| Neck Muscle Fatigue Resulting from Prolonged Wear of Weighted Helmets under High G Acceleration |
01-Jun-2008 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Edward S Eveland; Bob Esken; Nick Shouse; Chuck Goodyear; Matt Kane; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIRCREW PROTECTION BRANCH
|
 | In search of guidelines for designing helmet-mounted systems without adding risk for additional pilot neck pain or injury, RHPG collaborated with the panoramic night vision goggle (PNVG) program office to begin this research. Neck muscles become fatigued as they work to stabilize the additional weight of helmet systems. The center of gravity (CG) of each individual helmet configuration varies according to the accessories attached. Neck strength measurements before and after ... |
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| Non-Line-of-Sight Cannon (NLOS-C) System Crew Shock Loading, Evaluation of Potential Head and Neck Injury |
AUG 2007 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E. LaFiandra; Harry Zywiol; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| The Future Combat Systems (FCS) non-line of sight cannon (NLOS-C) is an artillery weapon that will use a 155-mm cannon that will be capable of automatically firing and reloading ammunition, as many as six rounds per minute. The goal of this project was to quantify the effects of weapon fire recoil on a surrogate human occupant. In 2004, the Tank-Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC) ride motion simulator (RMS) ... |
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| Finite Element Analysis of the Effects of Head-Supported Mass on Neck Responses |
SEP 2006 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Halldin; Sofia Hedenstierna; Karin Brolin; Hans von Holst; ROYAL INST OF TECH STOCKHOLM (SWEDEN)
|
| The objectives for the whole project were to: I. determine the relationships between head supported mass and the risk of neck injuries. The results should be used in a Graphical user interface. In this phase three report has also the Graphical User Interface (GUI) been evaluated and the question about the how the muscle activation affect the injury risk. II. to develop and implement a 3D numerical muscle model. Results: ... |
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| Human Neck Response during Vertical Impact with Variable Weighted Helmets |
SEP 2006 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Erica J. Doczy; Joseph A. Pellettiere; Hilary L. Gallagher; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted systems, such as night vision goggles and helmet-mounted displays, are designed to enhance pilot performance; however, they may also affect pilot safety during ejection due to the change in helmet inertial properties. The weight of a helmet, along with a pilot's bracing ability, can affect the human response and potential for neck injury during impact. A useful tool for investigating the mechanics of bracing and the relationships to helmet ... |
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| Neck Muscle Fatigue with Helmet-Mounted Systems |
SEP 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Edward S. Eveland; Joseph A. Pellettiere; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIRCREW PROTECTION BRANCH
|
| Helmet-mounted systems (HMS) allow aircrew to perform more efficiently in poor conditions. Optics allow improved visibility, night vision, helmet-mounted displays, and targeting capability. The cost to use them in high performance aircraft is unknown. Test flights were made with pilots wearing HMS and neck muscles were evaluated. Objectives were to test the functionality of the helmet-mounted devices and to determine the impact on pilots using them during high G acceleration. ... |
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| Head, Face, and Neck Injuries During Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results From the US Navy and Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry |
12 JAN 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Amber L. Wade; Judy L. Dye; Charlene R. Mohrle; Michael R. Galarneau; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| A retrospective analysis was performed to assess characteristics of head, face, and neck injury among US military casualties from Operation Iraqi Freedom Phase Two. Data were collected from the US Navy and Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry for the time period of 1 March to 30 September 2004. Four hundred and forty-five casualties with head, face, or neck injury were identified for analysis. Of these, 140 (31%) sustained multiple wounds ... |
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| A Literature Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries to the Human Neck and the Effects of Head-Supported Mass Worn by Soldier |
OCT 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Sarah J. Manoogian; Eric A. Kennedy; Stefan M. Duma; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| This report reviews research, conducted prior to 2004, in four areas of neck biomechanics that pertain to head-supported mass (HSM). First, computer models of the head and neck are reviewed for their biofidelity and versatility. Second, neck injury criteria are reviewed for their applicability to studying HSM-related neck injuries. Third, existing studies of HSM effects on head-neck response to Impact are reviewed. Fourth, a review of muscle activation and its ... |
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| Development of the Breakaway Integrated Chin-Nape Strap |
OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph A. Pellettiere; Erica Doczy; George Hedges; Charles Acker; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted systems (HMS), such as night vision goggles and helmet-mounted displays, are designed to enhance pilot performance through improvements in situational awareness, target acquisition, and weapon delivery. Using HMS, however, may also affect pilot safety by increasing the potential for neck injury during ejection due to the increase in dynamic forces generated in the cervical spine as a result of the change in helmet inertial properties. The majority of these ... |
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| Results of NVG-Induced Neck Strain Questionnaire Study in CH-146 Griffon Aircrew |
24 AUG 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Jameel Adam; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
|
 | Night vision goggles (NVGs) have become indispensable during night operations in the tactical helicopter community of the Canadian Forces. However, the additional mass of the NVGs and associated counterweight have been suggested as a cause factor in recent reports of neck strain within the CH-146 Griffon helicopter fleet. The present study sought to determine the rate of incidence and severity of NVG-induced neck strain experienced by CH-146 Griffon pilots and ... |
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| Neck Muscle Activation Levels During Frontal Impacts |
SEP 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Pellettiere; Mary A. Sanders; Erica Doczy; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted systems, such as night vision goggles and helmet-mounted displays, are designed to enhance pilot performance; however, they may also affect pilot safety during ejection due to the change in helmet inertial properties. The effects of variable helmet weight and bracing ability on subject response during impact are unknown. Electromyogram (EMG) is a useful tool to investigate the mechanics of bracing and the relationships to helmet weight and impact acceleration. ... |
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| Evaluation of the Effects of Variable Helmet Weight on Human Response During Lateral +Gy Impact |
AUG 2003 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Chris E. Perry; John R. Buhrman; Erica J. Doczy; Stephen E. Mosher; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted systems (HMS) are designed to enhance pilot performance, but may also affect pilot safety by increasing the potential for neck injury during ejection due to the change in helmet inertial properties. A series of tests was conducted by AFRL/HEPA on a horizontal impulse accelerator using human subjects to investigate the effects of helmet inertial properties on human response to short duration sideward impacts of variable magnitude. The effects of ... |
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| Neck Muscle Response to Changes in Helmet Loading Under +Gz Acceleration - Gender Differences |
JUN 2001 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Edward S. Eveland; Chuck Goodyear; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Helmet-mounted devices (HMDs) can provide valuable assistance to the pilots of high performance aircraft. They allow operations to be accomplished in poor conditions and can improve effectiveness. However, each device changes the helmet configuration adding more weight and can change the center of gravity of the helmet. These factors are often implicated in reports of acute neck pain and cervical vertebral damage. Females, in particular, may be at risk for ... |
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| Effects of Head-Supported Devices on Female Aviators During Simulated Helicopter Rides. Part I: Biomechanical Response |
JUN 2000 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Khalid W. Barazanji; Nabih M. Alem; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Researchers at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) recently concluded that weight-moment of head-supported devices (HSDs) worn by male aviators should not exceed 82.8 +/- 22.9 Newton-centimeters (N-cm). The goal of this study was to define a safe range of weights and centers of mass of HSDs that can be tolerated by female helicopter pilots without affecting their health or degrading their performance. Twelve subjects were exposed to whole- ... |
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| Head and Neck Loads and Moments Developed During Tactical and Rotary Wing +Gz-Stress |
2000 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Barry Shender; Glenn Paskoff; Greg Askew; Rich Coughlan; Wayne Isdahl; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD
|
| Neck injury risk may increase when aircrew wear head-mounted equipment during flight; however, maneuvering acceleration head/neck forces and moments have not been determined. |
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| Neck and Back Pain in E-2C HAWKEYE Aircrew |
MAY 1999 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
T. A. Loomis; J. A. Hodgdon; L. Hervig; W. K. Prusacyzk; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to determine select characteristics of neck and back symptoms among E-2C Hawkeye aircrew. One hundred eighty-five E-2C aircrew volunteered to complete a neck and back pain and symptoms survey. The mean (+- SD) age and flight time were 30.6 (+- 4.3) years and 1392 (+- 1003) hr, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of pilots and 74% of Naval Flight Officers (NFO) reported neck and/or back pain ... |
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| Frontiers in Head and Neck Trauma: Clinical and Biomechanical |
19 JUN 1998 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
Narayan Yoganandan; Frank A. Pintar; Sanford J. Larson; MEDICAL COLL OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE
|
| Clinical and biomedical aspects of head and neck injuries are covered in this presentation. Recent research stemming from laboratory-driven experimental and mathematical models, and clinical and epidemiological investigations are discussed. Topics covered include the basic anatomy of the head and neck of the pediatric and adult human population; the effects of the presence of uncovertebral joints in the adult human neck; and radiographic, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of ... |
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| U.S. Army Aviation Life Support Equipment Retrieval Program: Head and Neck Injury Among Night Vision Goggle Users in Rotary-Wing Mishaps |
OCT 97 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel G. Shannon; Kevin T. Mason; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| The relationship between night vision goggle (NVG) use in the U.S. Army and head/neck injury risk is unknown. A 10-year retrospective study of traumatic head/neck injuries among U.S. Army aircrew members wearing NVGs in rotary-wing mishaps was conducted by review of U.S. Army Safety Center and U.S. Army Aviation Epidemiology Data Register records. Among 704 cockpit aircrew members, 403 (57.2 percent) suffered some degree of injury during the mishap. Among ... |
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| Neck and Back Strain Profiles of Rotary-Wing Female Pilots |
MAR 97 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
James A. Hodgdon; Robert S. Pozos; Steven J. Feith; Barry S. Cohen; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The research objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the prevalence of neck and back symptoms in Navy helicopter aviators; (2) determine the magnitude of strain in neck and back muscles using electromyogram (EMG) signals associated with muscle contractions before, during, and after helicopter flights; (3) minimize neck and back fatigue during flight using specific neck and back strengthening exercises; (4) quantify the effect of various helmets with and ... |
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| Relationship Between Neck Strength, Anthropometric Parameters, and Gender with Head Motion under Impact Acceleration |
APR 1996 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Charles E. Morris; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| With the opening of the fighter cockpit to women, it is imperative to expand the current database of responses of females to high impact acceleration environments. Since women tend to have less upper-body strength than men, it was hypothesized that they may not be able to brace their heads as effectively against the loads which occur during impact and escape. The objective of the current experimental effort was to examine ... |
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| Modeling of a Deformable Manikin Neck for Multibody Dynamic Simulation |
OCT 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Hashem Ashrafiuon; Robert Colbert; Louise Obergefell; Ints Kaleps; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| The Articulated Total Body (ATE) is a rigid body dynamics computer model of the human body used at the Armstrong Laboratory (AL). The model is used to predict the kinetic response of the human body in different dynamic environments such as aircraft pilot ejections, sled tests, etc. In order to predict the response accurately, however, a rigid body dynamics model may not be sufficient. This is particularly true for the ... |
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| Indirect Measurement of Head Orientation During Gy Acceleration |
SEP 1995 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas S. Brungart; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Although head-mounted technologies have the potential to significantly enhance pilot performance, they increase the mass of the helmet considerably and may increase the risk of cervical injury during emergency ejection. The lack of adequate head restraint makes the prediction of cervical injuries more complicated than other spinal injuries because the position of the head during the acceleration is unknown. A retroactive study of data from +Gy impacts of instrumented human ... |
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| Neck and Back Strain Profiles of Rotary-Wing Female Pilots |
22 AUG 95 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
James A. Hodgdon; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| NHRC has an integrated laboratory and field study to document neck/ back fatigue profiles in female military helicopter pilots. Subsequent to a 3- hr flight mission, subjects will undergo initial neck and back strength evaluation using the MedEx. Subsequently, an 8-week neck/back strengthening program will be conducted followed by another neck/back evaluation and 3-hr flight mission. Validation of a repeated jolt impact platform at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, ... |
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| Relationship Between Neck Strength, Anthropometric Parameters, and Gender with Head Motion Under Impact Acceleration |
01 AUG 95 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Charles E. Morris; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| With the opening of the fighter cockpit to women, it is imperative to expand the current data base of responses of females to high impact acceleration environments. It is hypothesized that since women tend to have less upper-body strength than men, they may not be able to brace their heads as effectively against the loads which occur during impact and escape. This may be exacerbated ... |
|
| Body X-Ray Anthropometry Manual |
JUN 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Dorothy A. Francis; NAVAL BIODYNAMICS LAB NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| This publication provides documentation of body (neck) x-ray anthropometry data acquisition and analysis. It also documents the anthropometry photogrammetric program used on an IBM-compatible 486 personal computer at the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory in New Orleans, LA. |
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| An Assessment of the Potential for Neck Injury Due to Padding of Aircraft Interior Walls for Head Impact Protection |
AUG 93 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
R. Armenia-Cope; J. H. Marcus; R. V. Gowdy; R. L. DeWeese; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| This report describes a short test program to assess the potential for neck injury induced by placing padding on the interior walls of an aircraft cabin to reduce the possibility of a head injury during a crash. Such padding is a possible mechanism of achieving the heightened impact protection requirements adopted by the Federal Aviation Administration in 1988. The report reviews the literature on impact induced neck injury, and reports ... |
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| Assessment of Neck Muscle Biodynamics During Impact |
AUG 1993 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Karen R. Getschow; Chris E. Perry; Dena M. Bonetti; Christopher L. Taylor; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
|
| An experimental effort was conducted to assess the neck muscle's biodynamic characteristics using electromyographic (EMG) data collected during a human impact study. EMG data were collected from specific neck muscles of volunteer human subjects before, during, and after the subject was exposed to a vertical impact. Data analysis consisted of the Integrated Threshold Detector method, and then using the integrated EMG to determine muscle recruitment patterns and frequency distributions. The ... |
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| Hybrid II and Hybrid III Dummy Neck Properties for Computer Modeling |
FEB 92 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Eric K. Spittle; Donna J. Miller; Buford W. Shipley Jr.; Ints Kaleps; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Existing rigid body dynamics and finite element computer codes do not have adequate databases for manikin neck structures to properly model head/neck system dynamics occurring in crash or ejection testing. This report describes measured static stiffness and dynamic damping and stiffness characteristics of the Hybrid II and Hybrid III manikin necks and uses these data to improve the current manikin neck data sets of the Articulated Total Body (ATB) model ... |
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| A Normative Data Study of Isometric Neck Strength in Healthy, Adult, Males Ages 18-35 |
90 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Julie R. Keller; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Isometric neck muscle contraction forces generated during attempted neck flexion, extension, and side bending by sixty subjects were measured using a load cell in order to establish normal ranges for cervical muscle strength. Contraction forces during three trials were collected and measured using ASYST 2.01. Time averaged forces and instantaneous peak forces generated were compared and no significant differences were evident. Measured mean extension forces (236 N) exceeded mean flexion ... |
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| Effects of Head Mounted Devices on Head-Neck Dynamic Response to +GZ Accelerations |
APR 1989 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Eberhardt Privitzer; Ints Kaleps; Harry 0. Armstrong; ARVIN/CALSPAN CORP BUFFALO NY
|
| An investigation is described which addresses the inertial loading effects of Head Mounted Devices (HMD) on aviator head-neck-spine dynamic response during high +Gz acceleration exposure. The primary objectives of this study were to develop a methodology which could be used to establish limits on HMD inertial properties and to apply this methodology to the evaluation of the severity of the internal loads -- occurring in the neck and upper spine ... |
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| Dynamic Variable and Temporary Injury Correlation for Human Head and Neck Impact Experiments |
DEC 86 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Brian W. Wamsley; Alvah C. Bittner Jr.; Norman S. Gilbert; Leonard S. Lustick; NAVAL BIODYNAMICS LAB NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| The Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL) has collected a data base describing the head/neck kinematic response of a large number of human subject volunteers to -X, +Y, and -X+Y vector exposures. This paper will present injury- related parameters for the most severe exposures in each vector, together with correlations of these parameters with the medical findings. The parameters presented include axial and shear forces and torques at the occipital condyles, as ... |
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| Period Prevalence of Acute Neck Injury in U.S. Air Force Pilots Exposed to High G Forces |
JUN 86 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Rodger D. Vanderbeek; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Neck injury and its sequelae associated with high G forces is an unquantified clinical and epidemiological problem in exposed pilots. There has been a paucity of research in this area. This proposal is a beginning, with a descriptive period prevalence study of acute neck injury in high performance aircraft pilots. A sample of pilots of five different aircraft with varying performance capabilities will be surveyed, utilizing an anonymous questionnaire. Stratified ... |
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| A Model for Neck Injury in the Helmeted Human |
1983 |
|
| Authors:
James Lepkowski; Anthony Sances Jr.; Joel Myklebust; MEDICAL COLL OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE
|
| The temporal events and injury forces and energies following impact of the helmeted and unhelmeted human have not been fully described. To further advance our understanding in this area, a lumped parameter model with one- dimensional motion along the spinal axis has been developed. The muscles and ligaments and overlying tissue are assumed to offer negligible resistance in compression and the skull stiffness is neglected. Torso mass is reduced appropriately ... |
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| Influence of U.S. Army Headgear Parameters on Neck Muscle Loading and Fatigue |
DEC 82 |
|
| Authors:
Chandler Allen Phillips; Jerrold Scott Petrofsky; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OH
|
| This study evaluated the endurance times for the lateral and posterior neck muscles when statically and dynamically loaded by 15 headgear configurations (5 different helmet centers-of-gravity and 3 different helmet weights). Systematic variations of these headgear loading configurations was accomplished via a variable C.G.-weight helmet simulator. Various cardiovascular responses, quantitative electromyographic measurements, and recovery responses were also evaluated. Subjects were tested in an isometric head dynamometer. Results indicate that for ... |
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| Cervical Spline Analysis for Ejection Injury Prediction |
30 NOV 1982 |
|
| Authors:
S. Gracovetsky; H. F. Farfan; Christopher D. Helleur; CONCORDIA UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC) DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| We have developed a sagittal plane mathematical model for the cervical spine (including T6-T1, C7-C1 and skull). In our model the moments due to the weight of the head and neck and the effect of external forces are balanced by forces generated internally by muscle, ligament, and intervertebral joint. With this formulation, the problem is to find a method for distributing the moment between muscle and ligament. Our calculations show ... |
|
| Biomechanics of Atlanto-Occipital and Atlanto-Axial Joint Injuries |
12 NOV 1982 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
A. A. Rumyantseva; V. I. Yevseyev; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
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| Analysis of Head and Neck Dynamic Response of the U.S. Adult Military Population |
27 JUL 1982 |
|
| Authors:
B. M. Bowman; L. W. Schneider; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH INST
|
| Human subject data collected in the program of impact acceleration tests being conducted at the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory were analyzed to investigate the relationships between dynamic head/neck response and biomechanical properties of the neck. Study of these data with head/neck motion simulation has yielded important information pertinent to eventual construction of improved anthropmorphic dummies and has helped to improve the predictive capabilities of mathematical models. (Author) |
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| Head and Neck Impact Measurement System. |
24 JUL 1979 |
|
| Authors:
Lawrence J. Specker; Aubin M. Higgins; James W. Brinkley; DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC
|
| A system for measuring head and neck impact forces, having a movable plate member with an anthropometric dummy head and neck member secured to the plate member. Three force measuring cells are positioned in a horizontal plane and are connected between the movable plate member and three column members. Three vertical force measuring cells are positioned between a support plate and the movable plate member. High frequency response triaxial accelerometers ... |
|
| Analysis of Naval Aviation Head and Neck Injuries (1969-1978) |
MAY 1978 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
L. H. Tyndall; R. W. Carr; DYNAMIC SCIENCE INC PHOENIX AZ
|
| U.S. Naval aviation accidents during the period January 1969 to March 1978 were reviewed to study the nature and severity of injuries to the head and neck. Results, by aircraft models and types, were tabulated and analyzed to determine the number and types of injuries to the skull, face, eyes, neck, and cervical vertebra; this information was then used to determine the primary impact force direction. The role of the ... |
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| A Prediction of Response of the Head and Neck of the U.S. Adult Military Population to Dynamic Impact Acceleration from Selected Dynamic Test Subjects. |
MAY 1976 |
174 pages |
| Authors:
L. W. Schneider; B. M. Bowman; R. G. Snyder; L. S. Peck; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR HIGHWAY SAFETYRESEARCH INST
|
| Physical characteristics of the head and neck were measured on 18 male Navy volunteers who had previously undergone testing on the NAMRL sled facility at Michoud Station, New Orleans. Measurements include 55 standard anthropometric measures, 32 anthropometric measures of the seated subject, three dimensional head and neck range of motion, neck muscle reflex times in response to head jerks, and neck muscle voluntary isometric strength. These latter measurements were taken ... |
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| Injury Criteria and Human Tolerance for the Neck |
1975 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Channing L. Ewing; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB DETACHMENT MICHOUD NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| Measured input-output data for the neck are required to determine absolute tolerance limits to indirect impact acceleration. Considerable data are available as to vehicular output in crash situations. However, very little directly measured data concerning input to the man's neck are available. Determination of absolute tolerance limits is necessary but probably will not be completed for several years. Tolerance limits of the human neck to direct impact are unavailable. |
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| Theoretical and Mechanical Models of the Human Neck. |
JUN 1974 |
|
| Authors:
Gaylen A. Thurston; Richard J. Fay; DENVER UNIV COLO DEPT OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| The project has been concerned with possible constraint systems to protect the head of an aircraft occupant against violent rotation about the torso and subsequent loss of consciousness during emergency landings and survivable crashes. The restraint concept that has been tested is an inflatable collar to limit head motion. The collar would fit under the chin and cushion the impact of the chin on the thorax during hyperflexion of the ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
*NECK_ANATOMY_
