes. The crisis in Darfur began in February 2003, when two rebel groups emerged to challenge the National Congress Party (NCP) government in Darfur. The ...

Intergovernmental Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Partners for Security and Capacity Building

11-May-2009

36 pages

Authors: John B Gillis; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP

Sub-Saharan Africa is emerging as a region of strategic importance. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) in Africa should be considered accelerators for implementing US policy objectives aimed at helping Africans solve African problems. Resolving issues concerning good governance and substandard economic conditions will promote stability and mitigate the potential of failing or failed states that provide havens for extremist organizations. Partnering with IGOs in Sub-Saharan Africa will help assure acceptance of the ...

Bosnia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

01-Apr-2009

Authors: Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

In recent years, many analysts have expressed concern that the international community's efforts since 1995 to stabilize Bosnia are beginning to come apart. They noted that the downward trend has been especially evident since 2006, with the election of leaders with starkly divergent goals. Milorad Dodik, Prime Minister of the Republika Srpska (RS), one of the two semi-autonomous entities within Bosnia, has obstructed efforts to make Bosnia's central government more ...

PKSOI Bulletin, Volume 1, Issue 3

Apr-2009

20 pages

Authors: Nathan Freier; John A Kardos; A H Coyne; Bryan Groves; Julio Franco; Linwood Ham; Bruno Himmler; Richard Giero; Wilson Lauria; ARMY PEACEKEEPING AND STABILITY OPERATIONS INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

CONTENTS: * Army Stability Operations Roles and Missions by CPT A. Heather Coyne; * Why Civil Affairs? by COL Bryan Groves; * Intelligence in Peace Missions by CDR Julio Franco; * A PKSOI Quick Look Assessment by Mr. Nathan Freier; * NSC Directorate for Nation Building by LTC Linwood Ham; * Strategic Partners for Health Care Stability and Reconstruction Operations by CDR Bruno Himmler; * Private Military Security Companies (PMSC) ...

The Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and Current Developments

23-Mar-2009

Authors: Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The Global Peace Operations Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress

19-Mar-2009

Authors: Nina M Serafino; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The 111th Congress may consider extending the Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI), the centerpiece of the Bush Administrations efforts to prepare foreign security forces to participate in international peacekeeping operations. Established in mid-2004, GPOI is a multilateral, five-year program with planned U.S. contributions of some $660 million from FY2005 through FY2009. GPOI's primary purpose is to train and equip 75,000 military troops, a majority of them African, for peacekeeping operations ...

Russia-Georgia Conflict in August 2008: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests

03-Mar-2009

Authors: Jim Nichol; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

In the early 1990s, Georgia and its breakaway South Ossetia region had agreed to a Russian-mediated cease fire that provided for Russian peacekeepers to be stationed in the region. Moscow extended citizenship and passports to most ethnic Ossetians. Simmering long-time tensions escalated on the evening of August 7, 2008, when South Ossetia and Georgia accused each other of launching intense artillery barrages against each other. Georgia claims that South Ossetian ...

Securing the Peace After Civil War

Mar-2009

121 pages

Authors: David M Ware; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

This thesis focuses on the problem of recurring conflict in post-civil war states and seeks to understand the actions undertaken by the international community to alleviate this problem. Specifically, the thesis asks if the strategies of democratization, peacekeeping, and economic assistance have a positive impact on a post-civil war state's likelihood of sustaining the peace. The thesis uses a multi-prong approach to explore this question. First, the author conducts a ...

Peacekeeping/Stabilization and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on the Civilian Response/Reserve Corps and Other Civilian Stabilization and Reconstruction Capabilities

05-Feb-2009

Authors: Nina M Serafino; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

02-Feb-2009

Authors: Richard F Grimmett; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

Two separate but closely related issues confront Congress each time the President introduces armed forces into a situation abroad that conceivably could lead to their involvement in hostilities. One issue concerns the division of war powers between the President and Congress, whether the use of armed forces falls within the purview of the congressional power to declare war and the War Powers Resolution (WPR). The other issue is whether or ...

PKSOI Bulletin. Volume 1, Issue 2, February 2009

Feb-2009

15 pages

Authors: John A Kardos; Richard H Smyth; Nate Freier; Roy Williams; Paul Lang; ARMY PEACEKEEPING AND STABILITY OPERATIONS INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

This edition of PKSOI Bulletin takes on the challenge of suggesting those issues and topics the newly inaugurated and confirmed Administration needs to understand concerning Stability Operations. The centerpieces of this edition are Mr. Richard Smyth's Some Thoughts about Stability Operations, which provides a critical perspective from a seasoned Foreign Service Officer, and Mr. Roy Williams' related piece, Stability Operations and NGOs: What's in a Name?, which offers observations from ...

The Marshall Force: A 21st Century Constabulary for Future Demands

22-Jan-2009

32 pages

Authors: Chad B McRee; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

Stability Operations are a core U.S. Military mission that the Department of Defense shall be prepared to conduct and support. They shall be given priority comparable to combat operations and be explicitly addressed and integrated across all DoD activities including doctrine, organizations, training, education, exercise, material, leadership, personnel, facilities, and planning. (DODD 3000.05) This Student Research Project (SRP) examines the possibility of establishing a Military Police Division to serve as ...

Stabilization, Peacebuilding, and Sustainability in the Horn of Africa

Jan-2009

39 pages

Authors: Stephen F Burgess; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL

Stabilization, peace building, and sustainability in an unstable and famine-prone region like the Horn of Africa are predicated on a holistic approach that addresses environmental degradation, conflict, and their interrelationship. They posit a set of options intended to bring sustainable development as well as security from conflict and struggles over scarce resources. This approach is especially salient in the Horn of Africa because the region combines high levels of environmental ...

Prospective Assessment of Neuropsychological Functioning and Mood in US Army National Guard Personnel Deployed as Peacekeepers

Jan-2009

13 pages

Authors: Susan P Proctor; Kristin J Dos Heaton; Kathryn D Santos; Erik S Rosenman; Timothy Heeren; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV

The study examined the impact of deployment on neuropsychological functioning and mood in Army National Guard personnel. We hypothesized that deployment on a peacekeeping mission, compared to non-deployment, would result in reduced proficiencies in neuropsychological performance and negative mood changes, and that such changes would relate to working in a high-strain job (high demands/low control), in accordance with Karasek's demand-control model. This prospective cohort study involved 119 male soldiers (67 ...

Guiding Principles for Stabilization and Reconstruction

Jan-2009

242 pages

Authors: William Flavin; Beth Cole; Emily Hsu; Elena Brineman; Christina Caan; Megan Chabalowski; Vivienne O'Connor; Courtney Rusin; ARMY PEACEKEEPING AND STABILITY OPERATIONS INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

Guiding Principles for Stabilization and Reconstruction presents the first-ever, comprehensive set of shared principles for building sustainable peace in societies emerging from violent conflict. The manual serves as a tool for U.S. Government civilian planners and practitioners engaged in stabilization and reconstruction (S&R) missions, and is a valuable resource for international actors and nongovernmental organizations. As global demand for these missions continues to rise, so will the need for cooperation ...

A Generation of Peace in the Sinai

17-Dec-2008

35 pages

Authors: Benjamin J Corell; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

Israel has faced persistent conflict from multiple external threats since its inception as a nation. Working collectively and over time, these external threats have overtly and covertly focused on isolating, weakening, and destroying the Israeli state. For a significant period of time, one of the major threats poised against Israel came from the nation of Egypt. Why is it that there now seems to be a sustained peace between the ...

Effective Defense Support for Public Diplomacy (DSPD) with a Sub-Saharan Africa Target Audience: A Case Study of the African Crisis Response Force Proposal

Dec-2008

79 pages

Authors: Christopher S Ieva; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Support for Public Diplomacy (DSPD) sources and messages using the African Crisis Response Force (ACRF) as a controlled comparison case study. The ACRF case can provide useful lessons for USAFRICOM on how to communicate more effectively with its African partners. From a more narrow DSPD perspective, the absence of an explicit adversary in Africa ...

Transitions to Peace: Effects on Internal Security Forces in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala

Dec-2008

83 pages

Authors: Roberto J Atha; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

This thesis examines the effect of transitions to peace in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala on internal security forces. It reveals how the influence of the military affected the implementation of internal security reforms, influencing the professionalism and effectiveness of police forces in the fight against violence and gangs today. The research shows Sandinista influence allowed Nicaragua to maintain an experienced core of security personnel that has confronted the present ...

Peace Operations: Unity of Effort a Critical Requirement

31-Oct-2008

25 pages

Authors: Mary-Jo Swinimer; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT

The immediate post Cold-War era saw a proliferation of failed states in places like Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Liberia, and Kosovo. International intervention, including U.S. participation, was not universally successful. Military action and civilian action must have one goal and work cohesively toward that goal. Unity of effort was an imperative for success. This paper will examine unity of effort between multi-national forces and international civilian structures at the theater operational ...

Russia-Georgia Conflict in South Ossetia: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests

07-Oct-2008

Authors: Jim Nichol; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

In the early 1990s, Georgia and its breakaway South Ossetia region had agreed to a Russian-mediated ceasefire that provided for Russian peacekeepers to be stationed in the region. Moscow extended citizenship and passports to most ethnic Ossetians. Simmering long-time tensions erupted on the evening of Aug 7, 2008, when South Ossetia and Georgia accused each other of launching intense artillery barrages against each other. Georgia claims that South Ossetian forces ...

Challenges of Regional Collective Security: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Standby Force: A Case Study

13 JUN 2008

71 pages

Authors: Miftah O. Ibrahim; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS

Disputes and civil wars, with the attendant breakdown of law and order, and dire consequences for peace, security, and development, continue to plague the continent of Africa. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional grouping of 16 West African countries founded on May 28, 1975, to promote cooperation and integration through the establishment of an economic union in West Africa to raise the living standards of ...

Doing Something: Mandates for the Use of Force by the United Nations in Peace Operations Since the End of the Cold War

JUN 2008

120 pages

Authors: Enrique S. Diaz-Criado; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS

The end of the Cold War brought a period of prosperity with expectations for peace, broken by a new kind of small and protracted conflicts. Western powers, freed from the former threat, were eager to commit military units in peace operations. The United Nations (UN) developed a new concept for the use of force. This concept extended the role of peacekeeping to include humanitarian assistance, conflict solving and nation building. ...

Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background and Current Issues

02 MAY 2008

Authors: Julie Kim; Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

Close to nine years after NATO intervened militarily in the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, Kosovo declared itself an independent and sovereign state on February 17, 2008. The event marked a new stage in, but not the end of, international concern and engagement in the western Balkan region. Serbia strenuously objects to and does not recognize Kosovo's independence. Kosovo represented the last major unfinished business from the wars of Yugoslav ...

The Role of the African Union in African Peacekeeping Operations

26-Mar-2008

42 pages

Authors: John P Kobbie; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

This SRP assesses the readiness of the African Union (AU) to participate in African peacekeeping operations (PKOs) in the context of the current African Peace and Security Architecture. An assessment of AU PKOs in Burundi and Sudan affirms that the organization is subject to constraints on the political, institutional, and conceptual levels that detract from the effectiveness and readiness of the AU. However, as the leading continental organization, it has ...

Coercive Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR): Can It Be Successful

MAR 2008

97 pages

Authors: Shane R. Doolan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

In a post-conflict situation, a strategy of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) is critical to achieving sustainable peace. There are three main DDR approaches: the cooperative, successful against macro-insecurities; the integrated, emphasizes micro-insecurities; and the coercive, commonly a failure. Today, coercive DDR programs are increasingly common, which creates a need to understand why many think they always fail, and how the programs can be improved. This thesis conducts a comparative ...

A New Training Model Needed for African Militaries

21-Feb-2008

14 pages

Authors: Emmanuel T Carper; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA

The best part of my deployment to Djibouti, Africa, during the summer of 2004 was any opportunity to escape the 130 degree summer heat for temporary additional duties (TAD) in one of the surrounding countries. This is why I relished the thought of two weeks TAD to support training a Battalion of Ethiopian military peacekeepers. Like many Americans, I had never heard of ACOTA, which stands for Africa Contingency Operations ...

Integrating Instruments of Power and Influence: Lessons Learned and Best Practices

01-Jan-2008

Authors: Robert E Hunter; Edward Gnehm; George J Rapporteur; Christopher Chivvis; RAND CORP ARLINGTON VA NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIV

This project grew out of a decade's worth of experience, principally gained by the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the European Union (EU), in military interventions abroad and their aftermath. This experience centered on the Balkans in the 1990s -- Bosnia and Kosovo -- and on the Middle East and environs in the current decade -- Iraq and Afghanistan. In all four of these instances of ...

Europe's Role in Nation-Building: From the Balkans to the Congo

01-Jan-2008

Authors: Keith Crane; Nora Bensahel; James Dobbins; Seth G Jones; Christopher S Chivvis; Andrew Radin; F S Larrabee; Brooke K Stearns; Benjamin W Goldsmith; RAND CORP ARLINGTON VA NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIV

Since 1989, nation building has become a growth industry. In two prior volumes, RAND has analyzed the United States' and United Nations' (UN's) performance in this sphere, examining instances in which one or the other led such operations. In this monograph, RAND looks at Europe's performance, taking six instances in which European institutions or national governments have exercised comparable leadership. To complete their survey of modern nation building, they have ...

Genocide and Airpower

Jan-2008

33 pages

Authors: Douglas C Peifer; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL

This article explores how and when genocide prevention became an issue in the U.S. political realm, how genocide was defined by the United Nations, and how scholars and activists have pushed to expand the public understanding of the term. Moving from definition to evaluation, conceptual frameworks are introduced for recognizing the warning signs and stages of genocide and mass killings. Having defined the term and provided a conceptual framework, the ...

Turning on the Dime: Diplomacy's Role in National Security

OCT 2007

18 pages

Authors: Anton K. Smith; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

The differences in approach and culture between the U.S. Departments of State and Defense are stark despite the fact that these organizations are members of the same team and share related national objectives. Understanding the nature of these differences is key to improving interagency cooperation between the two key agents of our national foreign policy. State's historical role as the nation's lead instrument of foreign policy has eroded since World ...

Stabilizing Lebanon: Peacekeeping or Nation-Building

01-Sep-2007

15 pages

Authors: Mooney; William K Jr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

The summer 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war demonstrated that Israel views the problem of Hezbollah geostrategically, as a proxy military challenge supported by its long-term enemies Syria and Iran. This view led the government of Israel to attempt the eradication of Hezbollah through the application of overwhelming military force, an effort that was flawed in design and failed in execution. Similarly, the United Nations has viewed the problem as a conflict between ...

U.S. Support for UN Peacekeeping: Areas for Additional DOD Assistance

SEP 2007

47 pages

Authors: Nancy Soderberg; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

Over the last decade, and particularly following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Pentagon has increasingly viewed failed states, also referred to as "under- or ungoverned spaces," as a threat to U.S. national security and recognized the importance of peacekeeping to U.S. interests. As one senior defense official put it, "the U.S. government is committed to making peacekeeping work." The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) states "The Department [of ...

Dysfunction Junction: Intelligence, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations

SEP 2007

121 pages

Authors: Steven E. Maceda; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

United Nations (UN) peace operations continue to play a vital role in international security, with 15 missions underway in 2007. The UN, however, lacks the institutional intelligence capacity to provide guidance, high-level assessments, and tactical/operational intelligence support for the over 100,000 peacekeepers around the world. The UN's lack of focused capabilities is particularly surprising in the post-9/11 world and the 2003 bombing of its headquarters in Iraq. Since the UN's ...

United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress

21 AUG 2007

Authors: Marjorie A. Browne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

A major issue facing the United Nations, the United States, and the 110th Congress is the extent to which the United Nations has the capacity to restore or keep the peace in the changing world environment. Associated with this issue is the expressed need for a reliable source of funding and other resources for peacekeeping and improved efficiencies of operation. For the United States, major congressional considerations on U.N. peacekeeping ...

Special Report: U.S. Police in Peace and Stability Operations

AUG 2007

13 pages

Authors: Robert M. Perito; UNITED STATES INST OF PEACE WASHINGTON DC

This report explains why the United States should carry through current plans to create a federal-level police reserve for international peace and stability operations. The report is part of an effort by the United States Institute of Peace to examine the use of civilian police in peace and stability operations. It should be read in connection with earlier USIP reports on this subject.

Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction

18 JUN 2007

Authors: Jeremy M. Sharp; Christopher M. Blanchard; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

Securing and maintaining foreign contributions to the reconstruction and stabilization of Iraq has been a major priority for U.S. policy makers since the launch of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003. This report tracks important changes in financial and personnel pledges from foreign governments since the August 19, 2003 bombing of the U.N. Headquarters in Baghdad and major events since the fall of Baghdad on April 9, 2003. Currently, there ...

How United States Army Leaders at Fort Leavenworth Performed Peacekeeping Operations in Terroritorial Kansas

15 JUN 2007

162 pages

Authors: Brian A. Riniker; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS

The Army in the Kansas Territory (Bleeding Kansas) engaged in what is now called Peacekeeping and Peace-Enforcement Operations. This thesis examines how the Army performed those operations, compares its actions to the United Nations (UN) basic definitions of Peacekeeping, and explores how the lessons learned in Kansas could apply to the modern era. The Army in Kansas faced a major problem: How to regain and maintain peace in a territory ...

Peacekeeping: Observations on Costs, Strengths, and Limitations of U.S. and UN Operations

13 JUN 2007

21 pages

Authors: GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC

We estimate that it would cost the United States about twice as much as it would the UN to conduct a peacekeeping operation similar to the UN mission in Haiti. The UN budgeted $428 million for the first 14 months of the mission, of which the United States was responsible for $116 million. A similar U.S. operation would have cost an estimated $876 million. Virtually the entire cost difference can ...

Evaluation of the Contract Management Process in the United Nations for Acquiring Peacekeeping Operations/Services

JUN 2007

101 pages

Authors: Mohammad Shameem; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA

Over the years, the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have increased significantly. When a crisis develops in any part of the world, the UN is expected to respond. It examines the overall situation in order to assess the political and military goals, required composition of force, equipment, training, financial implications, circumstances of deployment and effectiveness of the peacekeeping operation required. The UN does not have any permanent force structure; it ...

Standing or Standby? Is a Standing Peacekeeping Force the Best Option for the United Nations

10 MAY 2007

25 pages

Authors: Corry H. Juedeman; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT

Since the end of the Cold War the world has experienced an increase in the number of intra-state conflicts and humanitarian crises. Genocides have caused the deaths of innocent thousands while the United Nations and the international community struggled to muster a response. This delay in action has been primarily due to a lack of sufficient political will for intervention by Member states and difficulties in recruiting peacekeeping forces by ...

Mongolia's Peacekeeping Commitment. Training, Deployment, and Evolution of Field Information Capabilities

MAY 2007

34 pages

Authors: Jargalsaikhan Mendee; NATIONAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE COLL WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH

In this research paper, Colonel Jargalsaikhan Mendee, serving Defense and Military Attache to the Embassy of Mongolia in the United States, provides an excellent account of the evolution of his country's peacekeeping experience and capacity. The paper provides a detailed description of U.S. support for Mongolia's initiatives to professionalize their force and develop a 2,500-man world-class peacekeeping force. Most useful and insightful are Colonel Mendee's views and observations on the ...

Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo: The Importance of Legal and Moral Issues

MAY 2007

61 pages

Authors: Helene A. Carras; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES

During 1999, NATO instituted a bombing campaign and other military operations against the former Yugoslavia (Kosovo) to restore peace and to prevent the humanitarian crisis there from causing further conflicts within the Balkans. The justification for these operations was to secure international peace and security in the region and to ensure that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia complied with peace demands made by the Security Council. The debate in the ...

AU Peace Support Operations: Insufficient for Success (Darfur Case Study)

30 MAR 2007

26 pages

Authors: Aloys Muganga; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA

The history of peacekeeping in Africa dates back to 1956 when the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) was deployed to resolve the Suez Canal crisis. Since then, a number of peacekeeping operations have been mounted in the continent, some succeeding and others failing miserably. In 2001, the African states decided to establish the African Union (AU) as a successor to the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Since its establishment, the ...