| C2 Domain Ontology within Our Lifetime |
Jun-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Andreas Tolk; Leslie Winters; UNITED STATES JOINT FORCES COMMAND NORFOLK VA
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 | Agile Command and Control (C2) requires agile information sharing with an increasingly wide variety of military and non-military partners. While current net-centric approaches may improve information sharing within a particular niche of C2, they do not support information sharing across the larger C2 domain. Although not a silver bullet, the development and application of a C2 domain ontology to improve C2 data and service integration appears to be increasingly realistic. ... |
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| The Ontology of Command and Control (C2) |
Jun-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Barry Smith; Kristo Miettinen; William Mandrick; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO NATIONAL CENTER FOR ONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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| The goal of the Department of Defense Net-Centric Data Strategy is to improve data sharing throughout the DoD. Data sharing is a critical element of interoperability in the emerging system-of-systems. Achieving interoperability requires the elimination of two types of data heterogeneity: differences of syntax and differences of semantics. This paper builds a path toward semantic uniformity through application of a disciplined approach to ontology. An ontology is a consensus framework ... |
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| Database Creation for Information Processing Methods, Metrics, and Models (DCIPM3) |
May-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Sean Murray; Frank Small; Michelle C McVey; Kevin King; Christine Slocum; Will Tanenbaum; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIR
|
| One challenge of tactical information processing within the demanding net-centric environment is the fusion of data extracted from various free-form message databases. The development of high-level data fusion products addresses this challenge; however, development relies heavily on the availability of large, accurate data sets. This report documents the Database Creation for Information Processing Methods, Metrics, and Models (DCIPM3) project that creates, from a U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL)-designated context, a ... |
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| Automated Ontologically-Based Link Analysis of International Web Logs for the Timely Discovery of Relevant & Credible Information |
28-Feb-2009 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Ulicny; Christopher J Matheus; Mieczyslaw M Koar; Kenneth P Baclawski; VISTOLOGY INC FRAMINGHAM MA
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| The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dynamic nature makes it an elusive medium to analyze and interpret in the aggregate, where it is most informative. We have developed new techniques for open-source blog mining employing ontologies. These techniques enable the evaluation of blog posts individually, and bloggers aggregatively, along the orthogonal dimensions of blog post topicality, specificity, timeliness and credibility. We ... |
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| Coalition Information Interoperability (Interoperabilite d'informations de coalition) |
Dec-2008 |
|
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
 | This report provides a general and high level description of the activities of NATO RTO IST-028/RTG-010, Task Group on Coalition Information Interoperability. The main objectives of the TG were to identify major needs and potential technical solutions to provide information interoperability across NATO coalitions, and with other Non-Government Organisations (NGOs). The work developed along two related but distinct lines, firstly investigating the potential value of ontologies for describing military situations, ... |
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| Knowledge Management for Distributed Tracking |
Nov-2008 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Marion G Ceruti; Tedd L Wright; David J Swanson; Scott C McGirr; Dwight R Wilcox; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Modeling and simulation, intelligent software agents, and other technologies can support network-centric distributed tracking. These technologies came together in the Knowledge Management for Distributed Tracking (KMDT) research and development program to improve naval command, control, and decision support. The program's approach is based on the use of simulated data from sensor and motion models, intelligent software agents, integrated sensor ontology, and a line-of-bearing cross-fix algorithm. Modeling and simulation was used ... |
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| Extending Cross-Generational Knowledge Flow Research in Edge Organizations |
01-Jun-2008 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Jay Liebowitz; Emil Ivanov; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV ROCKVILLE MD CAREY BUSINESS SCHOOL
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| Today's organizations need to be adaptive and agile in order to deal with the rapidly changing environment and competitive pressures. Part of the challenge in doing so is examining the knowledge flows and knowledge gaps within the organizations, especially cross-generational knowledge flows. This paper is an extension of the authors' previous work in cross-generational knowledge flow research in edge organizations. Specifically, the current research is applying ontologies in this domain ... |
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| Probabilistic Ontologies for Multi-INT Fusion |
21-May-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn B Laskey; Paulo C Costa; Terry Janssen; GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTERS - INTELLIGENCE
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| Systems are increasingly required to fuse data from geographically dispersed, heterogeneous information sources to produce up-to-date, mission-relevant results. These products focus not only on traditional military forces and systems, but to an increasing degree also on non-traditional combatants and their social networks. Successful multi-INT fusion requires that the constituent systems interoperate not just at the level of syntax and formats, but also at the level of semantics. Ontologies are vital ... |
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| Accessible Research Cyc |
SEP 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Lefkowitz; Jon Curtis; Michael Witbrock; CYCORP AUSTIN TX
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| The goal of this project was to produce a knowledge base (named ResearchCyc) and to modularize the Cyc knowledge base so that researchers could make use of just the ontology, or part of the ontology, or the knowledge base (KB), or part of the KB, or the inference engine, or just some heuristic level (HL) modules from the inference engine. Moreover, the goal included the capability for software power tools ... |
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| Ontology for the Gridded Met Database |
JUL 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Edward M. Measure; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE
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| The concept of net-centricity requires not only interconnection of individual soldiers, but of their machines. Processing the vast ocean of information from sensors and the Internet will require sophisticated machine-to-machine communication and interoperability. By attaching semantic markup or meaning to information, the Semantic Web takes a large step in advancing human-machine and machine-machine communication. In this report, we describe the development of an ontology designed to capture much of the ... |
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| Timed Formalisms for Plan Ontology and Processes |
11 JUN 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jin S. Dong; Jun Sun; Xian Zhang; NATIONAL UNIV OF SINGAPORE SCHOOL OF COMPUTING/COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT
|
| In the context of military planning, recent research effort focuses more on specifying the static features and relations in the plan ontology. However, military plans, e.g. air campaign planning, have additional operations and timing requirements. In this project, the PI proposed an appropriate real-timed formalism, Timed CSP with some possible extensions, to model the plans. In this approach, Timed CSP is used to model the processes of the plans. The ... |
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| Towards Automatic Threat Recognition |
01 DEC 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Ulrich Schade; Joachim Biermann; Miloslaw Frey; FGAN-FKIE WACHTBERG (GERMANY)
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| The current transformation processes aim at robustly networked forces in order to enable them to execute network-centric operations. Obviously, this will provide the forces headquarters with a huge amount of data and information that has to be processed to deduce an appropriate picture of the respective battlespace and evolving threats in a timely and most reliable manner. Some of the data will not be relevant at all, but some other ... |
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| Custom Ontologies for Expanded Network Analysis |
01 DEC 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Amy K. Vanderbilt; George Strauss; WAVE TECHNOLOGIES INC CHANTILLY VA
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| This paper discusses a new approach to answering Requests for Information (RFIs) from military commanders, intelligence analysts, individual soldiers and others received by reach-back information and intelligence collection repositories. This new approach avoids the previous ideals of either searching out a set of a thousand documents or building one large all-encompassing ontology and instead embraces the concept of custom ontologies based on each users query and returns to that user ... |
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| Design and Implementation of a Prototype Ontology Aided Knowledge Discovery Assistant (OAKDA) Application |
DEC 2006 |
205 pages |
| Authors:
Ann Y. Lee; Edward C. Powers; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The World Wide Web (WWW) has become a major source of easily accessible information for students, professionals, researchers and the general public. However, the volume of information available through the Web is so overwhelming that it is not unusual to get tens of thousands of "hits" when conducting a relatively simple search. Most existing search techniques use brute force based on keyword matches to find related Web pages. While the ... |
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| Standardizing on Ontology of Physics for Modeling and Simulation (MSIAC Journal, Volume 4, December 2006) |
Dec-2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph B Collins; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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| Interest in creating various scientific markup languages has been stimulated by the advent of XML and OWL. For example, there is a need for an ontology of physics for representing physics based model semantics in Modeling and Simulation (M&S) applications. While basic principles have been outlined to proceed towards creating such an ontology, the difficulties in creating a standardized ontology lie in the magnitude of the task and the diversity ... |
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| Development of a Ground Vehicle Maneuver Ontology to Support the Common Operational Picture |
01-Jul-2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Niki C Goerger; Paul W Richmond; Curtis L Blais; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| To meet information needs of operational commanders, user-centric applications will combine Global Information Grid (GIG) data and services to create a Common Operational Picture (COP). The COP, a single identical display of relevant information shared by more than one command, will facilitate collaborative planning and situational awareness. Land warfare decision-makers are particularly interested in ground vehicle mobility characteristics of the battlespace. This paper describes both the Mobility-COP, from which warfighters ... |
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| Knowledge Management for Distributed Tracking and the Next-Generation Command and Control |
JUN 2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Marion G. Ceruti; Tedd L. Wright; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Knowledge Management for Distributed-Tracking (KMDT) is an ongoing research and development project to improve military-information functions in the battle space, such as command, control, and decision support. It features a scenario that shows how knowledge-management technologies, such as ontologies and intelligent agents can improve battlespace awareness and the decision-making process in command centers with respect to distributed tracking and threat identification of platforms. Cross lines of bearings using heterogeneous sensor ... |
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| Autonomic Fuselet Specification and Composition |
MAY 2006 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Peter H. Mills; ORIELLE LLC MOSCOW ID
|
| A framework for autonomic fuselet business logic development was developed, using semantic web services and workflow technologies to specify fuselet information needs, to define an executable workflow model for its business logic, and to perform workflow composition from a goal and specifications to executable model in a manner that enables feedback mechanisms that can assess and adapt the process model to satisfy needs. The framework for autonomic fuselet specification and ... |
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| Information Gathering During Planning for Web Service Composition |
2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Ugur Kuter; Evren Sirin; Dana Nau; Bijan Parsia; James Hendler; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Hierarchical Task-Network (HTN) based planning techniques have been applied to the problem of composing Web Services, especially when described using the OWL-S service ontologies. Many of the existing Web Services are either exclusively information providing or crucially depend on information-providing services. Thus, many interesting service compositions involve collecting information either during execution or during the composition process itself. In this paper, we focus on the latter issue. In particular, we ... |
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| SMORE -Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Aditya Kalyanpur; James Hendler; Bijan Parsia; Jennifer Golbeck; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| The promise of the Semantic Web is founded on the principle that online content will be semantically annotated, creating machine-understandable content using interlinking ontologies. In keeping with this principle, we introduce SMORE, the Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor. It provides users with an integrated environment for creating web pages, email, and other online content while facilitating inline, seamless semantic markup. The rich features of SMORE extend its capabilities beyond ... |
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| The Problem of Ontology Alignment on the Web: A First Report |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Davide Fossati; Gabriele Ghidoni; Barbara Di Eugenio; Isabel Cruz; Huiyong Xiao; Rajen Subba; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| This paper presents a general architecture and four algorithms that use Natural Language Processing for automatic ontology matching. The proposed approach is purely instance based, i.e., only the instance documents associated with the nodes of ontologies are taken into account. The four algorithms have been evaluated using real world test data, taken from the Google and LookSmart online directories. The results show that NLP techniques applied to instance documents help ... |
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| Using Semantic Web Technologies to Integrate the Enterprise |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Marwan Sabbouh; Joseph K. DeRosa; MITRE CORP BEDFORD MA
|
| This paper illustrates the benefits of inserting a semantic layer into information systems that use N-Tier architectures. By introducing the Ontology and Semantic services above the data tier, we succeed in not only specifying semantics but also in integrating software components into the enterprise. This design allows us to integrate legacy systems, or RDBMS and Web services, without software development. |
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| Toward a Standard Rule Language for Semantic Integration of the DoD Enterprise |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Suzette Stoutenburg; Leo Obrst; Deborah Nicols; Jason Peterson; Adrian Johnson; MITRE CORP COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
| Historically, the behavior of Department of Defense (DoD) Command and Control (C2) systems has been embedded in executable code, providing static functionality that is difficult to change. As the complexity and tempo of the world increase, C2 systems must move to a new paradigm that supports the ability to dynamically modify system behavior in complex, changing environments. Separation of rules from executable code provides the foundation for dynamic system behavior ... |
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| CropCircles: Topology Sensitive Visualization of OWL Class Hierarchies |
2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Taowei D. Wang; Bijan Parsia; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| OWL ontologies present many interesting visualization challenges. Here we present CropCircles, a technique designed to view the class hierarchies in ontologies as trees. We place special emphasis on topology understanding when designing the tool. We drew inspiration from treemaps, but made substantial changes in the representation and layout. Most notably, the spacefillingness of treemap is relaxed in exchange for visual clarity. We outline the problem scape of visualizing ontology hierarchies, ... |
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| PaperPuppy: Sniffing the Trail of Semantic Web Publications |
2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer Golbeck; Yarden Katz; Daniel Krech; Aaron Mannes; Taowei D. Wang; James Hendler; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK MD MINDSWAP RESEARCH GROUP
|
| PaperPuppy is a system designed to allow the exploration and analysis of a network of ISWC conference authors and publications. Using proceeding data from the first four ISWC conferences, we show co-authorship, citation, institutional affiliation, co-depiction in photographs, and other connections supported by the underlying ontologies. We demonstrate the rich browsing experience with the PaperPuppy site, and support it with a variety of cutting-edge Semantic Web tools. |
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| A Survey of the Web Ontology Landscape |
2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Taowei D. Wang; Bijan Parsia; James Hendler; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| We survey nearly 1300 OWL ontologies and RDFS schemas. The collection of statistical data allows us to perform analysis and report some trends. Though most of the documents are syntactically OWL Full, very few stay in OWL Full when they are syntactically patched by adding type triples. We also report the frequency of occurrences of OWL language constructs and the shape of class hierarchies in the ontologies. Finally, we note ... |
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| Implementing OWL Defaults |
2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir Kolovski; Bijan Parsia; Yarden Katz; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| While it has been argued that knowledge representation for the World Wide Web must respect the open world assumption due to the "open" nature of the Web, users of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) have often requested some form of non-monotonic reasoning. In this paper, we present preliminary optimizations and an implementation of a restricted version of Reiter's default logic as an extension to the description logic fragment of OWL, ... |
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| Ontology-Driven Information Extraction with OntoSyphon |
2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Luke K. McDowell; Michael Cafarella; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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| The Semantic Web's need for machine understandable content has led researchers to attempt to automatically acquire such content from a number of sources, including the web. To date, such research has focused on "document-driven" systems that individually process a small set of documents, annotating each with respect to a given ontology. This paper introduces OntoSyphon, an alternative that strives to more fully leverage existing ontological content while scaling to extract ... |
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| The Role of Ontology in System-of-Systems Acquisition |
2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Israel Mayk; Azad M. Madni; INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This paper addresses the importance of a unified ontology for a Battle Command (BC) system of systems (SoS) acquisition. A BC SoS is a Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Target Acquisition (C4ISR&TA) federation of large-scale, net-centric systems that are collaborative and interoperable and include heterogeneous multi-agency managed intelligent agents, humans-in-the-loop, and unmanned autonomous systems. As systems become increasingly complex, modularity becomes the key to reuse, scalability, and ... |
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| Capturing and Modeling Domain Knowledge Using Natural Language Processing Techniques |
JUN 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Alain Auger; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA VALCARTIER (QUEBEC)
|
| PROBLEM SPACE: (1) Command and control (C2) and decision-making domains are seriously threatened, facing information overload and uncertainty issues; (2) Military have to create new ways of processing sensor and intelligence information; (3) Without new means to elicit knowledge from multiple information and intelligence sources, decision-makers will have to deal with very limited knowledge and increasing levels of uncertainty in operations; (4) How can we better capture and represent knowledge ... |
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| Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems |
23 AUG 2004 |
483 pages |
| Authors:
E. A. Fedosov; N. A. Kuznetsov; V. A. Vittikh; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SAMARA (RUSSIA)
|
| The Final Proceedings for Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems, 14 June 2004 - 19 June 2004 This is a computer science conference broadly covering topics related to modeling and control of complex systems and 'systems of systems'. Specific topics to be presented include: Open systems: Control and Modeling; Complex Systems: Information Interaction Models; Information Assurance in Complex Systems; System Analysis and Control Theory; Ontology analysis and synthesis; Multi-Agent Systems; ... |
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| Information Engineering in Support of Multilateral Joint Operational Interoperability |
JUN 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Eric Dorion; Anne-Claire Boury-Brisset; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA VALCARTIER (QUEBEC)
|
| In the information age era, there never has been a better time to reflect upon the fact that information in itself is something that has to be engineered. Since command and control is a cognitive process by which the commander gains situation awareness and proceeds to deliberated and coordinated action, one has to ask himself how raw data turns into actual information, and eventually knowledge that will trigger human understanding. ... |
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| Association in Level 2 Fusion |
2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mieczyslaw M. Kokar; Christopher J. Matheus; Jerzy A. Letkowski; Kenneth Baclawski; Paul Kogut; NORTHEASTERN UNIV BOSTON MA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| After a number of years of intensive research on Level 1 fusion, the focus is shifting to higher levels. Level 2 fusion differs from Level 1 fusion in its emphasis on relations among objects rather than on the characteristics (position, velocity, type) of single objects. While the number of such characteristics grows linearly with the number of objects considered by an information fusion system, this cannot be said about the ... |
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| A Model Theoretic Semantics for Ontology Versioning |
2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Heflin; Zhengxiang Pan; LEHIGH UNIV BETHLEHEM PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| We show that the SemanticWeb needs a formal semantics for the various kinds of links between ontologies and other documents. We provide a model theoretic semantics that takes into account ontology extension and ontology versioning. Since the Web is the product of a diverse community, as opposed to a single agent, this semantics accommodates different viewpoints by having different entailment relations for different ontology perspectives. We discuss how this theory ... |
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| Coalition Interoperability Ontology: Sharing Situational Awareness with Allies and Agents |
JUN 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Erik Chaum; Andreas Tolk; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Coalition Interoperability Ontology: To achieve the information age transformation envisioned by DoD leadership will require sharing a broader range of information and context; Shared semantics and syntax make this more practical and affordable; To enable information systems to find and reason about the information on the GIG we will also need to carefully mark it up with meta-data that has known semantics and syntax; C2IEDM provides a well designed, international, ... |
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| The Benefit of Ontologies for Interoperability of CCIS. (Easy, Quick and Cheap Solutions are Impossible, if Semantics of CCIS are Affected.) |
JUN 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Michael A. Wunder; FGAN-FKIE WACHTBERG (GERMANY)
|
| In spite of their efforts, no one has yet succeeded in making Command and Control Information Systems (CCIS) semantically interoperable. The harmonization of information systems is extremely expensive and, in many cases, it has not brought the expected improvements. Another approach to the problem of semantic harmonization may be necessary. According to the author, information exchange can be supported by knowledge-based linguistic algorithms that analyze incoming information and convert it ... |
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| A Space Surveillance Ontology: Captured in an XML Schema |
OCT 2000 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
Mary K. Pulvermacher; Daniel L. Brandsma; John R. Wilson; MITRE CORP BEDFORD MA
|
| Achieving data interoperability is a necessary element of realizing the United States Government's vision of interoperability across all the services. This paper describes an Extensible Markup Language (XML) approach that was invented to capture data structure, content, and semantics in a targeted military domain of space surveillance. The resulting Space Surveillance Ontology could become a standard, shared space surveillance vocabulary as a step toward achieving data interoperability for military space ... |
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| Development of Semantic Web - Markup Languages, Web Services, Rules, Explanation, Querying, Proof and Reasoning |
|
59 pages |
| Authors:
Deborah McGuinness; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Stanford University did research, development and promotion of Semantic Web markup languages including the co-submission to the World-Wide Web Consortium (WC3) of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) recommendation. This work was performed under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Agent Markup Language (DAML) program Stanford also helped develop the Semantic Web Services (OWL-S), the Web Ontology Query Language (OWL-QL) and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) W3C submissions. This report ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*ONTOLOGY
